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Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields

CS_RS12-Ia-c-2
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 MODULE 2 3
Importance of
Quantitative Research
across Fields

BEGIN
Researchers do research to find solutions, to almost everything, from problems
to solutions, improving or enhancing ways of doing things, provide a new hypothesis, or
simply to find answers to questions or solutions to problems in daily life. Research
findings has improved people’s lives, ways of doing things, businesses, laws, rules and
regulations, and others. Quantitative research, because of its emphasis on evidences,
rather than findings, has been extensively used in most areas of concerns.
Research conducted with significant results were validated and brought positive
changes, improvement and addressed the existing problems in the society. As our
society undergo industrialization, some aspects of society were compromised thus,
emergence of new problems were faced by the following generation which calls for the
conduct of rigorous study and in the conduct of research to address these things. Aside
from these, concerned people who are in the field of research and development and
education sectors in cooperation with the government continuously provide new
technology and develop new products to make life efficient through research.
In this module you will learn the importance of research across the fields.

.
 give the importance of quantitative research across fields.
 recognize the contributions of quantitative research across disciplines
 appreciate importance of quantitative research across different field of
studies.
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Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

1. Why is there a need to conduct researches in the field of Engineering and

Architecture?
I. To produce an environment friendly and efficient structures
II. To integrate the utilization of modern technology in their design
III. To ensure that the designed structures are safe and disaster proof
IV. To determine the utilization of materials and procedure is effective or not
A. I
B. I and II
C. I, II and III
D. I, II, III and IV.
2. Which of these is the importance of research in business and management?
A. Effectiveness & side effects of drugs and therapies
B. Provide solutions to social problems
C. Evaluation of clinical practices
D. Design new product or service
3. Social Weather Bureau conduct researches which focuses on the following topics
EXCEPT ___
A. Deals on social behaviors
B. Providing solutions to social problems
C. Determine the problems through surveys
D. Assess ratings of trust of people to their leaders
4. Which aspect of research is the priority of our scientists nowadays?
A. mitigating effects of climate change
B. diagnosis and treatment of viral disease
C. provision of enough food through agriculture
D. formulation of healthy food and proper nutrition
5. What do you think will happen if research will not be conducted in different fields?
I. New procedures and products will not be created
II. Ideas and new knowledge will not be formed
III. Diseases and disorders will not be treated
IV. New discoveries will not exist
A. I and II C. I, II, and III
B. II and III D. I, II, III and IV

6. In the problem statement “What communicative behaviors are used to respond to

co-workers displaying emotional stress?” which field is the focus of the
researcher?
A. Anthropology C. Sports Medicine
B. Medical Education D. Communication
7. Diagnosis of either positive or negative COVID results of an individual to a given
test is an experimental research in the field of _____?
A. Medicine C. Science
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B. Pharmacy D. Engineering
8. Relationship questions tend to explore how one behavior exhibited by people is
related to other types of behavior could be the focus of research under _____
A. Natural Science C. Social Science
B. Behavioral Science D. Physical Science
9. If you would like to understand more how people interact with other beings in a
given community, which filed would you conduct research on/
A. Natural Science C. Social Science
B. Behavioral Science D. Physical Science
10. Which of the following studies is important in the field of education?
A. Organizational commitment and work performance of women leaders of
Oriental Mindoro
B. Conceptual, Interpersonal, and Technical Skills of Bank Managers: their
relationships to Operational efficiency
C. Level of musical competencies and the teaching performance of high school
MAPEH teachers in Naujan West District
D. Effects of different detergents on the death rate of paramecium

A. Study the pictures below. Identify which field of study of research each of the pictures
illustrate as well as its importance in the field.

1. Field: ___________________________ 2. Field: __________________________

Importance:________________________ Importance:________________________

3. Field: ____________________________ 4. Field: ___________________________

Importance:__________________________ Importance:_________________________
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5. Field: ____________________________ 6. Field: ___________________________

Importance:__________________________ Importance:_________________________
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Directions: If you are going to conduct research which field are you going to focus on?
Why? Which problem would you like to address? What could be the benefit of your
research?
Field

Reasons

Problem need to solved

Beneficiaries

Benefits
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Quantitative Research across Disciplines

Research and Anthropology

Bernard (1994) as cited by Prieto et. al. (2017) says that there are five steps to
follow in conducting true experiments with people:

1. You need at least two groups, called the treatment group (or the intervention group or
the stimulus group) and the control group. One group gets the intervention (a new drug,
for example in treating Covid 19), and the other group (the control group) doesn’t).

2. Individuals must be randomly assigned, either to the intervention group or to the

control group to ensure that the groups are equivalent. Some individuals in a population
may be more religious, or wealthier, or less sickly, or more prejudice than others, but
random assignment ensures that those traits are randomly distributed through the
groups in an experiment. The degree to which randomization ensures equivalence,
however, depends on the size of the groups created. With random assignment, two
groups of 50 are more equivalent than four groups of 25.

3. The groups are measured on one or more dependent variables (income, infant
mortality, attitude toward abortion, knowledge of curing techniques, or other things you
hope to change by the intervention); this is called the pretest.

4. The intervention (the independent variable) is introduced.

5. The dependent variables are measured again. This is the posttest.

Quantitative Research and Communication

Researchers are often interested in how an understanding of particular

communication phenomenon might be generalized to a larger population. For example,
researchers can advance questions like “What effect do punitive behavioral control
statements have on a classroom? What communicative behaviors are used to respond
to co-workers displaying emotional stress? (Allen, Titsworth, Hunt, 2009 as cited by
Prieto et. al. 2017).

Quantitative Research and Sports Medicine

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A quantitative research done by the University of Eastern Finland investigated

the relationship between the mushrooming of fast food chains and obesity of children,
as well as the intervention needed to prevent the children’s obesity from reaching
serious proportions.

The research studied 410 children, with ages ranging from six to eight years old
from Kuopio, Eastern Finland.

The researchers focused on the children’s physical activity and physical inactivity
and the concomitant impact on the children’s amount of adipose tissue (fat mass) and
endurance fitness. The study showed that children who did strenuous exercise for 10
minutes daily had 26-30% less adipose tissue than their peers who were physically
inactive. It had also been found out that even light physical activity for the equivalent
time of passive sitting reduced the children’s adipose tissue by 13%. The study
concluded that physical activity affects effectively the children’s weight control. (Prieto
et. al. 2017)

Quantitative Research and Medical Education

Quantitative research in medical education tends to be predominantly

observational research based on surveys or correlational studies.

Experimental research designs may enhance the quality of medical education.

Said designs test interventions like curriculum, teaching-learning process, or
assessment with an experimental group. Either a comparison or controlled group of
learners may allow researchers to overcome validity concerns and infer potential cause-
effect generalizations.

When designing their own or evaluating other researchers’ studies, researchers

must always keep in mind internal and external validity concerns.

The selection of a research design for any study should be within the parameters
of the research questions as stated in the problem statement or hypothesis. In
quantitative research, the findings will reflect the reliability and validity (psychometric
characteristics of the measured outcomes or dependent variables such as changes in
knowledge, skill or attitudes used to assess the effectiveness of medical education
intervention or the independent variable of interest. (Prieto et. al. 2017)

Quantitative Research and the Behavioral Sciences

Contemporary quantitative scholars are interested in two types of questions:

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1. Questions of relationships and

2. Questions of differences

Relationship questions tend to explore how one behavior exhibited by people is

related to other types of behavior. Examples are verbally aggressive behaviors related
to physical aggression-that is, when a person has high level of verbally aggressive
behavior, does he or she tend to be physically aggressive? Are certain supervisor
communication skills related to the emotional experiences of employees?

Questions of difference explore how patterns of behavior or perceptions might

differ from one group or type of person to another: Do people with disabilities
experience emotional labor differently from those without disabilities? Do women
perceive talkativeness (or lack of it) differently from men? Do communication styles
differ from one culture to the next? (Allen, Titsworth, Hunt, 2009 as cited by Prieto,
2017).

When quantitative researchers explore questions of differences or questions of

relationships, they do so in an attempt to uncover certain patterns of behavior. If the
researcher discovers that a certain relationship exists in a sample that she or he has
drawn from the population, she/he is then in a position to draw generalizations about
patterns expected of human behavior.

