WEATHERING, EROSION & DEPOSITION WORKSHEET

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Directions: For each of the situations below, state whether it describes erosion, weathering, or possibly both.

1. Over the course of two years, the top layer of soil at a Michigan farm is blown away.

2. A very large storm occurs along the coast. The powerful waves wash away sand and move some larger rocks on the
shore.

3. Rainfall collects in a crack in a rock. When the temperature drops, this water freezes and expands. This causes the crack
to become slightly larger.

4. This rock is at the top of a cliff. After several years, the crack is large enough that a piece breaks off and tumbles to the
bottom.

5. A tree in your front yard spreads its roots beneath a sidewalk, pushing the sidewalk up and causing it to crack. As the
tree grows, these cracks are expanded as the roots grow into and between them.

6. A glacier scrapes pieces of rock from underneath it and carries these pieces down the side of a mountain and into the
valley.

7. A river flowing through soft rock dissolves some of the rock and carries this material downstream.

8. As a fire rages through a forest, a large boulder is heated quickly. This rapid change in temperature causes the outer
layer of the boulder to crack.

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9. What is the difference between physical weathering and chemical weathering?

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10. Name an example of the cause for each of the following:

______________________a.physical weathering

______________________b.chemical weathering

11. Identify whether weathering or erosion occurs in each of the following situations:

______________________a.A deep gully forms in a hillside after a rainstorm.

______________________b.A U-shaped valley is carved out as a glacier moves through the mountains.
______________________c.A rock is slowly broken apart by the force of ice thawing and refreezing.
______________________d.Sandstone is worn away by the sediment particles carried in the wind.

Chemical weathering can form large underground caves. Carbon dioxide from the air dissolves in rainwater, creating
carbonic acid. When the rainwater seeps into the ground, carbonic acid reacts with calcite in limestone rock layers to form
calcium bicarbonate. Unlike calcite, calcium bicarbonate can dissolve in water. It is slowly carried away by water flowing
underground. The places that the calcite once filled are left behind as caves. Precipitation, such as rain, sleet, and snow, is
naturally slightly acidic because it contains carbonic acid.
12. Explain how underground limestone caves form.
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13. Describe how rainwater can be an agent of chemical weathering.

Read the following paragraphs, and complete the exercises below.

Weathering—the process in which rocks on Earth’s surface are changed in form or composition—is the result of physical
or chemical processes. Movements of water, ice, and wind are common causes of physical weathering. Carbonic acid and
acid rain are two causes of chemical weathering. Living organisms also can cause weathering. For example, plant roots
can grow into cracks and slowly break apart rocks. Some mosses and lichens that grow on rocks even produce acids that
can dissolve the rock surface. Some animals, including ground squirrels and prairie dogs, uncover buried rock surfaces
through digging. These surfaces then become exposed to other forms of weathering. The effects of plants and animals on
rock surfaces may seem small compared with the effects of winds, glaciers, acid rains, and other such processes. But over
long periods of time, weathering effects from plants and animals can be significant.

15. How do digging animals contribute to the weathering of rocks?

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16. Describe two ways that plants can cause the weathering of rocks.
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17. Which type of wind can transport larger sediment particles, high-speed wind or lowspeed wind? Explain your answer.

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18. Is it possible to have erosion without deposition? Explain your answer.

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_______19. _______________occurs when water fills cracks in rock and freezes.

a. Frost wedging b. Deposition c. Chemical weathering d. Oxidation

_____ 20. What causes rock fragments to move down inclines?

a. magnetism b. gravity c. minerals d. magma

_____ 21. Abrasion caused by particles in water is a type of

_____ 22. Which process forms ocean cliffs?

a. glacial abrasion b. deforestation c. deposition d. water erosion

_____23. Look at the diagram below to answer this question.

_____24. Look at the diagram below to answer this question.

25. Name the 4 factors that influence the rate of deposition. (These are in your notes.

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