Packaged-Products Over 150 lb (68 kg)

1B:
ISTA 1 Series ISTA, Distributing Confidence, Worldwide™
Non-
ISTA 1 Series are the most basic category of performance tests.
Simulation
Integrity • They challenge the capability of the package and product to withstand transport hazards, but
Performance • They are not simulations of actual transport hazards, and
Test • Do not necessarily comply with carrier packaging regulations.
Procedure When properly applied, ISTA procedures will provide tangible benefits of:
• Shortened packaged development lime and confidence in product launch
• Protection of products and profits with reduced damage and product loss
• Economically balanced distribution costs
• Customer satisfaction and oontinued business.
VERSION
DATE There are three sections: Overview, Testing and Report
Last • Overview provides the general knowledge required before going into the testing laboratory and
TECHNICAL • Testing presents the specific instructions to do the testing in the laboratory and
Change: • Report indicates what data shall be recorded to submit a test report to 1STA.
MARCH
Two systems of weights and measures are presented in ISTA test procedures. They are the English system (Inch-Pound) and the
2014
international system SI (Metric). Inch-Pound units are shown first with Metric units in brackets, except in some tables where they
are shown separately.
Last
EDITORIAL • Either system may be used as the unit of measure (standard units), but
Change: • The standard units chosen shall be used consistently throughout the procedure.
JANUARY • Units are converted to two significant figures and
2016 • Not exact equivalents.

VERY IMPORTANT:
For complete
listing of The entire document shall be read and understood before proceeding with a test.
Procedure
Changes and
Version Dates
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 1B
goto
www.ista.org Test Procedure 1B is an integrity test for individual packaged-products.
It can be used to evaluate the performance of a packaged-product.
♦ It can be used to compare relative performance of package and product design alternatives.
Preface The package and product are considered together and not separately.
Some conditions of transit, such as moisture, pressure or unusual handling, may not be covered.

Other ISTA Procedures may be appropriate for different conditions or to meet different objectives.

Specific suggestions:
• To use random vibration instead of fixed displacement vtoration. use ISTA Test Procedure 1H and not 1B.
• For packaged-products where a minimum compression value should be tested, use ISTA Test Procedure 1D.
• For unitized loads conduct ISTA 1E and not 1B. A unitized load is defined as one or more products or packaged products
usually on a skid or pallet, but always secured together or restrained for distribution as a single load.
• For packaged-products intended for international distribution consider ISTA Partial-Simulation Performance Test Procedure
2B.
Refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects for additional information.

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 1B OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 1B
Scope Test Procedure 1B covers testing of individual packaged-products weighing more than 150 b (68 kg) when prepared for shipment

Product Damage The shpper shall determine the following prior to testing:
Tolerance and ♦ what constitutes damage to the product and
Package • what damage tolerance level is allowable, if any, and
Degradation • the correct methodology to determine product condition at the conclusion of the test and
Allowance ♦ the acceptable package condition at the conclusion of the test.

For additional information on this determination process refer to Guidelines (or Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects.

Samples Samples should be the untested actual package and product, but if one or both are not available, the substitutes shall be as
identical as possible to actual items.

Number of samples required:

• One sample is required for the tests in this procedure.

Replicate Testing Recommended:

To permit an adequate determination of representative performance of the packaged-product, ISTA:
• Requires the procedure to be performed one time, but
• Recommends performing the procedure five or more times using new samples with each test

NOTE:
Packages that have already been subjected to the rigors of transportation cannot be assumed to represent standard conditions, in
order to insure testing in perfect condition, products and packages shipped to certified laboratories for testing must be:
• over-packaged for shipment to the laboratory or
• repackaged in new packaging at the laboratory.

Test Sequence The tests shall be performed on each test sample in the sequence indicated in the following table:

Sequence # Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
0 1 Atmospheric Temperature and Ambient Required
Preconditioning Humidity

2 Vibration Fixed Displacement 1 in (25mm) peak to peak Required

at a frequency to be
determined

3 Shock Drop 6 in (150 mm) Required

(Alternative melbcds
allowed - select one
test type) Incline Impact (Conbur) 69 in (1.7 m) per second
impact velocity

Horizontal Impact 69 in (1.7 m) per second

velocity change

4 Shock Rotational Edge Drop 8 in (200 mm) Required when not

testing face 1

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 1B I EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR PROCEDURE 1B
Equipment Fixed Displacement Vibration Test:
Required • Vibration Test System with a 1 in (25 mm) fixed or controlled displacement complying with Method A1 or A2 of the
Vibration apparatus section of ASTM D 999.
Rotary or vertical linear motion of the platform is acceptable.
• Metal shim 0.06 in (1.5 mm), thick approximately 2 in (50 mm) wide and at a convenient length.
• Tachometer or suitable indicator for determining vtoration frequency in cycles per second (Hz) or cycles per minute
(CPM).
• Automatic timer or stopwatch.

Equipment
Required
Shock

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 1B BEFORE YOU BEGIN PROCEDURE 1B
Identification of Prior to beginning the tests identify the faces, edges and corners according to the procedure below.
Faces, Edges
and Corners Step Action

1 Place the packaged-product in its intended shipping position as determined by shipper. It the shipping
position can be variable, place the packaged-product so that the primary shipping label location is on the
top face.

2 Does the packaged-product have only six faces (2 sides, 2 ends, top and bottom}?
• If Yes, then go to Step 5.
• If No. continue to next Step.

3 Develop a method to identify each face, edge and corner and document with a diagram.

4 Go to next page for further Before You Begin details.

5 Is the package a corrugated container?

• If Yes, continue to next Step.
• If No, then go to Step 8.

6 Does the package have a manufacturer's joint connecting a side and an end face9
• If Yes, continue to next Step.
• If No. then go to Step 8.

7 Turn the packaged-product so that you are looking directly at a face with the manufacturer's joint on the
observer's right and go to Step 9.

8 Position one of the smallest Width faces of the packaged-product directly in front of you.

9 Identify faces according to the diagram below.

1l z6
Edo? 1-2

4
zI \ 5

3
Manufacturer's Joint

x Corner 2-3-5

10 Identify edges using the numbers of the two faces forming that edge.
Example: Edge 1 -2 is the edge formed by face 1 and face 2 of the packaged-product.

11 Identify corners using the numbers of the three faces that meet to form that corner.
Example: Corner 2-3-5 is the comer formed by face 2. face 3, and face 5 of the packaged-product.

12 Go to next page for further Before You Begin details.

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 1B BEFORE YOU BEGIN PROCEDURE 1B
Weight and You shall know the packaged-product's:
Size • gross weight in pounds (kg), and
Measurement • outside dimensions of Length, Width and Height (L x W x H) in inches (mm or m)

Before You Required Preconditioning:

Begin The packaged-product shall be preconditioned to laboratory ambient temperature and humidity for twelve (12) hours prior to
Atmospheric testing.
Conditioning
0
CAUTION:

Before You A restraining device or devices shall be used with the vibration test system to:
Begin ♦ Prevent the test specimen from moving off the platform and
Vibration ♦ Maintain test orientation of the packaged product, but
Testing ♦ The device or devices shall not restrict the vertical motion of the test specimen during the test.

Familiarity with the following formula is required to calculate the test duration after the frequency required to bounce the packaged-
product is determined in the Vibration Test Block:

11.800 Vibratory Impacts

Test Duration in Minutes = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cycles Per Minute (CPM) or (Cycles Per Second (Hz) x 60]

The chart below shows exam pie Test Durations calculated for several frequencies.
CPM Hz Test Duration in Minutes
150 2.5 79
180 3.0 66
210 3.5 57
240 4.0 50
270 4.5 44
300 5.0 40

Select Drop. Incline or Horizontal as a test method.

• For Drop Test Method the drop height shall be 6 in (150 mm) for Free Fall Drop. Shock Machine Equivalent Free
Before You Fall Drop, or Sling Drops.
Begin
• For Incline Test Method the minimum impact velocity is 69 in per second (1.7 m per second).
Shock Testing
• For Horizontal Test Method the minimum velocity change is 69 in per second (1.7 m per second).

NOTE:
• 69 in per second is equal to 5.75 ft per second.
• When using impact velocity or velocity change, if any velocity in a Test Sequence is below the required minimum level, that
sequence event must be repeated until the test velocity meets the minimum.

EXCEPTION:
You do not have to conduct a shock test on face 1 (top) it
• the packaged-product has a visible skid or pallet, or
positioning or testing the packaged-product in this orientation would be unsafe.

CAUTION:
If the test item is large and:
• has a length equal to or greater than twice the width and
• has a center of gravity above the midpoint of the height.
• there s the possibility that it oould tip over when testing one of the longest edges, therefore
• you may conduct the Rotational Edge Drop test on both of the shortest edges.

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 1B TEST SEQUENCE FOR PROCEDURE 1B
The test blocks that follow contain tables that indicate the requ ired steps for each test in the procedure.
TEST BLOCK 1 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
Atmospheric Step Action
Conditioning 1 PRE-CONDITIONING: The packaged-product should be stored at laboratory ambient temperature and
0 humidity for twelve (12} hours prior to testing.
2 Record the ambient laboratory temperature and humidity when testing starts.
3 At the end of testing record temperature and humidity.
[ I ] Go to TEST BLOCK 2 (Vtoration).

TEST BLOCK 2 VIBRATION -FIXED DISPLACEMENT

Vibration
Step Action

1 Put the packaged-product on the vtoration table so that faoe 3 rests on the platform.

2 Start the vibration system to vtorate at 1.0 in (25 mm) total displacement at the machine's lowest
frequency.

3 Maintain a fixed displacement at 1 inch (25 mm) and slowly increase the frequency (speed) of the
vibration table until the packaged-product begins to momentarily leave the surface of the platform.

4 Can a metal shim be intermittently moved between the bottom of the longest dimension of the packaged-
product and the surface of the platform?
• If Yes. hold that frequency and then continue to the next Step (Step 5).
• If No. then slowly increase the frequency until the requirement of this Step (Step 4) is met, and
hold that vtoration frequency.

5 Determine the test duration in minutes using the formula indicated in Before You Begin Vibration Testing
and the CPM or Hz frequency identified in Step 4.

6 Begin timing the vibration test duration.

7 Are you using a vertical linear motion on the vibration system?

• If Yes, then go to Step 12.
♦ If No. then continue with the next Step.

8 Stop the vtoration test after completion of one-half (Va) of the total minutes of test duration and perform
the appropriate action as indicated in the table below:

IF a single 9O-: horizontal rotation is... THEN perform a horizontal rotation of...

Possible 90° as the specimen rests on the platform.

Not practical because of the size of the 180s as the specimen rests on the platform.
packaged-product or the stability of the
packaged-product.

9 Re-start the vibration system to vibrate at 1.0 in (25 mm) total displacement at the machine's lowest
frequency.

10 Maintain a fixed displacement at 1 inch (25 mm) and slowly increase the frequency (speed) of the
vibration table until the packaged-product begins to momentarily leave the surface of the platform.

11 Can a metal shim be intermittently moved between the bottom of the longest dimension of the packaged-
product and the surface of the platform?
• If Yes. hold that frequency and then continue to the next Step (Step 12).
• If No, then slowly increase the frequency until the requirement of this Step (Step 11) is met. and
hold that vibration frequency.

12 Resume or continue timing the test, and complete the second half of the vibration duration.

13 Vibration testing is no*/ complete. Go to TEST BLOCK 3 (Shock).

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 1B I TEST SEQUENCE FOR PROCEDURE 1B

SHOCK • DROP OR IMPACT

TEST BLOCK 3
Shock Step Action
(Drop or
1 Did you determine in Before You Begin Shock Testing not to shock test face 1 (top)?
Impact)
• If Yes, then go to TEST BLOCK 4 (Shock - Rotational Edge Drop)
• If No. go to the next Step.

