Os Ree Nk es 1 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form ‘a word that fits the gap in the same line, FOLK HIGH SCHOOLS I'ma secondary school student in Denmark. Here, in addition to ‘studying compulsory subjects, students choose a main field to focus on. ‘Secondary school is very * , and last year, [couldn't Co manageit often worked on* “until 200m and got so a little sleep that I could barely pay attention in class. also began having doubts about biology, my field of study, and I considered dropping out. Luckily, my parents suggested a term at a folk high school. Despite the name, these aren't secondary schools but residential schools for informal ® —__. Most folk schools are for adults, but went toone that's especially for 16-19-year-olds. Like all folk schools, it 2 personal development, community living and the scion a can study one subject or many. Itried painting and photography but fell in love with journalism. The teachers were great, and there was always at ‘atmosphere in the classroom. Ialsoenjoyed the extra” activities and living in student housing. By the end of the term, fd realised that f liked science, but | didn't want tobe a scientist. With the help of the folk schools counsellor, I made some changes to my studies when I returned to my school. Now I'm on my way to achieving my goal of studying journalism at university and ‘becoming a science reporter. Although going to a folk school was tomy secondary schooling, it wasa valuable one~ corn ‘without the pressure of exams. Students © Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. sees HARROW SCHOOL: NOW ONLINE You have probably heard * Eton Collage, the British boarding schoo! : for boys, but what about Harrow School? This prestigious boarding schoo! for boys ages 13 to 18 was established in London in 1872, two years aftar Eton * colebratad its 130th anniversary. Like Eton, Harrow * educated many leaders in politics, industry, science and the arts. But unlike Eton, Harraw has also * building schools broad since 1998. So « «there are Harrow International Schools in China, Hong Kong and Thailand. And soon, Harrow will be opening an online sixth ! form, of last year of secondary school. Harrow School Online will prepare i students living abroad for the international A-Lovels ~ university ~ entrance exams. Thore are * 10 be live onfine lessons with teachers and othor students, as well as individual tutorials and a self-study, Students will even be able to take part ” Pe online extra-curricular activites, including a student newspaper and BT a chess club. At approximately £15,000, the course isn't choap, but compared the cost of attending and boarding et : 1 Harrow, it's a bargain ~ and the fee includes the exam costs, y 70Be) NCHA 3 | Read the text below and decide which answer, A, B, C or D, best fits each gap. Anyone who has online For videos of robots has probably come across Spot. For years, Spot's developers, a company called Boston Dynamics, have been posting videos of this robotic dog dancing, climbing stairs, opening doors and pulling a lorry. These videos have viral, because people are fascinated by how the metre-tall, 32-kllo ‘machine moves almost like a real dog. Spot is equipped». Four legs, cameras, ‘computer technology and sensors, and is “of grasping things with tsextendable ‘arm, Although its developers have joked about Spot being an entertainer, Spot is really meant Forjobs in the real world that are * serious ~ such as bomb disposal. It’s aiso a good ® for guarding buildings ‘and doing light construction jobs, andisa... match For natural disaster rescue work. In addition, users can itso itcan be used for additional tasks, such as pairing it with To see Spot in action, check out the videos. 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the Word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. My new microwave is much easier to operate than my ald one, FRIENDLY My old microwave was as my new one. 2 Why isn't the bank's website letting me see my account information? DENYING Why is the bank's website my account information? 3 I'll let you bortow my jacket if you promise to return it tomorrow. LONG "il let you borrow my jacket you promise to retum it tomorrow. 4 Some doctors have publicly ebjected to putting microchips in people. OUT Some doctors have against putting microchips in people. 5 I know exactly how much time | spend online every day. WELL ' amount of time | spend online every day. 6 Josh always answers my coding questions, even when he's really busy. MATTER Josh always answers my coding questions, he is. 7 hardly ever rains there In July. HIGHLY Ws there in July. 8 Ihope Ms Smith continues to teach computer science here, KEEP Vhope Ms Smith computer science here,‘L Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Wren SHOPPING’S A COMPULSION Many people enjoy shopping. But that doesn't describe those * shopping Is compulsive ~ meaning, they do it frequently and car't stop even though it harms them. Compulsive shopping * becoming ‘serious issue in the US and Europe, * it affects around seven percent of adults. Experts predict that this figure * rise in the ‘coming years. Compulsive shoppers fal into various categories, The most well-known is emotional shoppers, * buy whan they're sad or angry. Others can't resist anything ® the sales, even when they don't need it, Some feo! a need to have the latest things oF to impress others, And some compulsively buy and then exchange or return items. No matter its form, compulsive shopping can cause serious financial problems. Beyond this, many studies % ‘showin that it can also lead to depression, anxiety and loss of self-esteem. Some experts have trying to get it officially classified as a mental health condition, which would increase public awareness and make it easier to get treatment, 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences Saing the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1m low on cash this month. SHORT ' this month. 2 When Nora wears old clothes, she manages to make them look very stylish. DATE Nora manages to make look very stylish. 3 If 1don't have enough money, will you lend me a few euros? CASE will you lend me | don’t have enough money? 4 You get alot for your money with an annual membership to the fitness centre, VALUE ‘The fitness centre's annual membership is ‘your money. 5 There's no chanee I'll ga abroad next summer, QUESTION Going abroad next summer {6 | usvally eat healthier meals at home than in restaurants, WHOLE for me. ‘The meals that | eat in restaurants are as healthy as those | eat at home, 7 Ie was immediately obvious to us that the shop ad been robbed. GLANCE ‘We understood that the shop had been robbed 8 You can’t get a table at that restaurant without booking ahead of time. IN You have to book get a table at that restaurant. (ae ba Tips, ee Suen’ 56K page 168] 72Beem Nea sre 1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, Including the word given. 1 She hasn't appeared before an audience. LIVE Her last two years ago. 2. Teens will enjoy this comedy series more than adults. APPEAL This comedy series than adults, 3. To raise the volume, press “plus” on the remote control. UP You can by pressing the plus sign, 4 You should try to watch the film in the cinema. SEEING In my opinion, the film fon the big screen. 5. The Moog synthesiser radically changed how music could be created, REVOLUTION ‘The Moog synthesiser led the way music was created, 6 The character's problems weren't ones | could understand, RELATE i the character's problems. 7 We hope our documentary will influence public opinion, IMPACT We hope our documentary will public opinion, 8 Before becoming megastars, the Beatles had played in small clubs for years. HIT The Beatles after playing for years in small clubs, [For txam Tins, see Student's Book page 164] 2 Read the text below and decide which answer, A, 8, C oF D, best fits each gap. A DIFFERENT KIND OF MUSIC ‘The next time you needa break’ homework, try browsing online to see some ‘unusual ways of making music. For instance, check out the video of Etnobit, a group of percussionists, playing on Siberia’s Lake Baikal. Just so you don’t? _, I don't mean on the lake shore. The". were literally playing on the lake, which wes frozen. They had noneed* __ bring drums because not only wasthe lake the* __., but itsice formations were also the Instruments. in the video, the sounds are nearly identical to drums! Afterthe video came in 2013, there was quite alot of” about whether or not it was real ‘Some people accused Etnobit of Faking the sound by Using a of drums. | don't think that's true, but why “not watch It and see what you think? ) PS i ee a 2 A mistake 8 mishear C misunderstand D misunderstanding 3 US ool roe el eer 4 A to C for D with 5 LR Ce 6 A off 8 over C about D out i OE a Se B revolution reaction D recording‘L Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using {re Word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 The clerk who stole money from the company was never punished. GOT ; “The clerk stealing money from the company. 2 ignored the paperwork for a while, but I'm glad it's done now, CAUGHT V'm glad that the paperwork: 3. Donating money is ust one of many ways you can help a charity oF an organisation. CAUSE “There are many ways. , Including donating money. 4 Idon't think you're doing the right thing by allowing John to behave so rudely to you. PUT Ht were you, | John's rude behaviour. 5 Without doubt, this is the worst slum in the city. FAR This city's worst slum, {6 The city made a mistake by teducing funding for youth programmes. CUT ‘The city should funding for youth programmes. 7 The hospital workers aren't returning to thelr Jobs until they receive better conditions. GONE ‘The hospital workers until they recelve better conditions. 1B If we don't do anything soon, it’s only going to get worse. UNLESS, It's only going to get worse soon. 2D pead the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form } a word that fits the gap In the same line, BakinG FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE Some sign petitions, donate money, volunteer ACTIVE orattend ? Michael C. Platt, in Maryland, USA, DEMONSTRATE bakes. At age 11, Michael was diagnosed with a form of epilepsy, which made it ® {or him to continue attending school. RISK Being homeschooled, he decided he had time to take * act ‘on a social issue while also earning some money and doing something he loved. So, with some * from his parents, Michael FUND. began a bakery at home, pledging to give one biscuit or cupcake to the . for every treat that he sold. HOME Michael soon made a local name for himself and, now, two years later, he typically makes, sells and donates more than 200 treats a month, Among these are the special monthly cupcakes he creates to honour those who fought to end” | such as Martin Luther King, Jrand EQUAL Nelson Mandela. : ‘The business Isn't making Michael " but getting rich WEALTH , was never his aim, (Roem Tips see Suen Beak pane 164] 74L Read the text below and decide which answer, A, 6, Cor D, best fits each gap. Shark attacks on humans are very’ ...inthe Indian ‘Ocean, but in February 2011, Eric Dargent, a French nurse and experienced surfer, became a victim, In a sudden and 4 attack, the shark bit off his lower left leg. Dargent: was lucky, as the attack could easilyhave been ® Still his leg had to be amputated above the knee. This, he ‘was told, would make it... For himto ever surf again, Dargent strongly * to this idea. He wasn't going to let the attack put an end... his surfing. Working together with an orthopedist and others, Dargent: played arole” devising anew type of prosthetic leg for surfers. If* are correct, surfing, an official Olympic sport For the first time in 2021, willbe added to the Paralympics in 2024, A brave fierce admirable ( BagRBITEN Deny impossible C_ Mogical D_ objective (being =e) (C [objected (0) “disapproved” amma Cwth Df ES Ces. S ior Ol a predictions C_ predators D_ terrors (For Exam Tips see Student's Yook page 164 2 Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. For many years, rhinos * ‘been targoted by poachers because of the large market for the animal's horn, > le considered by seme to have medicinal ‘qualities. In the late 2000s, greater demand and higher prices led 10 increased poaching, In the {allowing years, more than 1,000 rhinos * killed annually in South Arica, “ {80% of the world’s thinos live. A fow years ego, the country rocsived help inthe fight against poachers. turned ‘an expertin the USA ‘breeds and trains a type of high-speed, free-running tracking, {dog that hunts in packs. Several packs now work in South African reserves, with rangers following in helicopters when the dogs y released, Though trained not to bite, the dogs are terrifying and highty effective in keeping poachors trapped until thelr arrast. Rangers hava ‘caught more than 145 poachers so far, and in 2019, the number of rhinos poachad in South Africa fell to 594, That's all too high, but the only way to bring . an end to rhino poaching permanently is to end demand for their horns. For Exam Tips, see Sidney Wook page 16e)USE OF ENGLISH 7 ‘1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1 There's no question that this is the region’s most beautiful spot. BEYOND This spot most beautiful in the region 2 He lost his entire savings due to his gambling problem. ENDED Because of his gembling problem, losing his entire savings. 3. Emily and | are not interested in the same things. COMMON 1 with Emily 4 When he was a young man, he took a lot of big risks, EDGE He hhe was a young man 5 You'll cause an accident if you keep driving at this speed. DOWN " «you'll cause an accident, 6 | didn’t drink tap water there because I was afraid of getting sick. PLAYED 1 ‘and didn't drink tap water there, 7 There ate too many issues for one person to manage. DEAL ‘One person all these issues, 8 {'m really annoyed by the way he's behaving these days. BEAR 1 behaviour these days. 2 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line. TRY EVEIRY ie WORLD Reaching Malta in ate 2017, 27-year-old Sal Lavallo achieved a * ‘goal - visiting every country In the world, Lavallo's * for ‘rave! began with his upbringing, which included extensive local and foreign {ravel. His exposure to global cultures continued when he attended an International boarding secondary school, went to university and moved to Abu Dhabi for work. By his rid-20s, he had visited 115 of the world’s 193 UN-recognised countries. Who wouldn't be ” to visit the = remainder? With litte * Lavallo quit his job and set off to do it. His joumey included places such as Libya and Afghanistan, which were considered * because of wars and unstable political situations. (ED However, he rarely faced * situations, and even those had good outcomes. For Instance, after he'd been robbed at the Sudanese border, passers-by comforted him and gave him money. Many other acts of kindness were beyond his ” , Such as being hosted by people he had Czas Just met, His experiences are a good reminder that there are friendly people everywhere who are © to help strangers. =tsa Case) ‘1 Read the text below and decide which answer, A.B, C or D, best fits each gap. To Be or Not to Be? In the year 1794, a young man named William-Henry Ireland succeeded in leading London's best literary experts up the garden"... People were amazed ‘when he found some old papers apparently written by William Shakespeare, who hhad been dead for 200 years,’ Shakespeare lovers grew more excited as ‘month after month he continued to come up with more “original letters and poems, No one seemed to. that Ireland was a clever* and was writing the papers himself Ireland was aware that people would find out sooner or © that they were being __, That time finally came when an entire "Shakespeare" play that he had written was performed in a large theatre, The play was so bad that critics in the audience soon” a rat, and needless to say, the play was performed only once, Ireland eventually admitted the truth and confessed that ithad all been a huge® | D. Gullible © poacher D_ daredevil C exploited D._isguised oH © outcome D hoax, 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1 We thought that maybe he had hidden something from us, WOOL } We suspected him of eyes. 2 She dicn’t think that we would come to the party, SHOW She didn't expect to the pany. 3 It'S to0 bad you believed that deceptive ad. FALLEN You should that deceptive advert. 4 Voters may sometimes be unaware that politicians are lying to them, MISLED } Voters may sometimes be unaware that by politicians, \ 5. Iwas annoyed and bored by the game, so stopped playing. SICK | would have continued playing if | had not of the game, 6 I think that we should believe her. THE | suggest the doubt. 7 “Liwicked everyone,” admitted the student. PRANK The student admitted that he fon everyone. 8 Sometimes the magician doesn’t make his costumes. NOW The magician has then. 77READING 1 78 You are going to read an article about a marathon runner. For questions 1-6, choose the answer {A,B Cor b) which you think fits best according (0 the text 4m the first paragraph, what is the author's main point? ‘A Someone did something extraordinary. © Cromdls of people watched someone do something that was believed to be Impossible. C The admiration that some people expressed was exaggerated, 1D Someone was very happy with what he had just done. 2 There were people who ‘A doubted that llud Kipchoge could run a marathon in under two hours were sure that t was possible to run a marathon in under two hours C concluded that it might be possible to run a marathon tn under two hours D felt that there had t0 be certain conditions for a marathon to be run 3. What isthe purpose of the third paragraph? ‘A to describe how Its possible to run a marathon in under two hours B to show the planning Involved in organising the event C to tell the reader that a similar attempt was unsuccessful afew years before to highlight how fast Kipchoge had to run to obtain his goal 44 What was the main reason for Kipchoge’s success according to some” {A The course was straight. BB The weather conditions were favourable. C His shoes gave him an advantage. D He was the best marathon runner in the worl. 5 Which of the following statements is NOT true? {A Kipchoge’s shoes were made just for him, B The shoes would probably not be allowed in an official marathon. € Had it not been for his shoes, Kipchoge might not have achieved his gost. D The bottom part of his shoes contained something that helped Kipchoge achieve his goal 6 How does the writer feel about Kipchoge breaking the two-hour barrier? 1k Kipehoge could only do it because of the help he had received. B it was an outstanding achievement despite the assistance the runner had received. € it didn’t count since it wasn’t an official race D There was no doubt that he would complete it in under two hours, (eo Tis Se mE BK GS TESAICE]BREAKING THE TWO-HOUR BARRIER When Eliud Kipchoge triumphantly raised his arms in Prater Park In Vienna on the morning of 12th October 2019, there was no doubt that history had been made, The Kenyan runner had done what many had said ‘was impossible, He'd run a marathon in under two hours. Crowds of cheering spectators lined the park in the Austrian capital to witness him do the 42.2 kilometres in one hour, 59 minutes and 40,2 seconds. The smile on Kipchoge's face said ital as he crossed the finish line and pointed up to the electronic timer that displayed his record-breaking time, Tributes soon poured in. As a human achievement, it was up there with ‘Nell Armstrong walking on the moon, some said. Others were more reserved, saying it was one of the greatest sporting achievements in history. But this was no ordinary marathon featuring thousands of other runners, Kipchoge was only racing against the clock. Fer years, people had been speculating whether finishing a marathon in under 120 minutes was doable. Some claimed it was beyond human capability. Others, meanwhile, had analysed how marathon winning times had got slightly faster ever the years. They predicted it would be done in the year 2030 or so. A Few felt i was closer to becoming a reality due to advances in both footwear technology, health and nuition. These optimists did admit, however, that it might only be achievable in extremely controlled conditions without the unpredictability of an official competition, What are these conditions? The course would have to be straight to limit the amount of times the runner would slow down to turn corners. The weather would have to be perfect: no wind, dry and not too hot. ft would also have to be the right runner. And who might this be? There was only one candidate: Kipchoge, who was considered the best marathon runner in the world. But breaking the two-hour barrier was far from certain. A similar attempt a couple of years earlier, also featuring Kipchoge, had ended in failure. But this time, he kept to his target pace of 2 minutes 50 seconds per kilometre, This was achieved with the help of a group of pacemakers who ran the course with him. Some have dismissed Kipchoge's achievement, claiming it more a victory for science than sport, They believe that an official competitive race run under two hours would be more of an achievement than what the Kenyan did in Vienna. i's also been argued that Kipchoge received too much assistance fram his footwear. These shoes were specifically designed for the day. The insides were made with carbon fibre, and, at the front, there was a special area filled with air. With every step. Kinchoge experienced a bounce similar to when someone jumps from a diving board inte a swimming pool. Would these shoes be allowed in an official competition? Some think not. But to deny Kipchoge the credit is a failure to understand the greatness of his abllity and just how much effort he put into running so quickly for that length of time. The average marathon time is four hours, 32 minutes, and 49 seconds ~ a full two-and-a-half hours slower than Kipchoge’s effort. Comparing him to the first person who walked on the moon is an exaggeration, but what the Kenyan achieved is still out of this world. 79READING 2 Read the text and answer the questions that follow. OVERTOURISM. There are 100 people visiting one of the most iconic places on Earth, This ‘and they've climbed almost 8,848 metres to the top of ‘photograph by Nirmal Purja, a mountaineer from Nepal, shows them waiting ‘30 many people climb Everest today, the Eiffel Tower in Paris. They're on Mount Everest, the planet's highest mountain. A to reach the summit. But how can Impossible feat? Perhaps it's because It’s now financially achievable for queue of tourists, however, isn’t at ‘when it was once considered a nearly many, For around $35,000, you can organise a guided Fer everest This gets you the necessary documentation, equipment such as oxygen bows ss well as fa sherpa ~ a local guide with ‘expert knowledge of the mountain ~ to assist you, But the increase in tourisrn ts Faking noticeable effect on Everest There 8 environmental damage, with Inter and discarded equipment ‘everywhere, and parts of the mountain are eroding. Concerned mountain for a few years. The small country, {government of Nepal to close the climbers bring, has responded by limiting access for 3 mountaineers want to reduce the amount 36 million visitors in 2017, fear getting crushed. There's also an environmental Issue: Venice is ft sn't only Everest that suffers from overtourism, though. Officials in some of the world's meat of tourists. The Italian city of Venice. They flock to the picturesque St Mark's Square, which gets so packed that people individuals and environmentalists want the which needs the revenue few months a year and completely banning sole visited cities ‘with a population of about 50,000, received ‘built on water and it's gradually sinking, fear getting che number of tourists Is acelerating the process, andthe cy floeds more often thar in the past. If you think overtourism in ship passengers who come departing. While the restaurants rather than back on the and more about quality. ship, And those in Venice is good for business, for fees than a day, spending little money in restaurants or shops before ‘benefits of tourism exist ~ creating employment, for instance seeininable, Tourists should use the local services. Cruise ship passengers, for example, then you're mistaken. Many of the tourists are crulse = the Industry needs to be should eat in local the tourist industry should think less about quantity Choose the correct answer. 1 Why are there more people climbing Everest than in the past? ‘a. You can now get the correct paperwork. b it's more affordable for people these days. © Sherpas make it easier for climbers to reach the top of Everest. 2. How are both Mount Everest and Venice affected by tourism? a Both might be fundamentally changed if tourist umbers aren't limited b Both are benefitting from the amount of money that tourists spend. Both have had visitor numbers limited. Decide whether the sentences are true (T) oF false (F). Find evidence in the text to justify your answer. 1. Mountaineers can no fonger climb Everest alone. 2 The writer doesn't mention any benefits of overtourism. Rewrite the sentences without changing the original meaning. 1 The climbers had to wait a fong time to reach the top of Everest. After 2 Venice is built on water and it’s gradually sinking, Because 80 4 Answer the questions. 1 What factors have led people to demand that the government of Nepal close Mount Everest? 2 What does the author mean by “local services” in paragraph Vt Find words in the text that mean: 1 the top of a mountain (paragraph 1) 2. accomplishment (paragraph 1) 3 financial income (paragraph I) 4 crowded (paragraph 1) 5 wrong, Incorrect (paragraph IV) Write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option. 1A Description: Describe what there is for ‘a tourist to see and do in your town or city. 2 An Opinion Essay: Explain whether you agree {with the following statement: “There should be ‘limit on the number of tourists that visita city o attraction at any one time.” (For xan Tips se Stadt Bosk pages 165-166 | ———————You are going to read a blog about a new kind of food. Six sentences have been removed from the article, Choose from the sentences A.G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There Is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A Where once it was enjoyed once a week, these days there are those who demand meat at every meal, B if you were to tell someone the burger they were about to eat was made In a laboratory, he or she might simply refuse to eat i. C However, lab-grown meat is now cheaper to create, D This is because the cost of meat has fallen around the globe. E Those who've tried it say it looks like, and even tastes like, the real thing, F To meet this increase in demand, more farmed animals are needed. G The main issue is that there isn’t enough food to go around. FEEDING THE WORLD ANDSAVING THE PLANET They say it could save the planet. They say it could stop millions from going hungry every day. But what is "it"? The "it" I'm talking about s synthetic meat ~ that js, meat that's been scientifically made from animal cells ina laboratory, This isn't the stuff of science fiction, A Russian cosmonaut did it aboard the International Space Station, anc it’s just a matier of time before these products arrive in supermarkets. [|__| But why is there a need to. create something that is already naturally available? We first need to consider some of the current problems faced with feeding the world. [2] The United ‘Nations estimates that 820 million people go hungry every year. By “hungry”. | don’t mean when people haven't had time to eat during the day. I's when they go days without eating because there isn't anything available. On the contrary there are many who are eating too much - especially meat. [HII] This isthe casein the developing world, like in China, where meat consumption has risen from around 14 kilos of meat per person per year to around 64 Kllos. This in a county of almost 1.5 billion people. But the problem isn't restricted to up-and-coming nations. In the USA, annual beef production has jumped from around seven billion kilos in 1961 to around 12 billion today. [BT Jano for this there needs to be more land dedicated to agriculture. Large areas of grassland in the USA have been tured into huge, industrial-size farms, while 70 per cent of all deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest is because of the meat industry. As a result, the desire for meat ‘s contributing to climate change. Trees and grass absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that warms Earth's climate. The more trees you destroy, the more carbon dioxide there Is in the atmosphere, There is lictle surprise then that people fee! the need to do something. This is where synthetic meat comes in, Scientists have been working to perfect this since 2013, whan Dr Mark Post, a researcher at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, created an artificial hamburger. The taste was authentic, but the cost to make ‘one single burger was prohibitive (€250,000).[5 |__| A Spanish:-based company has made an affordable artificial steak that is already available in some restaurants throughout Europe. ‘But the synthetic industry is facing a bit of resistance - and not only from farmers, who claim that lab-grown food doesn't have the same nutrients. For many, artificial meat doesn't appeal as much as a juicy steak. A recent study has proved this. Around 80 per cent of Americans would be reluctant to even try artificial meat. So it seems to me that maybe the most difficult thing about feeding and saving the world is. actually changing people's perceptions. BLNG You are going to read about four people who talk about the reality show they work on. For questions 41-10, choose fram the people A:D, The people may be chosen more than once. BACKSTAGE AT BAKING BIG: A Series Producer In atypical reality show, people go all out to win a huge cash prize, often arguing and playing tricks on tach other to win, But in Baking Big! we challenged this concept and created a stylish family show where the excitement comes from the baking and the prize is a huge wooden spoon and five kilos of sugar! And Judging by the erties’ reviews, i's working. Our show is more or less “real”, We don't follow a scrip, tell participants how to behave or create conflict between them. We just put them on the set and tell them to oor, But we do try to build up the drama where we can. For