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Navtej Mishra 19116043: Experiment - 1: Study of Linear-Time-Invariant Open-Loop Systems and Their Representations

This document describes an experiment on linear time-invariant open-loop systems. The experiment involves: 1. Analyzing the poles, zeros, impulse response, step response, and output for a ramp input of a system with transfer function G(s) = (s + 1)(s + 3)/ (s + 5)(3s^2 + 4s + 7) using MATLAB. 2. Implementing the same system in Simulink and comparing the impulse response, step response, and output for a ramp input to the MATLAB results. 3. Repeating the Simulink implementation by breaking the system into cascaded subsystems and comparing the results. 4. Defining another

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58 views24 pages

Navtej Mishra 19116043: Experiment - 1: Study of Linear-Time-Invariant Open-Loop Systems and Their Representations

This document describes an experiment on linear time-invariant open-loop systems. The experiment involves: 1. Analyzing the poles, zeros, impulse response, step response, and output for a ramp input of a system with transfer function G(s) = (s + 1)(s + 3)/ (s + 5)(3s^2 + 4s + 7) using MATLAB. 2. Implementing the same system in Simulink and comparing the impulse response, step response, and output for a ramp input to the MATLAB results. 3. Repeating the Simulink implementation by breaking the system into cascaded subsystems and comparing the results. 4. Defining another

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Navtej Mishra
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NAVTEJ MISHRA

19116043
Experiment – 1:

STUDY OF LINEAR-TIME-INVARIANT OPEN-LOOP SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS


Theory : - In system analysis, among other fields of study, a linear time-invariant system (or "LTI
system") is a system that produces an output signal from any input signal subject to the constraints
of linearity and time-invariance; these terms are briefly defined below. These properties apply
(exactly or approximately) to many important physical systems, in which case the response y(t) of
the system to an arbitrary input x(t) can be found directly using convolution: y(t) = x(t) *
h(t) where h(t) is called the system's impulse response and * represents the convolution

1. Consider an open-loop system with transfer function 𝐺(𝑠) = (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3)/ (𝑠 + 5)(3𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 7)

(a) Write a MATLAB program to determine the poles and zeros of the above system transfer
function. Hence, make a pole-zero plot of the same.

num2 = conv([1 1],[1 3])


den2 = conv([1 5],[3 4 7])
sys = tf(num2,den2)
Z=zero(sys)
P=pole(sys)
pzmap(sys)

Z=

-3

-1
P=

-5.0000 + 0.0000i

-0.6667 + 1.3744i

-0.6667 - 1.3744i

POLE-ZERO MAP
(b) Obtain the impulse response and the step response of the above system.

step(sys)
impulse(sys)
(c) Determine the output of the system for a ramp input.

t=0:0.1:10
alpha=2
ramp=alpha*t
[y,t]=lsim(sys,ramp,t)
plot(t,y)
2. Implement the above system in Simulink and obtain the impulse response and step response of
the system. Also, obtain the output of the system for a ramp input.

Hence, compare your results with that obtained in Q. No. 1 above.

Impulse Response in Simulink:


Step Response in Simulink:
Ramp Response in Simulink
Hence, compare your results with that obtained in Q. No. 1 above.

As you can compare Q1 and Q2, all 3 responses. Graph is same!


3. Repeat Q. No. 2 above by implementing the above system as a cascade of four systems with
transfer functions 𝐺1 (𝑠) = 𝑠 + 1, 𝐺2 (𝑠) = 𝑠 + 3, 𝐺3 (𝑠) = 1⁄(𝑠 + 5) and 𝐺4 (𝑠) = 1 (3𝑠 ⁄ 2 + 4𝑠 + 7).
Compare your results with that obtained in Q. No. 2 above.

Impulse Response
Step Response
Ramp Response
4. Write a MATLAB program to obtain the transfer function of an LTI system that has two poles
located at −2 and +1, one zero at −1, and gain factor 7. Hence, obtain the responses of the system
for impulse, step and ramp inputs.
syst = zpk([-1],[-2,1],[7])

Impulse Response
impulse(syst)
Step Response
step(syst)

Ramp Response
t=0:0.1:10
alpha=2
ramp=alpha*t
[y,t]=lsim(syst,ramp,t)
plot(t,y)
5. Implement the system in Q. No. 4 above in Simulink and obtain the impulse response and step
response of the system. Also, obtain the output of the system for a ramp input. Hence, compare
your results with that obtained in Q. No. 4 above.

Impulse Response
Step Response
Ramp Response
Hence, compare your results with that obtained in Q. No. 4 above.

As you can see all 3 response graphs , they are same .

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