PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING

OF SINGLE COLUMN OFFICE BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KANAKAVALLI.M (620115103047)
KAVI PRIYADHARSHINI.V (620115103053)
KOWSALYA.R (620115103057)
KOWSALYA.T (620115103058)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

AVS ENGINEERING COLLEGE,SALEM

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

OCTOBER 2018

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND

DESIGNING OF SINGLE COLUMN OFFICE BUILDING” is the bonafied
work of following students.

NAME Register No

M.KANAKAVALLI 620115103047
V.KAVI PRIYADHARSHINI 620115103053
R.KOWSALYA 620115103057
T.KOWSALYA 620115103058
Who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Prof.Mr.P.HARI,M.E., Prof Mr.R. SRINIVASAN,M.E.

SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineer Department of Civil Engineering
AVS Engineering College AVS Engineering College
Salem – 636 003 Salem – 636 003
Submitted for viva voice Examination held on ………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very indebted to our almighty for giving his blossoms to complete our
project in successful manner.

We take this opportunity to delicate our gratefulness to our correspondent

Mr. K.SENTHIL KUMAR, B.Tech. Who is being our progress with his own effort.

We are also taking this opportunity to delicate our gratefulness to our

honorable principal Dr.S.RAGUNATHAN, ME.,Ph.D., whose undying spirit is our
complimentary

We all express our sincere thanks and performed gratitude to our Head of
Department, Prof.R.SRINIVASAN,ME., Department of Civil Engineering for
providing all advice and excellent guidance throughout the project

We also extend our profound sense of thanks with deepest respect and gratitude
to our supervisor, Mr.P.HARI,ME., for her valuable guidance, useful criticism,
effective suggestions and kind advice in completing our project

We express our profound sense of thanks with deepest and gratitude to our
project co-coordinator Mrs. R.SIVAPRIYA,ME., Department of Civil Engineering for
her valuable and precious guidance for our project works.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT VI
LIST OF SYMBOLS VII

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 METHODOLOGY 4

3 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

4 PLAN 6

4.3 COLUMN LAYOUT 7

5 STADD PRO ANALYSIS 8

5.1 BENDING MOMNT DIAGRAM

5.1.1 BENDING MOMENT @ My 8

5.1.2 BENDING MOMENT @ Mz 9

5.2 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

5.2.1 SHEAR FORCE @ Fy 10

5.2.2 SHEAR FORCE @ Fz 11

5.3 TORSION DIAGRAM 12

5.4 DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM 13

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6 STADD PRO DESIGN OF BEAM AND COLUMN 14

7 DESIGN OF SLAB 83

8 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 86

9 DESIGN OF FOOTING 9 1

10 CONCLUSION 9 9

11 REFERENCE 100

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 ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this project is to gain sufficient knowledge in

planning, analysis, and designing of building and design of a structure and to
have clear knowledge about computer software like AUTOCAD, STADD Pro.
Our project deals with the plan and design of a single column Office building. It
is a reinforced concrete framed structure consisting of Ground with adequate
facilities. IS 456: 2000 cods is the basic code for general construction in
concrete structures, hence all the structural members are designed using limit
state method in accordance with the IS 456:2000 code and design aids. The
planning of any building in India will be recognized by National Building Code
of India. The single column office building has proper ventilation, it is provided
with sufficient doors, windows, water supply and electrification are provided.

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS

Ast - Area Of steel reinforcement.

Ac - Area of concrete.

Ag - Gross area of section.

Bw - Breadth of web.

Bf - Effective width of flange.

Df - Depth of flange.

Dw - Depth of web.

d - Effective depth.

D - Over all depth of beam or slab.

Ex - Eccentricity with respect to xx axis.

Ey - Eccentricity with respect to yy axis.

FEM - Fixed end moment.

fck - Characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete.

Fy - Characteristic strength of steel.

K - Flexural strength.

Lx - Effective length of shorter span of the slab.

Ly - Effective length of longer span of the slab.

Leff - Effective length of beam on slab column.

Mu - Ultimate bending moment.

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Mux - Design moment along xx axis.

Muy ` - Design moment along yy axis.

Muxl - Maximum uniaxial moment capacity of the section With axial

. load bending about xx axis

Muyl - Maximum uniaxial moment capacity of the section with axial

load bending about yy axis.

P - Axial load.

Pu - Design axial load for limit state design.

Qo - Calculated maximum bearing pressure of soil.

Pt - Percentage of reinforcement.

Sv - Spacing of stirrups.

S.B.C - Safe bearing capacity of soil.

Vu - Shear force due to design loads.

Vs - Strength of shear reinforcement.

V - Shear force.

- Shear stress.2

Lef - Effective span of a column or beam.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1GENERAL

The aim of this project is to design a single column building for office
purpose, taking Earthquake load into consideration. The height of each floor is
3.5m from floor level to top of the roof slab. The basement height of the
building is 2m from ground floor. It is provided with R.C.C. roof slab
supported on R.C.C frames and masonry infill. The main outer walls and cross
walls are 230mm thick brick masonry in cement mortar. The slab, beams,
columns, staircase and footings are designed as per IS 456-2000. The designs
are based on the limit state design method. Imposed and dead loads are only
considered for design excluding the earthquake and wind loads. The drawings
are prepared using AutoCAD.

The building includes the following:

 Reception
 Staff cabin
 Meeting room
 Manager room
 Toilet

1.2 DESIGN

Design plays an important role in the performance of any structure. The

aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an
appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations
of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate
resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. Designs of all the structural
elements are done as follows.

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1.3 SLAB

The thickness of the slab to be provided is 125mm. The slab is designed as

two way slab by limit state method using M25 concrete and Fe415 steel
adopting the guidelines of IS 456 and SP-16.

1.4 BEAM

The beams are designed to support a given system of loads such as walls,
slabs and floor. The cross sectional dimensions are assumed based on
serviceability requirements. The reinforcements in beams are designed for
flexure and shear force along the length of the beam based on the results of
structural analysis for limit state of collapse. The designed beam is checked for
the limit state of serviceability and safety.

1.5 COLUMN

They are designed as biaxial column with respect to the loads and
moment acting on it. The most critical column in each type of the column is
designed separately and the best section is provided for the entire structure.

1.6 FOOTING

Isolated rectangular footing is provided. The depth of footing provided is

600mm. The footing is checked for flexure, transverse shear and punching
shears.

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1.7 LOAD CALCULATION

Dead load, live load, wind load and earthquake load are considered. The
dead load for the frames is calculated from the weight of the elements like the
walls, slabs, beams and columns.

1.8 STAAD Pro. ANALYSIS

Complete structure is modeled using STAAD Pro. Software and analysis

is done for the complete structure. The max BM and SF acting on a member for
design purpose is obtained from STAAD Pro.

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 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION

PLANNING

ANALYSIS

DESIGN

CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMANDATION

4
 CHAPTER 3

LITRATURE REVIEW

Chen and constainou (1998) studied that the practical system deliberately
introduces flexibility to the sloping ground storey of structures was described. The
system utilizes Teflon slides to carry a portion of the superstructure. Energy
dissipation is provided by the ground ductile columns and by the Teflon slides.
Utilizing this concept the seismic response characteristics of a multistory frame are
analyzed an discussed. The results show that it is possible to provide safely to the
superstructure while maintaining the stability of the ground storey.

Chandrasekaran and Rao (2002) investigated analysis and the design of

multi- storied RCC buildings for seismicity. Reinforced concrete multi- storied
buildings very complex to model as structural system for analysis. Usually, they are
modeled as two-dimensional or three- dimensional frame , systems are in to plane and
slope with different angles 5, 10, 15. Analyze multistoried buildings in the country for
seismic forces and comparing the axial force, shear force, moment, nodal
displacement, stress in beam and support reaction compared to current version of the
IS: 1893-2002 to the last version IS: 1893- 1984.

Birajdar B.G.(2004) presented the results from seismic analyses performed

on 24 RC buildings with three different co figurations like, step back building; step
back building and set back building are presented. 3-D analysis including tensional
effect has been carried out by using response properties i.e. fundamental time period,
to storey displacement and, the base shear action included in columns have been
studied with reference to the suitability of a building configuration on sloping ground.
It is observed that step back buildings are found to be more suitable on sloping
ground.

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 CHAPTER 4

PLAN

4.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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4.3 COLUMN LAYOUT

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 CHAPTER 5

STADD PRO ANALYSIS

5.1 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

5.1.1 BENDING MOMENT @My

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5.1.2 BENDING MOMENT @Mz

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5.2 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

5.2.1 SHEAR FORCE @Fy

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5.2.2 SHEAR FORCE @Fz

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5.3 TORSION

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5.4 DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM

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 CHAPTER 6

STADD PRO DESIGN OF BEAM AND COLUMN

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BEAM REINFORCEMENT

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COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

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BENDING MOMENT AND REINFORCEMENT

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 CHAPTER 7

DESIGN OF SLAB

The triangular slab is designed based on yield line theory. The design
moment for triangular slab based on yield line theory.

i.e.,

Where,
Wu = collapse load
L = length of slab
Mu = Design moment

Total load acting on slab = Dead load + Live load

= 5+4.5
=9.5
=10 KN/m^2
Factored load =1.5x10
=15KN/m^2

=22.5KN/m

Mu= 22.5X10^6 Nmm

Depth of slab= 100mm

Effective depth, d=80mm

Breadth, b= 1000mm

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Percentage of reinforcement in slab

√ ( )

√ ( )

=0.0122

=0.0122

Ast =0.0122X1000X80

=976mm^2/m

Required spacing of 10mm diameter bar (double layer)

= 160.9mm

Provide 2 layer of 10mm diameter of bars at 150mm spacing.

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 CHAPTER 8

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

10.2 DESIGN:

DATA:
Stair Room Size Length = 6 m
Width = 3 m
Vertical Distance Between The Floors = 3.5 m
Assume Rise = 0.15 m
Fck = 25 N/mm2
Fe = 415 N/mm2

No Of Rise Required = 24 no’s

No Of Rise Required For Each Flight = 12 no’s
No Of Tread Required For Each Flight = 11
Assume Tread = 0.35 m
Length Of Flight = 3.3 m
Width Of Landing = 1.35 m
Width Of Staircase = 3.0 m
Going Span G = 3.3 m
Effective Span = 6.23 m
Load Calculation:
1. Dead Load Of Steps For 1m Length = 8.12 KN/m
2. DL Of Waist Slab
Assume Thickness Of Slab = 0.18 m
= (0.17x3x1x25)/Cosθ = 15/Cosθ
Tanθ = 0.40
= 23.75 deg
Cosθ = 0.915

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 D.L Of Waist Slab = 10.95 KN/m

3.Floor Finish

=
Assuming Floor Finish 1.25 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 3.6 KN/m
4. Live Load =
Live Load = 5 KN/m2
Total Load = 15.95 KN/m
Wu = Ww X 1.5 = 50.08 KN/m

Max BM Mu= Wu*L^2 / 8 = 111.72 KNm

𝑀𝑢
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞
3 𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏
Check For Depth:

Dreq = 201.19 mm
D Prove = 160 mm
Check Dreq < Dprov Safe

Calculation Of Ast:
Therefore Mu = 217.18 KNm

Ast,Req = 1117.86 mm2

Ast Min = 0.12% C/S = 300 mm2

Using 16 Mm Dia Bar, = 16 mm

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 Spacing = 150 mm
Max Spacing = 300 mm
Therfore Spacing Of Main Bars = 150 mm

Provide 16 Mm Dia Spacing @ 150 Mm C/C As Main Reinforcement

Distribution Steel Bars:

Ast Min = 390 mm2

Using 10 Mm Dia Bars, = 10 mm

Spacing = 200 mm
Max Spacing = 300 mm
Therefore Spacing Of DS Bars = 200 mm

Provide 10mm Dia Spacing @ 200 Mm C/C As Distribution Steel

Development Length

=
Ld 565mm
Check For Shear:
Vu = = 147.49 KN
Τv = Vu / Bd = 0.16 N/mm2

% Of Steel = 100 Ast Prov / Bd = 1.26

= % steel Ʈc
1.5 0.72
1.75 0.75

Ʈc = 0.69 N/mm2
Safe
Check Ʈv<Ʈc

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STAIR CASE REINFORCEMENT

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 CHAPTER 9

DESIGN OF FOOTING

Support reaction from STADD

Fx = 205 KN

Fy = 13862KN

Fz = 206KN

M = 1651KN

My = 0

Mz = 1642KNm

Since the support reactions are high deep foundation.

i.e., Pile foundation is used.

Type of pile = Bored cast insitu as per IS 2911:1980 (part II)

Diameter of pile = 500mm

Length of pile = 10m

Type of soil considered sandy soil.

Assume,

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Nq = 22.4,N , K =1(Earth pressure @ rest)

Ultimate bearing capacity of file

Qu = Qe + Qf

Where,

Qu = Ultimate end bearing resistance

Qf = Ultimate frictional resistance

Where,

q = Over burden pressure

= 0.01964

Qe = [(1/2 10 22.4) + (18 10 18.4)] 0.1964

= [2016 + 13248] 0.1964

= 2601.9KN

Qf=∑ tan (K=1, )

=18 10

Qf = 1 3

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 = 816.2KN

Qu = 2601.9 + 816.2

= 3418KN 3

FOS= 2

Qall =

Lateral load carrying capacity of piles:

Lateral deflection, y=5mm

Constant modulus of subgrade reaction, =0.525kg/

(IS2911-part III for sandy soil)

Modulus of Elasticity, E=5000 √

=5000 √

= 25000N/

=250000kg/

Moment of Inertia of pile,I= /6

= /64

=3.0664

=3.0664

Characteristic Length, R=

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 =171cm

Free length of pile above ground, = 0 cm

=0

n = 2.15

=n T

= 2.15

= 367.6 cm

Lateral load carrying capacity of pile =

= 9260kg

= 92.6KN

Structural design of pile:

Vertical load carrying capacity,Qs =1700KN

Lateral load carrying capacity, =92.6KN

Fixed end moment, Mf= )/2

=170.2 KNM

= /T

=0/170.96

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Moment Reduction Factor,m=0.82

Effective cover = 40mm

d’ = 40+ 8

= 48 mm

D = 500 mm

= = 0.096

=25 N
=500N/

Factored load = 1700

= 2550KN

Factored moment = 139.56 1.5

= 209.35 KNm

= = 196350

V= =

=0.519

U= =

= 0.085

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Area of steel required =

= 2839

Hence provide 16 numbers of 16 mm diameter bars.

Provide = 3216.9

Lateral ties for pile shall not be more than

1. Least lateral dimension = 500 mm.

2. 6 times diameter of reinforcement = 16 16 = 256 mm.
3. Not more than 300mm = 300mm.

Hence provided 8 mm stirrups @ 250 mm center to center.

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT

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 CHAPTER 10

CONCLUTION

Single column structure has been designed successfully to withstand all loads
including earthquake and wind load. Single column structure is 20% more costly
when compared with multi column structure. Single column structure provides better
architectural view and free ground space even though it costs bit more than multi
column structure. It reduces the area of land for foundation. The rapid increases in
population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology
and high rice commercial structure. For aesthetic appearance we create our building
supported by a single column.

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 CHAPTER 11

REFERENCE

 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES &

RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Design of multistoried R.C.C Buildings
with and without Shear Walls M.S.Aainawalka Dr.P.S.Pajgade Size of
members like column can be reduced economically in case of structure
with shear wall as compared to the same structures without shear wall.

 YUN, hyun-do, CHOL, Chang-sik and LEE, Li- hyung, “Earthquake

performance of high strength concrete structural walls with boundary
elements” 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
Vancouver,B.C., Canada August 1-6,2004.

 Anshuman. S, Dipendu Bhunia, BhavinRamjiyani, “Solution of Shear

Wall Location Multi-Storey Building” international journal of civil and
structural engineering, volume 2, no 2, 2011

 Varsha R. Harne, “Comparative study of strength of RC Shear wall at

different location on multistoried residential building” International
Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5,
Number 4 (2014), pp. 391-400.

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