example, bakers are required to call over oe ameraman every time they put a cake in the oven or take one out because these are tense moments. When disaster strikes, we'te delighted! The episode where one contestant’s ice-cream cake melted was fa record-breaking success. Do we interfere with the judges’ decisions? Not unless they want to eliminate the contestant viewers love the most. Then | have the final say, especially if he or she ts the one bringing In the ratings! B Production Manager My Job Is to make sure that, as far as possible, the baking on the show goes according 10 plan. That sald, tigasters will ahvays happen, and those are the scenes that often get broadcast. But we don’t want to set Snyone up for failure. We even test a cake In every oven before filming to ensure it’s all working properly. {confirm we've got ail the ingredients and double-check the recipes to see if they're practical and realistic. ‘Then {talk them over with the contestants and make sure they know their way around the kitchen. When We're filming, | make sure everything goes well, but if see a contestant change his or her mind and do something that's probably going to fall, t have to turn away, It can be tough. | want to give advice, but fon issues related to the actual baking, 'm not allowed to say a word! Cameraman IF you think we broadcast live and that reality TV is totally real’, you're very much mistaken. For one thing, Ore Asminute episode is filmed over two Lé-hour days, so everything takes a lot longer than you think. For another, contestants spend hours redoing dishes that went wrong, breads that haven't risen or Uesserts that have flopped. Much of this 1s edited out. kt goes without saying that before the “beauty Shots", bumt bits are hidden and cracks are filled in to make the dish look perfect. In fact, to make the programme run smoothly, contestants have to wear the same clothes on Sunday that they wore on Srarday even if they're white with flour and covered in chocolate! Personally, | love filming reality shows pecause they're unpredictable: situations develop, and there isn't time for the producer to tell you what he or she wants, 50 you've got to think on your feet and react quickly. D Casting Director I'm in charge of finding 12 contestants out of around 20,000 applications. No easy task! | spend hours looking for the right people. The judges claim contestants are chosen for their baking ability, but I'm really ooking for people who are different, The main thing is they should have personality or a story to tell ‘Candidates get a telephone interview and an audition, where they have to bake a cake in front of the camara to see if they can talk and bake at the same time. The successful ones meet our psychologist, who Sscesces whether they can cope with the pressures of reality TV. For example, during editing, directors tiist the scenes to create plot and pace. I one contestant is upset when something goes wrong, It's made to look like anger at another's success, Clearly, not everyone can accept that! Which person .. explains how cutting scenes hides what really happens? says the aim was to create something different? suggests that it's hard to avoid failures in bakin? ‘explains how the show can be emotionally challenging? \wistes he or she could help the contestants? sometimes decides which contestant stays or leaves the show? enjoys taking responsibilty when something happens? ‘mentions a very difficult challenge in his or her work? helps make sure the competion is fair? admits he or she |s pleased when things go wrong?READING 5 Read the text and answer the questions that follow. MONEY (ALMOST) BUYS HAPPINESS The Beatles once sang that money doesn't buy love. But it does buy you happiness ~ to a certain extent. Asstudy by Case Western Reserve University in the USA found people are more likely to classify themselves as happy the more money they earn from their job. Academics found that for every dollar in household Income. there is an increase in how content people are likely to view themselves as being. This levels off at $200,000 per year, as there is no further rise in happiness reported after that amount. ‘However, a person's level of happiness isn't always determined by how rich he ot she Is. In fact, those who've suddenly received a huge amount of cash, like lottery winners, are likely to become dissatisfied with their lives. The reason for this Is what scientists from the University of Liege in Belgium call “experience stretching”. What this refers to Is the lack of enjoyment we fee! towards the more mundane or everyday things in life, like watching TV or reading a book, once we start to “live it up" and become exposed to an extravagant lifestyle. And there's plenty of evidence to back this up, ‘Callie Rogers became the UK's youngest lottery winner in 2003, and - at 16 years old - it changed her life for the worse. In no time, she spent her almost £1.9 million fortune on expensive cars, cosmetic surgery and property. She ended up suffering from depression, which she later blamed on the stress of having so ‘much money at such a young age. Today, Callle is no longer wealthy, but she says she is happier, James Hayes, an American security guard, won $19 million in his thirties, but the money didn’t last long. Addicted to an expensive lifestyle, he began to rob banks to maintain his high standard of living. After being arrested in 2017, he’s now behind bars. So, if being rich isn’t the key to happiness, then what is? A charity, Action for Happiness, which promotes the well-being of individuals, thinks the solution is very simple and inexpensive; be kind to others, enjoy the outdoors and accept yourself for who you are. ‘1 Choose the correct answer. 4 Answer the questions. 1 According to the study, 1 Why do you think lottery winners become bored @ there is no connection between money and by doing everyday activities? happiness 'b there is a correlation between what you earn and how happy you are 2 What conclusion can you draw from the stories: the more you earn, the happier you are of Calle Rogers and James Hayes? 2 Lottery winners tend to become unhappy when they have more than $200,000 b everyday things start to bore them 5 Find words or expressions in the text that spending a lot of money on extravagant — items becomes mundane 1 doesn't go up or down (paragraph |) 2 Decide whether the sentences are true (1) or false (F), Find evidence in the text to justify your answer, (paragraph 1 1 It is believed that there is a limit to the 3 very quickly (paragraph ID correlation between income and happiness. 2 to spend a lot of money on having fun 4. in prison (paragraph IV) 2. “Experience stretching” refers to a change 5 happiness (paragraph V) of emotions. © Write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option. 3 Rewrite the sentence without changing the 1A Description: Describe what makes you happy. original meaning. and what makes you sad. 1 Callie is no fonger wealthy, but she’s far happier, 2 An Opinion Essay: Some people believe that all Despke the problems in the world are caused by money. Do you agree with this statement? Why? / Why not? 2 After being arrested in 2017, he's now serving time behind bars, He's been behind bars since he 83Read the text and answer the questions that follow. WHEN GOOD ART GOES BAD | When Cecilia Giménez decided to restore a piece of ‘art in her local church in 2022, little did she know Fest Herand the painting would become world famous, Noticing it had seen beter days, she used tra eatbrustes (0 fepalr the almost-century-old image, which depicted Jesus Chvst ‘with his crowa of Teo me The only problem was Cecilia's skills didn't match her good Intentions. «The image was called Ecce Homo, which translates as Behold the Man, and Cecilia wanted to brighten its Tae aa tal replace some of the paint that had fallen away, However, when she hhad finished work tan the painting, which hangs in the Sanctuary of the artwork looked more like a smiling monkey. Misericordia in the town of Borja, Spain, the subject of wn Cecilia's restoration was featured in local and national newspapers, and soon appeared in the world’s media, People ridiculed it, and the painting became k her poor restoration attempt, it had quite an impact ‘a masterpiece. and an exhibition of artwork inspires nown as Ecce Mano, or Beliold the Monkey. Despite twas discussed by serious art critics, who called it boy the restoration was held in Barcelona. wy But some “experts” have barely done a better job at art restoration than the amateur Cece one an sive i The Plgrims of Emmaus, a Renalssance painting featuring a mother ‘and her child, which fangs in the Louvre Museum. Museum officials did not imagine that the ‘mother would end up looking vanraifferent once the restorers had finished, What had once been a prominent Tale itt shortened, and he restorers accidentally enlarged one of the mother's nostrils, resulting in an unusual-looking nose. + espite the humour that Ceciia's work generated, t had unintended! outcomes the town of Borja, oes Pie Mumbers rocketed, with vistors flocking to see the restoration. A lot of money Hes also donated ros arrvary of Misericordia, which priests used to invest in local schemes to create ops for the town's to oved. Suddenly, it seemed as if Cecilia's talentless intervention was, i fact, divine intervention. ‘1 Choose the correct answer. 1 According to the text, we know that Cecilia Giménez a worked as an art restorer bb had never restored a painting ¢ wasn't a professional art restorer 2 How did art critics react when they saw the restored Ecce Homo? a They found it hilarious. b They were positive about It ¢ They ridiculed It. 2 Decide whether the sentences are T (true) oF F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answer. 1 Cecilla Giménez thought that Ecce Homo was in bad condition. 2 Art restorers in Paris were told to change the nose of the mother in a painting. 3 There were unpredictable results in Borja after Eece Homowas restored, 3 Answer the question. 1 Why does the writer put the word “expert” in inverted commas in paragraph IV? 2 Why does the writer describe the restoration of Fece Homoas “divine intervention"? 84 4 Complete the sentences. 1 Museum officials were surprised 2 Without the popularity of Cecilia's restoration, 5 Find words in the text that mean: 1 showed (paragraph 1) 2 to give something more colour (paragraph Ii) 3 a part of the nose (paragraph IV) 4 increased quickly (paragraph V) 6 write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option. 1A Description: Describe a work of art that you like. What does it look like? Why do you like It? ‘Where can you see it? 2 An Opinion Essay: Should we restore works of art, especially if we risk ruining them? Write an essay giving your opinions on the subject. [ Forza ip es Suen Wook Hae 165-166 |Read the text and answer the questions that follow, ARETURN TO PARADISE Around 25 years ago, farmland in the Minas Gerais region of Brazil was infertile. Except for dry grass and some sa¢:-looking trees, there was nothing here but rocks and a few farm bulidings, which belonged to the family of Sebastiao Salgado. The Brazilian photographer, who hadn't seen the family farm since leaving 50 years earlier, couldn't believe his eyes when he returned for a visit. He remembered the place full of wildlife, not a semi-desert, What had once been a green, fertile rainforest was nothing but dying yellow vegetation. While Sebastiao had been away, his father had cut down the trees to make land available for his cattle, In addition, mining had depleted the land of its natural resources and water springs had ceased to flow, Sebastido’s wife, Lelia, thought that they could counteract the deforestation of the farm with, reforestation by planting millions of trees to restore the land ta what it onee had been, That was in 1998, and today the seven-million-square-metre farm |s once again a rainforest, twasn't an easy task. First, Sebastido and Lélla had to make sure the earth was fertile enough to support Ife. They started off by planting legumes to restore essential chemicals such a3 nitrogen to the earth, ‘Then, they planted indigenous trees, but the trees were planted incorrectly and didn’t survive. Sebastiao ang Lélia eventually learned the correct method of planting, and the next set of trees survived, Over time, they planted more trees, and the land turned areen, the flora prospered and the water springs were reborn, W's not just in Brazil where people are restoring ecosystems. In India, Pamela and Anil Malhotra own the country’s only private wildlife sanctuary. They bought abandoned farmland and reforested it with indigenous trees before gradually adding to it to create Sai Sanctuary, In coastal villages in Kenya, fishermen regularly plant seeds to repopulate the mangrove forests. The mangrove tree, which grows in saltwater, was almost wiped out by intensive agriculture, Like all trees, mangroves store greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in their leaves and branches, which reduce global warming. The fight against climate change continues, thanks to the many people reforesting around the world. 1 Choose the correct answer, 1 Which of the following was NOT a reason for the deterioration at Sebastiao Salgado’s farm? a The land had been used for animals. b There weren't any natural sources of water, © had become almost like a desert. 2 How did Pamela and Anil Malhotra begin their reforestation scheme? a by planting indigenous species of trees b byacquiring land that wasn’t being used © by creating a wildlife sanctuary 2 Decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Find evidence in the text to justify your answer. 1 There were lots of animals and trees at the Salgado farm when Sebastido was younger 2 Before doing anything, Sebastiao and his wife planted trees from the region, 3 Human activity wasn't to blame for the destruction of the mangrove forests, 3 Answer the questions. 1 Why does the author describe the trees as 'sad-looking"? 2 Why Is reforestation important in the fiaht against climate change? 4 Rewrite the sentence without changing the original meaning. 1 To create land for cattle, wees were cut dovin %y 2 Since they planted the trees incorrectly, they did ‘not survive As a result of 3 It's not just in Brazil where people are restoring ecosystems, Ecosystems 5 Find words or expressions in the text that 1 {0 reduce or change the effect of something (paragraph 1) 2 be certain (paragraph i) 3 completely destroyed (paragraph ti) 4 keep (paragraph It) © Write a composition of about 100-150 words in your notebook. Choose ONE option, 1A Description: Describe an environmental Project in your town, city or country. What is the problem and what are people doing about it? 2 An Opinion Essay: Should forests be saved Instead of using the land for housing and agriculture? 85ee ien) Read the text and answer the questions that follow. MY GREATEST FEAR | Are you afraid of anything? Wel, spiders petrfy me, When | see one crawling up the wall or on the floor, amy Heart rate increases, and | start to panic and scream for someone to remove it. can’t be in a room if Tanow a spider is there. | suspect I might be an arachnophobe. Arachnophobia is the unreasonable fear of spiders and other arachnids like scorpions. In fact, | read that arachnophobia is the most commen fearin the world, Sclentsts think this ts because arachnids were predators of very early humans, How Strange to think this fear has evolved with us, {Alot of common phobias, like the fear of snakes or death, have been around long before scientists started researching them, The Ancient Greeks were fascinated by fear and tried to understand why one berson feared something whereas another person didn't. Studying fear was also common with the Romans, and they gave the names {0 many phoblas that we continue to use, like acrophobia, the fear of heights, and astraphobia, the fear of thunder and lightning. What really intrigues me, though, is the rise In modern-day phobias, fears our grandparents and perhaps parents wouldn't have experienced. Ironically, | was reading on the internet about people who are afrald br the Internet! Unsurprisingly, this feac ts so new that it doesn’t yet have a proper name. Another modern and bizarre phobia Is selfiephobia, People who suffer from this have a fear of taking their own photo, However, they're perfectly content to have someone else take ic of them, v The strangest phobia I've come across is trypophobia, or, in other words, a fear of lots of tiny holes. Sufferers are hortified, sometimes even physically sick, when they see lots of holes clustered together. Their fear can be set off from the seeds of a flower or the tiny seeds on the outside of a strawberry. But what causes greater anguish to trypophobes is when the seeds are on their skin. It hasn't been proven way this Is, though one theory is that people who suffer from trypophobia are afraid of having parasites (on their body, ¥y Having a phobia can at best be a slight inconvenience, t0, at worst, becoming a debilitating condition. Fortunately, there are many techniques that help individuals cope with their unexplained fears ‘L Choose the correct answer. 4 Complete the sentences. 1 Choose the bes tite for the article 1 twas also common for 2. Spiders, Spiders Everywhere : by New and Old Phobias 2. The seeds of a flower ora strawberry can ¢ How to Deal with Phobias 2 The last paragraph expresses the waiter’s RSS 5 Find words or expressions in the text that 2 optimism cua : i. 1 developed gradually (paragraph 2 Decide whether the sentences are T (true) or 2 very strange (paragraph ti) F (false). Find evidence in the text 0 justify your answer. 3 find something by chance (paragraph IV) 1 People ave interested in phobias because they are a fairly recent phenomenon, 4 grouped (paragraph IM) G write a composition of about 100-150 words in 2 Selfiephobiacs don’t ike to be in photos. your notebook. Choose ONE option, 1 A Description: Describe your greatest fear. 3 it has not been proven that trypophobes are ‘What (s it? Why are you afraid of this? What do afraid of parasites. you do to deal with this? 2 ANarrative: Write a story about a real er imaginary frightening experience, 3 Answer the questions. 1 What isthe connection between the Romans and ( Forsoam Ts. se student's Book rages 165-166] phobias? 2 What does the writer find ironic? 86