Scribd
Upload
302 views32 pages

Ratio Proportion Percentage

Ratio is the relationship between two quantities of the same kind, expressed as a fraction. There are different types of ratios including compound, duplicate, reciprocal, and extended ratios. Proportion means the equality of two ratios, where four quantities are in proportion if the ratios of the first and second pair are equal. Percentage is a special type of ratio, where any fraction is converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100 and vice versa.

Uploaded by

Zaid Shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
302 views32 pages

Ratio Proportion Percentage

Ratio is the relationship between two quantities of the same kind, expressed as a fraction. There are different types of ratios including compound, duplicate, reciprocal, and extended ratios. Proportion means the equality of two ratios, where four quantities are in proportion if the ratios of the first and second pair are equal. Percentage is a special type of ratio, where any fraction is converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100 and vice versa.

Uploaded by

Zaid Shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

UNIT - I

RATIO, PROPORTION & PERCENTAGE


BY ESTHER RANI
RATIO
• RATIO
• IMPORTANT REMARKS OF RATIO
• TYPES OF RATIO
• CONTINUED RATIO
• PROPORTION
• VARIATION
• PERCENTAGE
RATIO

• THE RELATION BETWEEN TWO QUANTITIES ( a and b) of


the same kind or the same type, which expresses one
quantity (a) as a multiple or part of the other (b), is called
a ratio.
• It is written as a : b or a fraction a/b and is read as “a is
to b”.
https://pendulumedu.com/quantitative-aptitude/ratio-and-proportion-basics-tricks-formulas-notes
https://pt.slideshare.net/JeanAilynPitolan/ratio-and-proportion-13304863/8
IMPORTANT NOTE:

1. a and b must be of same kind.


Eg : ratio of no. of apple trees to no. of
apples.
Not ratio of apples to milk
IMPORTANT NOTE

2.If both the quantity have a unit, then It


should be same.
Eg : ratio of 200paise to 50paise.
IMPORTANT NOTE:

3. The units are not mentioned and the ratio


is expressed as a fraction comparing two
abstract numbers.
Eg: 200/50
IMPORTANT NOTE:

4. When a ratio is written as a fraction


a/b, it is generally written in lowest terms.
Eg: 15/10 = 3/2
IMPORTANT NOTE:

5. When we write 3/5, doesn’t mean the 1st quantity


is 3 and 2nd quantity is 5.
It rather means 1st and 2nd quantity is 3 times and 5
times some fixed measure say x.
thus, 1st quantity is 3x and 2nd quantity = 5x
IMPORTANT NOTE:

6. If a = b then ratio a : b is called as ratio of equality.


If a < b, then the ratio a: b is called as ratio of lesser
inequality and
If a > b, then the ratio a : b is called as ratio of greater
inequality.
TYPES OF RATIO

• COMPOUNDED RATIO
• DUPLICATE RATIO
• TRIPLICATE RATIO
• SUBDUPLICATE RATIO
• SUBTRIPLICATE RATIO
• RECIPROCAL RATIO
COMPOUND RATIO

• For two or more ratios, if we take antecedent as product of


antecedents of the ratios and consequent as product of consequents
of the ratios, then the ratio thus formed is called mixed or compound
ratio.

• AS, COMPOUND RATIO OF M : N AND P : Q

IS MP : NQ
DUPLICATE RATIO

•When the ratio is compounded with


itself, then the resulting ratio is called
duplicate ratio.
TRIPLICATE RATIO

•When the ratio is compounded with itself


3 times, then the resulting ratio is called
triplicate ratio.
SUBDUPLICATE RATIO

•The subduplicate ratio of a : b is the


ratio : .
•Subduplicate of 1:4 is 1: 2
SUBTRIPLICATE RATIO

•The subtriplicate ratio of a : b is


the ratio .
•Subtriplicate of 1:8 is 1: 2.
RECIPROCAL RATIO

•The reciprocal/inverse ratio of the ratio


m : n is the ratio .

•Reciprocal of 3 : 2 is the ratio


CONTINUED/EXTENDED RATIO

•A ratio compares two quantities.


•If more than 2 quantities of the same
kind are compared, then we call it a
continued ratio or an extended ratio.
PROPORTION

• Proportion means equality of two ratios.


• Let a, b, c & d be 4 quantities such that a & b are of
same kind & c & d are of same kind.
• If the two ratios a/b & c/d are equal then we say that
a,b, c & d are in proportion.
CONTINUED PROPORTION

• Let a, b & c be 3 quantities such that a & b are of same


kind b & c are of same kind.
• If the two ratios a/b & b/c are equal then we say that a, b
& c are in continued proportion.
• When a, b & c are in continued proportion,

i.e.
CONTINUED PROPORTION

• When a, b & c are in continued proportion,

i.e.
Where c – 3rd proportional to
a- 1st proportional
& b – 2nd proportional/ mean proportional .
CONTINUED PROPORTION

• When 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ,…….. 𝑎𝑛 are in continued proportion,


𝑎1 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛−1
i.e. = =………… =
𝑎2 𝑎4 𝑎𝑛

Let each of these ratio be equal to k.


𝑎1 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛−1
= =………… = =k
𝑎2 𝑎4 𝑎𝑛
CONTINUED PROPORTION

Let each of these ratio be equal to k.


𝑎1 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛−1
= =………… = =k
𝑎2 𝑎4 𝑎𝑛

Hence, 𝑎1 = k* 𝑎2 , ……………….., 𝑎𝑛−1 = k* 𝑎𝑛


TYPES OF PROPORTION

•DIRECT PROPORTION
•INVERSE PROPORTION
PROPORTION TYPES

DIRECT INVERSE
• In direct proportion , • In inverse proportion ,
both the quantities are the 1st quantity
either increasing or increases & the 2nd
decreasing. quantity decreases &
vice-versa.
TYPES OF VARIATION

•DIRECT VARIATION
•INVERSE VARIATION
DIRECT VARIATION

•‘a’ is directly proportional to ‘b’ is


same as ‘a’ varies directly as ‘b’.
INVERSE VARIATION

•‘a’ is inversely proportional to ‘b’ is


same as ‘a’ varies inversely as ‘b’.
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/inverse-variation.html
PERCENTAGE

• To convert a fraction into percentage.


( Multiply the fraction by 100)
• To convert a percentage into fraction.
( Divide the rate percentage by 100)
THANK YOU

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy