EXFO Headquarters > Toll-free: +1 800 663-3936 (USA and Canada)

Tel.: +1 418 683-0211 | Fax: +1 418 683-2170 | info@EXFO.com

EXFO serves over 2000 customers in more than 100 countries.
To find your local office contact details, please go to www.EXFO.com/contact
© 2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada 15/07 20150580 SAP1068428
POSTER
REFERENCE
RAMAN
Optimization of Raman Deployments
The quest for paramount bandwidth in optical backbone networks seems never ending. More bandwidth, Benefits of Raman Deployment Steps to Optimize Raman Deployments
longer routes and further reach are always desired. From an optical reach/capacity performance Signal Amplified
perspective, Raman optical amplifiers are superior to EDFAs for three fundamental reasons: • Longer fiber spans
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 (A, B, C)

Signal Power
• Their superior noise performance leads to a higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) • Higher capacity STEP
(A, B, C)
4
at the output end of the optical path
• Increased link distance Raman PREVENT EDFA STEP 3 EDFA
Gain INSPECT AND
Signal Loss
VALIDATE ADJUST REFLECTIONS, STEP 1
• Raman optical amplifiers create distributed optical amplification inside the line fibre, • Enhanced operating margins in Fiber CLEAN
mitigating the nonlinear effects experienced by the optical WDM channels FIBER TYPE PUMP GAIN FIBER BENDS
CONNECTORS
• Uses deployed transmission fiber Fiber Length (km) 80 km AND FIBER LOSS STEP 2
• Raman amplifiers offer broader spectrum than EDFA amplifiers—
• Low noise figure
100 nm with Raman amplifiers while the typical EDFA spectrum is approximately 36 nm When signal is weak power increases Counter-Propagating
Raman Pump
before reaching next EDFA.

STEP 1 VALIDATE FIBER TYPE STEP 2 AJUST PUMP GAIN STEP 3 INSPECT AND CLEAN CONNECTORS STEP 4 (A, B, C) PREVENT REFLECTIONS, FIBER BENDS AND FIBER LOSS
Optical pump launched Resulting gain
in the optical fiber in the optical fiber

Pump Power Pump Attenuation Connector Cleanliness A) Reflections

6

Raman gain coefficient (x 10-14 m/W)

5 Raman amplified medium
About
100 nm
Raman pump power levels must be Raman amplification occurs approximatively 100 nm 4 higher High power leads to permanent damage to connectors on DWDM equipment and on patch panels. Amplification is not uni-directional, so reflection
optimized per fiber type to achieve: above the pump wavelength. 3 as well as double-reflections will be amplified. Amplified transmitted signal

• Optimum gain • Pump: 1430 – 1465 nm* 2 This creates a co-propagation ‘’ghost’’ known as Amplified reflections
• Spectral gain flatness • Amplification: 1530 – 1565 nm* 1 Multipath interference (MPI) which degrades the
quality of the signal. Amplified double-reflection
0
Adjust pump power to achieve optimal gain. * In the waterpeak influence area 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 Co-propagation “ghost”
Frequency shift (THz) signal, causing MPI
Gain depends on power density, specifically:
• Effective area Attenuation After ITU Specified Hydrogen Aging

• Fiber type Different fiber types will have different 1430 nm 1.2
O E S C L
attenuation, and therefore different pump reach and 20

Dispersion (ps/nm.km)
B) Fiber Bends
0.9 Conventional
gain efficiency values. SM Fiber

Loss (dB/km)
10
0.6
• Most Raman gain occurs within the first few first km after
LWP Fiber
0 pump launch
Measure Chromatic Dispersion Parameters to Determine Fiber-Type 0.3
Zero Water Peak Fiber = Lowest Loss
Figure 1. Functional, clean connector Figure 2. Permanently damaged
connector due to uncleanliness • High power density can cause damage
0
Dispersion at 1550 Slope at 1550 nm 1300 1400 1500 1600
–10 • Ensure no micro/macrobends are present in the first
Fiber Type Lambda Zero
(ps/[nm*km]) (ps/[nm*nm]*km) Impact on System Reach Wavelength (nm) BEGIN 20 km (including patchcords)

Standard single-mode 1300-1324 nm 16-18 (17 typical) ∼0.056 1430 nm attenuation

Assume older fiber with Quantity scratches and defects

Corning LS ∼1570 –3.5 to –0.1 (–1.4 typical) ∼0.07 0.05 dB higher loss 4 dB less 28 % shorter
average loss in 1450 nm
Dispersion Shifted ∼1550 ∼0 ∼0.07 at pump wavelengths Raman gain link distance
range of 0.33 dB/km Distance to
True Wave Classic ∼1500 0.8-4.6 (2 typical) ∼0.06 Meets
acceptance
No C) Fiber Loss Signal
Loss
loss element

True Wave Plus ∼1530 1.3-5.8

Results Obtained with a 1430 nm OTDR criteria?
• Most Raman gain is achieved within the few first km after
True Wave Reduced Slope ∼1460 2.6-6 (4 typical) <0.05 (0.045 typical) the pump launch Pump
Fail due to No
Yes
scratches? Fail due to detects
Corning E-LEAF ∼1500 2-6 (4 typical) ∼0.08 • Fiber loss and attenuation at this point is critical
Alcatel Teralight ∼1440 5.5-9.5 (8 typical) ∼0.058 Clean fiber endfaces • Connector loss in proximity to Raman pump has maximum
Raman Pump
Yes impact on Raman gain
True-Wave Reach ∼1405 5.5-8.9 (7-8 typical) <0.45 10 0 km
Quantity scratches and defects • Connector-loss located beyond the “effective length” of the 9
5 km
fiber has minimal affect on reduction of Raman gain 10 km

Raman gain reduction (dB)

8 20 km
7
6

FTB-2 and FTB-500 platforms featuring No Decrease Yes 5

defects? 4
the FTB-5700 Single-Ended Dispersion Analyzer
3
DUT passes DUT fails 2
• PMD and CD measurements for all types of networks 1
0
• Fully automated, highly intelligent interface END 0 1 2 3
Connection loss (dB)
• One test solution for all dispersion testing
• Single-ended testing of multiple links from one location

FIP-430B Fiber Intelligent Fiber Characterization

FTB-2 platform featuring Inspection Probe with EXFO’s iOLM
• Complete chromatic-dispersion characterization the FTB-7400E OTDR
• Highly accurate phase-shift method FTB-5800 Chromatic • Automatic image-centering function • Multi-pulse technology for repeatable and accurate test results
Dispersion Analyzer • Industry-leading linearity of ±0.03 dB/dB
• No communication between source and receiver • Automatic focus adjustment and optimization • Straight-forward results with clear icons and pass/fail status
• Event dead-zone of 0.8 m and attenuation dead zone of 4 m
• Compliant with TIA-FOTP-169 standard • Automatic pass/fail analysis • Self-setting device that optimizes the test parameters
• Low-water-peak fiber testing at 1383 nm
• Patented design: test through EDFAs • Comprehensive diagnosis to guide technicians to fix the fault faster
• Dynamic range of up to 42 dB for long-haul testing

Result of Effective Fiber Testing Process EXFO Connect

23 dB
OSNR Values Across Decibel Levels • Increased signal-distance for EXFO Connect’s cloud-based solution seamlessly links
EDFA EDFA EDFA
40 EDFA only a given OSNR value EXFO instruments and centralizes captured data from steps
Raman and EDFA
35 • Improved OSNR margin over 1-4 above, sharing it across an organization for complete
Multispan link with EDFA amplification 30 a given distance Raman deployment evaluation.
OSNR (dB)

25
23 dB
20

15
Raman EDFA Raman EDFA Raman EDFA
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Mulitpsan link with both EDFA and Raman amplification Span Number
EXFO Headquarters > Toll-free: +1 800 663-3936 (USA and Canada)
Tel.: +1 418 683-0211 | Fax: +1 418 683-2170 | info@EXFO.com

EXFO serves over 2000 customers in more than 100 countries.

To find your local office contact details, please go to www.EXFO.com/contact

© 2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada 15/07 20150580 SAP1068428

POSTER
REFERENCE
RAMAN