ME 405 Refrigeration and Air conditioning

QUESTION BANK

Module 1

1. Briefly explain about the history of refrigeration?

2. Briefly explain about the application of refrigeration?

3. State Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.

4. Explain reversed Carnot cycle and its limitations.

5. Explain about unit of refrigeration.

6. Explain ideal and Actual reversed Brayton cycle.

7. Derive the equation for COP of a system working on reversed Brayton cycle (or Bell-
Coleman or Joule cycle).

8. What are the merits and demerits of air-refrigeration systems?

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of air refrigeration systems?

10. What you mean by natural refrigeration and artificial refrigeration? Give two examples
each.

11. Explain about the necessity of aircraft refrigeration. With a neat schematic diagram,
explain about the functioning of basic aircraft refrigeration cycle.

12. Explain about the following aircraft refrigeration cycles.

a) Simple Aircraft Refrigeration Cycle b) Bootstrap Refrigeration Cycle. c) Reduced
Refrigeration Ambient system

13. With the help of necessary sketches prove that COPHeatP ump = COPRef rigerator + 1

14. A refrigeration system produces ice at the rate of 30 kg/ hour at −20 C from water at
250 C. Determine the refrigeration effect and tonnage of the system. Also, find the COP,
if the power input is 1.1 kW.

15. A cold storage plant is required to store 50 tons of fish. The temperature at which fish
was supplied = 35 0 C. Storage temperature of fish = -100 C. Cp of fish above freezing point
= 2.94kJ/kg0 C. Cp of fish below freezing point = 1.26 kJ/kg0 C. Freezing point of fish =
-50 C. Latent heat of fish = 250 kJ/kg. If the cooling is achieved within half of a day, find:
a) Capacity of the refrigerating plant b) Carnot COP c) If actual COP = Carnot COP
2.5 find the power required to run the plant.

16. A refrigeration system working on Bell-Coleman cycle operates with a pressure ratio of
8 and lower pressure of 1 bar. The cold chamber exit temperature is 90 C and expander
inlet temperature is 290 C. If the expansion and compression follow polytropic process
with n = 1.35, determine the COP.
17. In a Bell-Coleman refrigerator air is drawn into the cylinder of the compressor from cold
chamber at a pressure of 1.03 bar and temperature 120 C. After isentropic compression to
5.5 bar the air is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 220 C. The polytropic
expansion pV1 .25 = constant follows and air expanded to 1.03 bar is passed to cold
chamber. Determine (1) Work done/kg of air flow (2) Refrigerating effect/kg of air flow
(3) COP

18. For a simple aircraft refrigeration, the operating pressure limits are 1 atm and 5 bar.
Temperature at the suction of compression is 270 C. The compressed air is cooled in the
heat exchanger to 370 C before expanding through the turbine. The pressure drop in
the exchanger is 0.15 bar. The cooling turbine exit pressure is 1.1 bar. Refrigeration
requirement is 10 ton. Find (a) Flow rate of air (b) power of compressor (c) COP (d)
power for blower. Take compressor and turbine efficiencies as 0.82 and 0.8 respectively.

19. An aircraft refrigeration system has to handle a cabin load of 25 tonnes. The atmospheric
temperature is 16o C. The atmospheric air is compressed to a pressure of 0.96 bar and
temperature of 29o C due to ram action. The air is then further compressed in a compressor
to 4.8bar, cooled in a heat exchanger to 66o C expanded in a turbine to 1 bar pressure
and supplied to cabin. The air leaves the cabin at a temperature of 26o C. The isentropic
efficiencies of both compressors and turbine are 0.9. Calculate 1. Mass of air circulated
per minute 2. COP. Take for air Cp =1.005kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4.

20. A regenerative air cooling system is used for an airplane to take 20 TR. The ambient air
at a pressure of 0.8 bar and temperature 100 C is rammed isentropically till pressure rises
to 1.2 bar. The air bled off the main compressor at 4.5 bar is cooled by the ram air in
the heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 60%. The air from the heat exchanger is further
cooled to 600 C in the regenerative heat exchanger. The cabin is to be maintained at a
temperature of 250 C and pressure of 1 bar. If the isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 90% and 80% respectively, Find (1) Mass of air bled from cooling turbine
to be used for regenerative cooling (2) Power required and (3) COP.
 Module 2

1. With a neat sketch, explain about the working of simple vapour compression refrigeration
system. Also plot p-h and t-s diagram.

