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CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender

(LGBTQIA+) people is now on the world stage. It is in common place. Gay,

lesbian or bisexual people are 10 times more likely to experiences discrimination

based on sexual orientation as compared to heterosexual people. Mistreatment

comes in many forms from seemingly benign jokes to verbal insults unequal

treatment and in the most extreme cases. Physical Violence further, for many

LGBTQIA+ people, the bias is everywhere and last their lifetime at home, school,

work and in the community.

In Russia, hosting of the 2014 Winter Olympics has brought a spotlight not

only on Russians harsh anti-gay law, but also the Treatment of LGBTQIA+people

everywhere while substantial gains have been made in the acceptance of

LGBTQIA+ people. Bias is still prevalent and has very real mental health

consequences (Friedman, 2014).

Unfortunately, positive information and resources regarding sexual

orientation and gender Identity are exceedingly rare in secondary schools in the

Philippines when students do learn about LGBTQIA+ people and issues in

School. The messages are typically negative rejecting same-sex relationships

and Transgender Identities as immoral or unnatural. Human Right Watch which

notes the influence of the Catholic church on issues dealing with sexuality. In this

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regard, the researchers will investigate what are the discrimination experienced

by the LGBTQIA+QA+ students of Bulacan College of Commerce & Trade.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the effects of discrimination to the

psychological, emotional and socialization of LGTB students of BCCT.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions;

1. What are the discrimination experienced by the LGBTQIA+QIA+ student of

BCCT?

1.1 Verbal

1.2 Physical

2. How Discrimination affect in LGBTQIA+QIA+ in the student of BCCT in terms

of.

2.1 Emotional

2.2 Social

Scope and Limitation

The study aims to determine the Psychological, Emotional and

Socialization effects of discrimination on the LGBTQIA+students. This study is

limited and focuses on random students of Bulacan College of Commerce and

Trade, S.Y 2019,2020. The result of the study may also be basis for other similar

study.

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Conceptual Framework

This study is guided by the conceptual model illustrated in figure 1 below.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

reasons? understand that questionnaire

A. Emotional their doing is wrong

B. Social To be able, the

bullied can shine

because of their

talent and skills.

Significance of the Study

Further study should be encouraged and given more attention to

determine the psychological, emotional and socialization effects of discrimination

of LGBTQIA+Q. This research will be beneficial for the following:

PARENT for them to aware on how they can manage the struggles of their

preference cause by discrimination.

MEMBER OF LGBTQIA+for them to know how Discrimination affect them

in many ways

TEACHER for them to teach or give an advice to those students who are

affected of discrimination

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SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR They will able to help the teachers ti have

their will also to encourage the student to stop on to prevent the discrimination.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS for they will have guide and they can use this

research as reference of future study it can also help them to give Ideas on every

research.

Definition of terms

The following words are operationally defined as:

Discrimination — The practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people

differently from other people or groupings of people.

Emotional — Likely to show or express emotion; easily upset, excited, etc.

Social — To talk to and do things with other people

— To behave in a way that is acceptable in society.

LGBTQIA+ — Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Falls (2016) stated:

Many schools across the United States remain hostile environments for

LGBTQIA+ students despite significant progress on LGBTQIA+ rights in

recent years, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.

Measures to improve student safety and inclusion are urgently needed at

all levels of government. The 106-page report, Like Walking Through a

Hailstorm’: Discrimination against LGBTQIA+ Youth in US Schools,

documents a range of problems facing LGBTQIA+ students. The concerns

include bullying and harassment, exclusion of LGBTQIA+ topics from

school curricula and resources, restrictions on LGBTQIA+ student groups,

and discrimination and bigotry from both classmates and school personnel

on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Too many US

schools are hostile environments for LGBTQIA+ kids, and not only

because they can’t use the appropriate bathrooms or locker room,” said

Ryan Thoreson, a fellow in the LGBTQIA+ Rights Program at Human

Rights Watch. “In every state we visited, we heard stories of students who

were insulted, cyber-bullied or attacked, and teachers who allowed

discrimination and harassment because they see it as normal behavior.

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Synthesis

The environment for the LGBTQIA+ students in United States are still

hostile despite its continuous progress in their rights from the past years. The

report strongly waits like walking through a hailstorm: discrimination against

LGBTQIA+QIA+ students stated the LGBTQIA students’ problem including

bullying harassment and restriction on the groups they attend to join.

Teachers who allows this attitude which they see normal, was also stated on

the study.

