PUBLIC TOILET

Submitted by:
Apoorva Prakash
A GENERAL OVERVIEW
Introduction to public toilet

• A public toilet in general terms refers to a small building to be used by general public which
primarily does not belong to any particular household.
• On an average there counts to be a total of 1.4 billion toilets in this world and of this number
approximately 75% of toilets rae in a severe need of redevelopment and are not able to meet
up with people’s expectations.
• This study further aims to analyze the types and varieties of public toilets constructed within the
country and across the globe to be able to come up with an entire holistic approach of toilet
design.

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 1. ON STREET CONVENIENCE
MOBILE PORTABLE TOILETS: THESE CAN BE
PUT INTO USE WHENEVER AND WHEREVER
NEEDED.
PERMANENT STAND ALONE TOILET: THESE
ARE PAY AND USE TOILETS INSTALLED AND
TYPES OF PUBLIC TOILET MAINTAINED BY PRIVATE FIRMS.
PERMANENT TOILET BLOCK: THESE ARE THE
PUBLIC TOILET CAN BE CATGORIZED ON THE BASIS OF TWO ASPECTS: SEPARATE TOILET BLOCKS USUALLY
MAINTAINED AND RUN BY THE MUNICIPAL
1. ON STREET CONVENIENCE GOVERNMENT.
2. OFF STREET CONVENIENCE
2. OFF STREET CONVENIENCE
PERMANENT TOILET: THESE ARE THE
TOILETS OWNED BY PRIVATE MALLS,
THEATRES, CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY
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CENTRES ETC.
LITERATURE STUDY
 WC AND LAYOUT
Pedestal (sitting) type WCs shall preferably be wall hung, without leg support, so as to facilitate cleaning. Installation of
squatting type WC pans in all cubicles is discouraged so as to cater to the needs of various demographic groups and an
ageing population

STANDARD DIMENSION TOILET CLEARENCE

• ON AN AVERAGE A • A WC should not be set

SINGLE WC UNIT closer than 450mm from
OCCUPIES AN AREA OF its centre to any side
2 M2. wall, partition, vanity or
other obstruction. There
• THESE WESTERN WC’S should be at least a
PRIMARILY TEND TO 900mm clearance in
HAVE A STANDARD front of the WC to any
WIDTH OF 300 MM wall, fixture or door
AND LENGTH OF 600
MM WHEREBY THE • WC cubicles shall be at
HEIGHT VARIES FROM least 900mm (width) x
300-400MM. 1500mm (length).

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 URINAL AND ITS LAYOUT
STANDARD DIMENSION SINGLE URINAL DOUBLE URINAL

Individually wall-hung urinal units shall be at least 300mm A urinal should not be set closer than 450mm from its There should be a minimum space of 700 mm from centre
wide and the lip of the collection area shall project from centre to any side wall, partition, vanity or other to centre of two adjacent urinals. Urinals should be
the wall by at least 300mm. If 2 or more non-full length obstruction. There should be at least a 900mm clearance separated by modesty boards of not less than 300mm x
urinals are installed, 1 urinal should be installed at child’s in front of the urinal to any wall, fixture or door 1800mm (Height) to act as a visual barrier between
height. urinals.

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 WASHBASIN AND ITS LAYOUT
STANDARD DIMENSION HEIGHT DOUBLE WASH BASIN

Wash basins should be substantial in Washbansins are mostly at an A wash basin should not be set closer than
size. The basins should have a minimum average height of approximately 450 mm from its centre to any side wall,
size of 500mm in length and 400mm in 750-900 mm for the ease of users. partition, vanity or other obstruction, or
width. closer than 900 mm centre-to-centre
7 between adjacent fixtures.
 ADDITIONAL SERVICES
A)Soap Dispensers Instead of liquid soap, the use of foam
soap, which is less soapy, is recommended to reduce water
usage and prevent theft.At a minimum, for every 2 count of
wash basins, 1 soap dispenser shall be provided. For a long DIAPER CHANGING
LITTER BINS STATIONS
basin trough, 1 soap dispenser shall be provided for every 2
taps.
(b) Litterbins: Litterbins shall be provided directly below or in
close proximity (preferably located in front of the wash
basins) to the wash basins to minimise tiny bits of litter on the
floor left behind by users
(d) Toilet Paper Dispensers Installation of double-roll toilet
paper dispensers are recommended so that replacing a roll of
toilet paper is done only when it fully runs out. SOAP DISPENSER BABY SEATS
(i) Coat Hooks Double hooks should be affixed behind
cubicle doors at a convenient height for all users. The hook
should be able to support a minimum of 6.8 kilograms.
(c) Baby Seats In both male and female toilets, a minimum of
1 baby seat should be provided in the WC cubicle. Signage
should be displayed on cubicle doors to indicate the presence
of a baby seat.
(d) Diaper Changing Stations Diaper changing stations, TOILET PAPER
COURT HOOKS
benches or tables should be placed in both male and female DISPENSER
toilets where families may utilise the facility.

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TOILET LAYOUT

STANDARD TOILET CABINS ARE OF SIZE 900 BY DISABLED TOILETS ARE OF THE SIZE 1500 BY
1500 MM 1500 MM
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DONGSHAN PUBLIC TOILET
Location : located in a village in Xiaoshan
District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Area: 138 m²
Architects: Shulin Architectural Design
SITE CONTEXT AND EXISTING CONDITIONS

PUBLIC TOILETS ARE CREATED AT

VARIOUS PLACES ACROSS THE ENTIRE
VILAGE BUT FAILED TO MEET UP WITH
THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE PEOPLE

OUR TRIANGULAR
SITE FOR THE TOILET

THE EARLIER CONDITION OF THE DONGSHAN TOILET RESIDENCE COMMUNITY AREA

CONCEPT GENERATION:
To increase the possibility for public activities,the public
toilets should conduct function separation in the first place,
breaking the stereotypes and layout of traditional public
toilets. We deconstruct the definition of public toilets and
split its functionsinto: male toilets, female toilets, tool
rooms, toilets for the disabled, sinks, rest waiting seats,
and these functional areas are separated and
recombined into independent functional blocks.

THUS, the prime concept was to seggregate the entire

toilet block into separate blocks for craeting a better and
more appealing approach for the public.
 the restwaiting seat becomes a place for villagers
to chitchat and thegray space under the roof
PLAN becomes a public space that the villagers can walk
freely.

The sink becomes a place for villagers to

wash vegetables and groceries

1- male toilet
2-female toilet
3- disabled toilet
4-tool room
5-sink The space has evolved into a place for communication, which brings more possibilities to
6-stool the villagers. They meet and chat in the public toilets to exchange ideas, gettogether, so
7-tree pool that the public toilets serve the public function of the station and a gathering place for
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villagers.
ELEVATION

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 DESIGN FEATURES
• The basic feature is the play of
light and grey.
• Followin a constant grey and
white theme.
• The wall being made of terrazzo
doped with black and white
pebbles.
• The foor been made of a grey
medium grain stone.
SEATING CUM INTERACTION SPACE WHITE AND GREY INTERIORS • While the wall is exquisite, the
floor is rough giving with similar
colors and slightly different
textures.
• The dozens of white steel columns
integrated with the top surface
are also irregularly distributed
and interspersed in the gaps of
the blocks. The column and the
SCENIC VIEW WHICH ALSO ACTS AS
block are freely and disorderly
INTERACTION SPOT FOR VILLAGERS AT
WHITE STEEL COLUMNS integrated.
NIGHT.
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Isemachi Public Toilet

Location : Nakanojo town, Gunma

Area: 1O M2
Architects: Kubo Tsushima Architects
APPROACH AND CONCEPT
the corner of the ordinary square toilet is a
cause for the dismalness, by making a
shadowed area for parasite-filled puddles,
dust or spiders thereby decreasing itsentire
appeal and making it dingy.
Thus such edges have been removed by opting
for two semi circles as the inspiring form for
the design.
Inspired by shape s, the design has been
divided up into two blocks one for men and
oone for women.
Because of is shape it helps in easy regulation
on crowd and can be accessed from two sides
of the road.

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PLAN

FEMALE TOILET

18 MALE TOILET
DESIGN FEATURES

facade skylight
To further brighten the building, the architects chose a
corrugated metal sheet with a white finish for both the Round skylights above the toilet basin and the sink
interior and exterior walls. It conceals a simple timber bring light down into each space. There is also a
framework. This also reduces the cost of maintenance urinal in the male cubicle.
19 needed for wood.
COMPARAIVE ANALYSIS
category dongshan Isemachi

location china Japan

area 138 m2 10 m2

Located in a village near river and public Located on the main running road between
context square the market area

Aims to increase public interaction bby To reduce the normal edges or corners by
Design intervention and approach providing them with spaces to interact and opting for circular arc form and also
also enhancing their experiennce regulating the flow with s shape

A separate block for disabled people has No such disabled friendly provisions have
Disabled friendly been created un the design been provided.

Separate blocks along with seating space Only two separate toilet blocks have been
Additional srvices has been provided. provided.
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 THANKYOU!!!
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