Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards the Outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay

Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City

A Research Study
Presented to
The Faculty of School of Nursing
University of Baguio

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Subject
Nursing Research

Bienne Zyrus Earl Carpio

Carlos James Viray Jimenez
Jastine Joy Ulanday Tomas
Patrisha Anne Diaz Atienza

November 2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The group would like to extend their sincere gratitude to the people who made this

research study possible.

Foremost, they want to offer the endeavor to God Almighty for the wisdom He bestowed

upon them, the strength, and patience He has given in order to accomplish the task.

To the University of Baguio School of Nursing for giving the group the opportunity to be

immersed in the field of research.

To Ma’am Angela Moulic, their research adviser, who has patiently shared her

knowledge and for continually guiding them throughout their research and study experience.

Also, to all the research instructors that has helped improve the research paper.

Lastly, the group would like to thank their families for their continuous support

emotionally, spiritually, and financially in the midst of trials and adversities. They were the ones

who continually guides them and have always been by their side to achieve their goals and

aspirations in life. This was also because of their unending trust towards them.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE . . .. . . . . . . . .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . .

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . .

iii

CHAPTER

1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Background of the Study………………………………………………...………….1

Review of Related Literature……………………………………...…....

…………...2

Conceptual Framework………………………………..……………….....……...…5

Significance of the

Study………………………………………………………........7

Goals and Objectives……………………………………………......…….…….......8

Statement of the Problem and Null Hypothesis……………………………..

……….9

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………….……………………………......10

Population and Locale of the Study……………………………………..

……........10

Sampling Size and Technique…………………………………………...…….

…...11

Data Gathering Tool……………………………………………………….……....11

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………….……...12

 Ethical Consideration……………………………………………………….……..12

Treatment of Data…………………………………………………….….….……..13

REFERENCES………………………………..…………………………………….…..……...15

APPENDICES

A. Informed Consent……………………………………………………………..…………19

B. Letter to the School of Nursing Dean, Barangay Captain, & to the

Respondents………...25

C. Sample Questionnaire………………………………………………………….………..28

LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title Page

1 The KAP Theory Model……………….…………...………….6

2 Graph of recovered COVID-19 cases in Baguio City…….….11

LIST OF TABLES
Number Title Page

1 Likert Scale Interpretations……………………….………….12

 CHAPTER 1

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Background of the Study

The world has gone through a very devastating hurdle: the COVID-19 virus. It has

caused the world to change and to evolve into this state of panic and uncertainty. There have

been many measures to try and put a stop to this virus, especially in the little ways/methods.

However, the true spur to the fight comes to correct knowledge, right attitude, and proper

practice of each individual.

The COVID-19 virus has led to such distressing hurdles in our society. In the clinical

setting, the unparalleled outbreak of the virus globally has emphasized the importance of the

laboratory diagnosis of human coronavirus infections in order to limit the spread as well as to

appropriately treat those patients who have a serious infection. A study found that the key to

putting a stop to the spread of the virus is a safe, simple, and fast method of testing that can be

used in local clinics and hospitals that already have the needed instruments and that are

responsible for identifying and treating such patients for localities and regions of the world

(Tang, Y.et. al,. 2020).

However, besides the rising number of cases and fatalities due to the pandemic, there has

also been significant socio-economic, political and psycho-social impact to people all over the

world. (Banerjee, R. et. al,.2020). In the socio-economic aspect, numerous jobs have been lost

and many businesses closed down that left countless starving with no sign of relief. Many

guidelines and terms of employment have been revised that has hurt the workforce and the

economy. In the political aspect, people greatly hang on the actions done by the governments.

Trust is a huge factor when it comes to the government-citizen relationship. Lastly, on the

psycho-social aspect. The pandemic forced a quick shutdown of the regular habits and patterns

of social interaction that fueled economic and social activities. In turn, many infrastructures

based on interpersonal contact had to change drastically (an example are schools, religious

organizations and more).

Today, the world is still in shock of the effects of the virus that has turned into a

pandemic. Experts are still trying to find a solution to the countless problems that the world

have. But ultimately, the cure to this virus is the key to solve all the problems. Despite cases of

people acquiring the virus is rising, at the same time some countries have also either lessened the

1
cases or even completely depleted the cases. Many pharmaceutical companies are in a race for a

COVID-19 vaccine and for now that is the hope we cling on to.

This is the reason why the researchers chose to unravel mysteries to hygiene practices. Many of

the cases begin in the small communities where they could ultimately contribute to the rising

cases of the infected. Hygiene is indeed one of the smallest things people can do to avoid the

spread of infection.

