Simplify the following expressions.

(a) y  y  7
(b) a  a  a  a

##
y  y  7  y2  7
(a)
y2

7

1
aaa a  aaa
(b) a
 aa
 a2

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

n
(a)  5n
10
(b) w 2  3  w

##
n 5n 2
 5n 
(a) 10 10
n2

2

2 3w 2
(b) w  3  w  w
 3w

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 8 x  2 y
(b) 10  2a  4b

##
8x
8x  2 y 
(a) 2y
4x

y
 10  2a  4b  20a  4b
20a
(b) 
4b
5a

b

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) m  n – 1 + 2
(b) 5  x  7 y  y  9

##
m  n  1  2  mn  2  1
(a)
 mn  1

5 7y
5  x  7y  y  9   9
x y
(b) 5
 79
x
5
 2
x

===========================================================

Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.

(a) 34
(b) (2)5

##
(a) 34  3  3  3  3
 81

( 2) 5  ( 2)  ( 2)  ( 2)  ( 2)  ( 2)

(b)  ( 2  2  2  2  2)
  32

===========================================================

Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.

(a) 23  5
(b) ( 6) 2  33
##
2 3  5  ( 2  2  2)  5
(a)  2  2  ( 2  5)
 2  2  10
 40

(6) 2
( 6) 2  33 
33
(6)  (6)

(b) 3 3 3
36

27
4

3

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 2s  s  s
(b) t  3t  t  4t

##
(a) 2s  s  s  2  s 3
 2s 3

t  3t  t  4t  3  4  t  t  t  t
(b)  12  t 4
 12t 4

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) a  a  a  a  5  a
(b) ( b)  ( b)  (b)  ( b)

##
1
a  a  a  a  5  a  a  a  a  a  5
a
1
(a)  a  a  a 5 a 
a
 a3  5
 5a 3
(b) ( b )  ( b )  ( b )  ( b )  ( b ) 4
 b4

===========================================================

Express the following algebraic expressions in word phrases.

(a) 4x 5
(b) 2a + 3b

##
(a) Subtract 5 from the product of 4 and x.

(b) Add the product of 3 and b to the product of 2 and a.

===========================================================

Express the following algebraic expressions in word phrases.

6a 2
(a)
5b
(b) 4r3(8 – st)

##
(a) Divide the product of 6 and the square of a by the product of 5 and b.

(b) Subtract the product of s and t from 8 and then multiply the difference by the product of 4
and the cube of r.

===========================================================

Represent the following word phrases by algebraic expressions.

(a) Subtract two times of b from 9.
(b) Divide d2 by 6 and then add 7 to the quotient.

##
(a) The required expression is 9 – 2b.

d2
(b) The required expression is  7.
6

===========================================================

Represent the following word phrases by algebraic expressions.

(a) Subtract 25 from the sum of a and b.
(b) Multiply y by the square of x and then divide the product by the cube of z.

##
(a) The required expression is (a + b) – 25.

x2 y
(b) The required expression is .
z3

===========================================================

If (3x – 2) sweets are shared among (5y + 3) children, how many sweets does each child
get?

##
 3x  2 
Each child gets   sweets.
 5y  3 

===========================================================

A sum of $9m is to be shared by 6 brothers and sisters. How much will each person get?

##
9m 3m

6 2
3m
∴ Each person will get $ .
2

===========================================================

A box of biscuits contains d packs and each pack contains 3d pieces of biscuits. Find the
total number of biscuits in the box.

##
The total number of biscuits  3d  d
 3d 2

===========================================================

Kelvin has 3x $50-notes, 2y $20-notes and z $10-notes. How much money does he have?

##
50  3x + 20  2y + 10  z = 150x + 40y + 10z
∴ Kelvin has $(150x + 40y + 10z).

===========================================================

Given the algebraic expression 3(x  1) + 5, find its values when

(a) x = 4,
(b) x = 0,
(c) x = 3.

##
(a) When x = 4, the value of the algebraic expression
 3( 4  1)  5
 3 3  5
 14

(b) When x = 0, the value of the algebraic expression

 3(0  1)  5
 3  ( 1)  5
2

(c) When x = 3, the value of the algebraic expression

 3( 3  1)  5
 3  ( 4)  5
 12  5
 7

===========================================================

Given the algebraic expression 2c2 – 5, find its values when

(a) c = 3,
(b) c = 5,
1
(c) c .
2

##
(a) When c = 3, the value of the algebraic expression
 2(3) 2  5
 29  5
 13

(b) When c = –5, the value of the algebraic expression

 2( 5) 2  5
 2  25  5
 45

1
(c) When c  , the value of the algebraic expression
2
 2
1
 2   5
 2
1
 2  5
4
1
 5
2
9
 
2

===========================================================

8m
Given the algebraic expression , find its value in each of the following cases.
n
(a) m = 5, n = 4
3
(b) m   ,n=6
4

##
(a) When m = 5 and n = 4, the value of the algebraic expression
(5)

4
 10

3
(b) When m   and n = 6, the value of the algebraic expression
4
 3
8  
  4
6
 3
 8  
 4

6
6

6
 1

===========================================================

Given the algebraic expression 5P – Q, find its value in each of the following cases.
(a) P = 7, Q = 12
3 1
(b) P  , Q 
5 2

##
(a) When P = 7 and Q = 12, the value of the algebraic expression
  5(7)  12
 35  12
 23

3 1
(b) When P  and Q  , the value of the algebraic expression
5 2
 3 1
 5  
5 2
1
3
2
5

2

===========================================================

It is given that the formula P = 2(3b + 4). Find the value of P in each of the following
cases.
(a) b = 0
(b) b = 7
(c) b = 2
5
(d) b 
6

##
(a) When b = 0,
P  2[3(0)  4]
 2  4
 8

(b) When b = 7,
P  2[3(7)  4]
 2  25
  50

(c) When b = 2,

P 2[3( 2)  4]
 2( 6  4)
 2  ( 2)
 4

5
(d) When b  ,
6
  5 
P  2 3   4
  6 
5 
 2  4 
 2 
13
 2 
2
  13

===========================================================

3n
It is given that the formula S  43  . Find the value of S in each of the following
4
cases.
(a) n = 12
(b) n = 16

##
(a) When n = 12,
3(12)
S  43 
4
 43  9
 34

(b) When n = 16,

3( 16)
S  43 
4
 43  12
 55

===========================================================

Given that G = 2a(2b – 5), find the value of G in each of the following cases.
(a) a = 2, b = 3
(b) a = 2.5, b = 5
3 5
(c) a ,b  
4 6

##
(a) When a = 2 and b = 3,
G  2( 2)[2(3)  5]
 2  ( 2)  1
 4

(b) When a = 2.5 and b = 5,

 G  2( 2.5)[2(5)  5]
 2  ( 2.5)  5
  25

3 5
(c) When a  and b   ,
4 6
 3   5  
G  2  2    5
 4   6  
3  5 
     5
2  3 
3  20 
  
2  3 
  10

===========================================================

Given that T = x2 – 4y2, find the value of T in each of the following cases.
(a) x = 2, y = 3
1 1
(b) x   , y  
4 2

##
(a) When x = 2 and y = 3,
T  ( 2) 2  4( 3) 2
 4  49
 4  36
  32

1 1
(b) When x   and y   ,
4 2
2 2
 1  1
T      4  
 4   2
1 1
  4
16 4
1
 1
16
15

16

===========================================================

By guessing and checking, find the solution of x – 1 = 5.

##
Try x = 6.
Substitute x = 6 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 6 – 1 = 5
R.H.S. = 5
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x = 6 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

By guessing and checking, find the solution of 4 + m = 15.

##
Try m = 11.
Substitute m = 11 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 4 + 11 = 15
R.H.S. = 15
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ m = 11 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

By guessing and checking, find the solution of 7 – b = 4.

##
Try b = 3.
Substitute b = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 7 – 3 = 4
R.H.S. = 4
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ b = 3 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

By guessing and checking, find the solution of 4R = 12.

##
Try R = 3.
Substitute R = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 4(3) = 12
R.H.S. = 12
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ R = 3 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================
 2a
By guessing and checking, find the solution of  2 .
5

##
Try a = 5.
Substitute a = 5 into both sides of the equation.
2( 5)
L.H.S. =  2
5
R.H.S. = 2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ a = 5 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

z 1
By guessing and checking, find the solution of  5.
3

##
Try z = 16.
Substitute z = 16 into both sides of the equation.
16  1 15
L.H.S. =  5
3 3
R.H.S. = 5
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ z = 16 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

Find any 4 integral solutions of the following algebraic inequalities.

(a) x > 6
(b) y < 2

##
(a) ∵ Any number which is greater than 6 is a solution of x > 6.
∴ 7, 8, 9 and 10 are 4 integral solutions of x > 6.
(or any other reasonable answers)

(b) ∵ Any number which is less than 2 is a solution of y < 2.

∴ 3, 4, 5 and 6 are 4 integral solutions of y < 2.
(or any other reasonable answers)

===========================================================

Find any 4 integral solutions of the following algebraic inequalities.

(a) a  2 .5
1
(b) B  5
4

##
(a) ∵ Any number which is less than or equal to 2.5 is a solution of a  2.5 .
∴ 2, 1, 0 and 1 are 4 integral solutions of a  2.5 .
(or any other reasonable answers)

1 1
(b) ∵ Any number which is greater than or equal to  5 is a solution of B  5
4 4
.
1
∴ 5, 4, 3 and 2 are 4 integral solutions of B  5 .
4
(or any other reasonable answers)

===========================================================

Find any 4 integral solutions of the following algebraic inequalities.

(a) M  7
(b) N > 8

##
(a) ∵ Any number which is less than or equal to 7 is a solution of M  7 .
∴ 7, 6, 5 and 4 are 4 integral solutions of M  7 .
(or any other reasonable answers)

(b) ∵ Any number which is greater than 8 is a solution of N > 8.

∴ 7, 6, 5 and 4 are 4 integral solutions of N > 8.
(or any other reasonable answers)

===========================================================

Use an algebraic inequality to represent each of the following word phrases.

(a) The sum of z and 6 is less than 20.
(b) Half of a is not less than 5.

##
(a) The required inequality is z + 6 < 20.

a
(b) The required inequality is  5.
2

===========================================================

Use an algebraic inequality to represent each of the following word phrases.

(a) Two-thirds of s is greater than 4.
(b) Subtract 7 from three times of t and the difference is less than or equal to 16.

##
2
(a) The required inequality is s  4 .
3

(b) The required inequality is 3t  7  16 .

===========================================================

The figure shows a triangle with perimeter 18 cm.

(a) Set up an algebraic equation in x.
(b) Find the value of x.

##
(a) x + x + x = 18

(b) From (a), 3x = 18

Try x = 6.
Substitute x = 6 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 3(6) = 18
R.H.S. = 18
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ x6

===========================================================

The figure shows a triangle with area 6 cm2.

(a) Set up an algebraic equation in y.
(b) Find the value of y.
##
1 y
(a)  4  6
2 5

2y
(b) From (a), 6
5
Try y = 15.
Substitute y = 15 into both sides of the equation.
2(15)
L.H.S. = 6
5
R.H.S. = 6
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ y  15

===========================================================

The price for a can of soft drink is $c. John has $20 and it is not enough to buy 8 cans of
soft drink. Set up an algebraic inequality to represent the situation.

##
The required inequality is 8c > 20.

===========================================================

The length of a piece of string is 64 cm. Julitta cuts away k cm of the string. If the
remaining string is not shorter than 10 cm, set up an algebraic inequality to represent the
situation.

##
The required inequality is 64  k  10 .

===========================================================

Find the 7th and the 8th terms of each of the following sequences.
(a) 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 
(b) 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 

##
(a) The 7th term of the sequence  22  4  26
The 8th term of the sequence  26  4  30

(b) The 7th term of the sequence  64  2  66

The 8th term of the sequence  66  2  68

===========================================================
Find the 6th and the 7th terms of each of the following sequences.
(a) 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 
(b) 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 

##
(a) The 6th term of the sequence  21  5   26
The 7th term of the sequence  26  5   31

(b) The 6th term of the sequence  (48)  2   96

The 7th term of the sequence  ( 96)  2   192

===========================================================

Find the 5th and the 6th terms of each of the following sequences.
(a) 1, 2, 4, 8, 
(b) 4, 12, 36, 108, 

##
(a) The 5th term of the sequence  8  ( 2)   16
The 6th term of the sequence  ( 16)  (2)  32

(b) The 5th term of the sequence  ( 108)  (3)  324

The 6th term of the sequence  324  ( 3)   972

===========================================================

According to the general terms below, find the first 4 terms of each sequence.
(a) 5n
4
(b)  n
3

##
(a) The 1st term  5(1)  5
The 2nd term  5( 2)  10
The 3rd term  5(3)  15
The 4th term  5( 4)  20

4 4
(b) The 1st term =  (1)  
3 3
4 8
The 2nd term =  ( 2)  
3 3
4
The 3rd term =  (3)   4
3
 4 16
The 4th term =  ( 4)  
3 3

===========================================================

According to the general terms below, find the first 4 terms of each sequence.
(a) 3n  1
(b) 4(5 + 3n)

##
(a) The 1st term  3(1)  1  2
The 2nd term  3(2)  1  5
The 3rd term  3(3)  1  8
The 4th term  3( 4)  1  11

(b) The 1st term  4[5  3(1)]  4  8  32

The 2nd term  4[5  3( 2)]  4  11  44
The 3rd term  4[5  3(3)]  4  14  56
The 4th term  4[5  3(4)]  4  17  68

===========================================================

According to the general terms below, find the first 4 terms of each sequence.
(a) 1 – n2
(b) 2n3 + 1

##
(a) The 1st term  1  (1) 2  0
The 2nd term  1  (2) 2   3
The 3rd term  1  (3) 2   8
The 4th term  1  (4) 2   15

(b) The 1st term  2(1) 3  1  3

The 2nd term  2(2) 3  1  17
The 3rd term  2(3) 3  1  55
The 4th term  2(4) 3  1  129

===========================================================

According to the general terms below, find the first 4 terms of each sequence.
1
(a)
4n
1
(b)
( 3) n
##
1 1
(a) The 1st term  4(1)  4
1 1
The 2nd term  4(2)  8
1 1
The 3rd term  4(3)  12
1 1
The 4th term  4(4)  16

1 1
(b) The 1st term  1

3
(3)
1 1
The 2nd term  2

9
( 3)
1 1
The 3rd term  3

27
(3)
1 1
The 4th term  4

81
( 3)

===========================================================

For the following number machine, find the value of the output.

Input x = 36   Output
x
Number machine
4

##
36
The value of the output = 9
4

===========================================================

For the following number machine, find the value of the output.

Input x = 6   Output
Number machine 3x + 7

##
The value of the output = 3(6)  7  25

===========================================================
For the following number machine, find the value of the output.

Input x = 3   Output
Number machine 2x – 3

##
The value of the output  2( 3)  3  6  3   9

===========================================================

For the following number machine, find the value of the output.

Input x = 4   Output
Number machine 0.5(x + 2)

##
The value of the output  0.5[( 4)  2]  0.5  ( 2)   1

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 5  d
(b) f  6

##
(a) 5  d  5d

f
(b) f 6 
6