Bostwick, Boyd, and West (2015) defines:

the above review demonstrates that single types of discrimination are

associated with poorer mental health outcomes in a variety of population

groups. However, given that most people’s lived experiences are rooted in

numerous intersecting identities, e.g., African- American lesbian, bisexual

Japanese-American man, the partitioning of discriminatory experiences

likely provides a partial account of the effect(s) of discrimination on mental

health. Beyond the need to address multiple types of discrimination and

variable effects on mental health outcomes, literature to date has rarely

made a distinction between lesbian, gay or bisexual identities. There is

evidence to suggest, however, that bisexual groups in particular have

unique experiences with discrimination—including stigma and stereotyping

—that are specific to their bisexual identity and that differ from the

experiences of lesbian women and gay men.

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Synthesis

There are several researchers that studies the discrimination

experienced by LGBTQIA+. In their study investigate that there will be more

negative reaction than positive attitudes. A result had shown that majority of

the respondents have accept and support the LGBTQIA+QIA+ people and are

able to become of the allies. The finding from this study can be used to

acquire knowledge to people about societal attitudes to decrease any

oppression or gender discrimination.

Radcliffe (2016) defined:

Discrimination against members of the lesbian, gay, bi, trans and intersex

community doesn’t just hurt people; it hurts families, companies and entire

countries. The latest video from the UN Free & Equal campaign, The

Price of Exclusion highlights the social and economic damage caused by

discrimination against LGBTQIA+ people globally.

Synthesis

The discrimination they go through affects their family and even the

companies they work at which become a global issue.

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Local Literature

De Santos, (2018) stated:

LGBTQIA+ students in the Philippines are often the targets of ridicule and

even violence ," Ryan Thoreson, a fellow in the LGBTQIA+ rights

program at Human Rights Watch, said, citing interviews with 76 high

school students and recent graduates who identified as LGBTQIA+ or

questioning. HRW also interviewed 22students who did not identify as

LGBTQIA+ or questioning, and 46 parents, teachers, counselors,

administrators and experts. When I was in high school, they’d push me,

punch me, Carlos M., a 19-year-old gay student from Olongapo City, said

in the HRW report called Just Let Us Be: Discrimination Against

LGBTQIA+ Students in the Philippines. Carlos added that the abuse did

not end when classes did, saying he was followed, pushed and verbally

abused after school. This, despite a law against bullying and Department

of Education guidelines prohibiting bullying on the basis of sexual

orientation on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, HRW

said. Many of the respondents said they were not aware of policies against

bullying or did not know who to turn to in case they were bullied or

harassed. President Duterte has spoken out against bullying and

discrimination against LGBTQIA+ people in the past, and he should do so

now, Thoreson said. The bullying and harassment can have long-term

effects, as Benjie A., 20, says in the report. "I was depressed, I was

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immoral or unnatural, HRW, which notes the influence of the Catholic

Church on issues dealing with sexuality, said. It does not help that many

school policies like those on uniforms and hairstyles forced LGBTQIA+

students to sometimes appear in a manner inconsistent with their gender

identity, which, HRW said, "made them unhappy and uncomfortable,

lessened their confidence, and impaired their concentration. For some,

these policies were sources of intense anxiety and humiliation, and in

some cases led to extended school absences and even leaving schooling

entirely. Although there have been moves to pass an Anti-Discrimination

Bill, which will prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and

gender identity, legislation has been met with opposition from the church

and allied groups that tie the passage of the bill to same-sex marriage,

which the bill does not seek. HRW said that aside from speaking out

against bullying, President Rodrigo Duterte can voice support for

legislation that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation

and gender identity, including in education, employment, health care, and

public accommodations. The president's PDP- Laban party enjoys

supermajorities in both chambers of Congress and he can certify pieces of

legislation as urgent to speed up the legislative process. Local government

units, meanwhile, can pass similar ordinances or release the implementing

rules and regulations for already existing ordinances against

discrimination. HRW also urged the Department of bullied, I didn’t know my

sexuality, I felt unloved, and I felt alone all the time. And I had friends, but I

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still felt so lonely. I was listing ways to die ," he said. HRW said

schools can address these issues by educating students, teachers and the

staff on LGBTQIA+ people and issues Unfortunately, positive information

and resources regarding sexual orientation and gender identity are

exceedingly rare in secondary schools in the Philippines. When students

do learn about LGBTQIA+ people and issues in schools, the messages are

typically negative, rejecting same-sex relationships and transgender

identities as Education to train staff on LGBTQIA+ issues and

terminologies through training sessions with LGBTQIA+ groups. DepEd

should review compliance with the Anti-Bullying Law and the

department's policies against bullying in schools and recommend that

schools address sexual orientation and gender identity issues, the rights

watchdog said. It said DepEd can also order schools to respect

students' gender identity &quot ;with regard to dress codes, access to

facilities, and participation in curricular and extracurricular activities. HRW

said the DepEd should also immediately review all curricula, including

textbooks and teaching materials, to ensure that LGBTQIA+ issues are

incorporated " while also removing material that is inaccurate or

derogatory of LGBTQIA+ people.