Review of Related Literature

Knowledge

According to the World Health Organization (2019), Coronaviruses are a large family of

viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory

Syndrome (SARS). A viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was identified in

Saudi Arabia in 2012, it was termed as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus or MERS‐

CoV. Now, a new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has troubled the world. COVID-19 is

an emerging respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV

2) that may show mild to severe symptoms including fever, cough and tiredness, as for the less

common symptoms, this includes aches and pains, sore discoloration of fingers or toes, and for

serious symptoms, shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure and loss of speech or movement

may manifest (WHO, 2020). It originated in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China last December

2019 (Cennimo, 2020), the outbreak quickly then infected Chinese citizens who then travelled to

different countries infecting other people causing a global emergency.

A communicable disease is an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that

occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an

infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal

or human host (New York, N.Y Health Code, 2010). With this in mind, COVID-19 falls into

this category. (American Public Health Association, 2020) In the Philippines, the very first two

cases were confirmed in January 2020. Both patients were Chinese nationals on vacation in the

Philippines travelling as a couple. (Trop Med Health, 2020) They had no known comorbidities

and reported no history of smoking but were reported that they were in contact with someone

that was unwell in Wuhan. Patient 1 is a 39 year old female Chinese citizen, she is on vacation

in the Philippines. She had experienced symptoms such as cough and sore throat, while patient 2

2
has displayed increased temperature, cough and chills. They were both admitted to San Lazaro

Hospital (Edrada, E., et. al., 2020). Meanwhile, as for the very first local transmission, an article

by Lara Tan, CNN Philippines, stated that a 62-year-old Filipino with no travel history except

that he visited a Muslim prayer hall in Barangay Greenhills, San Juan City has tested positive.

The evidence of the impending threat of a communicable disease is brought about by the lack of

knowledge on communicable diseases.

Attitude

The attitude of a particular group refers to what the population perceives things to be, in

this case, in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are many ways why the attitude of

people is affected towards the COVID-19 pandemic/virus. (WHO, 2014)

The attitude of people toward the pandemic has been a mixture of those following and

those that do not. Several news came out into the public regarding the different attitudes of

people towards the pandemic: The Department of Interior and Local Government has filed a set

of administrative cases against three local officials of Sto. Tomas Pangasinan for violating

quarantine protocols for holding a party to celebrate the Mayor's birthday. The people who

participated in the said gathering had no sense of urgency and need in protecting themselves

against the virus. (CNN, 2020). Another is a group of individuals partying by the beachfront in

San Juan, Batangas do not wear face masks, an apparent violation of the minimum health and

safety protocols. The Department of Tourism condemns the act as a “reckless social gathering”

(J.A. Rocamora, 2020). Lastly, in Baguio City, contact tracing teams recently found out that

several of the city’s newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases were people who attended drinking

sessions and admitted sharing utensils with their friends (Lalu, G. 2020). Once again, the regard

towards the severity of the virus is shunted. Meanwhile, outside of the Philippines: 45 members

of a 60-person choir rehearsal got infected with the COVID-19 virus in Skagit County,

Washington. Before the rehearsal, no member has shown any symptoms. Another happened in

Austin, Texas, where 28 out of 70 students who booked a plane to Mexico for a spring break trip

have tested positive for the virus. (Curley, C. 2020). According to CDC (2020), the more people

an individual interacts with at a gathering and the longer that interaction lasts, the higher the

potential risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 and the higher the level of community

3
transmission in the area that the gathering is being held, the higher the risk of COVID-19

spreading during a gathering.

Practice

Transmissions of the said virus was said to be droplet to why strict protocols such as

handwashing, social distancing, coughing and sneezing etiquette, wearing of personal protective

equipment and avoiding touching of eyes nose and mouth were implied in order to prevent cross

contamination or transmission of virus from person to person. (Guner, R., et. al., 2020).

The Philippine National Police (PNP) has called on all local government units (LGUs) to craft

ordinances mandating the wearing of face masks and observing physical distancing. Mercado

(2020) a total of 99 individuals were arrested in Quezon City for not wearing face masks and

violating quarantine protocols last July 17, among those violators are almost all age group

minors, 21 and above and even Senior Citizens. Wherein young children and Senior Citizens are

more vulnerable to the COVID-19 disease. Pedrajas (2020) 9 employees in Valenzuela City

employees have been suspended for 14 days after being caught in a group photo inside a

government vehicle and violating distancing protocol. In addition, Police Lieutenant Colonel

Allan Curato of the Cagayan de Oro City Police Office (Cocpo) reported that as of noon

Monday, October 5, around 50 persons were issued with Ordinance Violation Receipt (OVR)

after they were caught violating the mandatory wearing of face masks and social distancing

policy.

Dr. DeSilva, a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, presented some of the reasons why people

refuse the use of masks. First, is that competing messages have confused people. This means that

oppositional messages in the media and from people in positions of authority (such as

government officials) could be making the people unsure of whether to wear a mask or not.

Second, denial, according to Dr. DeSilva, is a result from the trauma and severity caused by the

COVID-19 pandemic. Thirdly, is that people just don’t want to be told what to do, this in turns

affects the rest of the communities around them. In addition to people not wearing masks, social

distancing is another attitude factor to be dealt with. Jeffrey Cohen, PsyD, a clinical

psychologist in the department of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center,

mentions six reasons (similar to wearing masks) why people refuse to practice social distancing.

First, is that people are confused with who to follow on the information given from different
4
sources about the pandemic. Second, because of people being stuck in their houses, a lack of

personal connection with the outside world makes the situation feel unreal. Third, is that fear can

cause people to experience denial. Fourth, is that defying guidance makes people feel that they

are in control of their lives. Fifth, is that some people may be having an existential crisis over the

pandemic and the virus. Sixth, many people can justify as to why social distancing is not

required.

To try to help the nation, several non-government organizations reach out to people most

affected by the pandemic. The Red Cross Marikina Chapter, chose 3 barangays to give

health/hygiene kits to because of the following reasons: they have the highest numbers of

COVID-19 cases in the city, a high poverty rate, and high concentration of informal settlers.

Many families can’t even afford a proper kit for hygiene that rather buying those things they

prefer a food on their table these are just one of the ways why the attitude of the people toward

hygiene and the pandemic is hindered and affected.

As of now, there is still no approved cure for COVID-19, and no matter how unrivalled a

measure could a national implement is, the only way to guarantee successful disease control is

people’s adherence to preventive and control measures (Al-Hanawi, M. et. al., 2020).

However, this adherence is highly dependent on the population’s knowledge, attitudes, and

practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Knowledge level and attitudes towards infectious diseases

are interconnected with the level of panic among the population, which can further affect efforts

to prevent the spread of the disease, thus prompting alternative treatment sources (Ngwewondo,

A. et. al., 2020). A study that seeks to analyze knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 was

conducted in Hubei China, and it was reported that education and higher levels of information

contributes to a more positive attitude towards COVID-19 preventive measures (Zhong, B. et.

al., 2020).

The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice in response to

the Novel Coronavirus outbreak inclined to the different sociodemographic variables among the

residents of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City.

Conceptual Framework

5
 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) model determines the knowledge, attitude and

practice of a community and serves to determine what is the educational capacity of the

community (Kaliyaperumal, 2015). This model determines changes in the community, changes

in health hygiene and socio-economic status. Assessing the community for changes the

researcher seeks to investigate what the respondents know about the campaign, their attitude to

the campaign and whether they practice the knowledge gained from the campaign (Akpeh,

Edith, Ezoeoke, Chinwe,2017). The KAP theory is specifically made as a health behavior

change theory, which was proposed by western scholars in the 1960s, in which the changes of

human behavior are divided into three successive processes: the acquisition of knowledge, the

generation of attitudes and the formation. (Fan, 2018) The KAP theory reveals misconceptions

or misunderstandings that may refer or represent hindrances and problems to the activities that

would likely affect the behavior of the individual and ultimately the community.

The use of KAP theory in this study assesses the behavior and the level of awareness of

the residents of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holy Ghost with regards to COVID-19. Assessing

the community comes with taking in mind the three topics that a KAP study measures the

knowledge possessed by a community refers to their understanding of COVID-19, their attitude

and feelings, as well as any perceptions or ideas that they may have towards it, and their practice

to which they demonstrate their knowledge and attitude through their actions and or behaviors.

(Kaliyaperumal, 2020)

The schematic

diagram describes the connection of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Theory. The circle

6
situated at the top of the triangle is the attitude element of the theory which describes the

personal responsibility of each resident in the barangay. The circle on the left-hand corner is the

knowledge element of the theory which describes the understanding of facts and information

known by the community or the barangay about hygiene and health practices. The circle on the

right-hand corner refers to the practice element which is the initiation of action amongst the

residents of the community. Also, the middle of the triangle dictates that when the three

elements (presented in a triangle) are working together they will result in an environment that is

free of Sars-COV. The ring around the triangle connecting the three circles describes the

relationship of each element as they are needed for the attainment of the goal which is having an

environment free of Sars-COV.

For instance, Nhum,H., Hanh,T.,Van,N.,Linh, T. & Tien, Q. (2020) used the KAP theory

in their study to define the awareness, attitudes , and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 control and

some related factors among the population of Vietnam in 2020 composed of 1999 respondents

aged 18-59 years old responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from the Vietnamese group, the

findings revealed that the participants had a high degree of awareness about the preventive

measures for COVID-19, had a good outlook towards the prevention measures for COVID-19,

and had exercised all six measures to prevent the transmission of the virus.

Another theory by Azian, A., Hamzah, M., Sern, T., Ayub, S. and Mohamad, E. (2020)

have used KAP in their study. Their study aims to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and

practices among the Malaysians towards COVID-19, the findings revealed that many

respondents are aware of an efficient way to minimize the transmission of the infection. Also,

most maximum participants had positive attitudes towards COVID-19's effective control,

Malaysia's willingness to overcome the outbreak, and the Malaysian government's way of

coping with the crisis. Lastly, most participants often took precautions, such as avoiding crowds

and sustaining vigorous hand hygiene. The wearing of face masks was less common, however.

The findings demonstrate the value of effective connection from health agencies and the

community, as well as the need for targeted health education campaigns to enhance knowledge,

attitudes and practices.

Significance of the Study

7
 The study aims to assess the extent of knowledge and practices of the residents of

Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City, especially in the prevalence of the

pandemic induced by COVID-19. In this study, by knowing the knowledge, practice, and

attitude that may protrude to COVID-19, the study will contribute to possible interferences of

affectation of Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude in COVID-19. Also, the barangay, as for being

one of the lowest COVID-19 cases in the different barangays in Baguio City, will inhibit

continuity and maintenance of stunt COVID-19 cases. Moreover, this study is useful and

relevant to the following:

To the Residents. The residents will be able to have a better understanding of the

affectation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices in adherence to the pandemic brought by

COVID-19.

To the Barangay. The barangay will be able to have understanding in maintaining the

safety of everyone by taking action and continuing what they already started as evidence of the

low case of their barangay.

To the Students. The student will be able to gain more knowledge regarding how

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices affect the outbreak of Novel CoronaVirus. Moreover, the

utilization of the study will be a reference or basis of the student's classwork.

To the Researchers. The researcher will benefit from the study. The researchers will

have more knowledge regarding the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices amidst the outbreak of

Novel CoronaVirus. In-depth research regarding the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices

towards the outburst of COVID-19 will accommodate the researchers to recognize further and to

identify possible research contributions. Furthermore, future researchers would also be able to

utilize the study to extend and enhance other information that the research study requires.

Goals and objectives

General: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in response to Novel Coronavirus

outbreak inclined to the different sociodemographic variables among the residents of Barangay

Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City.

Specific:

8
1. To determine sociodemographic factors that strongly influences knowledge, attitude, and

practices toward COVID-19.

2. To determine the barangay's readiness to accept behavioral change measures from health

authorities.

Statement of the problem and Hypothesis

Specifically, it quested to answer the following problems:

1. What is the extent of knowledge of the residences of Barangay Upper Honeymoon

Holyghosts, Baguio City towards the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus?

1.1 Is there a significant difference with the knowledge of the respondents in terms of
gender, age, and educational attainment?

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference with the knowledge of the

respondents in terms of gender, age, and educational attainment.

2. What is the extent of the attitude of the residences of Barangay Upper Honeymoon

Holyghosts, Baguio City towards the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus?

2.1 Is there a significant difference with the attitude of the respondents in terms of
gender, age, and educational attainment?

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference with the attitude of the respondents

in terms of gender, age, and educational attainment.

3. What is the extent of practice of the residences of Barangay Upper Honeymoon

Holyghosts, Baguio City towards the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus?

3.1 Is there a significant difference with the practice of the respondents in terms of

gender, age, and educational attainment?

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference with the practice of the residences

in terms of gender, age, and educational attainment.

9
4. Could knowledge, attitude, and practices influence the risk of acquiring COVID-19?

Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude,

and practice of the respondents, and acquiring of COVID-19.

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research design

This study is Quantitative Research that used Descriptive Correlational Designs. It is

concerned with the collection, organization, and presentation of data in a form that is

understandable to all. The correlational research method was also used, it is the process of

collecting data and determining the relationship that exists between two or more quantifiable

variables. In this type of research method, baseline data is made to create a feasible

understanding of not only the similarities but also the differences of each quantifiable variable.

Locale and Population of the Study

The locus of the study will be Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City, as

their locale for this study. The study will be per household focused on the head of the family as

respondents in the Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City with a total household

of 387 in a total of 8 Purok. The barangay is chosen to be the locale of the study as it has been

one of the barangays that has the lowest number of COVID-19 cases, in light of the prevalence

of cases in the different barangays. According to the Public Information Office- the City of

Baguio (2020), there are 181 active cases from 52 barangays in Baguio City as of September 4-

18, 2020, through a statistical graph. The presentation of the data shows that Holyghosts Proper

is with only one positive case. Furthermore, the researchers aim to determine the extent of

knowledge and practices of the barangay residents towards the outbreak of COVID-19,

maintaining a low quantity of COVID-19 cases.

The population of the study will be driven by the following inclusion criteria: the target

population of the study is the existing population of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts,

Baguio City. The research would collect data from all people, irrespective of sex or ethnicity, as

10
well as status unless they could not be present and could not engage in the data collection

process. The age range included in the study: adults (21-59 years of age) and older adults (60

and above).

Moreover, the population of the study will use the following exclusion criteria: those

who do not live in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City, which includes

tourists, and even contractual employees residing temporarily for work purposes regardless of

sex or gender are exempt from the study.

The sampling technique to be utilizing is a simple random method. Furthermore, to

circumscribe the sample size, the researcher will be following Slovin's Formula. The utilization

of Slovin's Formula will calculate the sample size (n) given the population size (N) and a margin

of error (e). It is computed as n = N / (1+Ne2). Let N be 387 households, e be 0.05. As a result,

Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City has 387 households as our population

and a sample size of 197.

Graph 1
Graph of the list of barangay in Baguio City that have recorded positive COVID-19 cases.

Data Gathering Tool

The researcher made use of a survey questionnaire as an instrument in gathering

important data to validate this research study. The questionnaire consists of 2 main parts: The

11
first part is the demographical data and the second part is the COVID-19-related KAP questions.

The questions used for information gathering were all closed-ended. Age, gender, and

educational attainment are the sociodemographic features of the first part of the questionnaire.

Moreover, COVID-19-related KAP was composed of 33 items, each of which was measured

using the Likert scale. COVID-19 awareness was based on a 20-item scale that measured the

resident's knowledge of the prevention, dissemination, symptoms, and treatment of COVID-19.

COVID-19 attitudes were assessed using a 7-item scale that examined attitudes to protective

initiatives, desire, and complaints. Practices that analyzed personal practices and

countermeasures regarding COVID-19 were measured on a 6-item scale.

Descriptive
Arbitrary value Scale Explanation
Equivalent
If the respondents approve to
4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree the statement in a higher level
If the respondents approve to
3 2.50-3.24 Agree the statement in a high level
If the respondents disapprove
2 1.75-2.49 Disagree to the statement in a high level.
1 1.00-1.74 Strongly Disagree If the respondents disapprove
of the statement in a higher
level.

The instrument will be subjected to content validation by a panel of review committee

and research advisers. Each was presented with a set of the instrument and informed of the

instrument. They were then requested to study the items and decide on their suitability. They

were also asked if any other items should be included to fulfill the instrument, and comment on

any part of the scale's items that they felt needed amending or clarification.

Data gathering procedure

A letter signed by every group member requesting to gather data is prepared for the Dean

of School of Nursing and for the barangay officials of Upper Holyghosts, Baguio City. The

researchers will gather data through the self made questionnaire. The survey that will be

conducted will be explained thoroughly to the respondents, any clarifications asked by the

respondents will be answered with full transparency.

The data gathered from this research will be tallied and computed for interpretation.

Results will then be forwarded to the said barangay to inform what the results of the study are.

12
Results of the study will be used for future reference in improving virus control, hygiene and

sanitation.

Ethical Consideration

To give respect to the barangay and its residents, the researcher will make a letter and will

be given to the Punong Barangay, requesting permission to conduct a study on his area of

authority. Also, an Informed consent stating information regarding the research such as the

purpose of the study, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and other necessary details will be

given to the possible respondents to reiterate that they have the will and freedom to choose

whether to or not to participate in the study. When a time came that the respondent no longer

wants to continue participating in the study, he or she may withdraw without worries of having

to face any consequences. The method of gathering the needed data will also be mentioned in

the consent wherein the survey forms will be given to the chosen and willing respondents with

enough time to answer it with full honesty.

All information obtained through the survey will be utilized correctly by the researchers

without compromising confidentiality. Any questions and concerns regarding the study and

procedure that will be raised by the respondents will be addressed by the researchers. Through

this study, the researchers will be able to gain an understanding on how the knowledge, attitude,

practice, as well as the socio-demographic profile of the respondents affect the spread of

COVID19 in their barangay. After the study, the results will be shared and discussed with the

Punong Barangay of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts.

Treatment of Data

The data that will be collected will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The statistical

methods used to interpret data as gathered from the results in the questionnaire consisted of ten

(10) items.

1. The following data gathered indicated the percentage by using the formula:

P = _________ x 100

Where:

P = Percentage

13
 f = frequency
N = Number of respondents
100 = constant multiplier
2. The average weighted mean will be utilized where:

WM = 4F4+3F3+2F2+1F1

Where:

WM = weighted mean

F4 = no. of respondents who answered “Strongly agree”

F3 = no. of respondents who answered “Agree”

F2 = no. of respondents who answered “Disagree”

F1 = no. of respondents who answered “Strongly disagree”

The following scale will be used to interpret the obtained weighted mean:

Scale Descriptive Equivalent

3.25 – 4.00 Strongly agree

2.50 – 3.24 Agree

1.75 – 2.49 Disagree

1.00 - 1.74 Strongly disagree

3. To determine the significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practice

of residents of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City, and spread of Covid 19,

chi-square formula will be utilized:

X2 = ∑(fo-fe)2

fe

Where:

X2 = chi-square value

fo = observed frequency

fe = expected frequency

14
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 KSL76KjuOq6FCGaBAVSpS7WYghxfYxSyujY

Considerations for Events and Gatherings. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2020, from

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/large-events/considerations

-for-events-gatherings.html?fbclid=IwAR0g0zpUA3GquDPkpVz9cwdn22ZqHX

mwJt-352tPrJE8T3wXswkS7LcJUn0

Curley, C. (2020). How Even One Social Gathering Can Quickly Spread COVID-19. Retrieved from

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covid-19?fbclid=IwAR0fhHu52I4ovl_1YnZcOStozeIMIVJkF607VKrodQabLyk

XP2QzakPcazk

Edrada, E. et., al. 2020. First COVID-19 Infections in the Philippines: A Case Report. Trop Med

Health. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154063/

Guner, R. 2020. COVID-19: Prevention and Control Measures in Community. Turk J Med Sci.

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Kumwenda, S. (2019). Challenges to Hygiene Improvement in Developing Countries. Retrieved

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Lalu, G.P. (2020). Baguio friends sharing utensils in drinking sprees led to COVID-19 infection.

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4Z-j-WKfq58RlhfapPyn2_mlEd6RG3I0lc

Lobien, P. 2020. 42 curfew violators nabbed in Baguio amid ECQ. PNA - Gov.ph. Retrieved

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5vo5Lu72Yn4XgYQcXPrbBXAXcvq2WIqJqwokLPtf4IY

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pnp-to-intensify-operations-against-violators-of-covid-19 protocols?fbclid= IwA

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IwAR2SnlceSCXbs3o9q0a1FkUQtgfA9bAitO7N8T6wGUUc0e8TMTcAkUNtcNU

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18
 APPENDIX A

INFORMED CONSENT

Dear respondents,

Please read the following before signing the consent form:

Researchers:

NCA 3 - Group 2-1

Bienne Zyrus Earl T. Carpio

Carlos James V. Jimenez

Patrisha Anne D. Atienza

Jastine Joy U. Tomas

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION: University of Baguio, School of Nursing

NAME OF PROJECT: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards the Outbreak of

Novel CoronaVirus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City

INTRODUCTION: You are invited to participate in a research study on the Knowledge,

attitude, and practice towards the outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper

Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City. You will be asked to answer a questionnaire which takes

about 10-15 minutes to answer. Indication of your names will be optional but a tracking number

is placed in each questionnaire. You don’t have to decide today where or not you will participate

in the research. For any questions or concerns regarding this research, please feel free to contact:

▪ Bienne Zyrus Earl T. Carpio , mobile no.,+639381410938

PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH: This research intends to collect feedback from residents of

Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards

the COVID-19 outbreak, sustaining as one of the barangay lowest numbers of COVID-19 in the

Municipality of Baguio. Understanding resident’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP)

towards COVID-19 are also significant in light of the prevalence of cases in the different

barangays as influence and awareness regarding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) for

COVID-19 outbreak.

TYPE OF RESEARCH INTERVENTION: In this research, you will be asked to answer a

questionnaire regarding Knowledge, attitude, and practices on proper hygiene towards the

19
outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City

which takes about 10-15 minutes to answer.

PARTICIPANT SELECTION: You are being invited to take part in this study because we

believe that you can contribute to the understanding of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices

towards the Outbreak of Novel CoronaVirus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts,

Baguio City

VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION: If you have read this form and have decided to participate

in this project, please understand your participation is voluntary and you have the right to

withdraw your consent or discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of

benefits +to which you are otherwise entitled. The results of this research study may be

presented at scientific or professional meetings or published in scientific journals. However,

your identity will not be disclosed.

PROCEDURES:

A. The researchers are asking you to help us describe the Knowledge, attitude, and practice

during the outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio

City. We are inviting you to take part in this research project. If you accept, you will be asked to

answer a questionnaire regarding Knowledge, attitude, and practice during the outbreak of Novel

Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City.

B. You will be asked to fill out a survey which will be provided and collected by the researchers.

If you do not wish to answer, you may skip them and move on to the next question; the

researchers will not force you to completely answer the questionnaire. The information which

will be gathered from this research will be kept confidential, indicating your name will be

optional but a tracking number will be printed on the questionnaire to identify you. No one else

except the researchers will have access to your questionnaire and its content.

DURATION: Your participation in this study will take approximately 10-15 minutes.

RISKS: There are no foreseeable risks in participating in this study. Your decision of whether

or not to participate in this study will also not affect your studies. The result of the study will

not affect your performance evaluation but it will be used to understand the correlation between

20
clinical supervision and burnout. Furthermore, the study employs the use of a questionnaire,

there are no perceivable risks, but respondents will still be instructed to report any adverse

events that will happen during data collection.

BENEFITS: The benefit which may reasonably be expected to result from this study is the

identification and understanding of Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the outbreak of

Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City .

REIMBURSEMENTS: You will not receive any amount as payment for your participation.

CONFIDENTIALITY: The research will be using a questionnaire. Indicating a tracking

number will be printed on the tool to avoid duplication and identify you. The data that will be

gathered from the questionnaire, and will only be used for this study. Only the researchers will

know your number. Any information concerning you will have a number instead of your name.

This information will be available only to the researchers.

SHARING THE RESULTS: Nothing that will be indicated in the questionnaires will be

shared with anybody outside the research team, and nothing will be attributed to you by name.

The data that we will gather from this research will be shared with you and nurse administrators

who work on collaborative practices. Each participant will receive a summary of the results.

RIGHT TO REFUSE OR WITHDRAW: Choosing to participate in this research is your

discretion. You may stop taking part in the completion of the questionnaire any time that you

wish. You have the right to withdraw from participating anytime that you don’t feel comfortable.

WHO TO CONTACT

CONTACT INFORMATION:

Questions, Concerns, or Complaints: If you have any questions, concerns or complaints about

this research study, its procedures, risks, and benefits you should ask the primary Research;

▪ Mr. Bienne Zyrus Earl T. Carpio , mobile no., +639381410938

This proposal has been reviewed and approved by the University of Baguio – Research

Ethics Committee, which is a committee whose task it is to make sure that research participants

are protected from harm. If you wish to find out more about the University of Baguio-Research

21
Ethics Committee, contact Dr. Isagani A. Paddit, Director of Research and Development Center,

442-4915 loc 232.

22
 CERTIFICATE OF CONSENT

I have been invited to participate in a study about Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the

outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City. I

have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask

questions about it and any questions I have been asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I

consent voluntarily to be a participant in this study

Print Name of Participant__________________

Signature of Participant ___________________

Date ___________________________

Day/month/year

23
 STATEMENT BY THE RESEARCHER/PERSON TAKING CONSENT

I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to the best of my

ability made sure that the participant fully understands what s/he is being asked to do in the

research project.

I confirm that the participant was given an opportunity to ask questions about the study, and all

the questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best of my

ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving consent, and the consent

has been given freely and voluntarily.

A copy of this ICF has been provided to the participant.

Print Name of Researcher/person taking the consent________________________

Signature of Researcher /person taking the consent__________________________

Date ___________________________

Day/month/year

24
 APPENDIX B

LETTER FOR THE SCHOOL OF NURSING-DEAN

November 27, 2020

MS. HELEN D. ALALAG MAN, RN
Dean, School of Nursing
University of Baguio

Greetings!
This is to ask permission from your office that we, Bienne Zyrus Earl Carpio, Carlos James Jimenez,
Patrisha Atienza and Jastine Joy Tomas of BSN 3 NCA, students of the School of Nursing be allowed
to conduct out study entitled “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards the Outbreak of
Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City ”. The
objective of the study is to assess the extent of knowledge and practices of the residents of Barangay
Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City towards the outbreak of COVID-19.

We guarantee that whatever information gathered will be used only for the purpose of the study and be
treated with utmost confidentiality that all protocol or rules and regulation by the institution will be
followed.

Thank you very much and we hope for your kind approval

Sincerely yours.

Carpio, Bienne Zyrus Earl

Jimenez, Carlos James
Atienza, Patrisha Anne
Tomas, Jastine Joy

Noted by:
Angela Moulic, MAN RN
Research coordinator

Approved by:
Helen D. Alalag, MAN, RN
Dean, School of Nursing

25
 LETTER FOR THE BARANGAY CAPTAIN

November 27, 2020

Hon. Romulo Wayway

Brgy. Captain, Brgy. Honeymoon Holyghost,
Municipality of Baguio City
Province of Benguet

Greetings!

We are 3rd year students from University of Baguio taking a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. We
are conducting research entitled, “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards the Outbreak of
Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City ”. The aim of the
study is to evaluate the extent of knowledge, attitude, and practices of the residents of your
Barangay towards the COVID-19 pandemic and detect related associated sociodemographic
variables.

In line with this may we request from your good office to allow us to conduct a simple survey
from your Barangay. This may involve randomly chosen residents. Attached herewith is a copy
of the survey questionnaire.

May we also request assistance from your Barangay security officers that may accompany us as
we conduct the survey in your area.
We are looking forward to a favorable response regarding this matter. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,

Bienne Zyrus Earl T. Carpio

Carlos James V. Jimenez
Patrisha Anne D. Atienza
Jastine Joy U. Tomas

Noted by:

Ms. Angela Moulic

Research Coordinator

26
 LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS

Dear respondents,

The undersigned are conducting research entitled “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices

towards the Outbreak of Novel Corona Virus in Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts,

Baguio City ”. The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent of knowledge, attitude, and

practices of the residents of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City at the time of

COVID-19 pandemic and detect related associated sociodemographic variables. The findings

will help the residents of Barangay Upper Honeymoon Holyghosts, Baguio City to identify how

to strengthen Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevalent outbreak of Novel

Corona Virus

May we ask for your support by truthfully and accurately answering the questions and

participate voluntarily. Rest assured that all responses will be held confidential and will be used

for research purposes only. You can withdraw anytime and the results of this research will be

communicated to you through research by the RDC.

Thank you very much.

27
 APPENDIX C
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
PART 1: Demographic data
Name (optional): _____________________________ Age: ___________________
Gender: Male Female
Educational Attainment:
Less than High School Graduate Bachelor’s Degree
High School Graduate Graduate or Professional Degree
College or Associate Degree

PART 2: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards the outbreak of Novel Corona Virus
Evaluation Questionnaire
Instruction: The following statements are related to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP)
during the COVID-19 outbreak. Please tick ( ) the column that best describes your answer
using the following scale:

Arbitrary value Interpretation

4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

STRONGL
STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE Y
INDICATOR AGREE
DISAGREE
(3) (2)
(4)
(1)
Knowledge
a. Knowledge on Prevention (how COVID-19 is prevented)

1. I know that keeping away from

going to congested places can protect
against COVID-19.

2. I know that frequent handwashing is

useful in protecting against COVID-
19.

3. I know that wearing medical face

masks is effective in protecting
against COVID-19.

4. I know that staying at home is useful

in protecting against COVID-19.

5. I know that taking vitamins, such as

vitamin C, D, B is useful in
protecting against COVID-19

6. I know that early isolation and

28
 observation period for 14 days is
effective in reducing the risk of
transmission of COVID-19

b. Knowledge on Transmission (how COVID-19 is transmitted)

1. I know that a small droplet when an

infected person cough, sneeze, and
speaks can cause transmission of
COVID-19.

2. I know that living or working

together with a person who has been
diagnosed with COVID-19 may
cause COVID-19 transmission.

3. I know that touching a contaminated

surface and touching the eyes, nose
or mouth may cause COVID-19
transmission.

4. I know that through direct contact

such as handshaking and kissing,
COVID-19 can be transmitted.

5. I know that through blood

transfusion COVID-19 can be
transmitted.

6. I know that through sexual

intercourse COVID-19 can be
transmitted.

c. Knowledge of Symptoms (what are the symptoms for COVID-19)

1. I know that the main symptoms of

COVID-19 are fatigue, fever, and
dry cough.

2. I know that Covid 19 can be:

● Asymptomatic (showing no
symptoms)
● Symptomatic (showing
symptoms)

3. I know that fever develops in all

patients with COVID-19.

4. I know that patients with COVID-19

are infectious if they have a fever.

d. Knowledge on Treatment (how is COVID-19 treated)

1. I know that there is neither an

approved efficient medicine for
COVID-19, but treatment for
supportive care and symptoms can
be highly effective.

2. I know that treatment for supportive

29
 care and symptoms can be highly
effective.

3. I know that it is important to rest,

drink plenty of fluid, and eat
nutritious food for better recovery
for COVID-19.

4. I know that it is important to be

cooperative with the doctor’s
recommended treatment for any
symptoms or complications that
develop for COVID-19.

STRONGLY STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE
INDICATOR AGREE DISAGREE
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
Attitude
1. I consider COVID-19 as a
dangerous infection.

2. I am bothered regarding being

affected by COVID-19.

3. I am frightened about recovered

patients who were infected
previously with COVID-19.

4. I prefer to stay home when feeling

sick rather than going to the
hospital.

5. If I manifest symptoms of COVID-

19, I will consult medical
professionals.

6. I understand the public health

department’s quarantine protocol
instructions as a way to stop the
spread of COVID-19.

7. I am willing to voluntarily test for

COVID-19.

STRONGLY STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE
INDICATOR AGREE DISAGREE
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
Practices

30
1. I obey the rules for wearing
masks throughout the
pandemic.

2. I obey the rules for regularly

washing hands throughout the
pandemic.

3. I obey the quarantine protocol

to stay at home as much as
possible besides for essential
circumstances (such as grocery
purchase or medical
consultation)

4. I follow verified information

online regarding the
announcement and forward it
to my family members.

5. I avoid and do not trust

forwarded misleading and
unverified messages during the
pandemic.

6. I will actively seek treatment if

I show symptoms of COVID-
19.

31