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Networking Methods

Networks can be categorized by their geographic scope, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless wide area networks (WWANs). [1] A LAN spans a small physical space like an office or home, connecting a small number of users either through peer-to-peer or client-server methods. [2] A WAN interconnects networks across a large domestic or international area like a multinational business. [3] Wireless networks like WLANs and WWANs transmit data via radio without physical connections, making them useful when wiring is inconvenient or costly.

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30 views

Networking Methods

Networks can be categorized by their geographic scope, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless wide area networks (WWANs). [1] A LAN spans a small physical space like an office or home, connecting a small number of users either through peer-to-peer or client-server methods. [2] A WAN interconnects networks across a large domestic or international area like a multinational business. [3] Wireless networks like WLANs and WWANs transmit data via radio without physical connections, making them useful when wiring is inconvenient or costly.

Uploaded by

Sinsontv Sinson
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking methods

One way to categorize computer networks is by their geographic scope, although many real-world
networks interconnect Local Area Networks (LAN) via Wide Area Networks (WAN) and wireless wide
area networks (WWAN). These three (broad) types are:

[edit]Local area network (LAN)


A local area network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small
number of people.

A peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used. A peer-to-peer network is where each
client shares their resources with other workstations in the network. Examples of peer-to-peer networks
are: Small office networks where resource use is minimal and a home network. A client-server network is
where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in
different capacities. These can be classified into two types:

1. Single-service servers
2. Print servers

The server performs one task such as file server, while other servers can not only perform in
the capacity of file servers and print servers, but also can conduct calculations and use them to
provide information to clients (Web/Intranet Server). Computers may be connected in many
different ways, including Ethernet cables, Wireless networks, or other types of wires such as
power lines or phone lines.

The ITU-T G.hn standard is an example of a technology that provides high-speed (up to 1


Gbit/s) local area networking over existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial
cables).

[edit]Wide area network (WAN)


A wide area network is a network where a wide variety of resources are deployed across a
large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses
a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a
WAN is the Internet, which is a network composed of many smaller networks. The Internet is
considered the largest network in the world.[6] The PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
also is an extremely large network that is converging to use Internet technologies, although not
necessarily through the public Internet.

A Wide Area Network involves communication through the use of a wide range of different
technologies. These technologies include Point-to-Point WANs such as Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Frame Relay, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer
Mode) and Sonet (Synchronous Optical Network). The difference between the WAN
technologies is based on the switching capabilities they perform and the speed at which
sending and receiving bits of information (data) occur.

[edit]Wireless networks (WLAN, WWAN)


A wireless network is basically the same as a LAN or a WAN but there are no wires between
hosts and servers. The data is transferred over sets of radio transceivers. These types of
networks are beneficial when it is too costly or inconvenient to run the necessary cables. For
more information, see Wireless LAN andWireless wide area network. The media access
protocols for LANs come from the IEEE.

The most common IEEE 802.11 WLANs cover, depending on antennas, ranges from hundreds
of meters to a few kilometers. For larger areas, eithercommunications satellites of various
types, cellular radio, or wireless local loop (IEEE 802.16) all have advantages and
disadvantages. Depending on the type of mobility needed, the relevant standards may come
from the IETF or the ITU.

[edit]Network topology
The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are
connected, physically and logically. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and
devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.

Network topology has two types:

 Physical
 Logical

Commonly used topologies include:

 Bus
 Star
 Tree (hierarchical)
 Linear
 Ring
 Mesh
 partially connected
 fully connected (sometimes known as fully redundant)
The network topologies mentioned above are only a general representation of the kinds of
topologies used in computer network and are considered basic topologies

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