—

RELION® PRODUCT FAMILY

Grid Automation
REC615 and RER615
IEC 60870-5-101/104 Communication
Protocol Manual
 Document ID: 1MRS758756
Issued: 2018-08-31
Revision: A
Product version: 2.0

© Copyright 2018 ABB. All rights reserved

Copyright
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party,
nor used for any unauthorized purpose.

The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and
may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Trademarks
ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or
product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.

Warranty
Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative.

www.abb.com/substationautomation
Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or
product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties.
All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must
satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and acceptable, including
that any applicable safety or other operational requirements are complied with. In
particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/or product failure
would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but not limited to
personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity
applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that
all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.

This product has been designed to be connected and communicate data and
information via a network interface which should be connected to a secure network.
It is the sole responsibility of the person or entity responsible for network
administration to ensure a secure connection to the network and to take the necessary
measures (such as, but not limited to, installation of firewalls, application of
authentication measures, encryption of data, installation of anti virus programs, etc.)
to protect the product and the network, its system and interface included, against any
kind of security breaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or
theft of data or information. ABB is not liable for any such damages and/or losses.

This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to
notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no
event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use
of this manual or the application of the equipment.
Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC Directive 2014/30/EU) and concerning electrical equipment for
use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2014/35/EU). This
conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product
standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN
60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The product is designed in
accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series.
 Table of contents

Table of contents

Section 1 Introduction.......................................................................3
This manual........................................................................................ 3
Intended audience.............................................................................. 3
Product documentation.......................................................................4
Product documentation set............................................................4
Document revision history............................................................. 4
Related documentation..................................................................5
Symbols and conventions...................................................................5
Symbols.........................................................................................5
Document conventions.................................................................. 5

Section 2 IEC 60870-5 overview...................................................... 7

IEC 60870-5 protocol..........................................................................7
Transmission...................................................................................... 7
Unbalanced transmission.............................................................. 8
Balanced transmission.................................................................. 8
Basic application functions................................................................. 9
Data acquisition............................................................................. 9
Event acquisition........................................................................... 9
Interrogation................................................................................ 10
Clock synchronization..................................................................10
Command transmission...............................................................10
Transmission of integrated totals.................................................11
Changes in protocol and link parameters.................................... 11
Acquisition of transmission delay................................................ 11

Section 3 Vendor-specific implementation..................................... 13

Product series implementation......................................................... 13
Internal IEC 61850 data modeling............................................... 13
Instances..................................................................................... 13
Selecting between IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104....... 13
Configuring....................................................................................... 14
Configuring IEC 60870-5-101......................................................14
Configuring IEC 60870-5-104......................................................14
Troubleshooting...........................................................................15
Event overflow handling................................................................... 15
Overflow mode............................................................................ 15
Overflow indication addresses.....................................................16
Overflow situation clearing.......................................................... 16
Supported data types ...................................................................... 16

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Table of contents

Indications (MSP, MDP).............................................................. 16

Measurements (MMENA, MMENB, MMENC, MMEND)............. 17
Control objects (CSC, CDC)........................................................18
Packed protection events (MEPTB, MEPTC)..............................18
Integrated totals (MIT)................................................................. 19
Addressing scheme.......................................................................... 20
Default addresses........................................................................20
Configuring communication options............................................ 20
Communication parameters............................................................. 20
Port.............................................................................................. 20
ClientIP........................................................................................ 20
End delay.....................................................................................21
Device address............................................................................21
ASDU address.............................................................................21
Link mode.................................................................................... 22
COT length.................................................................................. 22
IOA length....................................................................................22
Link address length..................................................................... 22
ASDU address length.................................................................. 23
Single-character response...........................................................23
Show bad time.............................................................................23
Time format................................................................................. 23
Event time....................................................................................24
Overflow mode............................................................................ 24
OvInd IOA....................................................................................24
OvInd NoGI IOA.......................................................................... 25
Event order.................................................................................. 25
Selection time-out........................................................................26
Cyclical period............................................................................. 26
Diagnostics....................................................................................... 26
Status.......................................................................................... 26
Received frames..........................................................................26
Transmitted frames......................................................................27
Physical errors.............................................................................27
Link errors....................................................................................27
Transport errors...........................................................................27

Section 4 IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 parameters..... 29

Parameter list................................................................................... 29
Monitored data..................................................................................30

Section 5 Glossary......................................................................... 31

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1MRS758756 A Section 1
Introduction

Section 1 Introduction

1.1 This manual

The communication protocol manual describes a communication protocol supported

by the protection relay. The manual concentrates on vendor-specific
implementations.

1.2 Intended audience

This manual addresses the communication system engineer or system integrator

responsible for pre-engineering and engineering the communication setup in a
substation from a protection relay's perspective.

The system engineer or system integrator must have a basic knowledge of

communication in protection and control systems and thorough knowledge of the
specific communication protocol.

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Introduction

1.3 Product documentation

1.3.1 Product documentation set

deinstallation & disposal

Decommissioning,
Commissioning

Maintenance
Engineering
Planning &

Installation

Operation
purchase
Quick start guide
Quick installation guide
Brochure
Product guide
Operation manual
Installation manual
Connection diagram
Engineering manual
Technical manual
Communication protocol manual
IEC 61850 Engineering guide
Point list manual

GUID-7414985D-2433-46E4-B77B-CCE64F6FC8D0 V2 EN

Figure 1: The intended use of documents during the product life cycle

Product series- and product-specific manuals can be downloaded

from the ABB Web site http://www.abb.com/relion.

1.3.2 Document revision history

Document revision/date Product version History
A/2018-08-31 2.0 First release

Download the latest documents from the ABB Web site

http://www.abb.com/substationautomation.

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Introduction

1.3.3 Related documentation

Name of the document Document ID
Modbus Communication Protocol Manual 1MRS758758
DNP3 Communication Protocol Manual 1MRS758757
IEC 61850 Engineering Guide 1MRS757809
Engineering Manual 1MRS757810
Installation Manual 1MRS757799
Operation Manual 1MRS758754
Technical Manual 1MRS758755

Product-specific point list manuals and other product series- and product-specific
manuals can be downloaded from the ABB Web site
http://www.abb.com/substationautomation.

1.4 Symbols and conventions

1.4.1 Symbols

The caution icon indicates important information or warning related

to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of
a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage to
equipment or property.

The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and

conditions.

The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your
project or how to use a certain function.

Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to understand

that under certain operational conditions, operation of damaged equipment may result
in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. Therefore,
comply fully with all warning and caution notices.

1.4.2 Document conventions

A particular convention may not be used in this manual.

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Introduction

• Abbreviations and acronyms are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also
contains definitions of important terms.
• The example figures illustrate the IEC display variant.
• Menu paths are presented in bold.
Select Main menu/Settings.
• LHMI messages are shown in Courier font.
To save the changes in nonvolatile memory, select Yes and press .
• Parameter names are shown in italics.
The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting.
• Parameter values are indicated with quotation marks.
The corresponding parameter values are "On" and "Off".
• Input/output messages and monitored data names are shown in Courier font.
When the function starts, the START output is set to TRUE.

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1MRS758756 A Section 2
IEC 60870-5 overview

Section 2 IEC 60870-5 overview

2.1 IEC 60870-5 protocol

The companion standards IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 are derived from
the IEC 60870-5 protocol standard definition. It specifies a functional profile for basic
telecontrol tasks.

The IEC 60870-5 protocol stack is based on the reduced reference model called
enhanced performance architecture (EPA). EPA includes three layers of the ISO-OSI
model.
• Application layer
• Link layer
• Physical layer

The IEC 60870-5 protocol is described by standard documents.

Table 1: Selected standard provision of the defined telecontrol companion standard
Selected application functions of IEC 60870-5-5 User process
Selected application information elements of IEC 60870-5-4 Application layer (7)
Selected application service data units of IEC 60870-5-3
Selected link transmission procedures of IEC 60870-5-2 Link layer (2)
Selected transmission frame formats of IEC 60870-5-1
Selected ITU-T recommendations Physical layer (1)

Application layer defines the information elements for structuring application data
and the communication service functions. The user process describes an assortment of
basic application functions.

Link layer defines the frame formats and the transmission procedures of the IEC
communication.

Physical layer defines the hardware-dependent specifications of the IEC

60870-5-101/IEC 60870-5-104 communication interfaces.

2.2 Transmission

IEC 60870-5-101 allows two alternative transmission procedures, an unbalanced and

balanced, to be used in the communication between the controlling station (SCADA
system) and the controlled outstation.

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IEC 60870-5 overview

IEC 60870-5-104 IEC 60870-5-101

communication communication
Controlling stations
SCADA SCADA

Client Master

Server Slave
Outstations/Controlled stations

GUID-1183B151-5A3B-409F-8D7A-FFA21D5D06B5 V1 EN

Figure 2: Controlling stations and controlled stations in IEC 60870-5-101/104

communication

In this manual the master device is referred to as the controlling station

or the client and the slave. The slave device in turn as the outstation,
controlled station or server. Terms vary depending on the IEC
60870-5-101 or IEC 60870-5-104 communication or on the balanced
or unbalanced mode.

2.2.1 Unbalanced transmission

When using unbalanced transmission, the controlling station controls the data traffic
by polling the controlled outstations sequentially. In this case, the controlling station
initiates all the message transfers while the controlled outstations can transmit only in
response to the message from the controlling station.
Table 2: Supported transmission services initiated by the controlling station
Service Purpose
SEND/NO REPLY For global messages and for cyclic set-point commands from the
controlling station
SEND/CONFIRM For control commands and set-point commands from the controlling
station
REQUEST/RESPOND For polling data from the controlled outstations

2.2.2 Balanced transmission

When using balanced transmission, each station can initiate message transfer. The
stations may act simultaneously as controlling stations and controlled outstations.

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IEC 60870-5 overview

Therefore they are called combined stations. In this manual, a combined station is
called either a controlling station or a controlled outstation according to its function in
the message exchange.

The balanced transmission is restricted to point-to-point and to multiple point-to-point

configurations.

The balanced transmission supports SEND/CONFIRM and SEND/NO REPLY

transmission services. The SEND/NO REPLY transmission service can be initiated
only by a controlling station with a broadcast address in a multiple point-to-point
configuration.

2.3 Basic application functions

2.3.1 Data acquisition

The data delivered by a controlled outstation can be replies to commands or process
values which are collected cyclically, upon change, or upon request from the
controlling station.

All the data is buffered in the controlled outstation because the data may appear faster
than the communication link is able to transfer it to the controlling station.

When unbalanced transmission is used on the link layer, the buffered data must be
polled by the controlling station. The controlled outstation must always wait for a
request for transmission from the controlling station.

When balanced transmission is used on the link layer, the buffered data is transmitted
by the controlled outstation to the controlling station without a delay.

2.3.2 Event acquisition

Events occur spontaneously at the controlled outstation's application level. The events
are buffered in the controlled outstation because the events may appear faster than the
communication link is able to transfer them.

When unbalanced transmission is used on the link layer, the buffered events must be
polled by the controlling station. The controlled outstation must always wait for a
request for transmission from the controlling station.

When balanced transmission is used on the link layer, the buffered events are
sequentially, without a delay, transmitted by the controlled outstation to the
controlling station.

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IEC 60870-5 overview

2.3.3 Interrogation
The controlled outstation's interrogation function is used for updating the controlling
station after an internal station initialization, or when the controlling station detects
loss of information.

When the function is used, the controlling station requests the controlled outstations
to transmit the actual values of all their process variables. Normally, the amount of
information is known by the application functions in both the controlling stations and
controlled outstations. The interrogation can be done either by an interrogation group
(1…16) at a time or all groups at once (general).

2.3.4 Clock synchronization

The clock of the controlled outstation has to be synchronized with the clock of the
controlling station. Clock synchronization provides accurate time tags for events and
information objects that are transmitted to the controlling station or logged locally.

After system initialization, the clocks are initially synchronized by the controlling
station. After that, the clocks are periodically resynchronized by transmission of a
clock synchronization command (C_CS ACT).

The time information must always be corrected either by the controlling station before
sending or by the outstation when an ASDU with a time tag is received. A delay
acquisition command can be used to define the measured or estimated transmission
delay in the outstation. The command provides time compensation for the
transmission time on the outstation.

2.3.5 Command transmission

A command is used in telecontrol systems to change the state of operational
equipment, for example, a circuit breaker or a disconnector. A command may be
initiated by an operator or by automatic supervisory procedures in the controlling
station. Provision against unauthorized access or against unwanted actions are
system- or process-dependent.

The two standard procedures for command transmission are Direct command and
Select and execute command.

Direct commands are used by the controlling station to immediately control

operations in the controlled outstations. For safety reasons, the controlled outstation's
application function checks the permissibility and the validity of the received
command message and operates if the check results are positive.

The two-step command Select and execute is used for a number of things.

• Prepare a specified control operation in a controlled outstation

• Check that the correct control operation is prepared
• Execute the command

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IEC 60870-5 overview

The preparation is checked by an operator or by an application procedure. The

controlled outstation does not start the control operation until it has received the
correct execution indication. The command transmission is confirmed to the
controlled outstation by an activation confirmation response. After the command is
executed, an activation termination response is sent to the controlling station.

2.3.6 Transmission of integrated totals

An integrated total is a value that is integrated over a specified time period. The
specific clock times and the periodic time interval of successive acquisitions of the
integrated totals are system parameters. There are two methods for acquiring counter
information.

• Acquisition of integrated totals (Freeze-and-Read)

• Acquisition of incremental information (Clear-and-Read)

2.3.7 Changes in protocol and link parameters

When the values of the protocol and link parameters are changed, the new values take
effect after they have been committed.

2.3.8 Acquisition of transmission delay

The value of time correction is determined by the sum of the transmission delay and
the internal equipment delay. The transmission delay is a value which can be acquired
either separately by parameterization, or via a dynamic procedure initiated by the
controlling station.

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12
1MRS758756 A Section 3
Vendor-specific implementation

Section 3 Vendor-specific implementation

3.1 Product series implementation

3.1.1 Internal IEC 61850 data modeling

The protection relay is natively using the IEC 61850 data model for data processing.
In practice, some data which is not used by the system database might not be available.
Furthermore, the data must be enabled in an IEC 61850 data set to be able to be
reported by IEC 60870-5-101/104.

3.1.2 Instances
The protocol can be run as multiple instances. Each instance has its own database and
therefore all the data accesses are independently managed. For example, if a client is
not available for event receiving, that does not affect the data buffering for other
clients.

Every instance has independent configuration and data object mapping. It is possible
to build a configuration where the amount of information objects is different for the
clients. For example, a client with slow connection receives only the most important
data.

Currently the maximum number of instances is two.

3.1.3 Selecting between IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104

All available protocol instances support both the IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC
60870-5-104 communication. The communication is selected in the Port
configuration parameter.

Some parameters are applicable only to either one of the protocols.

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3.2 Configuring

In this document it is assumed that all unmentioned setting parameters

remain at their default values.

3.2.1 Configuring IEC 60870-5-101

To configure one protocol instance to work as IEC 60870-5-101 slave, configure the
parameters to enable basic communication.

• Port
According to the physical wiring, set either to "IEC101-COM1" or "IEC101-
COM2". Set the correct serial mode and communication baud rate under COM1/
COM2 settings.
Check the communication card jumpers. See the technical manual for details.
• Device Address
Set to match the address set in the master.
• ASDU Address
Usually ASDU Address is the same as device address.
• Link Mode
If the system is configured to use unbalanced communication, set Link Mode to
"Unbalanced". Otherwise, no change is needed.
• COT Length
Usually set to 1. This setting must have the same value in the master and slave
devices.
• IOA Length
Usually, set to 2. This setting must have the same value in the master and slave
devices.
• Link Address Length
Usually set to 1. This setting must have the same value in the master and slave
devices.
• ASDU Address Length
Usually set to 1. This setting must have the same value in the master and slave
devices.

3.2.2 Configuring IEC 60870-5-104

To configure one protocol instance to work as the IEC 60870-5-104 server, configure
the parameters to enable basic communication.

• Port
Set to "IEC104 - Ethernet".
• Client IP
Set to match the IP address of the client device.
• ASDU Address

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Vendor-specific implementation

Set to match the address set in the client.

• COT Length
Usually set to 2. This setting must have the same value in the client and server
devices.
• IOA Length
Usually, set to 3. This setting must have the same value in the client and server
devices.
• Link Address Length
Usually set to 2. This setting must have the same value in the client and server
devices.
• ASDU Address Length
Usually set to 2. This setting must have the same value in the client and server
devices.

3.2.3 Troubleshooting
After setting the communication parameters correctly, check the communication.

• Use the communication card LEDs to diagnose if the messages are transmitted
and received.
• Check the diagnostics counters available in the protection relay's Monitoring
section.
• Check also that the other settings for the protocol instance match the controlling
station database configuration.

3.3 Event overflow handling

The IEC 60870-5-101/104 standard does not specify any particular method for
detecting event overflows. In this protection relay, special single-point indication
objects have been defined for this purpose.

The protection relay can store up to 500 IEC 60870-5-101/104 events

per object type.

3.3.1 Overflow mode

The protocol instance can be configured to keep either the newest or the oldest events
in case of buffer overflow. The event buffer overflows typically in a situation where
a lot of signals change at the same time and the controlling station is not able to fetch
all the event reports quickly enough. In these cases, the events that occurred in that
critical moment are the most important. It is recommended to use the mode for
keeping the oldest events. In addition, in this mode the protection relay can be
configured to generate an event buffer overflow indication. After receiving overflow

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indication, the controlling station can interrogate the protection relay to ensure data
integrity.

3.3.2 Overflow indication addresses

If the mode for keeping the oldest events is enabled, the protection relay sends an event
buffer overflow indication. If the lost event is included in the interrogation list, the
protection relay sends the indication event with the address configured as “OvInd
IOA”. If the data is not available for interrogation, the protection relay uses address
configured as “OvInd NoGI IOA”. Both indications are sent if there are multiple
events lost fulfilling both of the criteria.

Knowing that the missed data is not included in the interrogation list, the controlling
station can skip interrogation. If the addresses are configured as same (default), only
one indication is sent regardless if the data is included in the interrogation or not.

3.3.3 Overflow situation clearing

Overflow situation clearing is applicable only for the mode for

keeping oldest events.

After the event buffer overflow is cleared, the protection relay discards new events for
three seconds to allow the controlling station to start fetching the events and to free
space in the event buffer. Otherwise, the event buffer overflows immediately again
and the communication is disturbed more.

3.4 Supported data types

The available IEC 60870-5-101/104 application data objects in this protection relay
have been premapped to some default addresses. In any case, by using the
Communication Management tool in PCM600, the objects inside the 16 bit protocol
address space can be freely removed, added or relocated.

3.4.1 Indications (MSP, MDP)

The protection relay supports both single and double-bit indications with a
configurable time stamp format.

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Table 3: Information type for point indications

Type Label Information object Time stamp format
1 M_SP_NA_1 Single-point
information
2 M_SP_TA_1 Single-point Short
information with time
30 M_SP_TB_1 Single-point Full
information with
CP56Time2a time
3 M_DP_NA_1 Double-point
information
4 M_DP_TA_1 Double-point Short
information with time
31 M_DP_TB_1 Double-point Full
information with
CP56Time2a time

3.4.2 Measurements (MMENA, MMENB, MMENC, MMEND)

Measurements related to current and voltage values are transmitted as primary values
by default. However, with the Communication Management tool in PCM600 it is
possible to change the measurements into relative pu values. Additionally, the
Communication Management tool also provides a separate rescaling option for all of
the analog values.

Futhermore, it is possible to define how the data is to be transmitted, that is, either as
change events or cyclical data. With change event, it is possible to add an additional
deadband and a sending interval for the transmission. The sending interval guarantees
that data is not transmitted more often than defined by the interval setting.
Table 4: Information type for measured values
Type Label Information object Time stamp format
13 M_ME_NC_1 Measured value, short
float32 value
36 M_ME_TC_1 Measured value, short Full
float32 value with
CP56Time2a time
9 M_ME_NA_1 Measured value,
normalized value
10 M_ME_TA_1 Measured value, Short
normalized value with
time
34 M_ME_TD_1 Measured value, Full
normalized value with
CP56Time2a time
Table continues on next page

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Type Label Information object Time stamp format

11 M_ME_NB_1 Measured value,
scaled value
12 M_ME_TB_1 Measured value, Short
scaled value with time
35 M_ME_TE_1 Measured value, Full
scaled value with
CP56Time2a time

The time format can be changed to "short time" in case of an older IEC
60870-5-101 system that does not support floating-point measured
values or full CP56Time2a time.

3.4.3 Control objects (CSC, CDC)

Two types of control objects are available. Single-bit controls are normally used for
setting group selection and clearing the indication LEDs or recorded data.

Double-bit controls relate to circuit breaker or disconnector controlling. The

controllable object can be configured to be in the direct or the select-before-operate
(SBOW) mode. The IEC 60870-5-101/104 implementation allows both controlling
mechanisms in both cases.

A command can be rejected for several reasons.

• Control direction is wrong.
• Legal values for double-bit controls are 1 and 2. Both 0 and 3 are rejected.
• Control object is set to "Status-only".
• Control operation is rejected by the controllable object itself because of, for
example, interlocking.

Table 5: Information type for control objects

Type Label Information object
45 C_SC_NA_1 Single command
46 C_DC_NA_1 Double command

3.4.4 Packed protection events (MEPTB, MEPTC)

The protection pickup/trip signals are reported as packed protection events.

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3.4.5 Integrated totals (MIT)

The values of the integrated totals' counter follow the range of the IEC 61850 level
source counters. Therefore, the counter rollover value may not be the maximum
integer value, which usually is assumed in this protocol.

Through the Communication Management tool in PCM600, the integrated totals'

counters may freely be located to any integrated totals' group. Counters within the
same group can be reset at the same time. On the IEC 61850 level, several counters can
be tied to the same reset command point. If this is the case, the counters are reset as one
group, even if they reside in different integrated totals' groups. Information about the
reset being done point-wise or for the whole LN at a time can be found in the IEC
61850 data model.
Table 6: Commands
Operation Description
Read The reading operation causes the integrated totals to be interrogated. The
protection relay sends the values after the Read command.
Reset The integrated totals can be cleared by the Reset command. The Reset
command is not only for IEC 60870-5-101/104. It clears the counter values
globally in the protection relay.
Freeze With the Freeze command, the protection relay copies the momentary values
and stores them as frozen. Later, the frozen values can be read with the Read
command.

Table 7: Information type for integrated totals

Type Label Information object Time stamp format
15 M_IT_NA_1 Integrated totals
16 M_IT_TA_1 Integrated totals with Short
time
37 M_IT_TB_1 Integrated totals with Full
CP56Time2a time

The counters can be configured to be reset one group at a time.

However, the grouping might be limited internally so that multiple
counters are tied to the same reset command point. In this case, those
counters are reset as one group, even if they are set to different groups
in the Communication Management tool. Information about the reset
being done point-wise or for the whole LN at a time can be found in
the IEC 61850 data model.

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3.5 Addressing scheme

3.5.1 Default addresses

There are some protection functions which are not available in this protection relay,
but might be available in other protection relays in the product series. The main
principle is to keep the data mapped in a consistent way in the whole product series,
which means that there are some gaps in the address range. The addresses are laid in
a structured form to have a different address range for the different information object
types. Some data points may be unused by default and thus no default address is
defined for them.

3.5.2 Configuring communication options

• Configure the communication options by using LHMI, WHMI or PCM600 to set
the parameters in Configuration/Communication/IEC60870-5-101/104.
• For remapping the data object, use the Communication Management tool in
PCM600.

3.6 Communication parameters

All the parameter names have a number in the end of the caption. The
setting affects only to the protocol instance marked by the number.

3.6.1 Port
• NONE (default)
• IEC101 - COM1
• IEC101 - COM2
• IEC104 - Ethernet

The setting enables/disables the protocol instance and defines the link layer.

3.6.2 ClientIP

Applicable for IEC 60870-5-104 only.

The setting defines the IP address of the client. If the protocol instance is enabled, the
ClientIP setting must be different from other instances’ ClientIPs. The meaning of the
parameter depends on the link mode.

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In the balanced mode, ClientIP is the address where the protection relay tries to
connect when the communication is started. Once connected, the communication
continues with that client.

In the unbalanced mode, ClientIP defines the address from where the client’s
communication initiative is accepted. If the protocol instance's ClientIP setting does
not match with the client's, the protection relay does not respond.

3.6.3 End delay

Applicable for IEC 60870-5-101 only.

• Min: 0
• Max: 20
• Default: 4
• Unit: characters at the current baud rate

The setting defines the maximum allowed time between the characters in the IEC101
frame. If this setting is too low, the protection relay may interpret incoming message
as multiple frames, which causes discarding of the frame. If the link uses, for example,
radio modem, it might be needed to adjust the End delay setting to a higher value. The
delay time is defined in characters at the current baud rate.

3.6.4 Device address

• Min: 1
• Max: 255/65535
• Default: 1

The address setting is the identification number of the device. This setting must match
the address defined in the controlling station configuration. The maximum value of
this setting depends on the link address length.

3.6.5 ASDU address

• Min: 1
• Max: 255/65535
• Default: 1

Each device on the communication network has a common address of ASDU. The
ASDU address setting must match the address defined in the controlling station
configuration. The maximum value of this setting depends on the ASDU address
length.

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3.6.6 Link mode

• Unbalanced (default)
• Balanced

The setting defines the link mode. In the unbalanced mode, the protection relay listens
for the controlling station commands and responds when needed. In the balanced
mode, the protection relay opens the connection and sends a spontaneous report when
something happens.

3.6.7 COT length

• Min: 1
• Max: 2
• Default: 1
• Unit: bytes

Many communication frames include the cause of transmission information (COT).

The length of COT element is configurable and should be set to same value throughout
the network. Typical values are ‘1’ for IEC 60870-5-101 and ‘2’ for IEC
60870-5-104.

3.6.8 IOA length

• Min: 1
• Max: 3
• Default: 2
• Unit: bytes

For the communication frames, the information object address (IOA) length is
configurable and should be set to the same value throughout the network. Typical
values are “2” for IEC 60870-5-101 and “3” for IEC 60870-5-104.

3.6.9 Link address length

• Min: 1
• Max: 2
• Default: 1
• Unit: bytes

In a communication frame, the destination address is defined. The length of a link

address element is configurable and should be set to same value throughout the
network. Typical values are “1” for IEC 60870-5-101 and “2” for IEC 60870-5-104.

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3.6.10 ASDU address length

• Min: 1
• Max: 2
• Default: 1
• Unit: bytes

In some communication frames, the ASDU address is defined. The length of an ASDU
address element is configurable and should be set to the same value throughout the
network. Typical values are “1” for IEC 60870-5-101 and “2” for IEC 60870-5-104.

3.6.11 Single-character response

Applicable only for IEC 60870-5-101.

• Enabled
• Disabled (default)

The setting allows the protection relay to respond with a single-character response for
some acknowledgement frames. If used, the master must also support this feature.

3.6.12 Show bad time

• Enabled (default)
• Disabled

If the protection relay time is not synchronized properly, the time quality is marked as
bad or inaccurate. The time quality is indicated as a flag in the changed data report. If
the Show bad time setting is set to "Disabled", the protection relay does not indicate
the bad time flag, which may be useful in some systems. If the time quality indication
is disabled, the controlling station is not able to trust the time-stamped event
correctness.

3.6.13 Time format

• Short: 24 bit
• Full: 56 bit
• Default: 56 bit

There are two different time stamp formats used in the IEC 60870-5 standard. The
shorter format includes only the time, and the full format includes both the date and the
time. The changed data reports include the time stamp in the format specified with the
Time format setting.

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Select the time format which is supported by the controlling station.

Both time formats are supported for IEC 60870-5-101. However, only
the 56-bit format is supported for IEC 60870-5-104.

3.6.14 Event time

• Local
• UTC (default)

The setting selects between the time stamp modes for event reporting.

3.6.15 Overflow mode

• Oldest+Indication (default)
• Keep newest

The setting defines the handling of the event buffer overflow situation. In the oldest
+indication mode, the protection relay discards the newest events to protect the older
ones. In that mode, the protection relay generates an overflow indication event. The
keep newest mode is added for compatibility for the systems that prefer latest
information. In that case, the oldest events in the buffer are discarded.

3.6.16 OvInd IOA

Applicable only if the Overflow mode setting is set to “Oldest

+Indication”.

• Min: 0
• Max: 255/65535/16777215
• Default: 60000

The protection relay generates an overflow indication event with this address if the
lost event is included in any of the interrogation groups. Based on this information, the
controlling station requests for interrogation to get the latest momentary values.

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• If the OvInd IOA setting is set to 0, the overflow indication is disabled for the
points that are part of some interrogation groups.
• If the OvInd IOA setting is set to the same value as the OvInd NoGI IOA setting,
only one indication event is generated regardless of the point being included in
the interrogation group or not.
• The maximum value depends on the IOA length setting.

3.6.17 OvInd NoGI IOA

Applicable only if the Overflow mode setting is set to “Oldest

+Indication”.

• Min: 0
• Max: 255/65535/16777215
• Default: 60000

The protection relay generates an overflow indication event with this address if the
lost event is not included in any of the interrogation groups. Based on this information,
the controlling station knows that the interrogation is not needed because the missed
data is not updated anyway.

• If the OvInd NoGI IOA setting is set to zero, the overflow indication is disabled
for the points that are not part of some interrogation groups.
• If the OvInd NoGI IOA setting is set to the same value as the OvInd IOA setting,
only one indication event is generated regardless of the point being included in
the interrogation group or not.
• The maximum value depends on the IOA length setting.

3.6.18 Event order

• Accurate time (default)
• Preserve chronology

The protection relay has accurate time stamps for every data attribute which is part of
an IEC 61850 data set. Most of them are updated in a chronological manner. However,
there may be some special data items that do not have system-level time stamp
available, such as circuit breaker control return indication. If the controlling station
needs strictly chronological event buffering, the Event order setting should be set to
"Preserve chronology". If the events are collected to a SCADA system, which is able
to buffer and sort the received events at the system level, it is recommended to use
"Accurate time"instead.

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3.6.19 Selection time-out

• Min: 1
• Max: 65
• Default: 30
• Unit: seconds

This is the maximum time between the Select and Execute commands for the circuit
breaker controlling in the select-before-operate mode. The controllable object’s IEC
61850-level Selection time-out parameter is not used when the control is made from
the IEC 60870-5-101/104 protocol.

3.6.20 Cyclical period

• Min: 1
• Max: 604800
• Default: 10
• Unit: seconds

Cyclical period is the periodical timer for the cyclical data sending. The maximum of
604800 seconds means one week.

The cyclical period only affects the data that has been configured as cyclical in the
Communication Management tool in PCM600.

3.7 Diagnostics

All of the counters, with the exception of the Status point, show value "-1" when no
connection is established after the protection relay's restart.

3.7.1 Status
The Status setting value is “True” when the communication is active, that is, a
controlling station has been connected within the last 30 seconds. Otherwise it is
“False”.

It is possible to reset the diagnostic counters by setting the Status setting value to
"True".

3.7.2 Received frames

The Received frames counter shows the number of accepted frames received by the
protection relay since the last start-up or a diagnostic reset.

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3.7.3 Transmitted frames

The Transmitted frames counter shows the number of frames transmitted by the
protection relay since last the start-up or a diagnostic reset.

3.7.4 Physical errors

The Physical errors counter shows the number of detected errors on the physical layer
since last the startup or a diagnostic reset.

3.7.5 Link errors

The Link errors counter shows the number of detected errors on the link layer since the
last startup or a diagnostic reset.

3.7.6 Transport errors

The Transport errors counter shows the number of detected errors on the transport
layer since the last startup or a diagnostic reset.

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IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 parameters

Section 4 IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104

parameters

4.1 Parameter list

Table 8: IEC 60870-5-101/104 settings

Parameter Values (Range) Unit Step Default Description
Operation 1=on 5=off Selects if this protocol instance is enabled
5=off or disabled
Port 1=IEC101 - COM 1 3=IEC104 - Port selection
2=IEC101 - COM 2 Ethernet
3=IEC104 -
Ethernet
ClientIP 0.0.0.0 IP address of the client
TCP Port 0...65535 1 2404 Server TCP port
Start Delay 0...20 char 1 4 Frame start delay for serial
communication
End Delay 0...20 char 1 4 Frame end delay for serial communication
Device Address 1...65535 1 1 Device address
ASDU Address 1...65535 1 1 Common address of ASDU
Link Mode 0=Balanced 0=Balanced Link mode setting
1=Unbalanced
COT Length 1...2 1 1 Cause of transmission length
IOA Length 1...3 1 2 Information Object Address length
Link Address Length 1...2 1 1 Link Address Length
ASDU Address Length 1...2 1 1 ASDU Address Length
Single Char Resp 0=False 0=False Single character response enabled/
1=True disabled
Show Bad Time 0=False 1=True Enable/disable bad time quality indication
1=True in events
Time Format 0=Short 24bit 1=Full 56bit Time stamp format 3 or 7 octet
1=Full 56bit
Event Time 0=Local 1=UTC Selects between UTC/Local time
1=UTC
Overflow Mode 0=Oldest 0=Oldest Event buffer overflow handling
+indication +indication mechanism
1=Keep newest
OvInd IOA 0...16777215 1 60000 Overflow indication address for
interrogated data
OvInd NoGI IOA 0...16777215 1 60000 Overflow indication address for non-
interrogated data
Table continues on next page

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IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 parameters

Parameter Values (Range) Unit Step Default Description

Event Order 0=Accurate time 0=Accurate time Selects the event ordering principle
1=Preserve
chronology
Selection Timeout 1...65 s 1 30 Selection timeout for control SBO
operations
Counter Reporting 0=Read by master 0=Read by master Counter reporting after freeze
1=Spontaneous
Freeze mode 0=Not in use 0=Not in use Periodic freezing mode for integrated
1=Freeze only totals
2=Freeze and
Reset
TX window (k) 1...20 1 12 IEC60870-5-104 transmit window (k)
RX window (w) 1...20 1 8 IEC60870-5-104 receive window (w)
TX timeout (t1) 1...60000 ms 1 30000 IEC60870-5-104 transmit timeout (t1)
RX timeout (t2) 1...60000 ms 1 10000 IEC60870-5-104 receive timeout (t1)
Test interval (t3) 1...60000 ms 1 20000 IEC60870-5-104 link test interval (t3)
Cyclical Period 1...604800 1 10 Cyclical period in seconds
IT_FRZ 0=False 0=False Control point for freezing integrated totals
1=True
Inverted DIR bit 0=False 0=False Special mode for masters that require
1=True inverted DIR bit on Balanced IEC101 line.
If enabled, this protocol instance will be
non-compliant with the IEC 60870-5-101
standard.

4.2 Monitored data

Table 9: Protocol diagnostic counters

Name Type Values (range) Unit Description
Status 1 BOOLEAN 0=False Status
1=True
Received frames 1 INT32 -1...2147483646 Received frames
Transmitted frames INT32 -1...2147483646 Transmitted frames
1
Physical errors 1 INT32 -1...2147483646 Physical layer errors
Link errors 1 INT32 -1...2147483646 Link layer errors
Transport errors 1 INT32 -1...2147483646 Transport layer errors
Status 2 BOOLEAN 0=False Status
1=True
Received frames 2 INT32 -1...2147483646 Received frames
Transmitted frames INT32 -1...2147483646 Transmitted frames
2
Physical errors 2 INT32 -1...2147483646 Physical layer errors
Link errors 2 INT32 -1...2147483646 Link layer errors
Transport errors 2 INT32 -1...2147483646 Transport layer errors

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Glossary

Section 5 Glossary

ASDU Application-layer service data unit

Data set The content basis for reporting and logging containing
references to the data and data attribute values
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
EPA Enhanced performance architecture
Ethernet A standard for connecting a family of frame-based
computer networking technologies into a LAN
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEC 60870-5 IEC standard for telecontrol equipment and systems. Part
5 defines transmission protocols.
IEC 60870-5-101 Companion standard for basic telecontrol tasks
IEC 60870-5-104 Network access for IEC 60870-5-101
IEC 61850 International standard for substation communication and
modeling
LHMI Local human-machine interface
PCM600 Protection and Control IED Manager
SCADA Supervision, control and data acquisition
WHMI Web human-machine interface

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1MRS758756 A

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