Medical X-Ray Radiography System: Lllndiijlnd
Medical X-Ray Radiography System: Lllndiijlnd
in E D I I 11 L
Operation Manual
I Before using this equipment, careful reading and full understanding to the
instruction are required.
I During operation, you are suggested to put the instruction in a place easily
accessible.
I After use, the instruction shall be kept in a safe place to prevent loss or
damage.
- The instruction shall be handed over to a new user when you sold or deliver
this equipment to the others.
I byoperation mode
I The equipment cannot be used with flammable anesthetic gas mixed with air
or oxygen or nitrous oxide.
Safety symbols
Symbol Content
fr TypeBequipment. `
A Dangerous voltage.
X-ray radiate.
ffi
© Ground.
Large spot.
Ei]
Small spot.
EH
This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and
H
electronic equipment must not be disposed as unsorted municipal
waste and must be collected separately. please contact an
authorized representative of the manufacturer or an authorized
waste management company for information concerning the
decommissioning of your equipment.
Advisory Messages
A Note: To avoid damage to the equipment inside, package shall be opened with
Opener.
I ln the event that any incompleteness and damaged parts are found during
inspection, immediate notification to the supplier is required.
2 Safety
2.1 General
2.2 Responsibilities
2.8 Disposal
3.2 Footswitch
4 Control Console
4.1 Console operation
5 Maintenance of equipment
6 Technical description
7 Attached figure
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
1 Generals
assembly, X ray tube, collimator, radiography Table. Maximum tube current is 200mA.
The product generally has characteristics as follows:
2. When the machine has been started up but not operated, the electromagnet
attracts and locks up components; after energization, components are suspended and
movable.
parameters.
4, The generator adopts a working method which freely selects three parameters,
kv, rnA, S or mAs. Console limits and locks up three parameters to select capacity
protection.
5. The generator outputs stable high DC voltage, which is obtained after rectifying
and wave-filtering from high voltage pulse power generated by HF inverter power,
therefore, the generator reduce radiation on patient, shorten exposure time and improve
accuracy and stability.
6. The generator adopts closed loop control and outputs stable high voltage under
specified power condition. At the same time, the design for filament heating circuit
automatically changes presetting values of different kv and rnA micro-control system,
improves stability of ray output and effectively extends service life of the tube.
7. Fault self-protection and self-diagnosis: in the event offault, the generator device
performs interlock protection, alert actions and inquiries historical codes for repair.
The major items in the equipment have some identification labels attached to them which
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
• Product.
• Model.
• Volts (V), Line phases, Frequency (Hz), and power (kvA, kw).
• Date of manufacture.
• Serial number.
• Manufacturer.
• Place of manufacture
• Certification.
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
2 Safety
2.1 General
Keep this Operation Manual with the equipment at all times and periodically review the
Operating and Safety instructions.
The equipment described in this manual must be only handling by qualified personnel
X-ray equipment is dangerous to both patient and operator unless protection measures
are strictly observed.
It is vitally importantthat everyone associated with X-ray radiation is familiar with the safety
and regulatory instructions contained within this manual.
Although X-radiation can be hazardous, X-ray equipment does not pose any danger when
it is properly used. Please ensure that all service and operating personnel are properly
trained and informed on the hazards of radiation. Those responsible for the system must
understand the safety requirements for X-ray operation.
The machine cannot be used and stored in environment with atmosphere, temperature
and humidify exceeding tolerance.
The machine shall be kept away from direct daylight and shall be kept in area with good
ventilation and shall be protected ffom erosion of dust and corrosive air.
The machine shall be prevented from tilting, instability, vibration and impaction (including
handling).
The machine cannot be used and stored in place with chemicals and flammable gas.
Check machine for good grounding. All yellow/green insulated conductors in this machine
are protective earthing wire before operation.
Protective earthing wire of the machine shall be connected to special protective earthing
devices and cannot be replaced by null line of power.
If the machine is unused in a long term, the machine shall be checked for normality and
safety before re-startu p.
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
2.2 Responsibilities
Ensure that all personnel authorized to use the equipment are aware of the danger of
excessive exposure to X-ray radiation.
The equipment herein described is sold with the understanding the manufacturer, its
agents, and representatives are not liable for injury or damage which may result from
overexposure of patients or personnel to X-ray radiation,
The manufacture does not accept any responsibility for overexposure of patients or
No responsibility will be assumed for any equipment that has not been serviced and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer instructions, or which has been modified.
or tampered with in any way.
It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure the safety of the patient while the X-ray
equipment is in operation by visual observation, proper patient positioning, and use of the
devices that are intended to prevent patient injury.
Always watch all parts of the system to verify that there is no interference and no
Should any interference (EMC) be detected with other equipment, please position other
equipment away from this one.
You must never use the X - ray equipment if it has any electrical, mechanical or
radiological defects. This particularly applies to faulty indicators, displays, warnings and
alarms.
In case of a dangerous situation in the X - ray unit, switch off the X - ray unit immediately.
Use the X-ray unit on no account until the defect has been repaired.
If the user wishes to connect the X - ray equipment to other equipment, components or
assemblies and if it is not apparent from the technical data whcther it can be safely
combined with siich equipment, components or assemblies, the user must ensure that the
safety of the patient, operating staff and the environment is not affected by the planned
combination by consulting the manufacturers involved or by making enquiries from an
expert. This is also valid for spare parts.
Only trained maintenance staff may remove the covers from the high-voltage cable of the
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
A
properly grounded. Before operation, be sure the equipment has been
connected all the safety ground wire.
A Danger: Complete system's voltage can be fatal; you must be taken attention to
avoid contact with these voltages.
A Warning: To avoid risk of electric shock, before maintain the eqLiipment you
must disconnect the power and unplug the power plug.
Waning: Do
AAAWarning: not open
There thea cover
will be of this
potential risk equipment arbitrarily
of electric shock if theinequipment
order to avoid
is not
the risk of electric shock.
Warning: Do not let any liquid seep into the device; the liquid seep into the
electrical circuit may aggravate the current leakage or damage of the
equipment.
A Warning:
I Only use extinguishers on electrical or chemical fires. Using water or other
[iquids on an electrical fire can lead to fatal or other serious personal
injury.
A Warning:
I Be careful to ensure that hands and loose clothing remain clear of moving
Parts.
I Remove all objects from the radius of movement of the x -ray equipment.
I please ensure that the patient stands or lies safely during the examination.
AWarning: Ensure that before performing any fluoroscopy or radiography all the
necessary radiation protection measures have been taken.
Although this apparatus is built to the highest safety standards and incorporates a high
degree of protection against X-radiation other than the useful beam, no practical design of
equipment can provide complete protection. Nor can any practical design compel the
operator to take adequate precautions to prevent the possibility of any persons carelessly,
unwisely, or unknowingly exposing themselves or others to X-radiation.
It is important that everyone working with X-radiation be properly trained and takes
adequate steps to insure protection against injury. The manufacturer assumes that all
operator and service personnel authorized to use, install, calibrate and maintain this
equipment is cognizant of the danger of excessive exposure to X-radiation, is sufficiently
trained and has the required knowledge for it. The equipment herein described is sold with
the understanding that the manufacturer, its agents, and representatives are not liable for
injury or damage which may result from exposure to X-radiation.
Influence of some X-ray has accumulative effect and has couple of month's even years of
latency period, As for the operator, the safest principle is "avoid direct X-ray at any time".
Any substance in X-ray path may cause secondary radiation (scattered rays). Intensity of
the secondary radiation depends on energy and intensity of initial ray and atomic number
of substance irradiated. In`tensity of the s?cond ray may be stronger than that arrived on
the film, and therefore, proper measures shall be taken to prevent this second ray.
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
1 . Time protection
Thelongertheradiationtimeis,thehighertheabsorbeddoseaccumulatedwillbe,forthis
reason, irradiation time shall be shortened as for as possible, all persons shall shorten
their time staying in the X-ray room. X-ray operator sha« properly adapt to darkness to
shorten irradiation time, irradiation condition shall be optimum to avoid film waste.
2. Distance protection
3. Shield protection
DuringX-raytherapyordiagnosis,timeanddistanceprotectionsmayberestrained,inthis
case, a more effective protection shall be taken, i.e. shield protection. Lead shield is an
effective way. To reduce radiation, following items maybe used: lead shield, lead rubber
gloves, lead rubber apron, lead glasses, lead protective chair and lead protective vehicle.
X-ray protective waw may also be used to reduce radiation. Lead shield shaH have
thickness not less than 2mm, or equal to 2mm lead equivalent, personal protective gears
(suchasapron,glovesandetc)shaHhaveleadthicknessnotlessthanO.25mm,orequal
to 0.25mm lead equivalent. To meet particular basic protection requirement, you are
suggested to refer to national or local X-ray protection sanitation standard.
ANote:DuringoperationormaintenanceofX-rayequipment,hand,wrist,amior
any other parts of body shall not exposed under direct X-ray.
I Radiography stand shaH be placed at side close to the waH to avoid x-ray direction
opposing to the console, adjacent room, dark room and corridor shall be protected
from direct irradiation of useful ray.
I Distance is the most effective radiation protection. Keep as far away as possible from
the exposed object and from the X - ray tube assembly.
I Wear protective clothing. Radiation protection aprons with a lead equivalent of o.35
I Avoid working in the direct beam of radiation. If this is inevitable, protect yourself.
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
I Select as short a fluoroscopy time as possible. This will reduce total radiation dose
considerably.
I For radiation protection of the patient use radiation protection accessories in addition
to the devices on the X -ray equipment (e.g. diaphragm, spacers, filters).
I Always use the smallest x -ray beam co[limation. Scattered radiation is largely
dependent on the volume of the exposed object.
I lf possible, use large focal spot to skin distances in order to keep the patient's skin
dose as low as reasonably achievable.
I lfarea to be irradiated close to generative organ, the patient shall wear lead rubber
apron (generative organ protective cover or lead rubber cover) to minimize irradiation .
damage to the patient.
I Please note that all materials located in the x -ray beam between patient and image
receptor (e.g. film) affect the image quality and the patient dose.
I please make sure that during the whole examination the audio and visual
communication between the operator and the patient is guaranteed, if necessary by
technical means (e.g. intercom).
The key in radiation protection standard is dosage limitation standard. Various X-ray
radiation studies provide reference for permitted maximum X-ray radiation dosage. Our
Regu/afi.on for Radt.afj.on Profeofi.on specify maximum permitted dosage and limited dose
equivalent for X-ray radiation (these limits shall be updated frequently for continuous
emergence of new information) referring to ICRP protection standard. See table 1 below:
Area irradiated
Professional Public
Category OfOrgans 0.01 Sv per year 0.01 Sv per year
Name of organ
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
Note: All values listed in the table refer to total dose equivalent of internal and
external irradiation, exclusive of nature and medical irradiation; dose
equivalent for thyroid gland of persons under 16 years old is 0.15Sv per year.
Professional Public
Organ
msv 0.01Sv msv 0.01 Sv
Skin* 500 50 50 5
The detection may indicate radiation dose received, by this way, we can determine
applicability of safety measures and find defect in radiation protection.
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
A general method to determine excessive radiation is to use wear radiation dose plate
which contains X-ray sense film or thermoluminescence material. Although this plate
measures radiation only for part wearing the plate, it still indicates radiation quantity at some
extent.
2.8 Disposal
The manufactory design and manufacture the X-ray equipment according to the
requirements of safety and environmental protection. Assuming no parts of the system
housing are opened and assuming the system is used properly there are no risks to
Insulation oil in the high pressure tank contains toxic matters, and therfore, the disposal of
waste oil shall be strictly in accordance with provisions stipulated by local environmental
protection autority.
To comply with regulations it is necessary to use materials, which may be harmful to the
environment and therefore have to be disposed of in a proper manner.
AWarning:
I Forthis reason you must not dispose ofthex -rayequipmenttogether
with normal industrial or domestic waste.
please contact the manufactory or your municipal waste collection facility for information
on proper disposal.
ffi®+
_______
X-ray equipment specified for any radiological examination shall have at least one
significant zone of ocoupancy for the use of the operator and staff, designated as follow:
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
The table has a floating tabletop, which is longitudinal and transverse movable under
control of switch and electromagnetically locked up. The column is designed as free of
floor-to-ceiling rail and may perform ±180° rotation, and localized at goo. Vertical stroke of
the tube moving along the column is not less than 1100mm; the tube may perform ±180°
rotation and can be locked up at any angle. A particular characteristic of the machine is:
the column and the Bucky are synchronously movable by manual operation, and are
mechanically and automatically localized and disconnected, this design simplifies
procedure and improves reliability of alignment of X-ray tube with Bucky diaphragm and
ensures quick and accurate radiography for infection focus.
Four key switches are arranged on the operation box, three of them control
electromagnetic lock-up of vertical movement of column, turning Of tube and vertical
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
movement of tube respectively, and the last is operation box power switch.
1 Release switch for column longitudinal movement 2 Release switch for tube vertical movement
3 Power control switch 4 Release switch for tube rotation 5 Rotation angle indicator of x-ray tube
a ) When the power control switch is pressed, the power starts up and the electromagnetic
b) Longitudinal movement of column: When the release switch for column longitudinal
movement is pressed, the corresponding brake is disconnected; the column may perform
longitudinal movement along the guide rail; when the switch is released, the brake locks
up at current position.
c) Vertical movement of tube: When the release switch for vertical tube movement is
released, the corresponding brake is disconnected and the tube may perform vertical
movement along the column; when the switch is released, the brake locks up at current
position.
d) Rotation of tube: When the release switch for tube rotation is pressed, the
corresponding brake is disconnected and the tube may rotate; within range from 0° ffl±90°,
e) Rotation of column: When you press the column rotation block, the column may rotate
around the vertical axis, limiting blocks are arranged at every goo to lock up the rotation.
When the column rotates to +goo or -goo, it can be moved to take radiography at the and
of the table for physically impaired patients; when the column rotates 180°, physically
impaired patient trolley or stretcher maybe placed at back of radiography table for
radiography.
f ) Horizontal movement of tabletop: When the footswitch for the tabletop is stepped, the
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
3,2 Footswitch
Trample the footswitch and hold it, bed is in suspending status, for free movement of bed
in longitudinal and lateral directions; loose footswitch, and the bed will immediately lock up
and stop at the existing state.
a) When the radiography unit is coupled with the column, the connection rod of
radiography unit will be driven to connect it with the column, in this case, the radiography
unit brake is disconnected, the radiography unit moves simultaneously with column. This
movement may align tube focus with grid center. This is used for anteroposterior (AP)
X-ray radiography.
b ) When the radiography unit moves independently, the connection rod of radiography unit
is driven to disconnect with the column, in this case, the radiography unit may move
independently. This working mode may be use for lateral X-ray radiography.
The column is equipped with scale indicating height of X-ray tube focus, when the value in
the scale is indicated in recumbent radiography, distance between the focus and film in
the cassette, corresponding scale value at lower edge of the sliding cylinder is value of
image distance of this source, as indicated in figure below:
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
The Generator Control Console includes the controls, indicators and displays needed to
Collimator is a main part for X-ray radiation protection. Manual adjustment for knobs in X
and Y directions based on SID distance may control range of radiation beam (slightly
larger than radiography range) to protect patients from excessive radiation. IIluminated
light key in the middle may clearly reflect exposure range and center line light marked is
also provided.
Collimator controls consist of a push-button to switch ON the Collimator Lamp and two
knobs to open or close the internal blades.
After pressing the push-button of the Colljmator Lamp, it remains illuminated for a few
seconds before automatically switching off.
Prolonged lighting without allowing the lamp sufficient time to cool causes the collimator to
overheat in the intemal area near the lamp.
The Exposure Field is adjusted by setting the two knobs. The table on the Collimator
Panel shows the number to set with the knobs to open the blades according to the SID
and cassette size to be used.
Adjilstilig kiiob§
Figure 5 Collimator
After release of brake for column vertical movement, column may be moved to couple and
synchronize with the Bucky, when these two reach to designated position for radiography,
the electromagnetic braking system acts to lock ilp the device. X ray radiation field
indicated. by the light shall be aligned with radiographic area through starting up the
manual collimator to` move the tabletop, and then the radiography key of Bucky
diaphragmiH on generator consol shall be pressed, and adjustment for tube voltage,
current and duration of exposure for radiography of Bucky shall be made, finally the Bucky
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Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation
The stand chest of this system is a subsidiary device for radiography which cooperates
with X-Ray unit, the film box of it can perform up-andrdown moving and 90°rotating. The
stand chest generally uses for chest radiography.
The 90°rotating function of film box is convenient for perform exposure examination of fat
figure.
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