Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

Construction Supply Chain Management

[MGT 60803]

Group Assignment March 2017

Group Member : Ng Chuan Kai 0323738

: Loh Wen Jun 0323551
: Lettitia Lois Hiew 0323908
: Tan Jia San 0322046
: Chin Ke Ni 0324021

Lecturer : Ms. Tay Shir Men

Submission Date : 13th July 2017 ( Week 14)
Content
No. Content Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BIM 1-2

2.0 3D MODEL : VISUALIZATION MODEL 3-5

3.0 4D MODEL: TIME MODEL 6-7

4.0 5D MODEL : COST MODEL 8-10

5.0 6D MODEL : ENERGY MODEL 11-15

6.0 7D MODEL : FACILITY MANAGEMNT 16-18

7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 19

8.0 REFERENCES 20
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BIM
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the hottest topics in
construction, and more and more projects are “doing BIM”. BIM is an intelligent 3D
model-based process that equips architecture, engineering, and construction
professionals with the tools to a more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage
buildings and infrastructure.. They support design through its phases, allowing better
analysis,and control than manual processes.

BIM offers enormous gains in saving in cost and time, much greater accuracy in
estimation, and the avoidance of error, alterations and rework due to information loss.
But adopting BIM involves much more than simply changing the software we use. It
also brings the opportunity to try out solutions in advance before building the
structure on site : with a constructable model , the structure can be prototyped
virtually. It helps the project company and developers understand and review the
design detail with high accuracy .

The main benefits of using BIM is BIM data can be used to illustrate the entire
building life-cycle, from cradle to cradle, from inception and design to demolition and
materials reuse. Spaces, systems, products and sequences can be shown in relative
scale to each other and , in turn, relative to the entire project.
A BIM object is a combination of many things :
1. Information content that defines a product
2. Product properties, such as thermal performance
3. Geometry representing the product’s physical characteristics
4. Visualisation data giving the object a recognisable appearance
5. Functional data, such as detection zones, that enables the object to be
positioned and behave in the same manner as the product itself.

The dimensions of BIM ranging from 3D to 7D and each dimensions

providing different services addition to the project, which are visualisation model
(3D), time model (4D), cost model (5D), energy model (6D) and facilities
management (7D). Each dimensions of BIM will house each chapter, where the
services and software available for the BIM dimensions as well as the advantages and
costs of BIM to construction supply chain management are discussed in detail.
2.0 3D MODEL : VISUALIZATION MODEL

2.1 Services Provided by BIM 3D

3D BIM is an integrated data model from which various stakeholders such as
Architects, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, MEP System Engineers, Builders,
Manufacturers and Project Owners can extract and generate views and information
according to their needs. It is very helpful as it enables participants to not only view
the building in 3D, but also automatically update these views along the project life
cycle. BIM 3D helps to manage the multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively
in modelling and analysing complex spatial and structural problems.

3D BIM also provide simple simulation and automatically update these views
along with the project life cycle, from the beginning until the final stage of the
construction. This animations can be used as a good marketing tool for the buyer to
have better understanding on the construction progresses.

3D BIM involves laser scanning and Ground Penetration Radar (GPR)

conversions. BIM 3D driven prefabrication ensure the prefabricated components will
fit once on-site. Thus, moving construction work to a warehouse environment
greatly reduces the cost of redo and reconstruction. Furthermore, it has a clash
detection to spot “clashes” at an early stage in the construction project.

2.2 LIST OF SOFTWARE FOR 3D MODELLING

2.2. 1 Architecture
1. Graphisoft ArchiCAD
2. Gehry Technologies – Digital Project Designer
3. Bentley Architecture
4. CADSoft Envisioneer
5. Autodesk Revit
6. Softtech Spirit
7. RhinoBIM (BETA)
8. Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect
9. Nemetschek Allplan Architecture
 10. 4MSA IDEA Architectural Design (IntelliCAD)

2.2.2 Sustainability
1. Graphisoft EcoDesigner
2. Bentley Tas Simulator
3. Bentley Hevacomp
4. DesignBuilder
5. Autodesk Ecotect Analysis
6. Autodesk Green building Studio
7. IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro

2.2.3 Structures
1. Autodesk Revit Structure
2. Bentley Structural Modeler
3. Bentley RAM, STAAD and Prosteel
4. CypeCAD
5. Tekla Structures
6. Graytec Advance Design
7. Nemetschek Scia
8. 4MSA Strad and Steel
9. Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis
10. StructureSoft Metal Wood Framer

2.2.4 Mep
1. Autodesk Revit MEP
2. Bentley Hevacomp Mechanical Designer
3. 4MSA FineHVAC + FienLIFT + FineELEC + FineSANI
4. Gehry Technologies – Digital Project MEP Systems Routing
5. CADMEP ( CADduct / CADmech)
2.3 ADVANTAGES TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN
3D BIM involves rendering, walk through and laser scanning which produces
detailed design, assemblies, structural design , MEP design and specifications of a
building. This enable us to visualize the resource flow status, provide the accurate
information that can reduce errors. It helps participants to manage their
multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively in modelling and analysing complex
spatial and structural problems. By collecting accurate data along the project life cycle,
and stored in the software, new value can be added to predictive models allowing to
resolve issues proactively. Furthermore, it can provide a detailed take off in an early
phase of the procurement process of the construction supply chain management
accurately. It reduces errors that will also reduce the project completion times and
construction cost.

2.4 DISADVATAGES AND COST

3D Modelling is implemented at the initial phase of the construction project,

which covers procurement and design phase. The implementation of 3D BIM can use
increased in time spent in the project life cycle . Furthermore, it also requires high
cost spent. BIM software required a substantial investment in new technology
therefore cost of software is very high. BIM requires more effort as it requires more
skilled labours such as designer and contractors to work together to create the
collaborative model. The lack of experts is also one of the disadvantages of 3D BIM ,
where the BIM software is relatively new, therefore there are limited numbers of
experts working in the field. The software purchased may require an additional
investment in training and education. Furthermore, the use of BIM requires significant
training and as with any software programme there are costs associated with the
software such as purchasing, licensing and training.
3.0 4D MODEL: TIME MODEL
3.1 Services Provide by BIM 4D

4D-BIM is used for construction site planning related activities, such as project
phrasing and scheduling. It allows participants to extract and visualize the progress of
their activities through the lifetime of the project.

The utilization of 4D-BIM technology can result in improved control over

conflict detection or over the complexity of changes occurring during the course of a
construction project. 4D-BIM provides methods for managing and visualizing site
status information, change impacts as well as supporting communication in various
situations such as informing site staff or warning about risks.

Construction sequences can be reviewed as a series of problems using 4D-BIM,

enabling users to explore options, manage solutions and optimize results. It enables
construction product development, collaborative and transparent project
implementation, partnering with the supply chain and production of components.

With the help of schedule visualization, participants will be able to make sound
decisions and changes to the project based on multiple sources of accurate real-time
information. 4D-BIM show the critical path and the dependency of project sequences
in chart form. When happen that there is some changes in the project design,
advanced BIM model will automatically identify all the chances that will affect the
critical path and will indicate what the corresponding impact will be on the overall
delivery of the project.

3.2 List of Software for 4D Modelling

1. Autodesk Navisworks
2. Vico Office Suite
3. Synchro Professional
4. iTWO
5. Bentley Navigator
3.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

BIM visualization capability allows the generation of reports and alerts

graphically. Therefore, the time required to provide a list of all the materials is largely
diminished and, instead of using statistics reports, the 3D visualization of the
materials status is displayed at any specified time by comparing the incoming quantity
and the planned quantity to date. A lot of BIM tools provide scheduling functionality
and simple functions to link construction schedule to the 3D model, allowing
visualization of the sequential construction of the building. When material status
cannot be easily seen on a construction site due to physical obstacles, computer-aided
visualization is needed to facilitate reporting of process status. The visual report
produced by BIM can early demonstrate the availability of materials and their final
locations, which ultimately facilitate monitoring and properly provide process
transparency.

3.4 Disadvantages and Costs

BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when ordering
items that require a long lead time. For example, a contractor may need to order
material based on the dimensions of the design. Ordering material may need to take
weeks or months. If the dimensions change, it may occur when multiple contractors
are inputting information into a model on a continual basis, the contractor may be left
with insufficient time to order the material. Another challenges of implementing BIM
is to manage resource and information, after the complete implementation of BIM and
network based integration. The company that is implementing BIM has to make sure
that the suppliers and subcontractors will lead to management of more information.
Furthermore, mapping and management of resources is still done in a traditional way.
New legal and construal processes are to be in place for the successful
implementation of BIM. The firm has to select an experienced and skilled partner that
can support with proficiency, experience, knowledge and resources.
4.0 5D MODEL : COST MODEL

SERVICES PROVIDED BY BIM 5D

5D BIM is an integration of design with estimating, scheduling, and costing,

including generation of Bills of Quantities, and derivation of productivity rates and
labour costs. It is the process of producing accurate cost estimates from the
components of the information model.

Furthermore, 5D BIM is used for budget tracking and cost analysis related
activities. It is associated with both 3D and 4D, which allows the users to visualize the
construction activities and its related costs over time. The dominant models in 5D
BIM are Quantity Extraction, Prefabrication Solution, Real Time Conceptual Model,
Trade Verification, Cost Planning and Value Engineering.

Besides that, it provides methods for extracting and analyzing costs, evaluating
scenarios and changes impacts. Costs data can be added to each object item enabling
the 5D BIM model to generate a rough estimation and material cost calculation, which
eases the user in conducting the value engineering. The utilization of 5D BIM
technology can result in a greater accuracy and predictability of project’s estimates,
scope changes and materials, equipment or manpower changes. With the use of 5D
BIM, users will be able to generate an array of essential estimating information faster
and more accurately, such as materials quantities, costs, sizes, area estimates and
productivity projections. If there are changes in the project, the estimating information
will automatically adjust, thus allowing a better construction productivity.

LIST OF SOFTWARES FOR 5D MODELLING

1. Autodesk Navisworks
2. Bentley ConstrucSim
3. Glue (by Horizontal System)
4. Innovaya
5. Solibri Model Checker
6. Synchro Professional
7. Tekla BIMSight
8. Vela Field BIM
9. Vico Cost Explorer
HOW 5D BIM IMPROVES CSCM

5D BIM is able to develop a more efficient, cost effective, and sustainable

construction. It makes it possible to define discrete quantifiable elements to show
detailed material and component properties. BIM is a multifaceted integrator of
processes for the monitoring and control of materials in the construction supply chain.
BIM supports the material flows in construction by reinforcing the existing and
establishing new communication protocols and feedback mechanisms between the
design and construction teams. For example, BIM ensures accurate feedback channels
in remote construction projects or monitors the supply chains by integrating tracking
technologies to enhance the visibility during the material delivery. Likewise, BIM is
also used for calculating the cash flows and strengthening the feasibility and control
of projects cost analysis.

DISADVANTAGES OF 5D BIM

The lack of inter-operability is a barrier to use 5D BIM as there is no smooth

exchange of information across all BIM disciplines involved. The fragmented
construction industry causes the vendors to often run the software in proprietary type
of formats that restricts the exchange of critical building data between multiple
organizations.

When it comes to cost information, the incompatibility between the BIM model
and estimating platforms is seen as a major barrier to 5D BIM implementation.
Although IFC standards is generated to create neutral file format, but if without
complete inter-operability, items such as estimates and schedules of quantities will be
missed. Furthermore, lack of integration in the model will result in difficulties in
model costs for the project. This is due to parties in the industry works separately and
thus the information required for BIM is also separated and the integration of
information takes time to be integrated properly.
5.0 6D MODEL : ENERGY MODEL

6D BIM facilitates the implementation of energy analysis for buildings. Use 6D

allows for more accurate and comprehensive energy analysis of the building already
at an early stage of the design process. It also allows you to measure and verify the
data on the stage of use of the building in such areas as real energy demand for the
building.

Advantages to CSCM
-Based on the simulation model created on the basis of collected data we raise the
relevance and quality of the projects, which translates into reduced power
consumption. The utilization of 6D-BIM technology can result in more complete and
accurate energy estimates earlier in the design process. It also allows for measurement
and verification during building occupation, and improved processes for gathering
lessons learned in high performance facilities.

"6D BIM is the linking of attribute data to support Facilities Management and
built asset operation"

These data could include details about the

components manufacturer, when it was
installed, the necessary maintenance that it
requires and when, how to operate it at its
optimum level to enhance performance or
conserve energy, and its expected lifespan.

“Once linked into the information model, 6D data can support decision making during
the design process and the operation of the built asset once it’s in use.

At delivery phase, it enables design teams to consider their impact of their proposals
over a built asset’s lifecycle, simulating outcomes and anticipated costs. But the value
advantage lies in the use of that data to support the operational phase. At handover,
project teams can pass their complete data set over to the end-user. The digital model
offers them a more controlled, accessible and easily navigable way of managing their
information.

With this data on maintenance, lifespans and energy performance to hand, operators
can determine the costs of those activities and create spend profiles over a built asset’s
life, pre-planning maintenance activities years in advance. It helps them adopt a
completely planned and pro-active approach to facility management and operation as
opposed to a reactive one when unexpected events and costs can crop up at any
moment.

HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Sustainability
6D-BIM (sixth-dimensional building information modelling) helps perform energy
consumption analyses.

Benefits
Integrating BIM with 6D CAD simulation models leads to an overall reduction in
energy consumption to the construction industry.
Software for 6-D Modelling
Autodesk Revit

Revit is software for BIM. Its powerful tools let you use
the intelligent model-based process to plan, design, construct, and manage buildings
and infrastructure. Revit supports a multidiscipline design process for collaborative
design.

Design
Model building components, analyse and simulate
systems and structures, and iterate designs. Generate
documentation from Revit models.

Collaborate
Multiple project contributors can access centrally
shared models. This results in better coordination,
which helps reduce clashes and rework.

Visualize
Communicate design intent more effectively to project
owners and team members by using models to create
high-impact 3D visuals

BIM 360 Glue

BIM 360 Glue is a cloud-based BIM coordination service that

provides virtually anytime, anywhere access to connected project information. Use
BIM 360 Glue for construction visualization to help you perform multidisciplinary
collaboration and coordination review cycles faster, while making construction layout
tasks more efficient

BIMXCHANGE

The BIMXchange is a Cloud based content

management system. This tool was created with Architects, Engineers, and
Contractors in mind. Revit is an incredibly complex and demanding design
application. Due to this complexity users must precisely input accurate data.
Real-world timelines typically do not allocate time for careful data entry.

BIMXchange utilizes the ENGworks Cloud to store, search, and deliver Revit
content. The ENGworks Revit Libraries have been optimized for searching and
insertion in to your project.

BIMXchange runs within the Revit application. Since the browser is web-based, all
content easily downloads and instantly appears in any Revit project. As the
application evolves through content additions, updates, and browser enhancements,
users will receive email alerts immediately. All information is stored in the
ENGworks Cloud, so no effort is needed from the engineer to organize or manage
data

YouBIM- BIM to Facilities Management

YouBIM utilizes a 3D immersive environment for

navigating your property. Facility maintenance needs can be identified and assigned
faster than ever before, while providing the facility technician with complete
information about the service environment. As a function of maintaining a
facility, YouBIM harvests the metadata from the source BIM model and allows the
attachment of OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager) documents to smart objects in the
BIM dataset. This provides instant access to critical information regarding specific
building components.

Disadvantages and Costs

Incompatibility with partners
BIM is not yet fully utilized among construction industry. There is always the
possibility that one of your partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not
be able to use your models.

Cost of software
BIM software requires a substantial investment in new technology. The advantages
usually make the investment worthwhile, but only if the software is used to its full
capacity.

Lack of experts
The relative newness of BIM means that there are limited numbers of experts working
in the field. Your software purchase may require an additional investment in training
and education.
6.0 7D MODEL : FACILITY MANAGEMNT

6.1 Services Provided by BIM 7D

7D BIM is also known as seventh-dimensional building information
modelling.7D also is the "as-built" BIM model which is important as part of the
handover process to the building owner. This model is a fundamental part of the ROI
for BIM as it provide accurate Facilities Management (FM) and Asset Management
(AM). It is used by managers in the process management or operation and
maintenance of the facility throughout its operation or its life cycle.

The seventh dimension of BIM allows participants to extract,store and track

relevant asset data such as component status,technical specifications, maintenance
schedule or operation manuals, warranty data and so on.Each part within the building
will have a lifespan and in the event of replacement, the easy identification of parts
ensures that these processes may be performed efficiently.Such an approach to the
facility management process not only improves the whole process, but also improves
the quality of services in this area.

6.2 LIST OF SOFTWARE FOR 7D MODELLING

6.2.1 Facility Management
1.Bentley Facilities
2.FM:Systems FM:Interact
3.Vintocon ArchiFM (For ArchiCAD)
4.Onuma System
5.EcoDomus
6.3 ADVATAGES TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
7D BIM could reduced cost and time needed to collect and build CMMS, CAFM
and BAS systems.It also improved data quality in FM systems so that paper files not
required . Furthermore,reduced cost and time needed to address equipment problems .
It has a better building and equipment performance such as reliability and energy use.
It use of integrated system to plan building modifications.Below shows some
application of 7D BIM advantages.

6.3.1 Preventative Maintenance Scheduling

7D BIM can be used to plan and track maintenance activities proactively and
appropriately by using the information about the building structure and equipment
used in the facility. This type of preventative maintenance activities will help improve
building performance, reduce corrective maintenance and emergency maintenance
repairs and increase productivity of maintenance staff.

6.3.2 Sustainability Analysis

7D BIM integrated with other analysis & evaluation tools are used to track building
performance data, which can be compared with specified sustainable standards to
identify the flaws in the building systems. Facility’s sustainability program can be
improved to better match the sustainability goals.

6.3.3 Asset Management

Assets of a building consist of the physical building, its systems, equipment and
surrounding environment. Asset management is essential in short-term and long-term
planning for proper upkeep of building assets. The bi-directional Building
Information Modelling (BIM) integration into asset management software can help in
better visualization of assets and aid in the maintenance and operation of a facility.

6.3.4 Space Utilization Management

Facility professionals and department liaisons can utilize BIM to effectively manage,
track and distribute appropriate spaces and related resources within a facility. BIM
space management application turns out to be beneficial in planning renovation
projects and future needs, allocating space for proper usage of each corner of the
building and tracking the impact of proposed changes.
6.3.5 Disaster & Emergency Planning
7D BIM can provide critical building information to improve the efficiency of disaster
response plans and minimize any risk. BIM can be integrated with building
automation system (BAS) to display where the emergency is located within a building,
to find possible routes to the affected area and to locate other dangerous areas within
the building during such emergencies.

6.4 DISADVANTAGES AND COST

7D BIM required an expert that has management skills.It need skills that manage
the process or operation and maintenance of the facility throughout its operation or its
life cycle.Furthermore,the initial cost is high for getting the software and license .
Front-end costs during design is needed which the construction and turnover to enter
data into BIM model that will be needed by FM systems.On-going cost is needed to
update BIM and FM systems too to reflect changes to building and systems. In
addition, there might be some equipment or software breakdowns that will delay the
process of management and have additional cost for repairing and cost of
delay.Moreover,it also need trained employees to operate the software which now
there are limited experts has these knowledge.
7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Technology has always played a key role in the architecture, engineering and
construction industries, especially in terms of product and building design and with
government initiatives now in full swing, this has been a huge catalyst for the use of
technology and 3D simulation software in the sector.

The strategy now dictates that on government procured building projects,

collaborative 3D BIM must be used.With a constant pressure to complete projects on
time and on budget, regardless of size, managers in the industries have to work
collaboratively and build teams that perform to a high standard and work together to
design and deliver anything from microprocessors to jet turbines to the iconic
buildings of the future.

And that is where interactive technology systems come into their own for
professionals seeking to improve BIM processes in their organisation.The reduction in
errors and in design clashes have been mentioned as ways BIM will significantly
improve design processes.

However, developers are particularly interested in optimisation of building

efficiencies so that they can provide sustainable building designs. They also want to
know how the building will perform after commissioning, and then how it will
operate throughout it’s lifetime.Perhaps the most important contribution to
sustainability is using BIM to eliminate waste throughout the building’s lifecycle.
Modern, high-tech, intelligent buildings are complex models comprising many
systems and processes which interact with each other.
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