Quantitative Research in Education and Psychology

Mertens (2005) as cited by Prieto (2017) says that the dominant paradigms that
guided early educational and psychological research were positivism and its successor,
post positivism. Positivism is based on the rationalistic, empiricist philosophy that
originated with Aristotle, Francis Bacon, John Locke, August Comte, and Immanuel
Kant. The underlying assumptions of positivism include the belief that the social world
can be studied in the same way as the natural world, that there is a method for studying
the social world that is value-free, and that explanations of a causal nature can be
provided.

The following table was done by Doren, Bullis, and Benz, 1996, as cited in
Mertens, 2005 then by Prieto (2017), to illustrate this view of positivism:

Research Problem: Very little is known about the victimization experiences of

adolescents with disabilities, yet previous research has suggested that people with
mental retardation are vulnerable to economic, psychological, and physical abuse.

Research Question: What are the predictors of victimization for a sample of

adolescents with disabilities in transition from high school to adult life?

Method: Students with disabilities and their parents in two western states were
interviewed during the students’ last year in school and once again, when students
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were 1 year out of school.

Participants: Participants were children with disabilities who were identified by the
school as in their last year of high school or who had dropped out of high school
sometime during what would have been their last year (Sample size=422)

Instruments and Procedures: A fixed-response interview was conducted by

telephone with students and their parents by trained interviewers. Predictor variables
were selected based on previous research; these included gender, minority status,
serious emotional disturbance (SED), specific learning disability (SLD), dropout
status, family socioeconomic status, parent rating of academic skills, and a rating of
personal-social skills. The outcome variable of victimization was defined as
experiencing more than one of the following: being teased or bothered, having
something stolen from them, or being hit hard or beaten up.

Results: The following characteristics were associated with a greater likelihood of

being victimized during the first year out of school: prior victimization while still in
school in the previous year, being female, having low post school personal-social
achievement, and having both SED and an arrest record within 1 year of leaving
school.

Discussion: The greatest risk for victimization was for the group who had serious
emotional disturbance and low personal-social achievement. The authors recommend
increasing social skill training directed to this specific group in terms of appropriate
ways to behave in community settings where victimization could occur.

Quantitative Research and the Social Sciences

Quantitative approaches are typically associated with positivist perspectives in

social research. Hammersely (1993, as cited in Henn, Weinstein, Foard,, 2006 and
Prieto et. al. 2017) provides a useful definition of this approach:

The term ‘quantitative method’ refers to the adoption of the natural science
experiments as the model for scientific research, its key features being quantitative
measurement of the phenomena studied and systematic control of the theoretical
variables influencing those problems.

Thus, the logic of such research is to:

 Collect data using standardized approaches on a range of variables;

 Search for patterns of causal relationship between these variables; and
 Test given theory by confirming or denying precise hypotheses.

The methods employed in this type of quantitative social research are most
typically the sample survey and the experiment, a method that is particularly popular in
psychological research.
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In the field of education, the teachers in the higher education institutions are into
research. In response to the changing trends in education, teachers in the basic
education are encouraged to conduct research to address problems in school in order
to increase academic performance of the students and to cater other needs of the
students. This is also done to manage the teaching institutions which includes the
governance, gender and development, inclusive education, teaching and learning etc.

Through Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

researchers, different machines were invented to make our work and our daily life
efficient and easy. New designs of infrastructures like buildings, bridges and roads were
made stronger, beautiful, and environmentally friendly. New materials and procedure
were also utilized to further strengthen to withstand calamities and disasters. Different
programs were made to facilitate faster transactions, manufacturing and response
during disasters. Medical discoveries and improvements were made in diagnosis,
treatments and production of medicine to diseases which doesn’t have cure in the past.

In order to increase the revenue and return of investments, business sector use
research to obtain higher profit but giving quality of products and services. Through
research, analysis of the business and the market will be a basis on the proper time to
open a new business or a new branch in a certain location with a certain product or
services. Managers could also use research to determine the proper management
styles they need in order to run the company smoothly and to address the needs of the
employee and their clientele. Customer’s preferences and satisfaction could also be
determined through research so that business owners could adjust and develop
products and services which could match the customer’s taste and expectations.

In the field of Social Sciences and Humanities, research could be a venue to

understand the behaviors of the society and on how to address the issues encountered
such as stress, child labor, bullying, etc.

Research is a way of understanding and solving problems in the society in order

to make life efficient and to help people will live in harmony with one another.
Development and improvement in life is not possible without research.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Given the following fields of research, indicate research that you would like
to conduct a study on based on your track/ strand. Fill-out the information needed inside
the box below:
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Fields
1 Anthropology
2 Sports
3 Medicine
4 Natural Sciences
5 Behavioral sciences
6 Social Sciences
7 Education and psychology
8. Arts and Design

Track:
Strand:
Field of research:
Description of the research that you want to conduct:

Importance of Research in the chosen field:

Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module! You have just

had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.
Directions: Complete the statement below
I have learned that _____________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________
I wish to ask my teacher about ____________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________.
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Directions: Through research how would you imagine your future community or
society? Illustrate it below.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

1. Why is there a need to conduct researches in the field of Engineering and

Architecture?
I. To produce an environment friendly and efficient structures
II. To integrate the utilization of modern technology in their design
III. To ensure that the designed structures are safe and disaster proof
IV. To determine the utilization of materials and procedure is effective or not
A. I
B. I and II
C. I, II and III
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D. I, II, III and IV.

2. Which of these is the importance of research in business and management?
A. Effectiveness & side effects of drugs and therapies
B. Provide solutions to social problems
C. Evaluation of clinical practices
D. Design new product or service
3. Social Weather Bureau conduct researches which focuses on the following topics
EXCEPT ___
A. Deals on social behaviours
B. Providing solutions to social problems
C. Determine the problems through surveys
D. Assess ratings of trust of people to their leaders
4. Which aspect of research is the priority of our scientists nowadays?
A. mitigating effects of climate change
B. diagnosis and treatment of viral disease
C. provision of enough food through agriculture
D. formulation of healthy food and proper nutrition
5. What do you think will happen if research will not be conducted in different fields?
I. New procedures and products will not be created
II. Ideas and new knowledge will not be formed
III. Diseases and disorders will not be treated
IV. New discoveries will not exist
A. I and II C. I, II, and III
B. II and III D. I, II, III and IV
6. In the problem statement “What communicative behaviors are used to respond to
co-workers displaying emotional stress?” which field is the focus of the researcher?
A. Anthropology C. Sports Medicine
B. Medical Education D. Communication
7. Diagnosis of either positive or negative COVID results of an individual to a given
test is an experimental research in the field of _____?
A. Medicine C. Science
B. Pharmacy D. Engineering
8. Relationship questions tend to explore how one behavior exhibited by people is
related to other types of behavior could be the focus of research under _____
A. Natural Science C. Social Science
B. Behavioral Science D. Physical Science
9. If you would like to understand more how people interact with other beings in a
given community, which filed would you conduct research on/
A. Natural Science C. Social Science
B. Behavioral Science D. Physical Science
10. Which of the following studies is important in the field of education?
A. Organizational commitment and work performance of women leaders of
Oriental Mindoro
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B. Conceptual, Interpersonal, and Technical Skills of Bank Managers: their

relationships to Operational efficiency
C. Level of musical competencies and the teaching performance of high school
MAPEH teachers in Naujan West District
D. Effects of different detergents on the death rate of paramecium

The following terms used in this module

are defined as follows…

Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior

and societies in the past and present.

Behavioural sciences explore the cognitive processes within

organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in
the natural world.

Educational psychology is devoted to the study of how people learn including

differences in learning, gifted learners, and learning disabilities.

Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic

study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviors of individuals or groups.
Quasi-experiment is an empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal
impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment.

Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the
treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise.
Social science is the branch of science devoted to the study of societies and the
relationships among individuals within those societies.

Try this! Do this Explore Apply what you Assess what

1. D 1. Archeology/ Answers may have learned you have
2. D History vary Answers may vary learned
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3. B 2. Science/ 1. D
4. B Medicine 2. D
5. D 3. Agriculture 3. B
6. D 4. Food 4. B
7. A Technology 5. D
8.B 5.Culture 6. D
9. C 6. Engineering 7. A
10. C 8.B
9. C
10. C

Baraceros, Esther L., (2016). Practical Research 2, Rexbookstore, Inc., Quezon City,
Philippines
Prieto, Nelia G.et.al., (2017). Practical Research for Senior High School 2 (Quantitative
Research) Lorimar Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines