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Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA)

The document discusses SCADA protocols for communication between a master station and remote terminal units (RTUs). It describes how the predominant SCADA systems use two message sets - one for the master station to initiate requests and another for the RTU to respond. The DNP 3.0 and IEC 870-5-T101 protocols are based on this SCADA model and allow communication between the master station and RTUs as well as between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and RTUs.

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417 views1 page

Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA)

The document discusses SCADA protocols for communication between a master station and remote terminal units (RTUs). It describes how the predominant SCADA systems use two message sets - one for the master station to initiate requests and another for the RTU to respond. The DNP 3.0 and IEC 870-5-T101 protocols are based on this SCADA model and allow communication between the master station and RTUs as well as between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and RTUs.

Uploaded by

alvin me
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The SCADA master station is the part of the system that should know that the first status

point
of RTU number x (say 27) is the status of a certain circuit breaker of a given substation. This
represents the predominant SCADA systems and protocols in use in the utility industry today.
Each protocol consists of two message sets or pairs. One set forms the master protocol,
containing the valid statements for master station initiation or response, and the other set is the
RTU protocol, containing the valid statements an RTU can initiate and respond to. In most but not
all cases, these pairs can be considered a poll or request for information or action, and a
confirming response.

The SCADA protocol between master and RTU forms a viable model for IED-to-RTU
communications; therefore, the DNP 3.0 and IEC 870-5-T101 (1995) protocols in the practice are
SCADA-based protocols.

1.1 Need for Standards


The communication protocol allows two devices to communicate with each other. Each device
involved in the communication must essentially support not only the same protocol but also the
same version of the protocol. Any differences involved in the implementation of protocol at the
either of ends will result in the communication errors.

There is usually very little problem for devices to communicate with each other when all
devices are from same supplier and support same protocol. Because of using the unique
protocol, used by the vendor, the utility is restricted to one supplier for support and purchase of
future devices. This presents a serious problem.

With the arrival of open systems concept , it is desired that devices from one vendor be
able to communicate with those of other vendors i.e. devices should interoperate . To achieve
interoperability one has to use industry standard protocols. Having industry standard, where the
vendors design their devices such that all functionality and capabilities are possible with the
protocol, they provide the utilities, with the flexibility of buying the best devices for each
application.

Using standard communication protocol is a very important decision that leads to cost
reduction and maximized flexibility within the utility sector. Broadly benefits for the utilities are:
Availability of open system connectivity
Vendor independence
Reliable products at optimized costs
Easily available knowledge and specification

Benefits drawn for vendors by standardization are:


Lower costs of installation and maintenance
A large market and thus opportunity to compete on price performance instead of
technical details only
Cost effective project implementation

The price paid for the gain of above-mentioned advantages is:


More overheads are there, thus requiring higher speed for the same efficiency or
information throughput
There is possibility that utility will not be able to realize the full functionality of the device
while using an industry standard protocol.

1.2 Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA) [ref.1]


Both DNP and IEC 870-5 protocol are based on a three-layer Enhanced Performance
Architecture (EPA) reference model for efficient implementation within RTUs, meters, relays, and
other IEDs. Additionally, EPA defines basic application functionality for a user layer, which is
situated between the OSI Application Layer and the application program. This user layer adds
interoperability for such functions as clock synchronization and file transfers. Figure 2 shows the
EPA layer organization.

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