UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Level

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper

for the guidance of teachers

9231 FURTHER MATHEMATICS

9231/01 Paper 1, maximum raw mark 100

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the
examination.

• CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.

CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
 Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

Mark Scheme Notes

Marks are of the following three types:

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are
not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not
usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or
just to quote a formula; the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in
hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application
of a formula without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some
cases an M mark can be implied from a correct answer.

A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained.
Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method mark is earned (or
implied).

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

• When a part of a question has two or more “method” steps, the M marks are generally
independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly when there are
several B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB (or dep*) is used to indicate that a
particular M or B mark is dependent on an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme.
When two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and
full credit is given.

• The symbol √ implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on
from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are given for correct work only.
A and B marks are not given for fortuitously “correct” answers or results obtained from
incorrect working.

• Note: B2 or A2 means that the candidate can earn 2 or 0.

B2/1/0 means that the candidate can earn anything from 0 to 2.

The marks indicated in the scheme may not be subdivided. If there is genuine doubt
whether a candidate has earned a mark, allow the candidate the benefit of the doubt.
Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong
working following a correct form of answer is ignored.

• Wrong or missing units in an answer should not lead to the loss of a mark unless the
scheme specifically indicates otherwise.

• For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if a value is obtained which is correct to 3 s.f.,
or which would be correct to 3 s.f. if rounded (1 d.p. in the case of an angle). As stated
above, an A or B mark is not given if a correct numerical answer arises fortuitously from
incorrect working. For Mechanics questions, allow A or B marks for correct answers which
arise from taking g equal to 9.8 or 9.81 instead of 10.

© UCLES 2010
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GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme or used on the scripts:

AEF Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable)

AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that
the detailed working leading to the result is valid)

BOD Benefit of Doubt (allowed when the validity of a solution may not be absolutely
clear)

CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no “follow through” from a previous error
is allowed)

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous' answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

MR Misread

PA Premature Approximation (resulting in basically correct work that is insufficiently

accurate)

SOS See Other Solution (the candidate makes a better attempt at the same question)

SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a
case where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the light of a
particular circumstance)

Penalties

MR –1 A penalty of MR –1 is deducted from A or B marks when the data of a question or

part question are genuinely misread and the object and difficulty of the question
remain unaltered. In this case all A and B marks then become “follow through √”
marks. MR is not applied when the candidate misreads his own figures – this is
regarded as an error in accuracy. An MR–2 penalty may be applied in particular
cases if agreed at the coordination meeting.

PA –1 This is deducted from A or B marks in the case of premature approximation. The

PA –1 penalty is usually discussed at the meeting.

© UCLES 2010
 Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

2
 dy  1 2x −2 x 2 1 2x −2 x 2
1 1 +   = 1 + ( (e − e )) = (e + e ) M1A1 expression simplified
 
d x 2 4

1
2

∫ ( ) [( )]
1
1 2x 1
Length = e + e − 2 x dx = e 2 x − e − 2 x 2
0 M1 integrate
0
2 4

( ) ( )
2
1 1 −1 1 0 0 e −1
= e −e − e −e = AG A1 cao [4]
4 4 4e

11 1 
2 nth term is  −  M1A1
2n n + 2

 1 1   1 1   1 1 
 N − N + 2  +  N − 1 − N + 1  +  N − 2 − N  + ...
1      
SN =   M1 sum of terms

2  1 1  1 1  
 −  +  −  
 2 4   1 3  
1 3 1 1 
= − − A1 after cancellation [4]
2  2 N + 2 N + 1 


Limit = ¾ B1√ [1]

4 4
 1 − 
1
2 3 1

3 Area =  x 2 − x 2 dx =  x 2 − 2 x 2  = 8 / 3
∫ B1
   3 
1  1

4
4 1  x2 
( x − 2 + )dx 2  2 − 2 x + ln x 
1 1 1 2
y= 2
∫
1 x =
 1
M1 use of 2
∫
y dx
A A A
M1 integrate
A1 correct

Final answer:
3 3 3 3 3 9
 ln 2 +  or  ln 4 +  or ln 2 + etc (ACF) A1 [5]
8 4 16  2 8 32

© UCLES 2010
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GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

4 n = 0: 71 + 53 = 132 which is divisible by 44 B1

Assume 72k + 1 + 5k + 3 is divisible by 44 B1
Consider 72(k + 1) + 1 + 5(k + 1) + 3 = 7272k + 1 + 5.5k + 3 M1 (k + 1) th term
= 49(72k + 1 + 5k + 3) – 44.5k + 3 M1 in appropriate form
which is divisible by 44 A1 convincing argument [5]

Alternative solution for final three marks:

Consider (72k + 3 + 5k + 4) – (72k + 1 + 5k + 3) M1
= 48(72k + 1 + 5k + 3) – 44.5k + 3 M1 in appropriate form
which is divisible by 44 A1 convincing argument

n +1
5 ∫
In + 2 = [–(1–x)n + 2 cosx] – (n + 2)(1 − x) cos xdx M1A1

∫
= (1 + (n + 2)) + (n + 2)[((1 − x) n +1 sin x) + (1 − x) n sin xdx] M1 integrate by parts again
In + 2 = 1 – (n + 1)(n + 2) In AG A1 [4]
I6 = 1 – 5 × 6I4; I4 = 1 – 4 × 3I2; I2 = 1 – 1 × 2I0 M1
1

∫
I 0 = sin xdx = 1 − cos1
0
B1

I6 = 1 – 30(1 – 12(1 – 2I0)) = 0.0177 M1A1 [4]

OR
I0 = 1 – cos1 B1
I2 = 2cos1 – 1 M1 (use of RF)
I4 = 13 – 24cos1 A1
I6 = 0.0177 A1 cao
Accept decimal versions

1 2 −1 α  1 2 −1 α 
0 −1 1 − 2α  →  0 −1 1 − 2α 
6 0 − 3 − 2 − 2α  0 4α − 2 
M1A1
4 0 1
0 1 − 3 − 2  0 0 0 6α − 6 
  
Dim = 4 ⇒ α ≠ 1 AG A1 [3]

a + 2b – c = 0
2a + 3b – c = 0 Show a = b = c = 0 M1 attempt to solve
2a + b + 2c = 0
b – 3c = 0

Linearly independent and dim R(T) not 4: basis A1 [2]

a + 2b – c = p
2a + 3b – c = 1 Attempt to find a, b, c in terms of q or p
2a + b + 2c = 1
b – 3c = q M1A1
6p + q = 3 A1 [3]

Alternative solution:
Use row operations as in (i) M1
 p 
 1− 2p 
Final column   A1
 4 p − 2 
 6 p + q − 3
6p + q = 3 A1

© UCLES 2010
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GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

1 1− y
7 y= ∴x = M1 use in given cubic equation
x +1 y
Gives 6y3 – 7y2 + 3y – 1 = 0 AG A1 [2]
n = 1: given expression = sum of roots = 7/6 B1
2
1  1  13
n = 2: ∑ (α + 1) 2
= 

∑  −2
(α + 1)  ∑ "αβ " = 36 B1 [2]

From cubic in y,
3
 1  13  7 
∑
6   − 7. + 3  − 3 = 0
 α +1 36  6 
M1
3
 1 
∑   = 73 / 216
 α +1
A1 [2]

 ( β + 1)(γ + 1)(α + 1 
LHS = 
 ∑ (α + 1)
3


M1
 
−1
1 73
=  × M1 recognise product of roots
6 216
= 73/36 AG A1 [3]

1
8 (i) 1 + sin θ = 3 sin θ ⇒ sin θ = M1
2
3 π   3 5π 
 ,  and  ,  A1 (both) [2]
2 6 2 6 

(ii)
B1 circle
B1 cardioid behaviour at origin
B1 cardioid closed and symmetry
[3]

(iii) Subtract integrands M1

π
2
2× 1
2 ∫ (3 − 4 cos 2θ − 2 sinθ )dθ
π
M1
6
π
= [3θ − 2 sin 2θ + 2 cos θ ]π 2 M1A1
6
=π AG A1 [5]

Alternative:
Area inside C1:
π
π 2
2
1 9 1 
2×
2π ∫
9 sin 2 θ dθ = θ − sin 2θ 
2 2 
M1
6 π
6

9  π 3 
= + A1
2  3 4 

© UCLES 2010
 Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

Area inside C2:

π
1 2 1
2×
2π ∫
1 + 2 sin θ + (1 − cos 2θ )dθ
2
6
π
 3θ 1  2
=  − 2 cos θ − sin 2θ  M1
2 4 π 6
π 9 3 
=  +  (A1 if not earned earlier)
2 8 
Subtraction M1
Required area = π AG A1 [5]

9 (3 − λ )[(2 − λ )(3 − λ ) − 1] + 1(−(3 − λ )) = 0 M1 characteristic equation

(3 − λ )(λ − 1)(λ − 4) = 0 M1 factorise
λ = 1, 3, 4 A1

3 − λ −1 0  x   0 
 −1 2−λ − 1  y  =  0 
 0
 −1 3 − λ  z   0 
Solve for λ = 1: (1, 2, 1) M1A1
Solve for λ = 3: (1, 0, –1) A1
Solve for λ = 4: (1, –1, 1) A1 [7]

1 1 1
M = 2 0 − 1 B1√ eigenvectors as columns
1 −1 1 

0
(except  0  )
0
 

−1 0 0
D=  0 1 0 M1A1√ ft on eigenvalues [3]
0 0 8 


5 3 2 4
10 cos 5θ = c − 10c s + 5cs M1A1 use of de Moivre for (c + is)5
4 2 3 5
sin 5θ = 5c s − 10c s + s A1
5 3
t − 10t + 5t
tan 5θ = 2 4
AG M1A1 intermediate step needed [5]
1 − 10t + 5t

nπ
tan 5θ = 0 ⇒ θ = M1
5
nπ
Solutions tan for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 A1 justify values of n [2]
5
π 2π
Roots ± tan , ± tan B1
5 5
Product of these roots = 5 M1
π 2π
tan tan = 5 A1 [3]
5 5

© UCLES 2010
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GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

11 z′ = y + xy′ B1
z′′ = 2y′ + xy′′ B1
Obtain result B1 [3]

Auxiliary equation: m2 + 4 = 0 : m = ±2i M1

CF: A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x A1
PI: z = ax2 + bx + c
Differentiate twice and substitute M1
a = 2, b = 0, c = 3 A1
2
GS: z = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x + 2 x + 3 A1√ their CF + their PI
2
1 π
y = 0, x = π : (z = 0) gives A = +3 B1
2 2
z′ = –2Asin2x + 2Bcos2x + 4x M1
π 3π
y′ = –2, x = : (z′ = –π) gives B = A1
2 2
1  π 
2
 3π
y =  sin 2 x + 2 x + 3 
2
+ 3  cos 2 x + A1 [9]
x   2  2 
 

12 EITHER

(i) y′ = 0 ⇒ (x2 – 2x + λ)(2x + 2λ) – (x2 + 2λx)(2x – 2) = 0 M1

2 2
⇒ ... ⇒ (λ + 1)x – λx – λ = 0 A1
Hence at most 2 values of x and at most 2 stationary points A1 [3]

(ii) For 2 real distinct roots, λ2 > 4(λ + 1)(– λ2) M1 use of discriminant
2 5
λ (5 + 4λ ) > 0 ∴ λ > − AG A1 [2]
4

(iii) Vert. asymptotes when x2 – 2x + λ = 0 M1

b2 – 4ac > 0 ⇒ 4 – 4 λ > 0
For two vert. asymp. λ < 1 A1 [2]

(iv) (a) y = 0 ⇒ x2 + 2λx = 0 M1

⇒ x = 0 or –2λ A1 (both)
λ
(b) y = 1: x = B1 [3]
2λ + 2

(v) (a) λ < –2: no stat points: 2 vert. asymp

B1 3 branches
B1 completely correct shape

(b) λ < 2: 2 stats points: no vert. asymp

B1 max, min, horiz asymp

B1 correct shape [4]

© UCLES 2010
Page 9 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9231 01

OR

Normal to plane: (2, 3, 4) × (–1, 0, 1) = (3, –6, 3) M1A1

r.(1, –2, 1) = d and point (2, 1, 4) M1 substitute point into plane eqn
d = 4 x – 2y + z = 4 A1 [4]

Alternative:
x = 2 + 2λ – µ
y = 1 + 2λ
z = 4 + 4λ + µ
} x + z = 6 + 6λ M1A1

∴ x + z = 6 + 2( y − 1) M1
∴x − 2y + z = 4 A1

x – 4y + 5z = 12
x – 2y + z = 4 Solve by eliminating one variable M1
Use parameter and express all 3 variables in terms of it M1
e.g. x = 3t – 4, y = 2t – 4, z = t
r = (–4, –4, 0) + t (3, 2, 1) A1 or equivalent [3]

Alternative:
 1   1   3
Direction of line =  − 2  ×  − 4  = t  2  M1A1
 1   5  1
     
 − 4  2
Find any point on line e.g.  − 4  ,  0  etc.
 0   2
   
 − 4  3
∴ r =  − 4  + t 2  B1
 0  1
   

Line l: r = (a, 2a + 1, –3) + α(3c, –3, c)

Plane: x – 2y + z = 4

Distance A to plane:
a − 2(2a + 1) − 3 − 4 15
= M1
6 6
3a + 9 =15 M1 correct use of modulus sign
a=2 A1

3c + 6 + c
sin θ = M1A1
2 2
6 9c + 9 + c
4c + 6 2
∴ = M1 solve for c
6 9 + 10c
2 6
2
6c – 12c = 0: c = 2 A1
(Penalise only once for negative values.) [7]

© UCLES 2010