TOPIC: PROF.

CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD

INTRODUCTION

There are several types of political corruption that occur in local government. Some are
more common than others, and some are more prevalent to local governments than to larger
segments of government. Local governments may be more susceptible to corruption because
interactions between private individuals and officials happen at greater levels of intimacy and
with more frequency at more decentralized levels. Forms of corruption pertaining to money like
bribery, extortion, embezzlement, and graft are found in local government systems. Other forms
of political corruption are nepotism and patronage systems.

Bribery is the offering of something which is most often money but can also be goods or
services in order to gain an unfair advantage. Common advantages can be to sway a person’s
opinion, action, or decision, reduce amounts fees collected, speed up a government grants, or
change outcomes of legal processes.

Extortion is threatening or inflicting harm to a person, their reputation, or their property in order
to unjustly obtain money, actions, services, or other goods from that person. Blackmail is a form
of extortion.

Embezzlement is the illegal taking or appropriation of money or property that has been
entrusted to a person but is actually owned by another. In political terms this is called graft
which is when a political office holder unlawfully uses public funds for personal purposes.

Nepotism is the practice or inclination to favor a group or person who is a relative when giving
promotions, jobs, raises, and other benefits to employees. This is often based on the concept of
familism which is believing that a person must always respect and favor family in all situations
including those pertaining to politics and business. This leads some political officials to give
privileges and positions of authority to relatives based on relationships and regardless of their
actual abilities.

Patronage systems consist of the granting favors, contracts, or appointments to positions by a

local public office holder or candidate for a political office in return for political support. Many
times patronage is used to gain support and votes in elections or in passing legislation.
Patronage systems disregard the formal rules of a local government and use personal instead
of formalized channels to gain an advantage.

Neglect of duty or nonfeasance – is the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform
an act duty, which it was the peace Officer’s legal obligation to perform, it implies a duty as well
as its breach and the fact can never be found in the absence of a duty.
 Criminal Defenses
 Excuse defenses – insanity, intoxication, and ignorance
 Justification defenses – necessity, duress, self-defense, and entrapment

Irregularities in the performance of Duty or Misfeasance – is the improper performance of some

act which might lawfully done.

Misconduct or malfeasance – is the doing, either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of

that which that which the Officer had no legal right to do at all. As where he act without any
authority whatsoever. Or exceeds, ignores, or abuse his powers.

Oppression – imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination or excessive

use of authority.

Shakedowns - is an act of extortion usually committed by policemen who inflagrate delicto

(caught in the act criminals) like pusher, drug user, gambling bet collector, etc. is an example of
what pattern of corruption.

Elicited Acts is referred to those performed by the will and is not bodily externalized.

Rogues - policemen who are considered having all the deviant behaviors because of the dirty
money they received.

ETHICS
- the science of the morality of human acts
- the study of human motivation, and ultimately, of human rational behavior
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means characteristic way of acting
POLICE ETHICS
- a practical science that treats the principles of human morality and duty as applied to
law enforcement

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe; guides the
professional where the law is silent or inadequate

VIRTUE
- a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature

MORAL VIRTUE
- concerned with those actions that pertain to one’s duties towards his neighbors and
himself
- virtues that build the character of a person

FOUR CARDINAL VIRTUES THAT SERVE AS THE BASIS OF FORMULATING THE

STANDARD BEHAVIOR OF POLICE OFFICERS

1) PRUDENCE – the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and
sound judgment; the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective
means for accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding what it evil

2) TEMPERANCE – one’s ability to moderate or avoid something; the virtue that

regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasures

3) FORTITUDE – firmness of mind; the courage to endure without yielding; the virtue
that incites courage

a) PATIENCE – calmness and composure in enduring situations

b) PERSEVERANCE – the ability to go on despite the obstacles or opposition
c) ENDURANCE – the ability to last

4) JUSTICE – the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights

THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

1) COMMUTATIVE
- virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist between one
individual and another

2) DISTRIBUTIVE
- regulates those actions that involve the rights that an individual may claim from
society

3) LEGAL
- virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly require of the individual
for the common good

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL

STANDARDS

PNP CORE VALUES

1) Love of God
2) Respect for authority
3) Selfless love and service to people
4) Sanctity of marriage and respect for women
5) Responsible dominion and stewardship over material things
6) Truthfulness

PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

1) PNP IMAGE
- the PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP core values and possess the following
virtues:
a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
 h) LOYALTY TO THE SERVICE

