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Reviewer in Phil History

The document summarizes aspects of pre-Hispanic Philippine society such as the barangay system, the roles of datus and sultans, customary and written laws, social classes, boats, and clothing. It also discusses some elements of colonial rule such as the establishment of the first printing press and university, as well as the roles of missionaries, corregidores, and encomenderos.

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67 views2 pages

Reviewer in Phil History

The document summarizes aspects of pre-Hispanic Philippine society such as the barangay system, the roles of datus and sultans, customary and written laws, social classes, boats, and clothing. It also discusses some elements of colonial rule such as the establishment of the first printing press and university, as well as the roles of missionaries, corregidores, and encomenderos.

Uploaded by

Jane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 What is the object of history? It quite simply “truth”.

 HISTORY is the past, that is, is the actual past. Studying this past is recreating it, and in so doing, a historian’s
interpretations and biases become part of the narrated stories [written or oral] that we call today history
[textbook].
 The BARANGAY. The Barangay, (or balangay from the Malay term balanghay, meaning a “boat”), is the
independent political unit of pre-Hispanic Filipinos. These communities were usually made up of 30 t0 100
families that lived and worked together.
 The DATU (chieftain). Headed the barangays. His responsibilities included the duty to govern and lead the
people in battle, to defend the barangay against enemies, and to settle disputes among followers.
 SULTAN AND SULTANATE. The Sultanate of pre-hispanic Philippines was composed of several communities
ruled by a Sultan.
 ROMA BICHARA served as adviser to the Sultan in matters pertaining to politics and religion.
 BANGSAWAN (ROYAL BLOOD). A Datu could only become a sultan if his parents were of noble ancestry (of
kadatuan and kasaripan). Women had no right to become sultans due to their alleged weakness and they were
also forbidden to lead prayers.
 KAMAGULANGAN (RIGHT AGE). He is the oldest among the datus.
 ILMAWAN (HAS PROFICIENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE SHARIAH AND ADAT). He should be highly knowledgeable
with the shariah or Islam laws and the adat or customary laws.
 ALTAWAN (WEALTH). This should be measured based on his properties or possessions, scope of territorial
jurisdiction, and palaces.
 RUPAWAN (PERSONALITY). He should possess a strong personality, unquestioned morality and good manners.
 CUSTOMARY LAWS were orally transmitted from generation to generation.
 WRITTEN LAWS were those that chieftain and his council of elders promulgated from time to time when
necessary.
 Laws were made through the initiative of the Datu and with the approval of the elders. After a law has been
enacted, a public announcer called “Omalohokan” goes around to barangays to announce the new law.
 In cases where the criminal among a number of accused could not easily be identified, the Trial by Ordeal was
employed. This was a series of physical tests used to determine the guilt or innocence of accused criminals.
 For those living along coastal areas, the sea was of prime importance for everyday activity.
 The Visayans spent much of their time in the water with their boat for it was their only means of transportation.
 There was also a definite system of agricultural landownership , which was particularly based on the payoh (rice
fields). Commonly, rice fields were owned by the rich known as kadangyans.
 Boat-building was a flourishing industry in the Philippines before the conquest.
 Balanghai- a slender, with narrow stern and prow, light and low-lying, held together with wooden bolts.
 Caracoa- was sleek, double-ended and could go forward or backward without turning around.
 Paraw- was used to transport loads from ships to the seashore. It was also used to escort caracoa during the
conduct of pangangayaw (sea raids).
 Piloncito is a small gold piece no larger than a pea, shaped like rounded cone, with a character stamped in relief
at the base.
 MAGINOO (NOBLES). Composed of the Datu and his immediate family and relative.
 TIMAWA/MAHARLIKA (FREEMEN). Which was composed of warriors, merchants, craftsmen, slaves who won
their freedom. The timawa has its own land and followers but were bound to serve the datu.
 ALIPIN (DEPENDENT/SLAVES). These were captives of war, those unable to pay their debts, all illegitimate
children; those purchased, and punished criminals. In the Visayas, an alipin was called oripun.
 ALIPING NAMAMAHAY (HOUSEHOLDER)- had his own family, little house and lot, and served the master during
planting and harvesting season or in the construction of houses.
 ALIPING SAGIGILID (HEARTH SLAVE)- those who are living with the master, had no property, and could marry
without the master’s consent. The sagigilid; however, could buy his freedom in gold.
CLOTHING FOR MALE

 KANGAN- black or blue sleevelessjacket;


 BAHAG- strip of cloth wrapped around the waist, passing down between the thighs
 PUTONG- red or embroidered headgear wrapped around the head

CLOTHING FOR WOMEN

 BARO- sleeved jacket


 PATADYONG/SAYA- loose skirt wrapped around the waste
 KALUMBIGA- armlets, pendants, bracelets, rigs, earrings, and leg-lets.

 Merchants brought luxury items and spices were the most valuable and expensive goods used to improve the
flavor of food.
 Marco Polo returned to Italy he wrote his observations and experiences in the East which were printed as “The
Travels of Marco Polo”.
 Jacob Fugger, A German banker from Ausberg, financed Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition.
 Reconquista or the mission to destroy Muslim power and influence by discovering pagan lands and ringing
Christianity.
 Iner Caetera a decree that partitioned the world between Spain and Portugal.

COLONIAL WAY OF LIFE

 DOMINICAN FRIARS establish the first printing press in Manila in 1593.


 DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN LENGUA ESPANOLA y TAGALA the first book published in the Philippines
 CENACULO dealt with Christ’s suffering and death
 MORO-MORO Christian-Muslim war
 JOSE DELA CRUZ used the alias Huseng Sisiw
 The missionaries under the control of the Catholic church were the first teachers.
 VISITAS or temporary sheds in town and villages were built where they could conduct catechism
 UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS was the oldest university
 CORREGIDORES or military-politician governors
 ENCOMENDERO had powers to collect taxes from the communities

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