2. With a neat sketch, explain about the working of Vortex tube refrigeration system.

3. Explain the term adiabatic magnetization of paramagnetic salt.

4. Differentiate between wet and dry compression.

5. What are the various methods to improve the COP of a vapour compression system?

6. With a neat sketch, explain about actual vapour compression cycle?

7. Define super heating and sub cooling.

8. With the support of p-h diagram, explain the influence of super-heating of suction vapour
and sub-cooling of condenser outlet on the COP of vapour compression refrigeration sys-
tem.

9. An ideal refrigeration cycle operates with R134a as the working fluid. The temperature
of refrigerant in the condenser and evaporator are 40o C and -20o C respectively. The mass
flow rate of refrigerant is 0.1 kg/s. Determine the cooling capacity and COP of the plant.

10. Determine the theoretical COP of a vapour compression refrigerator with carbon dioxide
as refrigerant, working between temperature limits of 25o C and -5 o C. The dryness fraction
of carbon dioxide at the compressor suction is 0.6.

11. A N H3 refrigerator produces 100 tons of ice from water at 0o C in a day. The cycle operates
between 25o C and -15o C . The vapour is dry saturated at the end of compression. If the
COP is 50% of theoretical COP, calculate the power required to drive the compressor.

12. In a refrigerator the power rating impressed on the compressor is 1.2 kW. The circulating
wire in evaporator is 5 kW and the cooling water took away 10 kW from condenser coil.
The operating temperatures range is 18o C and 0o C and their corresponding latent heats
are 170 kJ/kg and 230 kJ/kg and the difference between the liquid energy is 35 kJ/kg.
Find a) the actual COP of the system b) relative COP, assuming the vapour is just dry
and saturated at the end of the compression.

13. In an ammonia vapour compression refrigeration system, the pressure in the evaporator
is 2.1 bar and the ammonia at the evaporator entry is 0.19 dry and at the exit is 0.86 dry.
During compression, the work input per kg of refrigerant is 150 kJ. Calculate the COP
and theoretical piston displacement of the compressor, if the mass flow rate of refrigerant
is 4.5 kg/min.
 Module 3

1. With a neat sketch, explain about the working of the following

a) Multi compression system.
b) Multi evaporation system.
c) Intercooling.
d) Flash gas inter cooling system
e) Flash gas removal system.

2. Explain working of a refrigeration system with multiple evaporators of different capacity

with figure.

3. With a neat sketch explain about Cascade refrigeration system.

4. With the support of a schematic and p-h diagram, explain the working of a two stage
vapour compression system with flash gas removal and inter-cooling.

5. Explain with the help of schematic and p-h diagrams, the working of a two stage evapo-
rator vapour compression refrigeration system with single compressor.

6. Explain with the help of flow diagram and on p-h and T-S diagram multi compression
refrigeration system with flash cooler and single evaporator.
Explain a three stage cascade refrigeration system with figure. Show the system on p-h
diagram.

7. Define the term refrigerants? What are the various classification of refrigerants?

8. Explain the desirable properties of refrigerants for vapour compression refrigeration sys-
tems.

9. With a neat sketch explain about the functioning of N H3 − H2 O absorption system?

10. With a neat sketch explain about the functioning of LiBr − H2 O absorption system?

11. With a neat sketch explain about the functioning of LiBr − H2 O absorption system?

12. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of vapour absorption and vapour compression
systems?

13. With a neat sketch explain about the functioning of steam jet refrigeration system?

14. A two stage vapour compression machine with a flash inter cooler is to produce 30 TR
while working between -35o C and 45o C. The pressure in the flash cooler is the geometric
mean of the upper and lower limits. The suction gas to the low pressure compressor
is super heated by 5o C and the condenser liquid is sub cooled by 5o C. The working
substance is R-12. Determine (i) COP (ii) power (iii) Fluid flow through LP and HP
compressor.
 Module 4

1. What are the various industrial and non-industrial applications of refrigeration?

2. With neat sketches explain about the functioning of various types of compressors.

3. With neat sketches explain about the functioning of various types of condensers.

4. With a neat sketch explain any one type of water cooled condensers used in vapour
compression refrigeration systems.

5. With a neat sketch, explain the working of a flooded evaporator.

6. With neat sketches explain about the functioning of various types of expansion devices.

7. Describe the principle and working of thermostatic expansion valve.

8. Define the term cooling tower? With neat sketches explain about the functioning of
various types of cooling towers?

9. What are the various refrigerant leakage detection systems?

10. With neat sketches explain about how charging of refrigerant is done?

11. Explain about various refrigerant system controls?

12. Explain with a neat diagram working of a domestic refrigerator.

13. Compare deep freezing and cold storage.

 Module 5

1. What are the various psychrometric properties?

2. What are the various psychrometric processes?

3. Define the terms (i) dry bulb temperature, (ii) absolute humidity (iii) wet bulb tempera-
ture (iv) dew point temperature and (v) relative humidity

4. Explain about adiabatic mixing of two streams? Show it in psychrometric chart.

5. Define the following

a)Bypass factor
b)Sensible heat factor
c) RSHF
d) GSHF

6. Define the terms (i) dry bulb temperature, (ii) absolute humidity (iii) wet bulb tempera-
ture (iv) dew point temperature and (v) relative humidity

7. Define the terms: (a) DPT, (b) RH (c) WBT (d) SHF and show them on a psychrometric
chart

8. What you mean by effective temperature in air conditioning? Describe a comfort chart.

9. What are the factors affecting comfort air conditioning?

10. What are the various factors effecting cooling load estimation?

11. Moist air exists at 24o C DBT and 18o C WBT. Find the properties of air at 101.325 kPa
using equations. Also find the properties at 80 kPa.

12. Air at 10 o C and 70% RH and 30o C and 80% RH are mixed in equal proportions by
weight in an adiabatic chamber and is left for sufficient time to reach equilibrium. Find
properties of mixed air.

13. In an air conditioning plant, the air handling unit supplies 4500 m3 /min of dry air which
include 20% (by weight) fresh air at 40o C DBT and 27o C WBT. The recirculated air is
at 25o C and 50% relative humidity. The air leaves the cooling coil at 13o C in saturates
state. Calculate the total air conditioning load and room heat gain.

14. 100 m3 /min of air at 20% relative humidity and 5o C is to be conditioned to 50% relative
humidity and 30o C. Determine the load on the air conditioning unit. Also, determine the
amount of water to be added or removed from the air during the process.

15. 2.5 kg of air is cooled and dehumidified from 30o C DBT, 40% RH to 15o C DBT 80%
RH in a cooling and dehumidifying coil. Find (i) ADP, (ii) Bypass Factor and (iii) Heat
Transfer. If bypass factor is halved keeping the ADP same find (iv) exit air condition and
(v) Heat Transfer.

16. Sensible and latent loads on a space are 50 kW and 10 kW respectively. Cold and dehu-
midified air at 10o C DBT and 90% RH is used to maintain the space condition at 24o C
DBT. Find (i) RSHF (ii) space relative humidity and (iii) mass flow rate of supply air?
17. Space cooling load is estimated as QS = 50 kW and QL = 5 kW. The space and out
door conditions are 24o C DBT and 50% RH and 35o C DBT and 40% RH. Given mo :
mr c = 0.25, ADP=8o C Find (i) Bypass factor of cooling coil (ii) supply and out door air
quantities, (iii) CSHF and (iv) cooling coil load (mo = mass of outside air, mr c= mass of
re circulated air)
 Module 6

1. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the working of a winter air conditioning system.

2. With a neat sketch explain about the working of window AC.

3. With a neat sketch explain about the working of split AC.

4. With a neat sketch explain about the working of packaged AC.

5. Compare and contrast between the split system and packaged system in room air condi-
tioning.

6. With a neat sketch explain about the working of centralized AC.

7. With a neat sketch explain about the working of all air system.

8. With a neat sketch explain about the working of chilled water system.

9. With a neat sketch explain about the working of summer AC.

10. With a neat sketch explain about the working of all-weather or year round AC.

11. With a neat sketch explain about the working of humidifiers.

12. Explain about the air conditioning of the following

a) Restaurants.
b) Hospitals.
c) Retail outlets
d) Computer centres.
e) Cinema theatres
f) Amusements

13. What are the special considerations to be made when designing an air conditioning system
for hospitals. Give schematic illustrations to support your points.

14. With the help of a neat diagram explain year round refrigeration system.

15. Differentiate between Packaged and Central air conditioning systems.

16. What are the major assignments of the control system in an air conditioning plant?

17. Draw the elements of a basic control system for an air conditioning plant in a flow diagram.

18. Explain in detail about Equal Friction Method in duct design.

19. Derive Borda-Carnot equation.

20. Air at standard atmospheric pressure and temperature of 20 o C flowing with a velocity
of 12 m/s enters a sudden enlargement where the duct area doubles. What is the increase
in static pressure of the air as it passes through the enlargement?

21. A 60o , 3030 cm branch take off leaves a 3050 cm trunk duct. The size of the down stream
section is also 3050cm. The upstream flow rate is 1.5 m3 /s and the branch flow rate is
0.5 m3 /s. The upstream pressure is 500 Pa and the air temperature is 150 C. (i) What is
the pressure following the straight through section, and (ii) What is the pressure in the
branch line?