2) CAREER MANAGEMENT
- the PNP shall formulate and implement policies and human resources development
system for all PNP personnel, from recruitment to retirement

3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

- the primary basis for consideration in the selection of personnel for employment and
deployment shall be the individual’s capabilities and competent leadership

4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE

- there shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth
in the PNP service; the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit and fitness
system

5) DELICADEZA
- all members of the PNP must have moral courage to sacrifice self-interest

6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is acceptable and respectable in
the eyes of the public because the public expects a police officer to live a simple, yet
dignified life

7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE
- all PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage in
matters pertaining to assignments, promotions, trainings and awards

8) HUMAN RIGHTS
- all PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and man’s rights to life,
liberty and property

POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- police officers must commit themselves to a democratic way of life and values and
maintain the principle of public accountability
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to the legitimate
government

2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST

- police officers must always uphold public interest over and above personal interest
- they shall use public resources and properties economically and judiciously to avoid
wastage of public funds

3) NON-PARTISANSHIP
- police officers shall provide services to everyone without discrimination regardless of
political affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations

4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH

- police officers shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at all
times

5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official information against
unauthorized access and disclosure

6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
- police officers, as well as their immediate family members, shall be encouraged to
actively get involved in religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of
the PNP organization

7) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
- police officers shall seek self-improvement through career development without
directly or indirectly soliciting favors or recommendation from politicians, high-ranking
government officials and the like

8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY

- police officers shall be responsible for the security, proper care and use of public
authority issued to them for the performance of their duties

9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

- police officers shall respect and protect human rights in the performance of their duty
 10) DEVOTION TO DUTY
- police officers shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness, efficiency,
enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for public welfare

11) CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

- police officers shall help in the development and conservation of our natural
resources for ecological balance and posterity

12) DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping with the rules
and regulations of the organization

13) LOYALTY
- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to the police service as
manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well

14) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS

- police officers shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to superior officers and
other appropriate authorities within the chain of command

15) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY

- immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control
and direction of their personnel

ETHICAL STANDARDS
- shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values

ETHICAL ACTS
1) MORALITY
- police officers must adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall set
good example for others

2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY

- police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority and discretion in
the performance of their duty

3) INTEGRITY
- police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices

4) JUSTICE
- police officers shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others

5) HUMILITY
- police officers shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the
masters of the people
- they should perform their duties without arrogance
- they should recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as
individuals
- they should perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the
applause of others

6) ORDERLINESS
- police officers shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to
them to minimize wasted time and resources

PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

CUSTOMS – established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have obtained the
force of law

TRADITION – bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to
generation with the effect of an unwritten law

COURTESY – a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others

CEREMONY – a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper
to special occasion
SOCIAL DECORUM – a set of norms and standards practiced by members during social and
other functions

SALUTE – the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel upon meeting and recognizing
persons entitled to it

SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD

- police officers must stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as it
passes by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies

COURTESY OF THE POST

- the host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
command or unit

“RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN PRIVILEGE”
- PNP members must acknowledge that different ranks carry with them corresponding
privileges

PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES

FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY
- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the National Anthem before
the start of the official day’s work

FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY
- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end of the official day’s work

HALF-MAST
- the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the
command

FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS

- departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PNP members are
given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors

HONOR SYSTEM
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs,
PNP officers with the rank of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of
equivalent grade

TURN-OVER CEREMONY
- the relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly
announced by the outgoing and incoming officers

PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

UNIFORM/APPEARANCE

- police officers must observe the following:

a) wearing of prescribed uniform
b) wearing, as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in accordance
with the prescribed rules and regulations
c) adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations

MANNER OF WALKING or GAIT

- every PNP officer is expected to walk with pride and dignity

POLICE TRADITIONS
1) SPIRITUAL BELIEFS VS. PSEUDO SCIENCE
2) VALOR
- police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for the people they have pledged to
serve

3) PATRIOTISM
- police officers manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag
and a vow to defend the Constitution

4) DISCIPLINE
- police officers manifest discipline by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and
through spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided
by moral, ethical and legal norms
5) GENTLEMANLINESS
- police officers are upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance
and sincere in their concern to their fellowmen

6) WORD OF HONOR
- police officers stand by and commit to uphold their word

7) DUTY
- police officers are dedicated public servants who perform their tasks with a deep
sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice

8) LOYALTY
- police officers are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and fellowmen

9) CAMARADERIE
- the binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization