CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PHONETICS

I. SOUNDS
1. How To Pronounce “-ED”:
/ id / /t/ /d/
t, d ch, p, k, sh, s, f, x ………

( t , p, k,  , s, f )
wanted, decided stopped, kicked, laughed, loved, delivered
missed, watched, washed, fixed

2. How To Pronounce “-S”, “-ES”:

/ iz / /s/ /z/
ce, ge, ch, x, sh, s, z p, t, k, f, gh, th ………
( p, t, k, f, O )
( ks, s, z, dz, t ,  )
boxes , misses , quizzes , lamps , laughs , books , teachers , studies ,
practices changes , watches , sits , months explains schools
washes

II.STRESS
STRESS SYLLABLES EXAMPLES
1. Trọng âm rơi vào các hậu - ee- eer- ese - degree, referee  - engineer, pioneer
tố - ain- aire- ique - Vietnamese, Japanese   - contain,remain

- millionaire, questionaire   - technique,

unique
2. Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết - tion- sion- ic - protection, condition   - decision,
trước các hậu tố - ical- ian - ity- impression

itive – logy - economic, scientific - political, electrical

/graphy - musician, politician - necessity, ability  

- sensitive, competitive - psychology,

geography
3. Thường thì gốc từ mang - Tiền tố: un, im, - danger / dangerous / endanger
trọng âm khi thêm một số in, ir, dis, non, en,
tiền tố và hậu tố, trọng âm re, over, under
- happy / happiness
ko đổi - Hậu tố : ful,
less, able, al, ous,
ly, er, ize, en,
ment, ness, ship,
 hood

Exercise1: Choose the word whose inderlined part is pronounced differently from the rest
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks
11. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
12. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped
14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched
15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
21. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead
22. A. tease B. beat C. break D. weak
23. A. weather B. appear C. measure D. pleasure
24. A. wear B. clear C. real D. gear
25. A. breath B. threaten C. healthy D. great
26. A. reach B. tea C. season D. ocean
27. A. swallow B. knowledge C. slowly D. following
28. A. peace B. great C. team D. deal
29. A. slow B. power C. town D. how
30. A. leader B. instead C. deafness D. headache
31. A. blow B. throw C. allow D. grow
32. A. down B. crown C. crowd D. bellow
33. A. growth B. show C. crown D. know
34. A. follow B. allow C. borrow D. blow
35. A. blood B. mood C. moon D. soon
36. A. good B. roof C. foot D. flood
37. A. window B. flow C. how D. show
38. A. find B. thing C. nine D. wine
39. A. future B. resume C. pressure D. enthusiasm
40. A. machine B. chemistry C. architect D. Christmas
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose main stress is pronounced differently from the rest
1. A. pollute B. contractual C. reject D. marvellous
2. A. mechanic B. military C. apologize D. miraculous
3. A. compulsory B. intensity C. kidding D. invaluable
4. A. nursery B. focus C. delicate D. secure
5. A. curriculum B. kindergarten C. contaminate D. conventional
6. A. apology B. industrial C. industry D. disaster
7. A. interview B. certificate C. applicant D. primary
 8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology
9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful
13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. continue
15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access
16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect
17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics
18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information
19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry
20. A. Attention B. interesting C. Influence D. television

CHUYÊN ĐỀ : ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (MODAL VERBS)

Phần lý thuyết:
A. Modal + V0: dùng trong tình huống ở hiện tại)
1. MAY: có lẽ sẽ, có thể sẽ => dùng để thể hiện:
- yêu cầu lịch sự. Ex: May I borrow your pen ?
- suy đoán không chắc chắn. Ex: - Where is John ? – He may be at the library
- sự cho phép. You may take my car as long as you return it before tomorrow.
2. MIGHT: giống như MAY nhưng không mạnh bằng MAY
3. MUST: phải, chắc chắn phải => dùng để thể hiện:
- sự bắt buộc. Ex: You must be here before 8 o’clock.
- sự suy luận có căn cứ. Ex: Mary keeps crying. She must have some problem
*MUSTN’T: diễn tả sự cấm đoán. Ex: You mustn’t smoke ten cigarettes a day.
4. SHOULD = OUGHT TO = HAD BETTER : nên => dung để hiện:
- sự khuyên bảo. Ex: It’s late. You’d better/should/ought to hurry up.
5. NEEDN’T: không cần phải => dùng để diễn tả:
- sự không cần thiết. Ex: I washed my car yesterday. You needn’t wash it again.
B. Modal + have + V3ed: dùng trong tình huống quá khứ
1. MAY/ MIGHT/COULD + HAVE + V3ED: có lẽ đã
2. MUST + HAVE + V3ED: chắc chắn đã
3. SHOULD + HAVE + V3ED: nên làm nhưng đã không làm
4. NEEDN’T + HAVE + V3ED : không cần làm nhưng đã làm
Phần bài tập:
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “must not” và “need not”.
1. You ___________ ring the bell; I have a key.
2. We ___________ drive fast; we have a plenty of time.
3. We ___________ drive fast; there is a speed limit here.
4. Candidates ___________ bring books into the examination room.
5. You ___________ write to him for he will be here tomorrow.
6. We ___________ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby.
7. You ___________ do all the exercises. Ten sentences will be enough.
8. I want this letter typed but you ___________ do it today. Tomorrow will do.
9. You ___________ take anything out of the shop without paying for it.
10. You ___________ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it.
Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng
1. I’m not sure. I ___________ come a few minutes late.
A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t
2. Bring your umbrella. It ___________ rain later today.
 A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. “What are you doing this weekend?”
“I haven’t decided yet. I ___________ go on a picnic with my family.”
A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t
4. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.”
“You ____________ be very hungry now.”
A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must
5. It’s quite urgent. You ___________ type the reports today.
A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would
6. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___________ be exactly on time for the meeting.
A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may
7. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___________ be here.
A. must B. shall C. ought D. will
8. The gas tank is almost empty. We ______________ stop at the next service station.
A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better
9. A person ______________ eat in order to live.
A. have to B. must C. should D. may
10. A person ____________ eat a balanced diet.
A. should B. ought C. may D. must
11. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ______________ walk home.
A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t
12. You ______________ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
13. I can’t find my umbrella. I _____________ it in the restaurant last night.
A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave
14. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ______________ last night.
A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study
15. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ______________ ill.
A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ: INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)

Phần lý thuyết:
Đảo ngữ là đem trợ động từ, hoặc động từ “tobe” hoặc “modals” đặt trước chủ từ mang hàm ý nhấn
mạnh
1. No sooner.....than = hardly......when/ before = scarcely.....when/ before
3 cấu trúc này đều mang nghĩa "ngay khi........thì". Thường được dùng (thường với thì QKHT, đôi khi
dùng QKĐ) để chỉ 1 việc gì đó đã xảy ra không lâu sau việc khác.
No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it was locked
No sooner did I reach the door than I realised it was locked.
2. Not until
Not until January will I have a holiday. 
3. Only then/if/when/later/after=> Sử dụng với thì quá khứ đơn.
Only then did I know what I had got myself into.
Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before.
4. Rarely/Seldom/Never     => Thường dung với thì HTĐ, HTHT, QKHT và CAN and COULD.  
   Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.
Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion.
5. So......that => Đây là cấu trúc phổ biến, thướng dùng với tính từ vad “TO BE”
So exciting was the soap opera, that I forgot to do my English homework.
=> Nó có theerr được dùng với much.
 So much did she adore John, that she would not give him up.
6. Such....that => Dùng với danh từ và TO BE
Such was the popularity of the soap opera, that the streets were deserted whenever it was on.
7. Not only …. but also
Not only does she play piano well, but also she sings well
8. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện ( bỏ IF)
If it stops raining = Should it stop raining.
If I were rich = Were I rich
If he had known = Had he known
Phần bài tập
Rewrite these sentences using NEVER, RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.
1. I have never heard such nonsense!
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. One rarely finds good service these days.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT ONLY.
6. He is my friend as well as yours.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY…./ NOT UNTIL
11. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD, WERE OR HAD
16. If the chemical were to leak, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. If Mr. Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior.
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………
20. If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earned a large salary.
……………………………………………………………………………………
21. If anything had gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility.
……………………………………………………………………………………
22. If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favorite to win.
……………………………………………………………………………………
23. If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00.
……………………………………………………………………………………
24. If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
……………………………………………………………………………………
25. If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1 st April.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. No sooner had we started the picnic.............. the rain began pouring down!
A. than B. when C. that D. and
2. Hardly....................................attack people.
A. have snakes B. do snakes C. snakes do D. snakes have
3. ______ but he also proved himself a good athlete.
A. Not only he showed himself a good student B. He did not show himself only a good student
C. Not only did he show himself a good student D. A good student not only showed him
4. Not until the end of the 19th century ______ become a scientific discipline.
A. plant breeding has B. did plant breeding C. plant breeding had D. has plant breeding
5. Had she worked harder last summer, she ______.
A. wouldn't have been sacked B. wouldn't have sacked
C. wouldn't sack D. wouldn't be sacked
6. ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. No longer has B. No sooner had C. Not until had D. Hardly had
7. Only when you grow up ______ the truth.
A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know
8. ______, he would have learned how to read.
A. If he has been able to go school as a child B. If he could go to school as a child
C. Were he able to go to school as a child D. Had he been able to go to school as a child
9. _______,they would have had what they wanted.
A. If they arrived at the fair early B. Had they arrived at the fair early
C. Unless they arrived at the fair early enough D. Supposing they were arriving at the fair early
10. _______ that she burst into tears.
A. Such was her anger B. So angry she was C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was
11. No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
A. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
B. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back.
C. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
D. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.
12. Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age.
A. have historical changes been B. have been historical changes
C. historical changes have been D. historical have changes been
13. _____ make a good impression on her.
A. Only by doing so can I B. Only so doing can C.Only by so doing I can    D. Only by doing so I can

PHRASAL VERBS
1- apply to sb for sth: nộp đơn đến. . . xin. . . 13- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi
2- ask out: ask sb to go on a date - throw away: discard
- ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai cái gì - throw sth to sb: chuyền
3- arrive in: đến (country, city, town) 14- take after: resemble: trông giống như
- arrive at: đến (other places) - take off: cất cánh, cởi ra
4- call on: ask to speak in class 15- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ..), shut
- call back: return a telephone call off
- call off: cancel - turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . )
- call up: make a telephone call - turn round: quay lại
5- drop in:visit without calling first or an - turn up: arrive: đến, xuất hiện. vặn lớn
invitation (volume)
- drop out (of): stop attending a school - turn down: decrease the volume: vặn nhỏ
6- fill in : điền vào ( mẫu đơn) 16- catch up (with) đuổi kịp, bắt kịp
- fill out: write information in a form 17- cool off: nguội lạnh đi, giảm đi (nhiệt tình)
- fill up: fill completely with gas, water. . . 18- cross out: draw a line through
7- get along (with): have a good relationship 19- discuss sth with sb = have a discussion
with about sth
- get in: enter a car/ taxi. . . 20- explain sth to sb: giải thích
- get off: leave a bus/ train. . . 21- fall behind: bị tụt đằng sau
- get on: enter a bus/ train . . . 22- find out: discover information
- get out (of): leave a car/ taxi. . . 23- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc
- get over : recover from: bình phục nhìn
- get through (with): finish 24- grow up: become an adult: trưởng thành, lớn
- get up: thức dậy, đánh thức ai dậy lên
8- give up: get rid of: ngưng, từ bỏ 25- hang up: hang on a hanger
- give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua 26- hold up: delay, postpone: làm trở ngại
- give back: return sth to sb 27- hurry up: làm nhanh
9- go after: run after: đuổi theo 28- invite sb to/ for sth: mời
- go ahead: be carried out: thực hiện, tiến 29- keep up: giữ vững duy trì, tiếp tục
hành - keep on: continue
- go along: develop, progress: phát triển, tiến 30- laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo
triển 31- leave out: omit
- go away: đi khỏi, đi xa nhà - leave somewhere for. . .: rời
- go back: return: trở lại 32- lie down: nằm xuống (để nghỉ ngơi)
- go in: enter a room/ house: bước vào phòng/ 33- make up: invent a story:bịa ra
nhà 34- pick up: lift: nhặt, hái, đón ai
- go off: explode, be fired: nổ, bắn (súng) 35- pay back: return money to sb: trả tiền cho ai
- go on: continue : tiếp tục 36- point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ
- go out: stop burning: tắt 37- run into: meet by chance: gặp tình cờ
- go over: look at sth carefully: xem xét kỹ 38- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm
- go up # go down: tăng # giảm giá 39- speak up: nói to lên
10.hand in: give homework, test .. to a teacher - speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói
- hand out:give sth to this person then that 40- stay on: lưu lại thêm một thời gian nữa
person. 41- talk to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, thảo
11.look after: take care of: chăm sóc, trông luận
nom 42- try out : test : thử nghiệm
- look for: search for: tìm kiếm 43- wait up: thức chờ ai
- look out (for): be careful: để ý cẩn thận - wait for: chờ đợi
- look sth up: tra cứu 44- wash up: wash the dishes: rửa chén
- look forward to: mong đợi, mong mỏi 45- watch out (for): be careful
12.put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc (quần áo), 46- write to sb: viết thư gởi ai
 đội
- put off: postpone, delay

Phần bài tập

1. You look tired. Sit ____ and have a cup of tea.
2. I’m looking for yesterday’s newspaper. Did you throw it _______?
3. Turn ______ the music! It’s too loud!
4. I live in Bristol now, but I grew ______ in Leicester.
5. Come ______! Hurry _____ ! You’ll be late for school.
6. O.K. I’ll pick you _______ at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
7. Don’t worry about the baby. I’ll look ______ her while you are out.
8. John! Wake _____! Can you hear a noise downstairs?
9. I have to stop to fill in my car. The tank runs _____ _____ petrol.
10. I always go _____ all my lessons before the test.
11. There was a power failure and all the lights went _____.
12. We all woke _____ in the middle of the night when the alarm clock suddenly went _____.
13. – Why is Mr Smith so depressed? – His business has gone ______ recently.
14. – How is your brother study going _____? – Fine. He’s made steady progress.
15. Time goes _____ quickly when we are busy, doesn’t it?
16. What a pretty dress! Turn _____ ! Let me look at it from the back.
17. “Can you look ______ this word? I don’t understand it.”
18. “What should I do with this form?” “Fill it _____.”
19. The football match had to be call _____ because of the weather.
20. The story Kate told wasn’t true. She made it ____.
21. I heard a big noise and woke _____ at 2.30 this morning.
22. It’s too dark. I can’t go ____ reading.
23. Hurry ____! The train’s coming.
24. Did you have to fill ____ a form when you applied for the job?
25. Who looks _____ your grandmother when she is ill?
26. I can’t hear the news on TV, please turn the radio _____.
27. I’m bored, could you go _____ with me for a while?
28. Mary put ______ her best clothes for the party.
29. Remember to put ____ your shoes when you come in the house.
30. Would you like to listen _____ some music while waiting?
31. I’m afraid the machine has broken _____.
32. For the sake of your health, you ought to give _____ alcohol.
33. You can hardly live ____ $10 a week.
34. We need to make a decision today at the latest. We can’t hold it ____ any longer.
35. George finally turned _____ nearly an hour late.
36. A bomb went _____ near the station, but no one was injured.
37. There is no need to get angry. Calm _____!
38. My alarm clock went ____ in the middle of the night and woke me _____.
39. Every morning after I get ____, I put ______ my clothes, then I turn __ my cassette to listen
_____music.
40. Oh, what a terrible mess! Please wash it _ after you finish eating.