0% found this document useful (0 votes)
167 views6 pages

Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Physioex 9.0 Review Sheet Exercise

This document provides instructions for students to access an online physiology simulation called PhysioEx 9.0. It describes 9 activities for students to complete that simulate nerve impulses, action potentials, and synaptic transmission. The activities explore topics like resting membrane potential, receptor potentials, the role of sodium and potassium channels in generating action potentials, refractory periods, conduction velocity, and the importance of calcium for neurotransmitter release. Students are to record their answers to questions about each activity in the document.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
167 views6 pages

Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Physioex 9.0 Review Sheet Exercise

This document provides instructions for students to access an online physiology simulation called PhysioEx 9.0. It describes 9 activities for students to complete that simulate nerve impulses, action potentials, and synaptic transmission. The activities explore topics like resting membrane potential, receptor potentials, the role of sodium and potassium channels in generating action potentials, refractory periods, conduction velocity, and the importance of calcium for neurotransmitter release. Students are to record their answers to questions about each activity in the document.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

PHYSIOEX 9.

0
REVIEW SHEET

EXERCISE 3
Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses
NAME_________
LAB TIME/DATE ______

TO ACCESS THE ACTIVITY GO TO INTERNET EXPLORER AND THEN TO


MASTERINGAANDP.COM
LOG IN USING INSTRUCTOR INFO: JBACKEY@GMAIL.COM; JBACKEY1
STUDY AREA ON THE RIGHT (MY A&P)
GO TO PHYSIOEX 9.1 AND CLICK ON PHYSIOEX 9.1
DO EXERCISE 3; ACTIVITY 1, 3-5 IN CLASS AND THE REST AT HOME.

ACTIVITY 1 The Resting Membrane Potential


1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+
leak channels.
___
2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative
value. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
3. Explain why a change in extracellular Na+ did not alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron.
___
___
4. Discuss the relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron. ___
___
___
5. Discuss how a change in Na+ or K+ conductance would affect the resting membrane potential. ___
___

Zao_Marieb Ch03-1
ACTIVITY 2 Receptor Potential
1. Sensory neurons have a resting potential based on the efflux of potassium ions (as demonstrated in
Activity 1). What passive channels are likely found in the membrane of the olfactory receptor, in the
membrane of the Pacinian corpuscle, and in the membrane of the free nerve ending? ___
___
___
2. What is meant by the term graded potential? ___
___
___
3. Identify which of the stimulus modalities induced the largest amplitude receptor potential in the Pacinian
corpuscle. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
4. Identify which of the stimulus modalities induced the largest-amplitude receptor potential in the
olfactory receptors. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
5. The olfactory receptor also contains a membrane protein that recognizes isoamyl acetate and, via several
other molecules, transduces the odor stimulus into a receptor potential. Does the Pacinian corpuscle likely
have this isoamyl acetate receptor protein? Does the free nerve ending likely have this isoamyl acetate
receptor protein? ___
___
6. What type of sensory neuron would likely respond to a green light? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 3 The Action Potential: Threshold
1. Define the term threshold as it applies to an action potential. ___
___
___
2. What change in membrane potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization) triggers an action potential?
___
___
3. How did the action potential at R1 (or R2) change as you increased the stimulus voltage above the
threshold voltage? How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
Zao_Marieb Ch03-2
4. An action potential is an “all-or-nothing” event. Explain what is meant by this phrase. ___
___
___
5. What part of a neuron was investigated in this activity? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 4 The Action Potential: Importance of Voltage-Gated Na1 Channels
1. What does TTX do to voltage-gated Na+ channels? ___
___
___
2. What does lidocaine do to voltage-gated Na+ channels? How does the effect of lidocaine differ from the
effect of TTX?
___
___
3. A nerve is a bundle of axons, and some nerves are less sensitive to lidocaine. If a nerve, rather than an
axon, had been used in the lidocaine experiment, the responses recorded at R1 and R2 would be the sum of
all the action potentials (called a compound action potential). Would the response at R2 after lidocaine
application necessarily be zero? Why or why not? ___
___
___
4. Why are fewer action potentials recorded at R2 when TTX is applied between R1 and R2? How well did
the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
5. Why are fewer action potentials recorded at R2 when lidocaine is applied between R1 and R2? How
well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
6. Pain-sensitive neurons (called nociceptors) conduct action potentials from the skin or teeth to sites in the
brain involved in pain perception. Where should a dentist inject the lidocaine to block pain perception? ___
___
___

Zao_Marieb Ch03-3
ACTIVITY 5 The Action Potential: Measuring Its Absolute and Relative Refractory Periods
1. Define inactivation as it applies to a voltage-gated sodium channel. ___
___
___
2. Define the absolute refractory period. ___
___
___
3. How did the threshold for the second action potential change as you further decreased the interval
between the stimuli? How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
4. Why is it harder to generate a second action potential during the relative refractory period? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 6 The Action Potential: Coding for Stimulus Intensity
1. Why are multiple action potentials generated in response to a long stimulus that is above threshold? ___
___
___
2. Why does the frequency of action potentials increase when the stimulus intensity increases? How well
did the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
3. Why does threshold change during the relative refractory period? ___
___
___
4. What is the relationship between the interspike interval and the frequency of action potentials? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 7 The Action Potential: Conduction Velocity
1. How did the conduction velocity in the B fiber compare with that in the A fiber? How well did the
results compare with your prediction? ___
___

Zao_Marieb Ch03-4
___

2. How did the conduction velocity in the C fiber compare with that in the B fiber? How well did the
results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
3. What is the effect of axon diameter on conduction velocity? ___
___
___
4. What is the effect of the amount of myelination on conduction velocity? ___
___
___
5. Why did the time between the stimulation and the action potential at R1 differ for each axon? ___
___
6. Why did you need to change the timescale on the oscilloscope for each axon? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 8 Chemical Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitter Release
1. When the stimulus intensity is increased, what changes: the number of synaptic vesicles released or the
amount of neurotransmitter per vesicle? ___
___
___
2. What happened to the amount of neurotransmitter release when you switched from the control
extracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid with no Ca2+? How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
___
___
3. What happened to the amount of neurotransmitter release when you switched from the extracellular fluid
with no Ca2+ to the extracellular fluid with low Ca2+? How well did the results compare with your
prediction? ___
___
___
4. How did neurotransmitter release in the Mg2+ extracellular fluid compare to that in the control
Zao_Marieb Ch03-5
extracellular fluid? How well did the result compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
5. How does Mg2+ block the effect of extracellular calcium on neurotransmitter release? ___
___
___
ACTIVITY 9 The Action Potential: Putting It All Together
1. Why is the resting membrane potential the same value in both the sensory neuron and the interneuron?
___
___
___
2. Describe what happened when you applied a very weak stimulus to the sensory receptor. How well did
the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
3. Describe what happened when you applied a moderate stimulus to the sensory receptor. How well did
the results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___
4. Identify the type of membrane potential (graded receptor potential or action potential) that occurred at
R1, R2, R3, and R4 when you applied a moderate stimulus. (View the response to the stimulus.) ___
___
___
5. Describe what happened when you applied a strong stimulus to the sensory receptor. How well did the
results compare with your prediction? ___
___
___

Zao_Marieb Ch03-6

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy