Discrete Mathematics

(Implication and Double

MCQ’sImplications and
Types of
Statements)
By
Muhammad Sohaib Yousaf
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to
__________
a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
d) None of the mentioned
Implication and Double
Implications
• Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to
__________
a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them have same truth table, Hence they are
equal
Implication and Double
Implications
•
What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?
a) A ∧~B ∧~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧B v C
d) None of the mentioned
Implication and Double
Implications
• What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?
a) A ∧~B ∧~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧B v C
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: A->P is logically equivalent to ~A v P
Implication and Double
Implications
•
The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of
A, B are respectively _________
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
Implication and Double
Implications
• The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of
A, B are respectively _________
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true
and conclusion should be false.
Implication and Double
Implications
The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧(and) B is?
•
a) A->B
b) ~A ∧~ B
c) A ∧~B
d) ~(A->~B)
Implication and Double
Implications
• The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧(and) B is?
a) A->B
b) ~A ∧~ B
c) A ∧~B
d) ~(A->~B)
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the
match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we
give a nice overall squad performance.“ is?
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
Implication and Double
Implications
• Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the
match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give
a nice overall squad performance.“ is?
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is
true?
a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧ ~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧ R)
Implication and Double
Implications
• Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is
true?
a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧ ~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧ R)
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this
statement is?
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
d) None of the mentioned
Implication and Double
Implications
• Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this
statement is?
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Consider the following statements.
A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if
he wants to play good table tennis then he should exercise.” is?
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧ C
Implication and Double
Implications
• Consider the following statements.
A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to play
good table tennis then he should exercise.” is?
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A ∧C
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are used
Implication and Double
Implications
• ∧
The statement (~P<->Q) ~Q is true when?
a) P: True Q: False
b) P: True Q: True
c) P: False Q: True
d) P: False Q: False
Implication and Double
Implications
• ∧
The statement (~P<->Q) ~Q is true when?
a) P: True Q: False
b) P: True Q: True
c) P: False Q: True
d) P: False Q: False
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be
same
Implication and Double
Implications
•
Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is
true?
a) P∧(Q∧ ~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
Implication and Double
Implications
• Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is
true?
a) P∧(Q∧ ~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be the
same
Types of Statements
• The contrapositive of p → q is the proposition of ____________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Types of Statements
• The contrapositive of p → q is the proposition of ____________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of contrapositive.
Types of Statements
• The inverse of p → q is the proposition of ____________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Types of Statements
• The inverse of p → q is the proposition of ____________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of inverse.
Types of Statements
• The converse of p → q is the proposition of _______________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Types of Statements
• The converse of p → q is the proposition of _______________
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of converse
Types of Statements
• What is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? “The home
team misses whenever it is drizzling?”
a) If it is drizzling, then home team misses
b) If the home team misses, then it is drizzling
c) If it is not drizzling, then the home team does not misses
d) If the home team wins, then it is not drizzling
Types of Statements
• What is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? “The home
team misses whenever it is drizzling?”
a) If it is drizzling, then home team misses
b) If the home team misses, then it is drizzling
c) If it is not drizzling, then the home team does not misses
d) If the home team wins, then it is not drizzling
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: q whenever p contrapositive is ¬q → ¬p.
Types of Statements
• What is the converse of the conditional statement “If it ices today, I
will play ice hockey tomorrow.”
a) “I will play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
b) “If I do not play ice hockey tomorrow, then it will not have iced
today.”
c) “If it does not ice today, then I will not play ice hockey tomorrow.”
d) “I will not play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
Types of Statements
• What is the converse of the conditional statement “If it ices today, I
will play ice hockey tomorrow.”
a) “I will play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
b) “If I do not play ice hockey tomorrow, then it will not have iced
today.”
c) “If it does not ice today, then I will not play ice hockey tomorrow.”
d) “I will not play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: If p, then q has converse q → p
Types of Statements
• What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “I come to
class whenever there is going to be a test.”
a) “If I come to class, then there will be a test.”
b) “If I do not come to class, then there will not be a test.”
c) “If there is not going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
d) “If there is going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
Types of Statements
• What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “I come to
class whenever there is going to be a test.”
a) “If I come to class, then there will be a test.”
b) “If I do not come to class, then there will not be a test.”
c) “If there is not going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
d) “If there is going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: q whenever p, has contrapositive ¬q → ¬p
Types of Statements
• What are the inverse of the conditional statement “ A positive integer
is a composite only if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
a) “A positive integer is a composite if it has divisors other than 1 and
itself.”
b) “If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it
is not composite.”
c) “If a positive integer is not composite, then it has no divisors other
than 1 and itself.”
d) None of the mentioned
Types of Statements
• What are the inverse of the conditional statement “ A positive integer is a
composite only if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
a) “A positive integer is a composite if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
b) “If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it is not
composite.”
c) “If a positive integer is not composite, then it has no divisors other than 1
and itself.”
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: p only if q has inverse ¬p → ¬q
Types of Statements
• What are the converse of the conditional statement “When Raj stay
up late, it is necessary that Raj sleep until noon.”
a) “If Raj stay up late, then Raj sleep until noon.”
b) “If Raj does not stay up late, then Raj does not sleep until noon.”
c) “If Raj does not sleep until noon, then Raj does not stay up late.”
d) “If Raj sleep until noon, then Raj stay up late.”
Types of Statements
• What are the converse of the conditional statement “When Raj stay
up late, it is necessary that Raj sleep until noon.”
a) “If Raj stay up late, then Raj sleep until noon.”
b) “If Raj does not stay up late, then Raj does not sleep until noon.”
c) “If Raj does not sleep until noon, then Raj does not stay up late.”
d) “If Raj sleep until noon, then Raj stay up late.”
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Necessary condition for p is q has converse q → p
Types of Statements
• What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “Medha will
find a decent job when she labour hard.”?
a) “If Medha labour hard, then she will find a decent job.”
b) “If Medha will not find a decent job, then she not labour hard.”
c) “If Medha will find a decent job, then she labour hard.”
d) “If Medha not labour hard, then she will not find a decent job.”
Types of Statements
• What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “Medha will
find a decent job when she labour hard.”?
a) “If Medha labour hard, then she will find a decent job.”
b) “If Medha will not find a decent job, then she not labour hard.”
c) “If Medha will find a decent job, then she labour hard.”
d) “If Medha not labour hard, then she will not find a decent job.”
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: The statement q when p has its contrapositive as ¬q →
¬p
Types of Statements
• What are the inverse of the conditional statement “If you make your
notes, it will be a convenient in exams.”
a) “If you make notes, then it will be a convenient in exams.”
b) “If you do not make notes, then it will not be a convenient in
exams.”
c) “If it will not be a convenient in exams, then you did not make your
notes.”
d) “If it will be a convenient in exams, then you make your notes
Types of Statements
• What are the inverse of the conditional statement “If you make your
notes, it will be a convenient in exams.”
a) “If you make notes, then it will be a convenient in exams.”
b) “If you do not make notes, then it will not be a convenient in exams.”
c) “If it will not be a convenient in exams, then you did not make your
notes.”
d) “If it will be a convenient in exams, then you make your notes
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: If p then q has inverse ¬p → ¬q