KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA ‫المملكة العربية السعودية‬

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATIN

AL-BAHA UNIVERSITY ‫وزارة التعليم العالي‬
;K
ENGINEERING COLLAGE ‫ كلية الهندسة‬- ‫جامعة الباحة‬
CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY
‫قسم الهندسة المدنية‬

Graduation project part I

Design of high rise building due to vertical and lateral loads

Group work:
Sami Abdullah Ali Alghamdi. 436000700
Abdulaziz Khalid Saeed Alzahrani. 436006388
Mohammed Saeed Ali Alghamdi. 436008014

Supervisor:
Dr.Saif Eldeen Ahmed Saif Eldeen.

2019-2020
 Content
Chapter1
Project data...............................................................1

Chapter2
Design of slab S1 and S2...................................... 2

Chapter3
Design of beam B2..................................................9

Chapter4
Design of column C26.........................................15

Chapter5
HAND DESIGN OF FOOTING C26...................22
Design of raft foundation part........................26

Chapter6
DESIGN OF STAIR.................................................36
 Project data
A residential building consists of five floors, ground floor and four repeated floors.
Solid slab system is used as the structural system for each floor.
This part contains some manual calculations to design the structural elements, in addition to
using some software packages such as SAP2000 and RCM ACI-building to analyze and design all
structural elements.
The building is designed due to the effect of vertical loads only.
Lateral loads are not considered in the second part.
All structural elemen1ts are designed according to the recommendations of The American
Concrete Institute (ACI 318M-11).

1. Live load:
Stairs and cantilever =3KN/m2
Living room =2 KN/m2
2. Dead load:
Cover load =2 kN/m2
3. Storyi's height =3m
4. Cantilever edge wall height =1m
5. Beam section:
20x60 cm
25x60 cm
6. Wall thickness:
12cm and,
25cm.
7. Reinforced concrete unit weight =25 kN/m3
8. Wall unit weight =14 kN /m3
9. Concrete strength =28Mpa
10. Steel strength =420Mpa
11. Slab thickness:
cantilever=130mm and,
others =120mm
12. Allowable soil bearing capacity =150 kN/m2
13. Cover:
Beam cover=40mm,Footing cover=75mm ,Slab cover=20mm ,Column cover=40mm

1
 Design of slab S1 and S2
-live load=2 kN/m2 for living room and =3kN/m2 for
cantilever and stairs
-wall thickness=25cm and 12cm
-dead load=25ts+cover load(1.5 to 2 kN/m2)
-fc=28Mpa
-fy=420Mpa

α f6

α f5
α f1
α f4

α f2 α f3

2
 5𝑚
Long to short ratio = = 1.51
3.31𝑚

1.51 ≤ 2 ∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏

-Determining of slab thickness(h):
assume ∝𝑓𝑚 > 2
𝑓𝑦
ln (0.8 + ) 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛
1500
ℎ= ,𝛽 =
36 + 9𝛽 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
420
4800 (0.8 + )
ℎ= 1500 = 103.6𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 105𝑚𝑚
4.8
36 + 9 (
3.08)
but minimum practically thickness of slab =120mm.
-check ∝𝒇𝒎 :
𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓1 =
𝐼𝑠
250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 1.5 = 6.75 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
1790 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 257.76 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
6.75 × 109
∝𝑓1 = = 26.2
257.76 × 106
𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓2 =
𝐼𝑠
200 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 2 = 7.2 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
3520 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 506.88 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12

3
 7.2 × 109
∝𝑓2 = = 14.2
506.88 × 106
𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓3 =
𝐼𝑠
250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 2 = 7.2 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
3300 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 475.2 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
7.2 × 109
∝𝑓3 = = 15.15
475.2 × 106

𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓4 =
𝐼𝑠
250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 2 = 7.2 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
3870 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 557.28 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
7.2 × 109
∝𝑓4 = = 12.92
557.28 × 106
𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓5 =
𝐼𝑠
250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 2 = 7.2 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
2750 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 396 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
7.2 × 109
∝𝑓5 = = 18.18
396 × 106

4
 𝐼𝑏
∝𝑓6 =
𝐼𝑠
250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏 = × 2 = 7.2 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
3690 × 1203
𝐼𝑠 = = 531.36 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
7.2 × 109
∝𝑓5 = = 13.55
531.36 × 106
26.2 + 14.2 + 15.15 + 18.18 + 13.55
∴ ∝𝑓6 = = 16.7
6
>2 𝑜𝑘
-slab loading:
Own weight =0.120× 25 = 3kn/m2
Ultimate load on slab S1 wu ;
Wu=1.2DL+1.6LL=1.2(3+2)+1.6(2)=9.2kn/m2
-determining of bending moment on slab S1 and S2:
For S1 :
use method 2-1963 ACI code:
case2:one edge discontinues c
𝑙𝑠 3.31
= = 0.662
𝑙𝑙 5
0.662 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 0.6 and 0.7
d e f
b

5
 Mu=𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 ×Wu× 𝒍𝒔 𝟐
Wu × 𝑙𝑠 2 = 9.2 × 3.312 = 100.796kN
-Moment in long direction:
𝑀𝑎 = −0.041 × 100.796 = −4.13kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
𝑀𝑏 = +0.031 × 100.796 = +3.12kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
𝑀𝑐 = −0.041 × 100.796 = −4.13kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
- Moment in short direction:
𝑀𝑑 = −0.0315 × 100.796 = −3.17kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
𝑀𝑒 = +0.0495 × 100.796 = +5kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
𝑀𝑓 = −0.0655 × 100.796 = −6.6kN ∙ 𝑚/𝑚
For S2:
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2 :
𝑙 1002
ℎ= = = 126𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 130𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑠
8 8
Wu=1.2DL+1.6LL=1.2((25× 0.130)+2)+1.6(3)=10.8kN/m2
Wall own weight =wall thickness× 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ×
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 1.2
Wall own weight = 0.12× 1 × 14 × 1.2 = 2.58kN/𝑚
𝟏𝟎. 𝟖 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟐
𝑴𝒖 = + (𝟐. 𝟓𝟖 × 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐)
𝟐
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟒𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎/𝒎
-Steel area Determination:
𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 =
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × 0.9 × 𝑑
d=davg=h-dbar-cover=120-10-20=90mm.
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × 0.9 × 𝑑 = 0.9 × 420 × 0.9 × 90 = 30618

6
 13.74 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑎 = = 404𝑚𝑚2
0.9 × 420 × 0.9 × 100
3.12 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑏 = = 102𝑚𝑚2
30618
4.13 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = 135𝑚𝑚2
30618
3.17 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑑 = = 104𝑚𝑚2
30618
5 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑒 = = 164𝑚𝑚2
30618
6.6 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = = 216𝑚𝑚2
30618
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002 × 1000 × 120 = 240𝑚𝑚2
∴For a use 6 Φ10/m (As=472 𝑚𝑚2 )
1000
spacing between bars=S= = 200𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
6−1

𝐴𝑠𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 240𝑚𝑚2

∴For b ,c ,d ,e ,and f use 4Φ10/m

But practically the number of bars per meter should not be
less than 5 so,
ACI code:
use 5 Φ10/ m (As=393 𝑚𝑚2 )
1000 𝑺 ≤ 𝒂, 𝒃
S= = 250𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
5−1 a.5h b.450mm

5 Φ10/ m is adequate for +ve

and -ve moments in both
direction according to the SAP
2000 analysis as shown at the
next page
7
8
 Design of beam B2
-load on beam B1 :
Assume B1 20×60 ,and B2 25×60
check "h" for deflection:
5650
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 350𝑚𝑚
16

∴ 600𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

−𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ ×
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
−𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 0.2 × 0.6 × 25 × 1.2 = 𝟑. 𝟔kN ⁄ 𝑚
−Load from wall=wall thickness ×(wall height – beam
depth) ×wall unit weight ×dead load factor
Load from wall=0.12×(3-0.6) ×16×1.2=5.53kN /𝑚
𝑊𝑢×𝑠 9.2×3.31
−From slab "S1"= = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐kN/𝑚
3 3

−𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 cantilevre "S2"=10.8× 1.02 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟐kN/𝑚

− cantilever's "S2" Wall own weight =wall thickness×
𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × dead load factor
= 0.12× 1 × 16 × 1.2 = 𝟐. 𝟑kN/𝑚
Wu=3.6+5.53+10.2+11.02+2.3=32.93kN/m

3.31m

9
 load on beam B2 :
−𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 0.25 × 0.6 × 25 × 1.2 = 𝟒. 𝟓kN/𝑚
−load from wall=0.25×(3-0.6) ×16×1.2=10.656kN/𝑚
𝑠 2 3.31 2
𝑊𝑢×𝑠 3−( 𝑙 ) 9.2×3.31 3−( 5 )
−From slab "S5"= × = × =
3 2 3 2
𝟏𝟑kN/𝑚
−𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐵1 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 @0.75𝑚 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟓kN
Ultimate load on beam B2=4.5+10.656+13=28.2 kN /m
`

B2

0.75m 4.9m

S.F.D
KN

B.M.D
Kn.m

Design of beam B2(Mu=+133.61 kN.m):

Flange width"𝑏𝑓 " according to SBC code it is 0.470
the minimum of the following:
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 5650
1. = = 470𝑚𝑚 𝑜. 𝑘
12 12

2.6ℎ𝑓 = 6 × 120 = 720𝑚𝑚

𝑠 3008
3. = = 1504𝑚𝑚
2 2

𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 , 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑟 16
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 − = 600 − 40 − 10 − = 542𝑚𝑚
2 2
10
 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ × 0.85𝑓𝑐 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × (𝑑 − )
2
120
𝑀𝑢 = 0.9 × 0.85 × 28 × 120 × 470 × (542 − ) × 10−6 = 580kN. 𝑚
2

580𝐾𝑛. 𝑚 > 133.61kN. 𝑚

∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑀𝑢 133.61 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 724𝑚𝑚2
∅ 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9 × 420 × 0.9 × 542
0.33
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = × 250 × 542 = 447𝑚𝑚2
100
𝐴𝑠 > 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝑠 = 724𝑚𝑚2
250−80−20−(4×16)
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝟒∅𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝒎𝒎
4−1

-CHECK whether the section is under tension controlled or not (i,e ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗)

𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 724 × 420
𝑎= = = 51.11𝑚𝑚
0.85 × 𝑓𝑐 × 𝑏 0.85 × 28 × 250
𝑎 51.11
𝐶= = = 60.12𝑚𝑚
𝛽 0.85
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠):
𝜀𝑡 𝑑𝑡 −𝑐
= →𝜀 =
𝑡
0.003 𝑐
(542−60.12)(0.003)
= 0.024
60.12
0.0165 > 0.005 𝑜𝑘
∴the section is tension controlled
and assumption of ∅=0.9 is true

Design for shear(126.93 kN):

Column dimension (25×50)cm
11
 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
Ultimate shear position @(d+ )
2
0.500
=0.542+ =0.792mm
2
Vu=126.93 − (28.2 × 0.792) − 54.5 = 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17 × √28 × 250 × 542 × 10−3 = 121.9kN
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 121.9 = 91.4kN
∅𝑉𝑐 91.4
= = 45.7kN
2 2
∅𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 >
2
Assume ∅8𝑚𝑚U𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 → 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 100𝑚𝑚2
100 × 420
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝐴𝑣 min 𝑓 ) /(0.35𝑏𝑤 ) = = 480𝑚𝑚
𝑦 0.35 × 250
𝑑 542
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 271𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒∅8@200𝑚𝑚 𝑐⁄𝑐𝑈𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝

12
 Design of beam B2 based on sap 2000

B.M.D
B2

S.F.D

𝑀𝑢 = +104𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = +78𝑘𝑁
-Design to resist (104 kN.m)
𝑀𝑢 104 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 564𝑚𝑚2
∅ 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9 × 420 × 0.9 × 542
0.33
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = × 250 × 542 = 447𝑚𝑚2
100
250−80−20−(4×16)
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝟒∅𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝒎𝒎
4−1

13
 -Design for shear(78 kN):
Column dimension (25×50)cm
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
Ultimate shear position @(d+ )
2
0.500
=0.542+ =0.792mm
2
Vu= 𝟔𝟔𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17 × √28 × 250 × 542 × 10−3 = 121.9kN
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 121.9 = 91.4kN
∅𝑉𝑐 91.4
= = 45.7kN
2 2
∅𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 >
2
Assume ∅8𝑚𝑚U𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 → 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 100𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 ×𝑓𝑦 100×420
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 480𝑚𝑚
0.35𝑏𝑤 0.35×250
𝑑 542
Check 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 271𝑚𝑚
2 2

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒∅8@200𝑚𝑚 𝑐⁄𝑐𝑈𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝

14
 Design of column C26:

Joint F3 Joint F3
Text KN Text KN
C1 50.925 C21 61.537
C2 102.073 C22 157.46
C3 57.64 C23 157.435
C4 57.628 C24 61.555
C5 102.159 C25 81.634
C6 50.912 C26 236.406
C7 169.976 C27 81.637
C8 169.979 C28 62.787
C9 169.24 C29 217.426
C10 199.114 C30 217.466
C11 226.233 C31 62.747
C12 226.157 C32 225.206
C13 199.144 C33 225.209
C14 169.172 C34 106.781
C15 251.675 C35 107.027
C16 251.682 C36 229.227
C17 63.892 C37 83.392
C18 78.783 C38 82.673
C19 78.82 C39 82.665
C20 63.885 C40 83.46

15
𝑝𝑢 = 237kN 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 50𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑐 = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 "∅" = 0.65
Solution:
1-Maximum load considering 5 stories and 10% own
weight :
𝑝𝑢 = 237 × 5 × 1.1 = 1304kN
2-moment developed due to eccentricity:
𝑀𝑢 = 1304 × 0.05 = 65.2kN ∙ 𝑚
3-finding of required cross section area assuming
average column compressive strength 0.6𝒇𝒄 :
𝑝𝑢 1304 × 103
𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑞. = = = 77619𝑚𝑚2
0.6𝑓𝑐 0.6 × 28
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐵 = 250𝑚𝑚
77619
∴𝐿= = 311𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑖𝑡 = 350𝑚𝑚
250
4-Check for slenderness:
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ "L" = 3𝑚
𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ "Lu " = 2.88𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝐵 × 𝐿) = 250 × 350 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 (𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑠𝑤𝑎𝑦)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝐾 𝐿𝑢 𝑀1
≤ 34 − 12 ( ) ≤ 40
𝑟 𝑀2
𝑟 = 0.3𝐿 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑀1 = 𝑀2 = 65.2kN ∙ 𝑚

16
 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 ∑
𝐸𝑐 𝐿𝑐
𝜓𝐴 = = 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑏
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 ∑
𝐸𝑐 𝐿𝑏
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵 ∑
𝐸𝑐 𝐿𝑐
𝜓𝐵 = = 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑏
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵 ∑
𝐸𝑐 𝐿𝑏

0.7(0.68266×109)+0.7(0.68266×109 )
3000
𝜓𝐴 = 0.35(3.6×109 ) 0.35(3.6×109 ) 0.35(4.5×109 ) 0.35(4.5×109 )
=0.193
+ + +
3440 3440 5920 2410

0.587

17
𝜓𝐴 = 𝜓𝐵 = 0.193
0.587×2880
= 16
0.3×350 Single curvature so
65.2 𝑀1
34 − 12 (65.2) = 22 (𝑀2)will be +ve

16 ≤ 22 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡

5-reinforcement using infraction
diagram: 2.88
𝑝𝑢 1304
𝑝𝑛 = = = 2006kN
∅ 0.65
65.2
𝑀𝑛 = 0.65 = 100.3kN. 𝑚
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 + 2
16
𝑑 ′ = 40 − 10 − = 58𝑚𝑚
2
𝐿−2𝑑′ 350−2(58)
𝛾= = = 0.67 in between 0.6 and 0.7
𝐿 350
𝑝𝑛 2006×103
𝐾𝑛 = 𝑓 𝐴𝑔 = 28×250×350 = 0.82
𝑐

𝑀𝑛 100.3×106
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓 ×𝐴𝑔×𝐿 = 28×250×350×350 = 0.12
𝑐

From interaction diagram:

For 𝛾 = 0.6 for 𝛾 = 0.7
𝜌 = 0.02 𝜌 = 0.02
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 × 250 × 350 = 1750𝑚𝑚2
1750
= 8.7 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 10∅16𝑚𝑚
𝜋×82

𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅10𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡250𝑚𝑚

18
−16𝑑 = 16 × 16 = 256𝑚𝑚
−48𝑑𝑠𝑡. = 48 × 10 = 480𝑚𝑚
−𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250𝑚𝑚∎
6-check for code requirements:
a) Clear spacing between longitudinal bars=62mm ok
b) Gross reinforcement ratio 0.01 < 𝜌 < 0.08 ok
c) Number of bars =10 > 4 ok
d) Minimum tie diameter =10mm ok
e) Spacing of ties=250mm ok
f) Arrangement of ties ok

∅10@250𝑚𝑚

10∅16

NOTE:
Using concrete to resist compression in column is
more efficient , so we increase the column dimension
to get less reinforcement so try 250× 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎.

𝐿−2𝑑′ 500−2(58)
𝛾= = = 0.768 in between 0.6 and 0.7
𝐿 500

19
 𝑝𝑛 2006×103
𝐾𝑛 = 𝑓 𝐴𝑔 = 28×250×500 = 0.57
𝑐

𝑀𝑛 100.3×106
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓 ×𝐴𝑔×𝐿 = 28×250×500×500 = 0.06
𝑐

From interaction diagram:

For 𝛾 = 0.7 for 𝛾 = 0.8
𝜌 < 0.01 𝜌 < 0.01
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝐴𝑔 = 0.01 × 250 × 500 = 1250𝑚𝑚2
1250
= 6.2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 8∅16𝑚𝑚
𝜋×82

𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅10𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡250𝑚𝑚

−16𝑑 = 16 × 16 = 256𝑚𝑚
−48𝑑𝑠𝑡. = 48 × 10 = 480𝑚𝑚
−𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250𝑚𝑚∎

20
6-check for code requirements:
a) Clear spacing between longitudinal bars=
118 and 112 mm ok
b) Gross reinforcement ratio 0.01 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 0.08 ok
c) Number of bar =8 > 4 ok
d) Minimum tie diameter =10mm ok
e) Spacing between ties=250mm ok
f) Arrangement of ties ok

Code:
(ACI 318M − 11, 10.10.4.1)
(ACI 318M − 11, 10.10.1)
(ACI 318M-11,fig. R10.10.1.1)
(ACI 318M-11, 10.9.1)
(ACI 318M-11, 10.9.2)
(ACI 318M-11, 7.6.3) (ACI 318M-11, 7.10.5)
(ACI 318M-11, 7.7.1) (ACI 318M-11, 10)
21
 𝑆𝐴𝑃 2000 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑈𝐿𝑇𝑆:
DESIGN OF FOOTING C26
𝐷𝐿 = 154𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾𝐼𝑁𝐺 = 187 ×: 5 × 1.1 = 1028kN 𝐿𝐿 = 32𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾𝐼𝑁𝐺 1028
𝐴𝐹 = = = 6.853𝑚2
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 150
𝐿 = 0.25 + 𝐵, 𝐴𝐹 = (0.25 + 𝐵) × 𝐵 = 6.853
∴ 𝐵 = 2.5𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 2.75𝑚
𝟏. 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ + (100~150𝑚𝑚)
= 500 + 100 = 600𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 600 − 75 − 16 = 509𝑚𝑚
𝟐. 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟:
𝒂. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑉𝑢 = (0.616 × 2.75) × (150) = 254.1kN
6𝑉𝑢 6 × 254.1
𝑑= =
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 0.75√28 × 2.75
= 139.7𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
𝒃. 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑉𝑢 = (0.616 × 2.5) × (150) = 231kN
6𝑉𝑢 6 × 231
𝑑= = = 139.7𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 0.75√28 × 2.5
𝟐. 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟:
𝑉𝑢 = ((2.5 × 2.75) − (0.759 × 1.009)) ×
(150) = 916.4kN
3𝑉𝑢
𝑑=
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑜
3 × 916.4
=
0.75√28 × 2(0.759 + 1.009)
= 195.9𝑚𝑚
22
 Reduce "h"
1.Assume h=400mm
d=400-75-16=309mm
2.𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟:
𝒂. 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑉𝑢 = (0.816 × 2.5) × (150)
= 306kN
6𝑉𝑢 6×306
𝑑= = 0.75 =
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 √28×2.5
185𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
𝒃. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑉𝑢 = (0.816 × 2.75) ×
(150) = 336.6𝑘𝑛
6𝑉𝑢
𝑑=
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤
6 × 336.6
=
0.75√28 × 2.75
= 185𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
𝟑. 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟:
𝑉𝑢 = ((2.5 × 2.75) −
(0.559 × 0.809)) × (150) =
963.4kN
3𝑉𝑢
𝑑= =
∅√𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑜
3×963.4
=
0.75√28×2(0.559+0.809)
266𝑚𝑚 ok

23
 4.Reinforcement:
-long direction:
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 × 𝐴 × 𝐴𝑟𝑚 = 150 ×
1.125
(1.125 × 2.5) × = 237.3 kN. 𝑚
2
𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = ∅×𝑓 =
𝑦 ×0.9×𝑑
237.3×106 2
= 2257𝑚𝑚
0.9×420×0.9×309
1.4
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑, 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
420
= 0.0033 𝑜𝑟 , 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
√28
= = 0.0031
4 × 420
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0033 × 2500 × 309
= 2572𝑚𝑚2
2572
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = (𝜋×82 ) = 𝟏𝟑∅𝟏𝟔

-short direction:
1.125
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 × 𝐴 × 𝐴𝑟𝑚 = 150 × (1.125 × 2.75) × = 261 kN. 𝑚
2

𝑀𝑢 261 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = =
∅ × 𝑓𝑦 × 0.9 × 𝑑 0.9 × 420 × 0.9 × 309
= 2483𝑚𝑚2
1.4
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑, 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 0.0033 𝑜𝑟 , 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
420
√28
= = 0.0031
4 × 420
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0033 × 2750 × 309 = 2832𝑚𝑚2
2832
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = (𝜋×82 ) = 𝟏𝟓∅𝟏𝟔

24
25
 Design of Raft Foundation part :
The raft foundation is a kind of combined footing that may cover the entire area under
the structure that is supporting several columns in one rigid body. In this project, the
soil profile shows that the bearing capacity is about of 150 kN/m2 .

26
Area of building =24.41*6.09
22.41 ∗ 4.02
50% 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = 45.044 𝑚2
2
27
Area of isolated footing =
9327.835
=62.185185 ( 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑀𝐴𝑇 𝐹𝑂𝑈𝑁𝐷 )
150

Center of raft =
24.41 6.09
( , ) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 12.205 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3.045 𝑚
2 2
Find centroid coordinates 𝑦 ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ′ :
∑𝑃 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = (1.01 ∗ 1934) + (2.38 ∗ 1729) +
(4.03 ∗ 2438) = 15893.5
15893.5
𝑦′ = = 1.70 + 1.01 = 2.71 𝑚
9327.835

𝑒𝑥 = 0
𝑀𝑦 = ∑𝑝 ∗ 𝑒𝑥 = 9327.835 ∗ 0 = 0

𝑒𝑦=3.045−2.71=0.335 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = ∑𝑝 ∗ 𝑒𝑦 = 9327.835 ∗ 0.335 = 3124.824 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑏ℎ3 24.41∗6.093
Ix = = = 459.450 𝑚4
12 12

𝑏ℎ3 6.09∗24.413
Iy = = = 7381.410 𝑚4
12 12
∑𝑝 𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑥
q= ± 𝑥± 𝑦
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐼𝑦 𝐼𝑥

9327.835 3124.824∗3.045
q1= +0 + = 83.534 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
24.41∗6.09 459.450

9327.835 3124.824∗3.045
q2= +0− = 42.114 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
24.41∗6.09 459.450

9327.835
q3= + 0 + 0 = 62.747 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
24.41∗6.09

so; q = 83.534kN/m2

28
∑pu =1.2 DL + 1.6 LL =1.2*8023.8+1.6*1304.04=11715.024 KN
=1.2*8023.8+1.6*1304.04=11715.024 KN
∑pu 11715.024
= = 1.255
𝑃 9327.835

qu 1= 1.255*83.534 =104.835 KN

qu 2= 1.255*42.114 = 52.853 KN
2-Raft Thickness :
1
∅ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
Where:
∅ = Reduction factor = 0.75
𝑏𝑜 = the perimeter of the sheared area .
d = effective depth of raft.
𝑓𝑐′ = Compressive strength of concrete = 28 MPa.
So ;

29
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐1 = 𝑏𝑜 = 2(0.40 + d) + 2( 0.250 + d) = 1.3 + 4d
1 1
∅ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ ∗ √28 ∗ (1300 + 4𝑑) ∗ 𝑑 … (1)
3 3
𝑝𝑢 – 𝑞𝑢 ( A punching )𝑉𝑢 𝐴1 =
𝑉𝑢 =878.078−78.747∗((0.250+𝑑)∗(0.400+𝑑))… (2)
𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 = 2
d=0.480 m = 500 mm
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐2 = 𝑏𝑜 = 2(0.50 + d) + 2( 0.250 + d) = 1.5 + 4d
1 1
∅ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ ∗ √28 ∗ (1500 + 4𝑑) ∗ 𝑑 … (1)
3 3

𝑃𝑢 𝐴1 – 𝑞𝑢 /𝑚2 ( A punching )𝑉𝑢 𝐴1 =

Vu =1294.90−78.747∗((0.250+d)∗(0.500+d)) … (2)
𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 = 2

d=0.613 m = 650mm

vu = 𝑝𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑞𝑢 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ( 𝑐1 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝑐2 + 𝑑) = 1294.90 −

78.747(0.40 + 0.650) ∗ (0.50 + 0.650) = 1199.812 𝑘𝑛
1
∅ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3

𝑏𝑜 = 2(0.50 + 0.650) + 2( 0.250 + 0.650)

= 1.5 + 4 ∗ 0.650 = 4.1 m
1 1
∅ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ ∗ √28 ∗ 103 ∗ 4.1 ∗ 0.650
3 3
= 3525.463 𝑘𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡 500 𝑚𝑚
1
0.75 ∗ ∗ √28 ∗ 103 ∗ 4.1 ∗ 0.500 = 2711.895 ∴ 𝑜𝑘
3

∅ 𝑉𝑐 > 𝑉𝑢 ∴ 𝑜𝑘
X – Direction :

30
Mu max +𝑣𝑒 =225.102 𝑘𝑛. 𝑚/ m

𝑀𝑢 225.102∗106
As = = = 1323.350 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝜙∗𝑓𝑦∗0.9∗𝑑 0.9∗420∗0.9∗500
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.0020 ∗ 1000 ∗ 500 =
1000 𝑚𝑚2 / 𝑚
1323.350
No of bars = 162
= 7𝜙16 / 𝑚
𝜋∗ 4

31
Mu max −𝑣𝑒 = -66.71 𝑘𝑛. 𝑚/ m
𝑀𝑢 −66.71∗106
As = = = 392.181 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝜙∗𝑓𝑦∗0.9∗𝑑 0.9∗420∗0.9∗500
= 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.0020 ∗ 1000 ∗ 500 =𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
1000 𝑚𝑚2 / 𝑚
1000
No of bars = 162
= 5𝜙16 / 𝑚
𝜋∗ 4

Y – Direction :

Mu max +𝑣𝑒 = 207.35 𝑘𝑛. 𝑚/ m

𝑀𝑢 207.35∗106
As = = = 1218.98 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝜙∗𝑓𝑦∗0.9∗𝑑 0.9∗420∗0.9∗500
= 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.0020 ∗ 1000 ∗ 500 = 1000 𝑚𝑚2 /𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚
1218.98
No of bars = 162
= 6𝜙16/ 𝑚
𝜋∗ 4

32
Mu max −𝑣𝑒 = -75.178 𝑘𝑛. 𝑚/ m
𝑀𝑢 75.178∗106
As = = = 441.963 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝜙∗𝑓𝑦∗0.9∗𝑑 0.9∗420∗0.9∗500
= 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.0020 ∗ 1000 ∗ 500 =𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
1000 𝑚𝑚2 / 𝑚
1000
No of bars = 182
= 5𝜙16 / 𝑚
𝜋∗ 4

THE RESULTS OF THE PROGRAM (SAFE – 2016)

Soil Pressure Diagram (W) KN / 𝒎𝟐

Ok 142.57<150 KN / 𝑚2

Check punching : all values < 1 ok

33
Moment of Resistance :
d = cover – d bar = 500 -75 -16 =409 mm
𝜋∗162
MR = ∗ 6 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 409 ∗ 10−6 =
4
167.85 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 /𝑚
Slab Resultant X – Direction :
Need additional reinforcement bars 3𝜙16 /𝑚

Slab Resultant Y – Direction :

NO Need additional reinforcement bars 3𝜙16 /𝑚

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Comparison between Manual and SAFE Designs :

Direction Manual Design ( /m) SAFE Design ( /m)

X – Direction

Bottom, As 7𝜙16 6𝜙16

Top, As 5𝜙16 6𝜙16

Y – Direction

Bottom, As 6𝜙16 6𝜙16

Top, As 5𝜙16 6𝜙16

∴ use 6 𝜙16 /m All Raft (X & Y Direction ; TOP & BOTTOM)

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 Stairs design

GIVEN :-
𝑓′𝐶 = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎. 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 3 kN/𝑚2
Cover load on inclined slab = 1.5 kN/𝑚2 .
Cover load on horizontal slab = 1.5kN/𝑚2 .
Rise of each step = 150 mm.
Horizontal length of step = 300 mm.
SOLUTION.
Loads:
Load in the inclined part.
Assume thickness of stair = ℎ𝑠 = 200mm (on inclined
projection)
𝑠ℎ
The vertical thickness of stair slab =ℎ𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅

Where Ø is the angle of inclination of the stair

−1
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 −1
150
∅ = tan ( ) = tan ( ) = 26.57𝑜 .
𝑟𝑢𝑛 300
180
ℎ𝑣 = = 201.3𝑚𝑚.
cos 26.57
0.15
Slab load on inclined part = (0.2013 + ) ∗ 25 =
2
6.91kN/𝑚2 .
Cover load = 1.5kN/𝑚2 .
Total Deal Load = 6.91 + 1.5 = 8.41kN/𝑚2 .
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Live Load = 3kN/𝑚2 .
Factored load an inclined part.
𝑊𝑢1 = 1.2(8.41) + 1.6(3) = 14.892kN/𝑚2 .
For the two horizontal parts:
Assume thickness of slab = 180 mm.
Slab load = 0.18 ∗ 25 = 4.5kN/𝑚2 .
Cover load = 1.5kN/𝑚2 .
Total Dead Load = 4.5 + 1.5 = 6kN/𝑚2 .
Live Load= 3kN/𝑚2 .
Factored load on horizontal part:
𝑊𝑢2 = 1.2(6) + 1.6(3) = 12kN/𝑚2 .
Maximum Reaction
−13.92(5.78) − 45(3.7) − 26.4(1.1) + 𝐴𝑦 (6.36) = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 43.4kN →𝑅𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 43.4kN.
→ 𝐷𝑦 = (13.92 + 45 + 26.4) − 43.4 = 41.92kN
Solution by use (SAP 2000):-

Maximum moment in mid-span of stair slab

37
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 22.5(0.75) + 26.4(2.6) − 41.92(3.7) →
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 69.6kN. 𝑚.

Check of depth:
20
𝑑 = 180 − 20 − = 150𝑚𝑚.
2
𝑀𝑢 69.6∗106
𝑅𝑢 = 𝑏∗𝑑2 = 1000∗1502 = 3.093𝑀𝑃𝑎.From table
0.01 − 0.009
𝜌 = (( ) ∗ (3.093 − 2.14)) + 0.009 =
3.46 − 2.14
𝜌 = 0.009722. (use interpolation → Table B.2).
Reinforcement in the main direction (long):
𝐴𝑠 = 0.009722 ∗ 1000 ∗ 150 = 1459𝑚𝑚2 . Use
(6Ø19/m).
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.002 𝑥1000 𝑥150 = 300𝑚𝑚2 .
Reinforcement in the secondary direction (short):
𝐴𝑠′ = 0.2 ∗ 1459 = 292𝑚𝑚2 . Use (5Ø10/m)
Design of the horizontal external main beams:
This beam carries the load from the stair slab
Load from slab = Reaction on stair = 43,4 kN.
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Own weight of the beam (Sec= 250x600 mm):
= 0.25 ∗ (0.6 − 0.18) ∗ 25 = 2.63kN/𝑚.
Load of wall above beam:
= 0.25 ∗ 3 ∗ 16 = 12kN/𝑚.
Total lead on beam:
𝑊𝑢 = 43.4 + 1.2(2.63 + 12) = 61kN/𝑚
Maximum moment on the beam:
𝑊𝑢 ∗ 𝐿2 61 ∗ 4.12
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 128.18kN. 𝑚
8 8
Maximum shear:
𝑊𝑢 ∗ 𝐿 61 ∗ 4.1
𝑉𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 125.05kN
2 2
20
𝑑 = 600 − 16 − = 574𝑚𝑚.
2
𝑀𝑢 128.18 × 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.56𝑀𝑃𝑎.
𝑏 ∗ 𝑑2 250 ∗ 5742
𝑅𝑢 = 1.67𝑀𝑃𝑎.
0.005 − 0.004
→ 𝜌 = (( ) ∗ (1.56 − 1.46)) + 0.004 =
1.81 − 1.46
→
𝜌 = 0.0043𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛).
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.0043 ∗ 250 ∗ 563 = 607𝑚𝑚2 .
Use (4Ø14mm)→ 𝐴𝑠 = 616𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠′ = 0.2 ∗ 647 = 130𝑚𝑚2 .
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Use (2Ø12mm) → 𝐴𝑠 = 226𝑚𝑚2 .
Check of shear:
𝑉𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 125.05kN
𝑉𝑢 2.05 − 0.574
= → 𝑉𝑢 = 90
125.05 2.05
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ∗ ∗ √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ∗ ∗ √28 ∗ 250 ∗ 574 ∗ 103 = 94.92kN
6
∅𝑉𝑐 94.92
= = 47.46kN
2 2
∅𝑉𝑐
= 47.46𝐾𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢 = 90𝐾𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 94.92kN
2
→Provide minimum reinforcement.
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 79 ∗ 420
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 379𝑚𝑚
0.35 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 0.35 ∗ 250
𝑆 = 300𝑚𝑚 → 𝑢𝑠𝑒∅10@300𝑚𝑚 𝑐⁄𝑐 .

40