CULMINATING ACTIVITY

MIDTERM NOTES
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B. Discussion

Social Sciences, the Humanities, and the Natural Sciences

The humanities refer to fields of study that deal with how human beings process and
document human experience. Communication arts, philosophy, arts, theater and performance
studies, religious studies, and literature are fields traditionally classified under the humanities.
While both the social sciences and the humanities seek to explore human condition, they differ in
the modes and approaches of interpreting or analyzing any given question.

The natural sciences, according to Ledoux (2002), are disciplines that focus only on
studying natural events using scientific methods. The origins of the natural sciences can be
traced back to the Renaissance in Europe, when most intellectuals started using systematic
methods of investigation. Biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and astronomy are some of the
fields that fall under the natural sciences. The social sciences and natural sciences share
commonalities in terms of methodology. The social sciences employ empirical ways to validate
assumptions such as observation and experimentation, especially for cases where quantitative
methods of analysis can be applied.

The table below presents a summary of the distinctions between the social sciences, the
humanities, and the natural sciences.

TABLE 1.1. Defining Criteria: Social Sciences, Humanities, and Natural Sciences

SOCIAL SCIENCES HUMANITIES NATURAL SCIENCE

Function To analyze, explain, and To better appreciate the To understand, explain, and
possibly predict human meaning and purpose of the predict the world we live in
behavior (as groups and/or human experience- both using scientific methods and
individuals) broadly in the nature of the distinctive methods of
human condition, as well as inquiry
within each unique
individual
Purpose/ End Goal Generation of new Generation of wisdom, to Discovery of laws that rule
knowledge (factual better explore and address the world (with focus on the
information) the “big questions” and natural world)
 meet the challenges in the
human condition
Methodology Application of an Application of an Application of natural
empirical, rational, and interpretative methodology science methods, i.e.,
objective methodology (use of text analysis, systematic observation,
(use of validity and reflective thinking, and measurement, and
reliability tests) to present acknowledgement of experiment
the facts audience) to render
something meaningful for
others
C. Summary

 The Humanities and Social Sciences are the study of human behaviour and interaction in
social, cultural, environmental, economic and political contexts. The Humanities and Social
Sciences have a historical and contemporary focus, from personal to global contexts, and
consider challenges for the future.

 Through studying Humanities and Social Sciences, students will develop the ability to
question, think critically, solve problems, communicate effectively, make decisions and adapt
to change. Thinking about and responding to issues requires an understanding of the key
historical, geographical, political, economic and societal factors involved, and how these
different factors interrelate.

 The Humanities and Social Sciences subjects provide a broad understanding of the world in
which we live, and how people can participate as active and informed citizens with high-level
skills needed for the 21st century.
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B. Discussion

PRODUCTION TEAM

PRODUCER
This person is essentially the group leader and is responsible for managing the production
from start to finish. The producer develops the project from the initial idea, makes sure the script
is finalized, arranges the financing and manages the production team that makes the film.

The producer also coordinates the filmmaking process to ensure that everyone involved
in the project is working on schedule and on budget. Without the producer at the helm, films do
not get made.

DIRECTOR
The director is primarily responsible for overseeing the shooting and assembly of a film.
While the director might be compared to a novel's author as a film's primary visionary, he or she
would not be able to make the film without the help of numerous other artists and technicians.

In fact, the notion of the director as an author is misleading because it assumes the
director, like an author, does everything. A director works at the center of film production, but is
inextricably linked with dozens of other people who get the job done together.

SCREENWRITER
While the dialogue in a film may seem natural to the viewer, a writer carefully crafts it;
however, the screenwriter does far more than provide dialogue for the actors. He or she also
shapes the sequence of events in a film to ensure that one scene transitions to the next so that the
story will unfold logically and in an interesting way.

Like the producer, the screenwriter's role is generally overlooked by the movie-going public, yet
is essential to the completion of any film. If there is no script, there is no movie.

PRODUCTION DESIGNER
Before one inch of film is shot, the production designer is the first artist to translate the
script into visual form. He or she creates a series of storyboards that serve as the film's first draft.
 A storyboard is a series of sketches on panels that shows the visual progression of the
story from one scene to the next. Creating this sketch of the film on storyboards also ensures the
visual continuity of the film from start to finish. Storyboards serve as the director's visual guide
throughout the production and will be a template to follow during the editing process.

ART DIRECTOR
The art director is responsible for the film's settings: the buildings, landscapes and
interiors that provide the physical context for the characters. This person is responsible for
acquiring props, decorating sets and making the setting believable.

COSTUME DESIGNER
Costumes convey a great deal about the film's time period and the characters who wear
them, including their economic status, occupation and attitude toward themselves. Be sure to
think about how costuming can show something about the character visually.

CINEMATOGRAPHER
The director of photography, or DP, is responsible for capturing the script on film or
video. The DP must pay attention to lighting and the camera's technical capabilities.

When the director wants a shot to achieve certain visual or atmospheric qualities, the DP
achieves it through his or her choice of lighting, film stock and careful manipulation of the
camera. This craft is referred to as cinematography.

EDITOR
Shortly after shooting begins, the editor begins to organize the footage and arranges
individual shots into one continuous sequence. Even in a single scene, dozens of different shots
have to be chosen and assembled from hundreds of feet of film. The editor's choices about which
shots to use, and the order in which to place them, have a profound effect on the appearance of
the final film.

ACTORS
Responsible for portraying the characters in a film, actors work closely with the director
and cinematographer. Considering an actor's role within this larger context also suggests that his
or her job is much more difficult than just appearing on the set and reciting lines.
 MUSIC SUPERVISOR
Music has been an integral part of movies since cinema's earliest days in the 1890s. A
piano or organ player accompanied even the simplest silent films. The silent movie palaces of the
1920s were equipped with elaborate organs and orchestra pits to accommodate large groups of
live musicians. Today selecting just the right music for the film will intensify the story for the
audience.

C. Summary

 A production team is the group of technical staff who produce a play, television show, recording,
or film. Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating of a
particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are
involved in the project.

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B. Discussion

Chapter I

1. Introduction and Its Background

The Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study
and its rationale. It usually leads into the research problem.

2. Statement of the Problem

The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the general problem and
specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which derived
from the general problem. The research problems should be specific, reliable, valid, measurable,
objectively stated. It can be a question form or in a declarative statement.

3. Formulation of the Hypothesis

The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and
affirmative hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which intends subject for thorough
investigation. It is recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project.
4. Significance of the Study
The Significance of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for
the people, environment and community as a whole. It is really relevant in the changing world
or global impact into the field of technology.

5. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The Scope and Delimitation of the Study covers the range of your research. It includes
the period of research, the materials and equipment to be used, the subject of the study or the
sample of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment to be used.

6. Definition of Terms
The Definition of Terms has two types: the Dictionary-derived definitions and the
Operational definitions which derived from how these terms were used in your research.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Related Literature
The Related Literature are statements taken from science books, journals, magazines,
newspapers and any documents from authorized scientists, Science experts or well-known
Science agencies. These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories,
principles and laws. Footnoting is important on this part.

Chapter III
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Results

Results show the findings or outcomes of your investigation. The result must be based
according to the interpreted data.

Chapter IV
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

1. Summary
The Summary briefly summarizes your research from Chapter I to Chapter IV which
includes the research problems, methodology and findings. It consists of one or two paragraphs
only.

2. Conclusion
The Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or results. It should answer your
hypothesis and research problems.

3. Recommendation
The Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You may give few
recommendations which you think can help the fellow Science students, researchers, consumers
or the entire community where people live in.