2 Determine the drop height, impact velocity or velocity change using the Before You Begin Block.

3 Test the packaged-product according to the level in Step 2. Follow the sequence in the table below.

Sequence # Orientation Specific face

1 Face one of the smallest faces

2 Face opposite small face

3 Face one of the medium faces

4 Face opposite medium face

5 Face one of the largest faces

6 Face opposite large face

4 All testing is now complete. Go to the Reporting an ISTA Test section at the end of this Procedure.

SHOCK - IMPACT AND ROTATIONAL EDGE DROP

TEST BLOCK 4
Shock Step Action
(Impact and
1 Determine the impact velocity or velocity change from Before You Begin Shock Testing.
Rotational
Edge Drop) 2 Test the packaged-product according to the level in Step 1. Follow the sequence in the table below.

Sequence # Orientation Specific face

1 Face one of the smallest vertical faces

2 Face opposite small vertical face

3 Face one of the largest vertical faces

4 Face opposite large vertical face

3 Perform a rotational edge drop. Follow the sequence in the table below.

Sequence # Action
1 Place the unitized load onto a flat, rigid surface such as steel or concrete.

2 Support any face-3 edge with a timber or support 3.5 to 4.0 in (90 to 100 mm) in height
and width.

3 Lift the opposite face-3 edge to 8 in (200 mm) off the surface.

4 Release the edge so that it falls freely on to a flat, rigid surface.

4 Repeat Step 3 on one of the bottom edges radiating 90° from the edge tested in Step 3 Sequence 3.

5 All testing is now complete. Go to the Reporting an ISTA Test section at the end of ths Procedure.

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 1B I REPORTING AN ISTA TEST
Reporting an ISTA Test Report Forms may be downloaded by members through the online ISTA Member Center | www.ista.orgimembers.i-
ISTA Test: Custom forms are also acceptable, but information on an official ISTA Report Form is considered to be the minimum required for
Completing and any test report submission and consideration. Test report forms should be submitted to ISTA Headquarters by mail, fax or
Submitting electronically. Test reports should be detailed enough for accurate repeatability of the test.
an ISTA Test
Report The packaged-product has satisfactorily passed the test if, upon examination, it meets the Product Damage Tolerance and
Package Degradation Allowance determined prior to testing.

ISTA Certified Testing Laboratories:

• Should file a test report on all 1ST A Test Procedures or Projects conducted.
• Shall file a test report on all ISTA Test Procedures or Projects conducted to obtain Transit Tested Package Certification or
Acknowledgement.

To submit a test report form:

• Email to isla@ista.org
• Mail to add-ess shown below
• Fax to+1517-333-3813.

ISTA Transit Tested Program: Packaged-Product Certification TRANSIT TESTED

The ISTA Transit Tested Certification Mark as shown:
• is a registered certification mark and
• can only be printed on certified packages and
• can only be used by license agreement and
• by a Shipper member of the international Safe Transit Association.

When a Shpper member prints this certification mark on a packaged-product, with their manufacturer's license number, they are
showing their customer, vendors and carriers that it has passed the requirements of ISTA preshipment testing.

To obtain initial certification of a packaged-product:

• the product manufacturer must be a Shipper member of ISTA in good-standing and with a valid License Agreement on file
• the testing laboratory must be a member of 1ST A in good-standing and have a valid lab certification date
• a test report must be submitted by the laboratory to ISTA Headquarters.

In order to maintain its certified status and eligibility for identification with the Transit Tested Certification Mark, each packaged-
product must be re-tested whenever a change is made in the:
• Product or
• Process or
• Package.

If corrugated packaging is used, it is recommended that the basis weights of the constituent paper&'paperboards be determined
after testing and documented to provide the best indicator of equivalence or change.

As a quality control procedure, packaged-products should be re-tested frequently, for example, yearly.

For additional information, refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Test Procedures and Projects.

ISTA Membership information is available at wvAv.lsta.org.

This Test Procedure is published by:

International Safe Transit Association
WO Abbot Road, Suite 160 East Lansing, Michigan 48823-1900 USA

$2016 Internationa) Sate Transit Association

No part of the contents of this Test Procedure may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permtss.cn of
the publisher.

Order Information: Additional copies of this Test Procedure and the ISTA8 RESOURCE BOOK may be ordered online at www. ista.org or by
contacting ISTA at {+1)517.333.3437. A listing ol cunent procedure version dates is available at www.ista.org.

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