Synthesis

The discrimination against LGBTQIA+ students in the Philippines definitely

increasing rate and the abuse not end in the classroom but also after the class

happened. It is the fact the LGBTQIA+ discrimination is a long-term affect in our

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society. When people embrace a huge fact of discrimination and harassment

although on government provide, some laws upgrading about this issue it takes

more than a decade how people do stop discriminating in terms of sexuality. It is

important to school to address these kind of issue by providing a real education

and proper orientation by targeting the LGBTQIA+ mental health care.

Manalastas, (2013) stated:

The global literature on LGBTQIA+ mental health, are young Filipino gay

and bisexual men at elevated risk for suicide ideation and suicide attempt,

compared to the general population? Specifically the goals of this analysis

were twofold: (1) to determine the prevalence of suicide risk among Filipino

gay and bisexual male youth using existing nationally representative data,

and (2) to examine any disparities in suicide risk among sexual minority

Filipino male youth, versus the general population. Additionally, I explore

possible factors available in the data that could contribute to suicide risk

among gay and bisexual youth.

Synthesis

The mental health issue in the Philippines is still increasing and part of this

average in LGBTQIA+ who range at millennial part. Who exposed in sexuality

discrimination and harassment for what they are. Sometimes they suicide when

they can't handle the sexuality abuse that they given in the society.

In a report of GMA News' Saksi, (August 14, 2019), stated:

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a transgender woman was not allowed to use the comfort room for females

of a mall in Quezon City on Tuesday. Gretchen Custodio Diez related that

the janitress led her out of the comfort room and told her to use the rest

room for males. She left but returned to talk to the janitress and proceeded

to do a video recording of the exchange. A lady guard then handcuffed

Diez and brought her to the police station. The staff members, reportedly,

were distressed that Diez took a video without their permission. A few

minutes after midnight, Diez told reporters mall staff members have

dropped the charges against her. Bataan Congresswoman Geraldine

Roman, a transgender woman, went to the police station where Diez was

detained. Roman condemned the incident. Senator Risa Hontiveros, in a

statement, said the discrimination against transgender people is

unacceptable. In a post on her social media account, Hontiveros said,

THIS IS UNACCEPTABLE! A lawyer from my office is w/ Gretchen now.

She has my full support. I am extending whatever help she would need to

seek justice .She is being harassed for living her truth. Discrimination

against transgender people has to STOP! she added. Hontiveros took a

swing at people who say that the Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity

Equality or SOGIE Equality Law is not needed in the country because

Filipinos welcome members of the LGBTQIA+ group. A trans woman has

just been humiliated in a mall restroom in Cubao. Pinosasan at dinala sa

Karingal! LGBTQIA+ persons face harassment & discrimination every

day.

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Synthesis

The fact that some transgender encounter difficulties to accept by the

society. It still happening that everyday LGBTQIA+ member examples like using

public restroom, public area and specially on how they dress up. That fact that

the controversial issue of LGBTQIA+members who used a public toilet in the mall

in farmers became a hot topic some of the lawmakers images regarding about

this. To the fact this issue also become a hot issue in the congress and as for the

government want to provide a transparent investigation It remind everyone to

give some for each other.

Foreign Studies

According to Dowd (2018):

In the United States, an estimated 3.2 million youth (ages 8-18) are

LGBTQIA+Q. Among older youth, approximately 8% or 1.6 million youth (in

grades 9-12) identify as LGBTQIA+, and nearly 1% or 150,000 youth (ages

13-17) identify as transgender. Federal statutes currently protect

schoolchildren by prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, national

origin, race, and religion, but do not explicitly protect students from

discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.

According to Williams Institute findings Only 20 states and the District of

Columbia have anti- discrimination or anti-bullying laws that explicitly

protect LGBTQIA+ students. Approximately 55% of LGBTQIA+ youth live

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in states that do not have laws that explicitly protect them from

discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Individual

schools and school districts can also prohibit discrimination based on

sexual orientation and gender identity. However, in a 2015 survey, only

10.2% of LGBTQIA+ students reported that they attended schools with

explicit anti-bullying or anti-discrimination protections for sexual orientation

and gender identity/expression.

Synthesis

Almost half of the living on earth were part of LGBTQIA+QIA+ and most of

them are experiencing discrimination and sexual harassment. According to

Williams institute finding, Columbia and other 20 states are the only country

that has anti-bullying and anti-discrimination act. To protect people especially

student who part of LGBTQIA+community. The rest of the country don't have

the same protection for LGBTQIA+ unlike Columbia..

Radcliffe (2016) stated:

According to studies carried out in the United States, the United Kingdom

and Thailand, between half and two thirds of LGBTQIA+ students are

regularly bullied at school and up to a third skip school to escape

harassment. Many LGBTQIA+ youth, bullied at school and rejected at

home, end up homeless. Up to 40% of homeless young people on the

streets of major U.S. cities identify as LGBTQIA+ or queer, compared with

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likely less than 10% of the overall youth population. A U.S. study found

that gay and lesbian young people are four times more likely to

contemplate or attempt suicide, compared with the general population

while Tran’s youth are ten times more likely to do so. On a range of social

and economic indicators, LGBTQIA+ people, especially lesbians and

transgender people, tend to fare poorly compared with the general

population. Studies in multiple countries have found rates of poverty, food

insecurity and joblessness to be elevated in the LGBTQIA+ community.

Synthesis

According to studies carried out in the United States. The United Kingdom

and Thailand, between half and two thirds of LGBTQIA+QIA+ students are

regularly bullied at school. This study is found that gay and lesbian young people

are four times more likely to contemplate or attempt suicide studies in multiple

countries have found rates of poverty. Food insecurity and joblessness to

elevated in the LGBTQIA+QIA+ community

Singh and Durso (2017) stated:

Conducted a research from the Center for American Progress, shows that

LGBTQIA+ people across the country continue to experience pervasive

discrimination that negatively impacts all aspects of their lives. In

response, LGBTQIA+ people make subtle but profound changes to their

everyday lives to minimize the risk of experiencing discrimination, often

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hiding their authentic selves. Over the past decade, the nation has made

unprecedented progress toward LGBTQIA+ equality. But to date, neither

the federal government nor most states have explicit statutory

nondiscrimination laws protecting people on the basis of sexual orientation

and gender identity. LGBTQIA+ people still face widespread discrimination:

Between 11 percent and 28 percent of LGBTQIA+ workers report losing a

promotion simply because of their sexual orientation, and 27 percent of

transgender workers report being fired, not hired, or denied a promotion in

the past year. Discrimination also routinely affects LGBTQIA+ people

beyond the workplace, sometimes costing them their homes, access to

education, and even the ability to engage in public life.

Synthesis

This study shows that LGBTQIA+QIA+ people across the country

continue to experience pervasive. The nation has made unprecedented

progress toward LGBTQIA+QIA+ equality. Discrimination also routinely affects

LGBTQIA+ people beyond the workplace, sometimes costing them their

homes, access to education, and even the ability to engage in public life.

Local Studies

Duhaylungsod ET. al., in (2018) stated:

There are several researches that studies the discrimination experienced

by LGBTQIA+. One of those is the research by Duhaylungsod ET. al., in

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2018. In their study they investigated the attitudes toward LGBTQIA+ by

surveying 86 students from Iligan City National High School and 14

teachers from senior high school department. It was hypothesized that

there will be more negative reactions than positive attitudes. A result had

shown that majority of the respondents have accept and support the

LGBTQIA+ people and are able to become one of the allies. The findings

from this study can be used to acquire knowledge to people about societal

attitudes to decrease any oppression or gender discrimination.

Synthesis

There are several researchers that studies the discrimination

experienced by LGBTQIA+QIA+. In their study investigate that there will be

more negative reaction than positive attitudes. A result had shown that

majority of the respondents have accept and support the LGBTQIA+QIA+

people and are able to become of the allies. The finding from this study can be

used to acquire knowledge to people about societal attitudes to decrease any

oppression or gender discrimination.

Breinholt (2018) stated:

In his study that was conducted in the University of the Philippines, Diliman

Campus, Quezon City, Philippines, interviews were carried out in the

working place of UP Babaylan in the Palma building. As this research

aimed to explore a certain phenomenon through people’s experience, it

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was designed as a descriptive qualitative study, specifically

phenomenology which is helpful to obtain rich information concerning the

current situation of the phenomenon and to describe " what exists

" in a situation. It is because the phenomenology is concerned with

the lived experiences of the people involved in the research and it is

powerful tool for understanding subjective experience and gaining insights

into people’s inspiration and actions. The homogeneous sampling strategy

was used in this study since it is suitable to look for participants who have

similar certain characteristics or experiences. As we would like to select

people who work in the same organization and have similar working

experiences, this approach fit our aim very well. All the executive members

(current or former) were students of the University. Since college students

in the Philippines are mostly older than 18, we set the age range as 18

years and older to recruit all the potential participants. The criteria for

recruitment were The inclusion criteria: The University students who self-

identified as LGBTQIA+ and are current or former executive members of

UP Babaylan All the people who meet the requirement should also be 18

years old and above; and They should be in both sound physical and

mental conditions, being able to talk with other for 30-45 min.

Synthesis

This study was conducted in the University of the Philippines diliman

campus, Quezon City, Philippines. Interviews were carried out in working

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place of UP Babaylan in the Palma building. This research aimed to explore a

certain phenomenon through people’s experience because phenomenology is

concerned with the live experiences of the people involved in the research and

it is powerful tool for understanding subjective experience in gaining insights in

to people inspiration and actions. The federal statutes currently protect school

children by prohibiting do not explicitly protect student from discrimination on

the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. According to Williams

institute finding only 20 states and the District of Columbia have anti-

discrimination or anti bullying laws that explicitly protect LGBTQIA+QIA+

students.

(Kenagy, 2005) stated:

The reporting of gender identity and sexual orientation varied. The sexual

orientation of participants was rarely, if ever, reported. Conversely, gender

was regularly, if not always, reported. Although not necessarily uniform,

and depending on the sample that was selected, many of the studies

included “transgender” as a gender category along with “female” and

“male.” Although the inclusion of a transgender category is a positive

development, it is rarely specified into the categories of “transgender male”

or “transgender female” or “gender non-conforming.” This is an important

distinction because transgender females and males and gender non-

conforming individuals may have very different needs and experiences of

homelessness. For example, among transgender individuals who have not

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experienced homelessness, transgender males were more likely than

transgender females to report engaging in future high-risk sexual activities

and to feel unsafe in public (Kenagy & Bostwick, 2005). Transgender

females were found to have different service needs than transgender

males, including child care, family planning, parenting skills, information

regarding HIV/AIDS and STIs, and treatment for drug problems (Kenagy &

Bostwick, 2005). Transgender females have also been found to experience

physical abuse and violence to a greater degree than transgender males.

Synthesis

This study is about the importance of distinction because transgender

females and males and gender non-conforming individuals may have very

different needs and experience of homelessness. Transgender females were

found to have different service needs than transgender males, including child

care, family planning, parenting skills, information regarding HIV/AIDS and STIs,

and treatment for drugs problems. (kenagy and Bostwick, 2005). Transgender

females have also been found to experience physical abuse and violence to a

greater degree than transgender males.

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Chapter III

Research Methodology

Methodology

This chapter discusses the research design, population, sample and

sampling technique, research instruments, data collection and statistical analysis

that were used in this study.

Research Design

In order to achieve the purpose of this study the descriptive method is

used by the researcher to determine the effects of discrimination to the

psychological, Emotional and Socialization of LGBTQIA+students of BCCT.

the researchers used the survey questionnaire as their instrument to

gathered details the 50 respondent from Grade 11 and 12 was able to answer

the survey.

Population, Sample and Sampling Technique

The researcher have all students in Bulacan college of commerce and

trade. We believed that having all students as our respondents will somehow

provide adequate data to be interpreted for this study There are various

respondents that had been asked to obtained the specific data needed and used

by the researcher because there had been restriction imposed to those who were

tested and all of the member of Bulacan college of commerce and trade. Student

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has no equal chance of inclusion in the sample. This study involves the students

of Bulacan college of commerce and trade.

Research Instruments

The researcher prepared questionnaire to determine the views of the

student of Bulacan college of commerce and trade. This can be determined

based from the indicators such as respondent profile. Who experiencing

discrimination of LGBTQIA+Q. The researcher subject was asked to choose their

prepared response by checking the box for their options based on their personal

feelings and perception along the given data.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher followed sequential steps during the data gathering

procedures. The information and data was gathered using the descriptive survey

that was distributed to the student of Bulacan college of commerce and trade inc

who engage in discrimination of LGBTQIA+Q..

Statistical Tools

1. To quantify the discrimination experience and how the respondent deals

with discrimination percentage will be use

2. To quantify the effect of discrimination on Psychological, Emotional,

Socialization will be use

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