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Topic: Applications of First Order Equations (A) Newton's Law of Cooling/Warming Problem

This document discusses applications of first order differential equations to modeling cooling/warming and growth/decay problems. It provides 9 examples of such problems, including using Newton's law of cooling to determine temperature over time for objects cooling in air or warming to room temperature, and modeling population growth or bacterial growth over time when the growth rate is proportional to the current population. The examples range from determining future temperatures or populations given initial and later measured values.

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Sadia afrin
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84 views2 pages

Topic: Applications of First Order Equations (A) Newton's Law of Cooling/Warming Problem

This document discusses applications of first order differential equations to modeling cooling/warming and growth/decay problems. It provides 9 examples of such problems, including using Newton's law of cooling to determine temperature over time for objects cooling in air or warming to room temperature, and modeling population growth or bacterial growth over time when the growth rate is proportional to the current population. The examples range from determining future temperatures or populations given initial and later measured values.

Uploaded by

Sadia afrin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Applications of First Order Equations

(a) Newton’s Law of Cooling/Warming problem


1. A thermometer reading 18°F is brought into a room the temperature of which is
70°F. One minute later the thermometer reading is 31°F. Determine the
temperature reading as a function of time and in particular, find the temperature
reading five minutes after the thermometer is first brought into the room.

2. The temperature of air is 30 ℃. In it a body temperature cools from 100 ℃ to 70℃


in 15 minutes. Find when the temperature will be 40℃ ?

3. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in


moving air is proportional to the difference between the temperature of the
substance and that of the air. If the temperature of the air is 290 K and the
substance cools from 370 K to 330 K in 10 minutes, find when the temperature
will be 295K.

4. Air at temperature 200K is passed over a substance at 300K. The temperature of


the substance cools down to 260 K in 30 minutes. Assuming that the rate at which
a substance cools in moving air is proportional to the difference between the
temperature of the substance and that of the air, find after what time the
temperature of the substance would be 240K.

(b) Rate of Decay/Growth problem


5. The population of a certain community is known to increase at a rate
proportional to the number of people present at time. If the population has doubled
in 5 years, how long it will take to triple? To quadruple?

6. The population of a city increases at a rate proportional to the present number. It


has an initial population of 50,000 that increases by 15% in 10 years. What will be
population in 30 years?

7. The population of a certain country is known to increase at a rate proportional to


the number of people presently living in the country. If after two years the
population has doubled, and after three years the population is 20,000, estimate the
number of people initially living in the country.
8. A bacteria culture is known to grow at a rate proportional to the amount present.
After one hour, 1000 strands of the bacteria are observed in the culture; and after
four hours, 3000 strands. Find (a) an expression for the approximate number of
strands of the bacteria present in the culture at any time t and (b) the approximate
number of strands of the bacteria originally in the culture.

9. The number of bacteria in a yeast culture grows at a rate which is proportional to


the number present. If the population of a colony of yeast bacteria triples in 1 hour,
find the number of bacteria which will be present at the end of 5 hours.

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