NOTES ON PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
COPILED BY: JOHN ANTHONY D. PIOLLO
 Purposive Communication

LESSON 1 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS

LESSON 2 COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION

LESSON 3 LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL

SETTINGS

VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN

LANGUAGE

LESSON 4 EVALUATING MESSAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS

REFLECTING DIFFERENT CULTURES

LESSON 5 COMMUNICATION AIDS AND STRATEGIES USING TOOLS OF

TECHNOLOGY

LESSON 6 COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

LESSON 7 COMMUNICATION FOR WORK PURPOSES

LESSON 8 COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

TOPICS

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 Purposive Communication

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Course Description

Purposive communication is a three unit course that creates understudies open ability and
upgrades their social and intercultural mindfulness through multimodal errands that give
them opportunities to conveying successfully and suitably to a multicultural crowd nearby
or worldwide setting. It outfits understudies with devices for basic assessment of an
assortment of writings and spotlight on the intensity of language and the effects of pictures
to underline the significance of passing on messages responsibly. The information, abilities
and experiences that students gain from this course might be utilized in their other
scholarly undertaking, their picked discipline, and their future profession as they make and
produce pertinent oral, composed broad media and electronic yield for different purposes

Learning Outcomes:

Knowledge

1. Describe the nature, elements and function of verbal and non-verbal

communication in various and multicultural contexts
2. Explain how cultural and global issues affects communication
3. Determine cultural appropriate terms, expressions and images.
4. Evaluate multimodal texts critically to enhance receptive (listening, reading,
viewing) skills;
5. Summarize the principle of academic text structure

Skills

1. Convey ideas though oral, audio-visual, and/or web based presentations for
different target audiences in local and global settings using appropriate registers
2. Create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials
3. Present ideas persuasive using appropriate language registers, tone, facial
expressions
4. Write and present academic papers using appropriate tone, style, conventions and
reference styles.

Values

1. Adopt cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communication of

ideas
2. Appreciate the difference of varieties of spoken and written language
3. Adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting ideas
4. Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world.

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Course Outline

Prelim

1. Communication Processes, Principles , and Ethics

2. Communication And globalization

Midterm

1. Local and global communication in Multicultural Settings

2. Varieties and register of spoken and written language

Pre-Finals

1. Evaluating messages and/or images of different types of texts reflecting different

cultures
2. Communication aids, strategies and various purposes with/using tools of
technology

Finals

1. Communication for work purposes

2. Communication for academic purposes

References

Adler, R., Elmhorst, J.M. & Lucas. Communication at work: Strategies for success in
Business and the Professions: NY: McGraw.

Bullock, R. and Goggin, M. The North Field Guide to Writing 3rd ed. W.W. Norton and
Company, 2013 .

Chase, R. and Shamo, S. Elements of Effective Communication. 4th ed. Washington, Utah:
Plain and Precious Publishing, 2013

Dainton, M. and Zelley E. Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life. A

Practical Introduction. 3rd ed., Sage Publication 2015.

Lucas, S. The Art of Public Speaking. NY: McGraw Hill, 2011.

Mooney, A., Pecci, J.S., La Belle, S, et al. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction .
3rd. London: Routledge, 2010.

Searles, G. Workplace Communication: The Basics. 6th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2014.

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 Purposive Communication

COMMUNICATION PROCESS, PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS

Learning Outcomes

1. Describes the nature, elements, functions of verbal and nonverbal

communication in various multicultural contexts

Communication Introduction
Communication is as old as human development. Man used to speak with
fellow individual by methods of sounds, signals, motions when there was no
language created. Without communication, human culture couldn’t have been
as it is today. It is the way which has changed humankind into the most
evolved sane and prosperous gathering on the earth.

Communication define

Communication is the action of passing on data. The word communication has

been gotten from the Latin word ‘communis’, which means to share. It essentially
includes sender, a message and a beneficiary.

Communication is giving, accepting or trading thoughts, information, data, signals

or messages through suitable media, empowering people or gathering to
convince, to look for data, to give data or to communicate feelings.

Communication is typically a two way process. It isn’t simply giving data or

flagging somebody; it additionally includes the appreciation of the data by the
recipient. At the point when the demonstration of giving data or sending message
arrives at the beneficiary and gets understood by him/her and the recipient sends
criticism as wanted by the sender, the procedure of correspondence is supposed
to be finished. Communication, along these lines, includes more than one
individual.

Communication is a persistent and dynamic procedure including more than one

individual. It is a cyclic procedure signifying progression of data. It basically

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 Purposive Communication

includes sender, message and beneficiary. The sender considers thoughts and
encodes them into reasonable medium (realities, figures, pictures), sends the
through suitable channel (email, telephone, discourse) to the beneficiary. The
beneficiary translates the message, gets it encodes input and sends it to the
sender. The procedure proceeds.

Purposive communication covers a specific contents of

communication. It is applied in a specific setting, environment, scene,
social relations and culture.
The Process of Communication

Interchanges alludes to a lot of procedures utilized for communicating thoughts successfully and
the innovation of transmission of data by print or telecommunication media. Communication is
lexically intended to be the conferring or trading of data by talking, composing or utilizing some
other medium. It is the demonstration of passing on proposed importance starting with one
substance or gathering then onto the next using commonly got signs or semiotic guidelines.

The sender creates message to be transferred

The sender encodes the message

The sender chooses the suitable channel of communication

The receiver receives the message

The receiver decodes

The receiver provides the feedback to the sender

The Different Element in the Process of Communication

The very establishment of communication process is laid
SENDER by the individual who commumicate or sends the
message. he is the sender of the message which might
be an idea, thought, an image, report or a request and
stances and motions, even a passing grin. The sender is
accordingly the initiator of the message that should be
communicated. In the wake of having created the

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thought, data and so forth the sender it in such a way

can be surely known by the recepient.

Message alludes to as the data passed on by words as I

MESSAGE discourse and reviews, sign, picture or images relying on
the circumstances and the nature and significance of
data wanted to be sent. Message is the core of
communication. It is the substance the sender needs to
bunch to the collector. It very well may be verbal both
composed and spoken; or non-verbal for example
pictorial or representative, and so forth.

Encoding is placing the focused on message into fitting

ENCODING medium which might be verbal or non-verbal relying on
the circumstances, time, space and nature of the
message to be sent. The sender places the message
into a progression of images, pictures or words which
will be conveyed to the planned beneficiary. Encoding is
a significant advance in the communication procedure
as off-base and unseemly may vanquish the genuine
CHANNEL goal of the communication.
Channels refers to the approach or mode the message
flow or is transmitted through. The message is
transmitted over channel that links the sender with the
receiver. The message could also be oral or written and
it’s going to be transmitted through memo, a computer,
telephone, cell phone apps or television.
Receiver is the person or cluster who the message is
RECEIVER supposed for. He could also be an observer, a reader or
a viewer. Any negligence on the part of the receiver
could create the communication ineffective. The receiver
must comprehend the message sent within the very best
manner specified truth intent of the communication is
earned. The extent to that the receiver decodes the
message depends on his/her data of the topic matter of
the message, experience, trust and relationship with the
sender.
Decoding refers to interpreting or conveying the sent
DECODING message into intelligible language. It simply means
comprehending the message. The receiver after
receiving the message interprets it and tries to
understand it in the best possible manner.
Feedback is the final side of communication method. It
FEEDBACK refers to the response of the receiver on the message
sent to him/her by the sender. Feedback is critical to
confirm that the message has been effectively encoded,
sent decoded and appreciated. It is the ultimate step of
the communication method and establishes that the
receiver has received the message in its letter and spirit.

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 Purposive Communication

Remember me ….

Context – affects the process of

sending and receiving of
messages due:
 to semantic or
meaning
 choice of channel
 words and methods of
delivery

Ethical Principles of Communication

Completeness
The message must be complete and geared to the receiver’s perception of the world. The
message must be based on facts and a complex message needs additional information and / or
explanation. A good subdivision of subjects will clarify the message as a result of which there will
be a complete overview of what is said.
Concreteness
Concrete business communication is also about clear message. This often supported by factual
material such as research data and figures. The worlds used as well as the sentence structure can
be interpreted univocally. Nothing is left to imagine.
Courtesy
In addition to considering the feelings and pints of view of the target group, it is important to
approach the audience in a friendly and courteous manner. Use terms that show respect for the
receiver contribute towards effective communication. The same goes for the manner in which you
address someone. Not everyone will be charmed if you use familiar form of address and use of a
formal address could come across as too distant. By using the word ‘they’ a larger audience is
immediately addressed.
Correctness
A correct use of language has the preference. In written business communication, grammatical
errors must be avoided and stylistic lapses or a wrong use of verbs are not sufficient either in
verbal communication. A correct use of language increase trustworthiness and the receiver will feel
that they are taken seriously.
Clarity
Clear or plain language is characterized by explicitness, short sentences and correct and concrete
words. Fuzzy language is absolutely forbidden, as are formal language and cliché’ expressions. By
avoiding parentheses and keeping to the point, the receiver will get a clear picture of the content of
the message. Briefly-worded information emphasizes the essence of the message. Coherence
means the connection of ideas at the level, and cohesion means the connection of ideas at the
sentence level.

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 Purposive Communication

Consideration
Communicating with the target group (consideration). In order to communicate well. It is important
to relate to the target group and be involved. By taking the audience into account, the message
can be geared towards them. Factors that play a role in this are for example professional
knowledge, level of education, age and interests.
Conciseness
A message is clear when the storyline is consistent and when this does not contain any
inconsistency. When facts are mentioned, it is important that there is consistent, supporting
information. Systematically implementing a certain statement or notation also contributes to clear
business communication.
Observing a code of ethics is essential as it determines the kind of behavior that is proper and desirable
over one that is displeasing and offensive. A code of ethics sets the standards to be observed by a
person or a company that will create a good reputation or positive image not only for an individual but
also for the organization. It will, therefore, pave the way for the attainment of the desired results leading
to the success of an individual or the entire company. Success in decision making will likewise impact
the company’s reputation

COMMUNICATION ETHICS

The nature of ethics

Ethics is the discussion of the judgement we have a tendency to build concerning the
appropriateness, the proper or wrong, of our actions and policies be those actions communicative,
political, social personal, or a combination of areas. Ethics is the study of what ultimately, the best
course of action, however ought to we have a tendency to have to own the foremost positive impact
upon society.

Fundamental of ethical communication

 Responsible thinking
 Decision making
 Development of relationships and communities

Summary
Communication is the lifeline of the society and business organizations, a corporation will
hardly be formed with the absence of one of the foremost essential gradients of
communication. A corporation would not grow and will be a mere assembly of unrelated and
unorganized people, materials and machines and tools that neither makes any sense nor, in
fact any quite organization.

The Model of Communication

The manner of communication, however, isn’t as easy or barriers-unfastened because it seems.
From its transmission to the recipient, the message might also additionally get inferred or disturbed
with at any level via way of means of many elements is terrible desire of communication method. In
addition to a terrible desire of communication method, different boundaries to powerful

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 Purposive Communication

communication encompass noise and different bodily distraction, language problems, and failure to
understand nonverbal signals.

Three Common Models of Communication

1. Aristotle Model of Communication

 This model focuses on speaker and its speech. It is divided into 5 primary
elements, the Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience, and effects. This model
centers on the delivery of the speaker and the audience feedback is not required.
2. Shannon-weaver Model
 As Claude Elwood Shannon was an Engineer, this model was crafted to improve
the telephonic communication. This models is also known as the information theory.
3. Schramm’s Model
 The models shows that knowledge play a vital role on the communication process.
This indicates that communication is affected by the diversity of information
including the schema, cultural and educational background.

Task: Compare and Contrast

1. Illustrate the flow of communication in Aristotle’s Model and Schramms Model and compare
the focus of each models.
2. Provide an example of the following models.
 Aristole’s Model
 Shannon-Weaver Model
 Schramms’ Model

Forms of Communication

1. Intrapersonal Communication – communication within the person.

2. Interpersonal Communication – communication between persons.
3. Dyadic Communication – involved between two person, the sender becomes the receiver
and vice versa.
4. Small Group Communication – centered two or more individuals.
5. Public Communication – a one way type model as it no longer requires feedback.
6. Mass Communication – involves larger number of audiences and needs a tool for the
information transfer.

Remember me   
The message we want to convey to the intended audience sometimes hindered by noise or in other
words barriers. In effective communication, barrier blocks the elements, it includes wrong medium,
emotions, and jargons. It is also categorized into five: Physical, Psychological, Cultural, Language
Use, and Personal.

Major Types of Communication

1. Verbal communication – a form of communication that uses words in exchanging

information with other people either in speech or written.

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 Purposive Communication

2. Nonverbal Communication – it takes place by way of unspoken or unwritten

messages, it only focuses on the body language, facial expressions, sign
languages, and etc.

Task: Enumerate and identify

1. List at least five common nonverbal cues that most Filipino people use and make short
interpretation of it.
2. Are these cues applicable in another places (country). Make a comparison by identifying.

COMMUNICATION STYLE

Communication style refers back to the manner wherein the act of speaking is carried on.
Styles of conversation might also additionally range from event to event. Each styles
serves a distinctive purpose.

The understanding of conversation style is needed with the view to recognize which one
best suits or which to apply on distinctive occasions. It is likewise required to recognize
the impact of every conversation style on regular social interactions and of course on
commercial enterprise conversations and interactions.

“Others’ rights and the “Subtly make clear that “I boldly insist that my “I clearly express that
needs to take my rights and needs rights and needs we both have rights
precedence over mine prevail” prevail” and needs”

PASSIVE
PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE AGGRESSIVE ASSERTIVE
TASK
Emotionally Inappropriately
Emotionally Appropriately
dishonest, indirect, honest, direct,
dishonest, indirect, honest, direct, self-
inhibited, self- expressive, enhancing,
10 inhibited,
denying,
self-
denying at first, attacking, blaming, expressive, self-
self-enhancing at controlling, self-John Anthony
apologetic confident, emphatic
D. Piollo
expense of others enhancing at to emotions of all
johnanthonydaigpiollo@gmail.com
later apologetic expense of others involved
 Purposive Communication

Mr. Roy is an earnest and persevering

individual who carries out his responsibility
unobtrusively and doesn’t care to contend a
lot. He likes to compose notes and send
composed messages rather than face to face
communication. He is being given the
obligation of driving a group to deal with lofty
venture. In any case, before that he needs to
get the undertaking affirmed by the top
managerial staff.

1. Can you suggest a suitable communication style to make the

undertaking successful? Support answer.

Assessment

Test I. Process arrangement

a. The process is initiated with presence of stimuli.

b. The brain identifies the stimuli and evaluates its merit.
c. The stimulus is forwarded to the brain’s nerve fiber which recognizes the event
whose perception is affected by sender’s experience, environment and culture.
d. The speaker is ready to say it aloud what he or she thinks by “externalizing”
through medium.
e. The message is heard and the speaker’s gestures are seen by the receiver who
acts and senses.
f. The speaker speaks in proper sequence to transmit the message.
g. The thoughts are encoded into words or language symbols.
h. The receiver evaluates the sender’s message and this evaluation will determine
his or her response.
i. The receiver decodes the message from the sound to language and encodes own
message from thoughts to words.
j. Then the receiver then becomes the sender.

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 Purposive Communication

k. The first speaker receives the response and evaluates and reacts to the message
using the same channel and same manner of interchange.
l. The speaker’s response is carried by wave lengths to the first speaker

Test II. Multiple Choices

1. The unintentional meanings caused by certain symbols and ethnic slurs.

a. External noise c. Semantic noise
b. Internal noise d. barriers
2. This is characterized by one to many communication having unequal and limited
verbal feedback.
a. Public c. Dyadic
b. Group d. Single
3. In this model, there is an active sender who coveys a message to a passive
receiver.
a. Intrapersonal c. Linear
b. Interpersonal d. Transactional
4. The process of communication that moves from upward and forward.
a. Intrapersonal c. Dance helical
b. Transactional d. Linear
5. Knowledge tends to create more knowledge means;
a. The longer the people talk and exchange ideas the wider the scope
becomes.
b. The receiver becomes passive
c. The sender generates the ideas and the receiver refuse to respond.
d. Reading for multiple medium to increase the knowledge of the topic
6. _____ is transmission of messages from the source to the receiver.
a. Communication c. Channel
b. Message d. None of these
7. It is a process in which people share thoughts, ideas and feelings with each other.
a. Communication c. Channel
b. Message d. Encoding
8. It is the man’s most effective and useful medium of communication.
a. Cellphone c. Language
b. Telephone d. Dialect
9. It allows people to communicate their ideas, to say or write things to each other
and express their communication needs.
a. Language c. Message
b. Channel d. Sender
10. It is a process of oral communication which starts an idea, a startling news, a
disagreeable remark or a positive comment that activates the sensory process of a
person.
a. Speaking c. Encoding
b. Listening d. Decoding

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 Purposive Communication

11. It is a process of communication in which the sender’s thoughts are being

transformed into language symbols and words.
a. Feedback c. Encoding
b. Decoding d. Channel
12. When you speak, your listener gets messages from ______.
a. what you say and your vocabulary
b. how you look and your words
c. how you act, how you look, and what you say
d. what you say, how you act, and your voice
13. The content of the communication is called:
a. Message c. Media richness
b. Noise d. Jargon
14. To convert a message into groups of words, symbols, gestures, or sounds that
present ideas or concepts is called:
a. encoding. c. noise.
b. feedback. d. media richness.
15. Which of the following is an example of non verbal communication media?
a. time.
b. bulletin board.
c. space.
d. A & C.
16. Messages are carried by symbols ____.
a. in a few communication situations
b. in written, but not in spoken, communication
c. in all communication situations
d. only in face-to-face communication
17. Any communication that conveys a message consisting of words is called:
a. verbal communication. c. written communication.
b. oral communication. d. non verbal communication.
18. Communication is defined in the text as a _____.
a. skill needed primarily in formal settings and only rarely in informal settings
b. natural ability of every human being
c. process of sharing information
d. debate between two people
19. Noise is not a problem at which stage of the communication process?
a. source. c. decoding.
b. receiver. d. none of the above
20. Communication between two or more people is ______.
a. Only verbal b. Only Non-Verbal
b. Intrapersonal d. Interpersonal
21. A certain look or glance is an example of:
a. verbal communication. c. written communication.
b. oral communication. d. non verbal communication.
22. In conversation between two friends, ____.
a. the receiver never sends a message to the sender

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 Purposive Communication

b. the receiver sends only nonverbal feedback

c. the receiver sends only verbal feedback
d. the roles of sender and receiver switch back and forth between the two people
23. The three kinds of interference that obstruct clear communication are ____.
a. physical, psychological, personal
b. psychological, semantic, audience
c. physical, psychological, semantic
d. physical, psychological, audience
24. ______________ is the process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used
by the source of the message by converting them into concepts and ideas.
a. decoding. c. encoding
b. listing. d.. none of the
above.
25. In a public speaking situation, ____.
a. entertainment is never the goal
b. the audience cannot offer feedback
c. the speaker’s purpose is to inform, to persuade, or to entertain the audience
d. the speaker does not need to adapt to the audience
26. The _____________ is the individual or group that develops the message to be
communicated to internal and external parties.
a. source. c. jargon.
b. encoder. d. decoder.
27. A speaker can gather information about an audience by considering the audience
on _____.
a. a personal level
b. a nonverbal level
c. an economic level
d. cultural, sociological, and individual levels
28. The main points of a speech are ____.
a. the key ideas under which supporting information is organized
b. the most convincing supporting evidence given for key ideas
c. the speaker’s reasons, or specific purposes, for giving the speech
d. the conclusions the speaker wants the audience to draw from the speech
Test III. TRUE/FALSE

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
29. Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver.
30. Telephone communication is the richest medium.
31. Feedback is the receiver's response to the sender's message.
32. The terms verbal communication and oral communications are interchangeable.
33. The degree of confidence and trust the receiver has in the sender or the source of
the message is called source credibility.
34. Encoding is the process of converting a message into symbols that people will
understand.
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35. The main advantage of written communication is that it provides a permanent

record of a message.

LESSON 2. COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the chapter, students are expected to:

1. Discuss the cultural and global issues affects communications;

2. Share the differences between the varieties of spoken and written
language.
3. Write composition about the discussion
4. Identify the suitable cultural terms, expressions and images in given
scenario.
5. Uphold cultural values and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in
communicating ideas.

PRE-TASK

1. Discuss on your own understanding the term “globalization”, and how it

affect communication.
2. Construct a diagram to show your ideas about globalization.

World Youth 2005

Source: htt://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/globalization-wpay-html.

A. GLOBALIZATION

Globalization, roughly defined as the global integration of economies and societies, affects
many aspects of young peoples’ lives. Youth have an ambiguous relationships with the
globalizing world, both economically and culturally. On the one hand, they are most
flexible and perhaps best able to adapt to and make use of new opportunities offered.
They are the best educated generation on new information technologies; they benefit from
economic growth; many travel around the world for work, studies, exchange projects and
vacation; and telephone and the Internet enable them to stay in touch with friends and
relatives abroad. On the other hand, many youth, especially in developing countries, have

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been left out of the digitalization and modernization process and lack the economic power
to benefit from the opportunities globalization offers. Four effects of globalization on the
lives of young people are discussed below in more detail; the distribution of employment
opportunities, migration, youth culture and consumerism, and global citizenship and
activism.

Globalization can be a powerful force for poverty reduction. Many countries have seen
improvements in their welfare and educational systems as a consequence of globalization.
Unfortunately, about 2 billion people live in countries that do not benefit from globalization,
mainly in parts of Sub-Sharan African, Western Asia, and the former Soviet Union. These
countries have seen a declining economic growth rate, loss of jobs, low incomes, and poor
education and health provision. The income gap is widening not only between, but also
within countries.

Globalization has substantially changed the market, to which young people, as

newcomers, are “most vulnerable”. New technologies have replaced manual labor mainly
affecting low skilled jobs in the service sector. Even in China, which has been remarkable
economic growth, the rate of unemployment is rising due to ongoing transformation from
agriculture to the less employment intensive manufacturing and service industries, the
reform of state owned enterprises and the reorganization of the public sector. Trade
liberalization forces companies to become more flexible and competitive. Many have
become increasingly dependent on low cost, flexible labor, often employed on an irregular
basis. The outsourcing of sophisticated programing assignments and semi-skilled jobs in
call centers to low wage countries is perhaps the best known example of the global shift of
employment opportunities for young people.
Migration, both within and between countries, is another aspect of globalization. Young
people have always been a significant group among migrants. As foreign investment often
creates job opportunities in the cities of host countries, rural workers move to the cities. In
2003, 48% of the world’s population lived in urban areas, and it is projected that over
50%will do so by 2007. In 2002, there were 175 million international migrants. On the
basis of available immigration data, it is estimated that some 15%, or 26 million,
are youth. Every day, thousands of young people illegally try to pursue a life of fortune in a
rich country, often motivated by unrealistic information and high expectations. A parallel
industry of illicit travel agents, job brokers and middlemen has arisen, which directs the
trafficking of these migrants. The past two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the
trafficking of girls and young women, who are often lured into prostitution. Young women
and girls who are impoverished, uneducated or from indigenous, ethnic minority, rural or
refugee groups are most vulnerable to being trafficked.

Globalization has numerous consequences for young cultures. The increase in media
streams has resulted in global consumerism. Through television, music videos and
movies, American and European produced content is increasingly dominating
entertainment around the world. Young people tend to adopt and interpret global products
in terms of their own local cultures and experiences, thereby creating new hybrid cultural
forms whose meanings vary with local and national circumstances. Many youth in
developing countries, as well as marginalized youth in the industrialized world, are unable
to fulfil their expectations of material wellbeing. This may result in alienation and frustration
and, potentially, in crime and social strife.

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Young people around the world show concern about the negative consequences of
globalization, such as unequal distribution of wealth and environment degradation. The
anti-globalization movement has expanded all over the world and comprises a
heterogeneous group of non-governmental organizations, student groups, political
organizations and civil rights activists. The movement fights for various issues such as
global justice, fair trade, relief and sustainable development. Remarkable results have
been achieved in the last two decades, including in the recognition of basic universal
rights and in the prevention of global threats. Despite the presence of many active youth in
the international arena, it may be argued that the diverse landscape of issues, opinions,
interests, and beliefs among young people hampers the emergence of a strong unified
voice oy young people and a global youth and student movement.

In order to address some of the concerns related to migration of youth, young people need
to have viable alternatives to remain in their countries. This means addressing root causes
such as poverty, and by doing so, seeking to redress the inequalities between rich and
poor nations. It also requires that young people are provided, through education and skills
training, with the knowledge and confidence to become successful participants in the labor
markets of their own countries.

Most migration data is not disaggregated by age. Data on the outflow and inflow of young
nationals would be a useful supplement to an analysis of the global youth employment
situation.

Comprehension Questions

Answer the following questions below:

1. According to the World Youth Report what is globalization?

2. Is globalization the answer to reduce poverty?
3. Site at least 3 significances of globalization to your generation.

GLOBALIZATION

The UNESCO website defines globalization as a multidimensional process

characterized by:

 The acceptance of a set of economic rules for the entire world designed to
maximize profits and productivity by universalizing markets and production, and
to obtain the support of the state with the view to making the national economy
more productive and competitive;
 Technological innovation and organization change centered on flexibility and
adaptability;
 The expansion of a specific of social organization based on information as the
main source of productivity and power;
 The reduction of the welfare state, privatization of social services, flexibilization of
labor relations and weaker unions;

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 De facto transfer to trans-national organizations of the control of national

economic policy instruments, such as monetary policy, interest rates and fiscal
policy;
 The dissemination of common cultural values, but also the reemergence of
nationalism, cultural conflict and social movements”

Globalization has been the buzzword in many academic, business, and political circles for
decades. The concept has both been viewed positively and negatively. This is expected in so far
as globalization does have beneficial and harmful consequences. However, whether we like it or
not, globalization is here to stay. Most countries are “interconnected and form part of a single,
interdependent global economy (Connor, 2014). And the best way to adapt to it is to anticipate
and prepare for its foreseeable and unforeseeable consequences.

EXERCISE 1

Identify the following words or phrases whether it signifies globalization. Indicate

by writing “C” if it talks globalization and “V” if otherwise.

1. Improved connectivity
2. Independent economies
3. Cultural diversity
4. Financial integrations
5. Free trade

EXERCISE 2

From the words given below, segregate the cause from the effects.

Improved telecommunications Worldwide division of labor

Change in supply chains Improved transportation facilities
Increase in free trade agreements Cultural impacts
Environmental damage Increase in multinational corporations

Causes of Globalization Effects of Globalization

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

EFFECTS OF GLOBALUZATION ON COMMUNICATION

The life blood of any organization and globalization poses new challenges to
communication. One immediate effect is the increase in intercultural communication.
Communication in the 21 st century is increasingly transnational and intercultural.
Consequently, effective global communication proves to be a challenge to many people
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 Purposive Communication

since cultural diversity increases the possibility of miscommunication. Consequently it is

assumed that poor communication leads to poor job performance and a decrease in
employee productivity. Another important consequence of globalization is the rise of World
English where each country boast of its own variety of English. Experts claim that the
Englishes are different in relation to word use, pronunciation, accent and grammar. As
such, the challenges to intercultural communication do not only include problems is slang
or idiomatic expressions which non-native speakers usually find problematic, but also
grammatical and pronunciation variations and other verbal as well as non-verbal facets of
language.

TASK 1
Construct a comprehensive infographics regarding globalization. The content of the
infographics must include the following:

1. Define globalization The presentation will graded on

2. Causes and effect of these criteria:
globalization 1. Content 8
3. Globalization to 2. Creativity 8
communication, its pros’ and 3. Task achievement 4
cons’ 20

LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Listen to the culturally suitable terms, expressions, and images in multicultural

set-up.
2. Appreciate cultural awareness and sensitivity on intercultural communication

PRE-TASK

AGREE OR DISAGREE. Evaluate your understanding your agreement and

disagreement with the statement that follows. If you feel the statement is right write
“AGREE” and “DISAGREE” if otherwise.

1. Self-confidence requires good eye to eye contact.

2. A handshake is expected by the employer every after a job interview.
3. Everybody values one another over the collective.
4. Students learn best in a supportive and healthy atmosphere.
5. Barriers must be lessen to the best possible way.
6. One must utter what he/she wants.
7. Doing business is the best way to improve life.
8. Pink is for girls; blue is for boys.
19 9. Information comes along with the speaker or writer.
10. John
In US, informal presentation got high approval rate than the Anthony D. Piollo
formal
presentations. johnanthonydaigpiollo@gmail.com
 Purposive Communication

Multiculturalism refers to the presence of people with several cultures in specific setting. It is the
co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious or cultural groups and is
manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking and
communicative styles.

The world today is characterized by ever growing compacts resulting in

communication between people with different linguistic and cultural background. One of the
most forms of global communication is an email. A person is one country types a message
and clicks the send button. The message is then encoded into packets which are sent
across the internet to the recipient. In another country, the receiver logs in and decode the
message by opening the email, and retrieves the message.

Global communication becomes more complicated when there are multiple

recipients from different culture with different language all receiving the same message, as
well as when there are more layers added to the channel. For example, if a world leader
makes as a speech broadcast across the globe people from one region may rejoice at the
news, while others may find it offensive. In this case, the channel itself can involve many
different layers, as translator, news, editor and commentators each interpret the message
differently before passing it on the intended audiences.

Local and Global Communication

It is the way on how we communicate to others. By using our own languages and an
English Language, we can make a conversation locally and globally. The man purpose of this is to
have an idea on how can we apply what we learned from them for ourselves and for our
community. It can also be the way for our country to have sufficient knowledge to make it more
outstanding.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Smereker (2016), wrote that the word intercultural communication was first used
by Edward Hall in 1959 in his book “The Silent language”. And in todays’ almost borderless
world, intercultural communication is unavoidable for many businesses. Since the time of
Hall, the field of intercultural communication has grown so much that getting single
definition might not reflect the richness this field of study has to offer. And so, here are
some insightful definitions from some authors:

Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from

two different cultures (Chen &Starosta, 1998).

Intercultural communication refers to the effects on communication behavior,

when different cultures interact together. Hence, one way of viewing intercultural

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 Purposive Communication

communication is as communication that unfolds in symbolic intercultural

spaces (Arasaratnam, 2013)

From these two definitions, we could note at least two similarities in relation to their
definition. First, there should be interaction. Second, the interaction should be between
cultures. An important additional information provided by the second definition is that
contact affects communication behavior. And sadly, the consequences is often shock and
confusion. In both verbal and nonverbal communication, the pitfall are often
miscommunication, misattribution, sending the wrong information, missing the signal, and
getting the wrong context.

Given the said pitfalls plus the possibility of poor performance or poor team work in
the workplace, many companies now provide awareness training with the aim of increasing
their employees’ competence. These are those who even suggest that intercultural training
be given alongside language classes. Some go as far as talking about an intercultural
approach to language teaching.

IMPROVING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

1. Awareness on different culture to avoid intercultural flux.

2. No culture surpasses other culture.
3. Clear communication and understanding are basic thing in communication but
leads to effective communication.

Remember me   
Another pointer is listener to non-verbal signals. Hall (1959) compared culture an
iceberg where a bigger part of it is unseen and where the importance of the spoken in
everyday life is undervalued and misunderstood. Finally, all cultures are equal. A culture
is neither superior nor inferior to another. It is only different

TASK

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 Purposive Communication

Question: Picture Analysis

1. How is communication reflected in the given image?

WRITTEN VERSUS SPOKEN COMMUNICATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Distinguish the difference between written and spoken communication

2. Share the difference between written and spoken communication
3. Improve communication skills

PRE-TASK

Examine the image below and answer the question that follows:

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 Purposive Communication

QUESTION:

1. What is your understanding of written and verbal communication based on the

given image.

COMPARISON BETWEEN WRITTEN AND VERBAL COMMUNICATION

VERBAL WRITTEN

Social Activity Vs. Solitary Activity

Universally Learned Needs to be taught
Unplanned Generally planned
Gestures and Facial expressions Uses punctuation marks
No permanent Outputs Permanent outputs

Furthermore, Crytal (2006) differentiates speech and writing in relation to physical from
where speech uses phonic substance and writings uses graphic substance. He also
differentiates writing from speaking in relation to structure and use where he also describe
speech as “time bound, dynamic, and transient” and writings as “space bound, static,
permanent”

THE IMPORTANCE OF DISTINGUISHING WRITTEN FROM VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Knowing the difference between written and verbal communication can help improve your
communication skills. For example, you need to remember that unlike a written output that
can be read and over again, effective speaking requires the effective use of clear
pronunciation pausing and emphasis to ensure the listener understands the speech the
first it is heard since there is a possibility that the audience cannot ask the speaker to
repeat the speech. For writing, it is acceptance to compress more words in a sentence
whereas in speaking this should definitely be avoided since long sentences are harder to
understand in speeches.

Speaking:
Yah well !
Shacks! Am Legit!

Writing:
I want to buy food

Characteristics of Written Language

1. Permanence – Students write something they already set in their mind which is
subject to permanence
2. Production time – the given time to finish a composition
3. Distance – the relationship between the writer and audience.

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4. Orthography – the technical appearance of the composition.

5. Complexity – talks about the usage of sentences in the composition whether
students use simple, combine or complex.
6. Vocabulary – the richness of words
7. Formality – follows the convention for academic writing (describe, explain,
compare, criticize, argue, etc.)

Characteristics of Spoken Language

1. Variation in speed
2. Loudness or quietness
3. Gestures
4. Intonation
5. Stress
6. Rhythm
7. Pitch Range
8. Pausing and phrasing

THE FIVE MOST COMMON LANGUAGE REGISTERS IN WRITING

FORMAL LANGUAGE REGISTER - The professional writing and letters to a boss or

stranger.

1. Cannot instead of can’t

2. Have not instead of haven’t
3. Will not instead of wont

Example: business letters, announcement, professional emails, some essay, letters complaint

INFORMAL LANGUAGE REGISTER – Appropriate when written to a friend and people

known very well.

1. They’ve been fighting all day

2. He’s very busy
3. We feel that the target in unrealistic
4. I planned many different

Example: diaries and journals

NEUTRAL LANGUAGE REGISTER – The most appropriate for technical writing

Registers – a subset of language as defined by purpose and setting

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Varieties – a variety is also called as ‘lect” a specific form of language cluster. It includes
Language, Dialects, Registers, Style or other of language, as well as “Standard Variety”

Varieties of the Philippines

1. Cebuano
2. Waray-waray
3. Ilocano
4. Kapangpangan
5. Hiligaynon

Types of Register

A. FROZEN – a language that never changes

B. FOMAL - standard English
C. CONSULTATIVE – Less Standard English
D. CASUAL – language used between friends
E. INTIMATE – language between lovers and close family and friends

TASK. ENUMERATION: Provide an example on each types of register

TASK

Pick a term from your field of specialization and provide at least one paragraph definition and
technical definition of the term chosen. After composing the first draft, create another composition
for speaking (Use the right spaces and bold letters to indicate pausing and emphasis). Make it brief
and concise.

Pre Writing

 Formal definition (Term + class+ differentiating characteristics)

 Technical description
 Other information on the chosen topic
Output will be graded based on content, the given definition and description and the completion of
the task.

Additional knowledge ….

WRITING REACTION PAPER

One of the major tasks you will be asked to do in college is what is known as a reaction
paper. Although there is no strict standard in writing a reaction paper, some professors have
their own format which they expect their students to follow. However, it can be noted as at
least two things are expected from a reaction paper. First, it is expected that a summary or a
general description of the book, film, cultural belief, business practice, or any idea, activity,
event or subject matter is provided. Here, the writer is expected to enumerate and discuss
the most important features of the subject. Secondly, the writer is expected to evaluate the
subject in parts as a whole or both. A fair evaluation should also include both positive and
negative evaluation. Subjective and objective evaluations are characteristic of effective
25 reaction papers.
As an academic research paper, a reaction paper should beJohn written with at
Anthony least 5
D. Piollo
paragraphs. An outline would help one do this easily. Ajohnanthonydaigpiollo@gmail.com
simple outline is given below:

I. summary/description subject matter

II. first evaluation with discussion
 Purposive Communication

On your vacant hours select a movie/video clip to watch, and summarize the content in one
paragraph. Prepare a reaction paper outline of the chosen movie/video clip.

Outline:
I. ______________________________________
II. ______________________________________
III. ______________________________________
IV. ______________________________________
V. ______________________________________

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