Reference: GTL-03-02

Engineering Standard
Preparation of Revision: 4
PFDs, P&IDs, MSDs etc.
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Contents

1 SCOPE 3
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 3
3 DEFINITIONS 3
3.1 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) 3
3.2 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) 3
3.3 Materials Selection Diagram (MSD) 3
3.4 Design Pressure and Temperature Diagram (DPTD) 3
4 PFD‟s 4
4.1 General 4
4.2 Equipment 5
4.3 Fluid Descriptions 6
5 DESIGN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE DIAGRAMS (DPTDS) 7
6 MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM (MSD) 7
7 HEAT AND MATERIAL BALANCES 8
8 P&ID‟s 9
8.1 General 9
8.2 Draughting Techniques 16
8.3 Equipment 16
8.4 Instrument Symbology 19
9 LINE CLASSIFICATION LIST 21
9.1 General 21
9.2 Data 21
10 Attachment 1 - PFD Symbology Sheet 25
11 Attachment 2 - P& I D Symbology Sheet 26

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PFDs, P&IDs, MSDs etc.
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1. SCOPE
The purpose of this document is to define the basic draughting parameters and
data requirements that shall be observed in the production of Process Flow
Diagrams (PFD‟s), Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID‟s) Material
Selection Diagrams (MSD‟s,) and Design Pressure and Temperature Diagrams,
(DPTD‟s), for the facilities associated with the Gas to Liquids Project. This
document does not cover the identification of reference numbers, line numbers or
instrumentation tags. Information regarding these items and other information
relevant to the production of these documents, will be found in those documents
listed in Paragraph 2 Reference Documents.

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

GTL-01-1 Site Conditions

GTL-02-1 Units of Measurement
GTL-02-2 Equipment, Flowline and Instrument Numbering
GTL-03-1 Drawing General Practice

3. DEFINITIONS
3.1. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
The PFD shows the basic process flow and only the equipment, piping,
instrumentation and other necessary data to enable the process to be
understood.
3.2. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
The P&ID shows the complete scope of equipment, instruments, piping and any
miscellaneous items, with corresponding data required for the mechanical design
of a particular unit. There are subdivisions of P&ID‟s as follows:

 Process Unit P&ID‟s – for a specific process unit e.g. syngas unit.
 Utility P&ID – for utility units e.g. waste treatment, cooling water.
 Distribution P&ID – for distribution of process or utility within a unit.
 Auxiliary P&ID – for the equipment piping and instrumentation associated with an
item of equipment such as a large compressor.
 Interconnecting P&ID – for process or utility lines between process units, offsites
or utility units.
 Package unit P&ID – provided by suppliers for major items of equipment.
 Symbology P&ID – displays the symbols and numbering conventions used in
the production of P&ID‟s.

3.3. Materials Selection Diagram (MSD)

The purpose of the MSD (or Material of Construction Flow Diagram MCFD) is to
define and clarify the selection of equipment and piping metallurgy and corrosion
allowances.
3.4. Design Pressure and Temperature Diagram (DPTD)
The DPTD provides information on the design and operating conditions, critical
lines, as well as short term upset conditions and cyclic service for equipment.

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 Reference: GTL-03-02
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PFDs, P&IDs, MSDs etc.
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4. PFD’S
4.1. General
The Process Flow Diagram shall show the basic process flow and only the
equipment, piping and instrumentation necessary for process clarity. Where
appropriate essential lines for start-up or catalysts activation/regeneration etc. will
be shown.

The drawing title block shall generally conform to the example provided in GTL-
03-1 Drawing General Practice. It is preferred that the symbology used should
conform to the example given in Attachment 1 but the standard symbology of the
engineering organisation producing the drawing may be used. However, the
following are requirements.

a) PFD‟s must be available as either AutoCAD® or 2D Microstation files.

b) The PFD shall normally be A3 size, and electronically reproducible by the
Contractor for final documentation purposes.
c) Redrawing by the Contractor of Licensor PFD's is to be avoided.
d) Equipment symbology is defined on the PFD symbology sheets. See
Attachment 1
e) Operating pressures, temperatures shall be shown at or around all major
items of equipment. Decimals shall only be used for these values when
they are the first or second significant figure. This shall include cooling
water inlet and outlet temperatures and other key utility streams.
f) Stream numbers referenced to the unit material balance shall be provided on
all streams necessary for the full understanding of the process. Mass
flows will be shown on all streams crossing to and from another PFD and
for non-process streams (such as steam and condensate) to the extent
necessary for an understanding of the material and heat balance of the
non-process system. (See also Paragraph 7, which relates to heat and
material balances).
g) Equipment data shall be shown as detailed in Paragraph 4.2.
h) The requirements for material balance data are detailed in Paragraph 7.
i) Within a unit, as far as practical, lines from a preceding diagram or from
another unit will enter from the left; lines to a following diagram or another
unit will exit to the right.
j) Lines entering or exiting a diagram will carry a fluid description as detailed in
Paragraph 4.3. The process flow diagram shall indicate the
origin/destination item number above the line and if entering/exiting
to/from another unit this will be shown below the line. The
originating/destination flow diagram number will be indicated at the
extremity of the line. The temperature, pressure and flowrate of all
streams entering or leaving at the unit battery limits shall be shown. It is
important that these data pertain to the battery limit boundary or
interconnecting flange, and not to a more remote point.
k) Main process lines shall be indicated in a heavier line weight.
l) Where units are provided as multiple identical parallel trains, flow diagrams for
only a single train will be required. If there are two parallel trains then
interconnectivity will be shown on the diagram but with the
originating/destination diagram shown as XXXX. (XXXX represents the
PFD for the parallel train but which will not be produced). Suitable
representation to show train manifolding is required.

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m) Certain lines entering/exiting the drawing will stop „on diagram‟ and not
enter/leave the sides of the drawing, e.g. utilities such as cooling water,
and lines such as „TO FLARE‟ and „WATER TO SEWER‟.
n) Destination sewers shall be clearly identified.
o) Duplicate pieces of equipment, i.e. spare pumps and heat exchangers with
more than one shell, are not shown but are identified by item number only.
Indicate with a note if spare equipment is common with other duties and
has a different driver type from the operating equipment.
p) Control instrumentation shall only be shown to the extent necessary for a
basic understanding of the unit operation. Block valves will not be shown,
if there are alternate flow routings then the non-normal routing will be
flagged as Normally No Flow (NNF).
q) Systems requiring heat tracing shall be identified on the PFD by using either a
Note or some appropriate symbology.

4.2. Equipment
4.2.1. Data Position
Vessel tag numbers, together with service description and overall dimensions
(diameter and T/T in mm) will be shown across the top of the diagram. The
vessel tag number will also be shown adjacent to the item.

For all other equipment types the tag number, service description, and duty will
be shown adjacent to the item. The required duty data is detailed below.
4.2.2. Vessels and Columns
Vessels and column are to be presented in relative sizes. Trays are numbered
from bottom to top. The only trays shown are those at top and bottom and those
that locate process lines for feed and draw-off. Internals, catalyst beds, packed
sections, demister sections, etc. are to be shown.

The tag number and service description shall be shown together with the
operating pressure and temperature for each vessel. In the case of towers or
other instances where sufficient variations exist, indicate the temperature and/or
pressure for both the top and the bottom. Located as detailed above, provide
equipment data for each vessel and column. Vessel tag numbers, service
description and overall dimensions (diameter and T/T in mm).
4.2.3. Pumps
Under each pump, the following shall be listed.
Tag Number
Service Description
Design Capacity (m3/hr or l/hr) and
Differential Pressure (bar).
4.2.4. Compressors
The compressor symbol shall be repeated for each stage of a multistage
compressor along with intercoolers. For the overall compressor duty, the
following shall be listed below the equipment.
Tag Number
Service Description
Design Capacity (Am3/hr at suction conditions)

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Differential Pressure (bar).

For each compression stage and intercooler, the tag number and service
description shall be indicated. Equipment associated with steam turbine drivers
shall be shown on the PFD eg vacuum condenser, condensate drum, pump,
vacuum equipment etc.
4.2.5. Heat Exchangers
Under each exchanger, the following shall be listed.
Tag Number
Service Description
Duty (kW or MW) – this is to be the normal operating duty.

The process flow diagram should show the number of shells and indicate the
shellside and tubeside fluids.
4.2.6. Fired Heaters
For each fired heater duty, the following shall be listed.
Tag Number
Service Description
Duty (kW or MW) – this is to be the normal absorbed operating duty.

The process flow diagram should show the heating medium and process piping
for one pass only.
4.2.7. Other Equipment
To be agreed on a case by case basis.
4.3. Fluid Descriptions
The following fluid description shall be used.

Water / Steam / Condensate / BFW

MP Steam MP BFW Water

HP Steam HP BFW Wash Water
S/H MP Steam MP Condensate Wash Water Make-up
S/H HP Steam HP Condensate

Hydrocarbon Descriptions

Recycle Gas Recycle Bottoms Hydrocarbon Condensate

Natural Gas HP Separator Gases Naphtha Stabiliser Feed
Reactor Product Loop Purge GTL Fuel
Wax Slops LP Separator Bottoms Naphtha
Product Wax Off-Spec GTL Fuel Recycle Stabilised Condensate
Fuel Gas PWU Gas Waxy Condensate

Offsites / Utility Descriptions

LP Nitrogen HP Nitrogen Drain to

Oxygen Blowdown Oxygenates
Back-up Air Hydrogen

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Cooling Water Raw Water Firewater

Instrument Air Plant Air Aqueous Effluent

5. DESIGN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE DIAGRAMS (DPTDS)

The DPTD shall be produced from a copy of the process flow diagrams and shall
include the following.

 Design and operating conditions for all equipment.

 Unusual circumstances which affect the design conditions such as short term
upset conditions or activation/regeneration cycles.
 Critical lines eg lines subject to two-phase flow, slugging, surge, etc.
 Inlet and outlet conditions for lines associated with heat exchangers.
 Pressure relief services and set pressures.
 High integrity trip systems where these determine the design conditions.
 By-passes with block valves where these set design conditions.
 ESD valves and other design features where they are useful in making clear
the basis for design conditions or where they form break points.

These summary diagrams are a preferred deliverable. However, they are not
mandatory if not part of the design engineer‟s normal practice, provided the
equivalent information is incorporated on the equipment list and line lists.

The following nomenclature shall be adopted for the DPTDs.

Operating Pressure

Design Pressure

Operating Temperature

Design Temperature

Further sets of design conditions may be added using the symbol below. This
symbol may show:
1. Vacuum design pressure and coincident temperature
2. Minimum design temperature and coincident pressure
3. Any other sets of conditions

The appropriate cause of these conditions should be noted eg fire,

autorefrigeration, regeneration etc.

Pressure Temperature

6. MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM (MSD)

The MSD provides information on the selected materials of construction.

The MSD shall be produced from a copy of the process flow diagrams and will
include the base materials, linings, corrosion allowances, and cladding

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thicknesses for each piece of equipment and piping. The equipment material
description shall be semi-detailed, eg. for a shell and tube heat exchanger - the
shell, tubes, tube sheets and bonnets shall be separately specified. For pumps
the seal plan and seal type shall be included. Mass and energy balance points
shall also be included. In addition, metallurgical requirements appropriate to the
type of plant involved, which affect the performance of the plant, must be
established and noted on the MSD. Examples of these are specific grades of
material, heat treatment, hardness limits for welds, compositional requirements,
chemical resistance testing, HIC testing etc.

As a basis for material selection, consideration must be given to the following

aspects.
Stream data. At each mass and energy balance point.
Client requirements for plant design life.
Design and operating temperatures and pressures.
Ambient and auto-refrigeration temperatures/pressures.
Duration and influence of short term abnormal conditions on corrosion propensity
if relevant.
Physical or chemical information not normally shown in stream data, e.g. Chloride
concentration, pH, traces of caustic, H2S content, other contaminants etc.
Features and dimensions of equipment and piping.
Previous experience data from other units or Process Licensor.

MSD‟s shall form part of the final project documentation and may be combined
with DPTD‟s.

7. HEAT AND MATERIAL BALANCES

For each licensed process unit (i.e. not utilities, offsites or proprietary units) a
material balance shall be provided for all streams tagged on the PFD to a level of
detail required for a full understanding of the process, and for the design of other
units and/or facilities.

Material balances should be generated for applicable operating and design cases
(i.e. various flow cases, variations in feed and product definition due to catalyst
ageing, etc) to allow for a proper understanding of the controlling cases for
equipment selection and sizing. The various material balance cases shall be
clearly identified.

Material balances shall be provided for each operating/design case.

The Material Balance is a tabulated breakdown of the various components of

each process stream shown on the PFD. The Material Balance may be shown
on the PFD or on a separate page. The following tabulation indicates the typical
data to be shown in the Material Balance Table.

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Stream Number
Stream Name
Simulation Stream
Flow (kg/hr)
Flow (kmol/hr)
Pressure (barg)
Temperature (°C)
Flow (Nm³/hr)
Flow (m³/hr) at O.T.
Mole Fraction Vapour
Density (kg/m³)
Viscosity (cP)
Molecular Weight
Composition MW Kg/hr Kgmol/hr

Total

The material balance shall be provided as hard copy and as a Spreadsheet file
for each revision and case issued. Note that the material balance is an integral
part of the PFD but can be shown on separate A4 sheets.

A tabulated list of thermodynamic and transport properties of selected streams

that cross the battery limits of a particular process unit shall be provided. This will
particularly apply in those cases where the composition of streams as per the
Material Balance Table is not fully representative of the actual stream
composition (i.e. where the stream composition as listed are merely used for
process simulation purposes).

8. P&ID’S
8.1. General
P&IDs shall be produced using an Intergraph system.

P&ID's shall be prepared using the standard symbols as detailed on the P&ID
symbology drawings and Attachment 2.

Equipment shall be spaced so that further detailing will not be crowded,

remembering that P&ID's must be legible at a reduced size of A3 when all the
intelligence levels (if used) are turned on. Experience has shown that 3 items of
equipment (or a maximum of 4 items) can be displayed on one P&ID without it
appearing excessively crowded.

If any special attention in piping layout and design is required, special notes shall
be made on the P&ID's. For example, if a valve is required to be located against
a vessel nozzle, it shall be so stated on the P&ID. Particular attention shall be
paid to the sequence of take - offs of several lines from headers when the
sequence is important from a process standpoint. Appropriate notes shall be
added to clarify these conditions. Notes such as "slope" "symmetrical piping" and
“Min” (Minimum distance) are commonly required.

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Where the elevation is critical to the process, the minimum elevation shall be
specified at the lower tangent line of all vertical vessels, at the bottom of all
horizontal vessels and other equipment items. Where several items are
interrelated, with respect to elevation, the minimum elevation will be noted for
only one of the items and dimensions used to show the relationship with the other
items.

Tankage, blending, pumphouse and other similar areas containing equipment

shall generally be presented on a schematic basis with the tanks shown in
elevations.

Auxiliary P&ID's shall be prepared for rotating equipment such as compressors,

turbines, pumps, and centrifuges where equipment is sufficiently complicated to
warrant this treatment.

Alternatively the auxiliary piping and any details or tabulations required, may be
shown on the Process Unit or Utility P&ID's if space is available.

The Auxiliary P&ID's shall show auxiliary equipment, utility piping etc. and the
following information:-

Piping, instrumentation etc. to be supplied by Contractor and cross references to the

vendor's terminal connection designation.

The foregoing treatment is also applicable to other complicated equipment where

multiple connections to Contractor designed services would obscure the Process
Unit P&ID.

Interconnecting P&ID's shall be shown geographically based on the overall Plot

Plan, (they need not be to scale). All piping shall be indicated and shall be
shown in accordance with the actual and/or planned piping routings. Individual
battery limit areas shall be shown along with complete definition of all lines
(service, size, number, pipe specifications, tracing and insulation requirements).
Offsite piping shall receive its own identification. In addition, other facilities
served by the interconnecting piping network shall also be shown. These
facilities might include Tankage, Cooling Tower, Flare, Shipping and Receiving
Facilities

Contractor P&ID's shall indicate the package unit by enclosing the appropriate
part of the P&ID concerned with a dash - double dot boundary line to show the
exact scope of supply. The space enclosed will state the package unit tag
number and the titles of all equipment included with the supplier‟s name and
drawing number. Individual numbers will not be given to the various components
of a package unless there are particular requirements to do so ie. each item has
a separate electrical supply, separate foundation etc.

All equipment outside the dash - double dot line shall be supplied by Contractor
except where the letter (v) is shown in brackets against items supplied by the
supplier.

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The suppliers P&ID shall be marked up by Contractor to show:-

Package unit tag number

Tag numbers of all equipment (where allocated) and instruments

Drawing number allocated by Contractor

The letters "C" in brackets shown against any items supplied by Contractor

Any other comments required to bring the P&ID into line with Contractor
standards

The supplier‟s P&ID shall be issued and distributed exactly as if it were the
Contractor P&ID.

8.1.1. Lines
8.1.2. General
Main Process lines are indicated by a heavy line. The heavy line should break
when passing through equipment such as fired heater passes and should only be
shown heavy to and from the primary item, not the spare.
8.1.3. Numbers
The line numbering, as described in GTL-02-2 Equipment, Flowline and
Instrument Numbering, and whether traced shall be indicated for each line on the
P&ID‟s. Insulation Codes shall be as shown on the symbology drawings.

The assignment of line numbers shall be based upon good judgement. The
formulation of a fixed set of rules is difficult, but the key criterion shall be that the
P&ID's shall be clear to all interested parties. Too many line numbers will result
in confusion while too few numbers will result in inefficient drafting, fabrication
and erection operations. A given number shall remain the same regardless of
any size or specification change in the line. All sizes and specifications of a given
line shall be shown on the Line Classification List. In accordance with the
foregoing concept, individual numbers shall be assigned to only the following
lines:

a) Process Lines

1. Each complete run between equipment items. Note: Branches from multiple
nozzles on the same piece of equipment, or a line from two or more related
equipment items in parallel, shall have the same number as the basic line
between items.

2. Lines between units and between P&IDs on the same unit shall be numbered
from the source and shall use the same number on the continuation P&ID.

3. Branch lines from one of the above mentioned lines to another unrelated line
or equipment item.

4. Bypass or jump over lines around one or more equipment items .

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b) Header Lines

1. Main header, including size and/or specification changes on run.

2. Sub-headers serving different areas of plot.

3. Branches from headers or sub-headers serving several pieces of equipment,

or several unrelated services.

4. Ultimate branches and local headers supplying or collecting from a separate

and distinct user or source.

c) Miscellaneous Lines

1. Vents to atmosphere.

2. Drains to sewer.

3. Relief valve discharges to atmosphere, open sewer, etc.

Miscellaneous Connections to Equipment which are short, e.g. vent and drain
connections, need only be given size and Piping Material Specification. It may be
necessary during piping detailing to allocate line numbers where piping runs are
longer than anticipated.

A line number, once deleted, shall not be re-used.

The line classification list shall continue to carry the serial number only (no size or
specification) marked "Deleted".

Lines added after the first release of the Line Classification List shall be listed at
the end of the series, regardless of flow sequence.

8.1.4. Continuation
A line entering or leaving a unit or battery limits shall be terminated at the top or
the bottom of the P&ID, whichever is the nearer, at a box that defines the unit or
battery limit to which it is going.

A line that is continued on an adjacent P&ID shall be terminated at the side of the
P&ID. If the P&ID that the line is going to is a higher number, the line shall go to
the right and if it is a lower number it shall go to the left. A line shall terminate at
a border reference number on one P&ID and shall start at the same border
reference number on the adjacent P&ID. If a line is not continued on the adjacent
P&ID, but on a P&ID within the unit it shall terminate at an arrowed flag with a
reference to the P&ID on which it is continued. It shall terminate to the left or the
right depending whether the P&ID to which it is going is a lower or higher number.
The line shall terminate on the same border reference number on both P&ID's.

A line that is continued on to a utility/services distribution P&ID may terminate at

a square box enclosing a number denoting the appropriate system. The number
assigned to each utility is given on the P&ID symbology drawings.

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8.1.5. Reducers
The reducer symbol shall not be shown on the P&ID where the need for a
reduction in size (including reducing flange, reducing fitting or swage) is evident.
For example, there is no need to show reducer symbols for the following cases:

a) The junction of two different size lines.

b) At an item of equipment where both the size of the nozzle and the line size
are already shown.

In some cases, confusion can be avoided if reducer symbols are shown on the
P&ID. At pump suction and discharge lines flow orifices, etc. a reducer symbol
shall be indicated so that the exact location of the reducer will not be in doubt.

Since the pressure drop through a reducer does not normally constitute a
substantial loss in the piping system, the selection of the reducer shall be dictated
by the economics of the piping design. When the pressure drop is a factor the
Process Engineer shall indicate on the P&ID's the acceptable method of
reduction.

8.1.6. Specification Changes

For lines with check valves such as utility connections to higher pressure process
lines the spec. change should include the upstream block valve (unless there is a
permanent blind and/or bleed).

A1 B1

Where lines change from above ground to underground they shall be indicated
thus:-

A/G U/G
1

8.1.7. Spectacle Blinds

If a spectacle blind is required on a flanged valve it should be shown thus:-

If a socket weld valve is used it should be shown thus:-

Alternative
Position

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8.1.8. Utility Headers

Utility headers are not normally shown on the Process Unit/Utility P&ID's. A line
to or from a header shall be terminated with a number enclosed in a square. The
number assigned to each utility is given on the symbology drawings. When a
header serves only two or three users within a unit and can be shown with the
correct sequence of branches, it shall be completely shown on the Process
Unit/Utility P&ID.

Each utility unit shall have one Distribution P&ID showing the
distribution/collection of each type of utility it generates or processes to/from a
single header for each process/utility unit or train.

Within each process/utility unit the distribution/collection of utilities to/from

individual users shall be shown on a series of Distribution P&ID‟s.

The headers, sub-headers and branches are to be shown geographically (to the
Plot Plan layout) but not necessarily to scale. A listing of the services displayed
should be placed in the title block of each Distribution P&ID.
8.1.8.1. Nomenclature
With the exception of sewer connections to which there is not normally a
Distribution P&ID, all other utility box numbers are intended to show a
continuation on to a Distribution P&ID. Therefore connections which go to
atmosphere or come from instrument air should not be given continuation boxes
since they do not continue on to Distribution P&ID's.

8.1.8.2. Use of Utility Boxes

Minor utility connections such as cooling water, seal oil, quench steam to pumps
etc. should not be shown on the Process Unit/Utility P&ID. It is sufficient to show
the box reference entry and to show the take off on the distribution P&ID. (Note
that cooling water return might be contaminated and may not be returnable).

8.1.9. Relief Valve Hook-ups

Generally relief valves (with spares) going to flare with a by-pass are as shown
on the symbology drawings.

Note: The Spec Break should not be shown at the PSV

8.1.10. Control Sets

Generally control valve sets shall be indicated as shown on the symbology
drawings.

8.1.11. Flanges
Flanges are not normally shown on P&ID's. There are, however, some
exceptions:-

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1. Removable Spool Pieces

2 Blanked Flanges on Headers or Vessels

3.Swing Elbows

4. Blinds in Welded Specs

5. Temporary Strainers TS

6. Orifice Plates

7. Contractor/Vendor Breaks
(C) (V)

8. Safety Related Isolation Points

Equipment Nozzle

Note: Equipment Nozzles are as described in paragraph 8.3.1

8.1.12. Piping Vent and Drains

Only process vents and drains shall be shown on P&ID's. Hydrostatic test vents
and drains shall not be shown. Where possible vents and drains shall be
diagrammatically correct, i.e. vents on top of a horizontal line, drains below. If the
line is depicted vertically on the P&ID 'V' or 'D' should be shown against the
valve. Only show a blind flange for flanged valves where a blind flange is
necessary.
8.1.13. Equipment Vents and Drains
8.1.13.1. Pumps
Where pump casings require vents and drains they shall be shown. Casing vents
and drains for pumps handling toxic materials shall discharge to a closed system.
Casing vents and drains for pumps in non-volatile or non-hazardous service shall
be blanked. Refer to the Effluent Drainage Philosophy for details of pump casing
and baseplate drainage provisions.

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8.1.13.2. Other Equipment

Drains and vents including sewer hubs for all other equipment shall be fully
indicated.
8.2. Draughting Techniques
Refer also to GTL-03-1 Drawing General Practice.

In general, all piping lines shall be spaced a minimum of 7mm apart. The type of
lines to be used on P&ID's shall be as indicated on the P&ID symbology
drawings.

Flow arrows on lines shall be clear, distinct and shown sufficiently frequently to
readily indicate direction of flow, but need not be shown on each occasion where
lines change direction and at junctions.

The revisions to all P&ID‟s on one unit shall be synchronised. i.e all P&ID‟s for
one unit shall be at the same revision at all times.
8.3. Equipment
8.3.1. Equipment Details
Equipment internals shall be shown in full light lines. Details of internals that
have no significant bearing on the piping design and layout shall be omitted.

If the nozzle at an item of equipment (vessel, pump, exchanger, etc.) is line size,
agrees with the Piping Material Specification, and has no special isolation
features, then the flange shall not be shown. If the equipment nozzle is not line
size or does not follow the Piping Material Specification, then the P&ID shall be
noted per the following:

1. Indicate flanges by use of a double straight line and note the different size
and/or flange rating.

2. If the nozzle is not flanged, indicate appropriately the different size and/or the
deviation from the Piping Material Specification.

Where equipment is complicated, nozzles may be numbered using the same

numbering system as used on the Process Data Sheet, and vessel drawing.

Manways and hand-holes on equipment shall be indicated on the P&ID's. Skirts

or other equipment supports shall be shown.

Normal liquid level as well as alarm and trip levels for low and high liquid levels in
vessels shall be indicated.

All vessels, all types of heat exchangers and pumps shall be assigned a trim
specification. It shall be stated on the P&ID immediately below the equipment
number.

The trim specification number shall contain the piping material specification for all
of the equipment flange nozzles and manways followed by the insulation and
tracing requirements.

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For example:-

V-2564
Trim Spec. A1A1-ST

Should a particular item of equipment have two applicable trim specifications then
both trim specifications shall be stated under the equipment number and the
specification break clearly identified on the equipment as depicted on the P&ID.
8.3.2. Equipment Data
Refer to GTL-02-1 Units of Measurement.

In addition to the item number and service description, the following data is to be
shown for equipment items:

Vessels
 Size (ID x T-T)
 Design Pressure and Temperature

Pumps
 Design flow and pressure
 Operating flow and pressure
 Power at Speed

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

 Design Duty
 Operating Duty
 Shell Design Temperature and Pressure
 Tube Design Temperature and Pressure
 Shell Operating Temperature and Pressure
 Tube Operating Temperature and Pressure

Compressors
 Design and Operating Capacities
 Suction and Discharge Pressures

Tanks
 Size (ID x Height)
 Capacity

Pressurised Storage Tanks

 Size
 Capacity
 Design Temp and Pressure
 Operating Temp and Pressure

Airfin Cooler
 Design and Operating Duty
 Design and Operating pressure
 Power at Speed

Filter

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 Capacity
 Design Pressure and Temperature
 Design Differential Pressure

Dehydration System
 Capacity
 Design Regeneration Duty

Drier
 Capacity
 Design Temperature and Pressure
 Operating Temperature and Pressure

Turbine
 Power at Speed

Tower/Column
 Size (ID x T-T)
 Design Temperature and Pressure
 Operating Temperature and Pressure

Fired Heater
 Design Duty
 Operating Duty
 Design Temperature and Pressure
 Operating Temperature and Pressure

Generator
 Capacity (KW at Speed)

Motor
 Capacity (KW at Speed)

Boiler
 Capacity
 Design Temperature and Pressure
 Operating Temperature and Pressure

Gas or Diesel Engine

 Power (KW at Speed)

Crane
 Size (ID x Height) if pedestal
 Capacity

Flare
 Capacity
 Size (ID x Height)

Package Units
 Capacity

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8.4. Instrument Symbology

8.4.1. General
The design intent of the control and shutdown system should be clear from the
P&ID drawings. It is the function of the instrumentation symbology to convey the
design intent in a clear and concise way.

The instrument symbology shall follow the ISA S5.1 and S5.3 standards.
8.4.2. P&ID Symbology
The following is the general standard that will be followed:-

 Transmitters will be shown on the P&ID.

 Primary measuring elements will only be shown to indicate type of instrument.
Flow elements will use the ISA symbology.
 For temperatures the temperature element (TE) and thermowell (TW) will not
be shown. The temperature transmitter will be shown. The type of
temperature measuring element will be shown by the abbreviations TC, RTD
etc.
 For level instruments the transmitter will be shown and the type will be written
under the transmitter (Radar, disp etc).
 Current to pneumatic converters (I/P‟s) will not be shown on the P&ID.
 Solenoids and the method of reset will be shown.
8.4.3. Complex Control Loops, Logic and Sequencing
Complex control loops shall be shown as a block on the P&ID. The input and
output signals to the complex control shall be shown. The block will supply a
short description of the intended functionality as well as a reference number
where a complete description can be found.

Simple logic shall be shown on the P&ID. Simple logic for this project is defined
as a maximum of three signals using more than two standard logic blocks (and,
or etc) to show the intent.

More complex logic shall be shown as a block. The block shall contain a short
description of the functionality as well as a reference number as to where the
complete logic can be found.

All sequences will be considered as complex logic and will be referenced on the
P&ID and described in a separate document.
8.4.4. Tagging Philosophy
Signals to the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) with a Safety Integrity Level
(SIL) rating will have a X in the Tag number following the measured variable. For
example a flow transmitter that has a SIL level will be indicated as FXT instead of
a normal flow transmitter that will be only FT. Similarly a level switch will be
tagged LXSLL instead of LSLL. All signals with SIL ratings will go to the SIS.
Note however that not all signals that go to the SIS will have SIL ratings.
Examples will be remote reset for trips and control signals that forms part of a
sequencing system.

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8.4.5. SIS/PLC Symbology

Two catagories of PLC‟s may be encountered in the plant. The first is the safety
rated PLC used as the plant SIS system. The second is a standard PLC used for
stand-alone packages, process interlocks or sequencing.

The ISA symbology does not distinguish between the two catagories of systems.

To prevent confusion on the P&ID the following convention shall be used.

The standard ISA symbol shall be used to describe the Safety PLC (SIS).

Functions in a non SIS PLC will be described by the standard ISA symbol with
the definition of a block on the top right hand side with PLC (or other
identification) written in it to distinguish it from the SIS functionality. See below
for the difference between the SIS and normal PLC symbol.

Signal to safety related PLC (SIS)

PLC

Signal to normal non-safety related PLC

8.4.6. Alarm Software Switch Symbol

The DCS is the main alarm display for SIS alarms. The SIS is linked to the DCS
by communication links. If a SIS function has an alarm, and the alarm needs to
be displayed in the DCS, it is not required to show the soft-link from the SIS to the
DCS and the additional DCS symbology block (A similar approach may also be
followed for some package PLC‟s). If the alarm goes to a stand-alone
annunciator it will be indicated separately.

All alarms will be indicated by the appropriate AL, ALL, AH, AHH etc. Alarm
indicators shown outside the DCS/SIS symbology block.

The functionality of switches (L, LL, H, HH etc) will also be shown outside the
symbology blocks as with the alarms.

Examples:-

LXS SIS symbol indicating LSLL functionality in the SIS with

no alarms in the control room
LL

SIS symbol indicating LSLL functionality in the SIS

and a Low - Low (LL) Alarm in the DCS. Note the
LXS LL description shows the functionality of the switch
ALL and the ALL indicates an alarm in the DCS
LL

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DCS Controller with both high and low software alarms

AH
FIC

AL
9. LINE CLASSIFICATION LIST
9.1. General
The line classification list will be prepared and issued together with each revision
of the P&ID‟s for a unit.
9.2. Data
Operating and Design data for Utility and Distribution systems shall be consistent
with the data given in GTL-04-1 Process Design Basis.

The following data shall be shown as a minimum on the line list in accordance
with the subsequent notes.

 Line number
 From
 To
 Fluid
 Operating Pressure
 Operating Temperature
 Nominal Pipe Size
 Piping Material Class
 Pipe Wall Thickness
 Design Pressure
 Design Temperature
 Criticality Rating
 Paint Code
 Test Pressure
 Test Pressure Type
 Insulation Code
 Insulation thickness
 P&ID Number
 Remarks
9.2.1. Operating Temperature
This is the maximum continuous operating temperature for hot services or
minimum for cold services. Short term upset conditions shall not be stated (see
design temperature). Where two or more different operating conditions occur in a
line then each set of conditions shall be given. (See example)

Line Operating Design Notes

No Temperature Pressure Temperature Pressure
0101 100/200 5.0 200/250 5.8 Note 1
0102 200 5.0 250 5.8

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Note 1. Higher temperatures occur downstream of junction with Line 0102.

9.2.2. Operating Pressure
This is the normal operating pressure of connected equipment. Allowance for
pressure drop and static head need not be made unless significant. This will
usually occur at control valves where there will be a significant change in the
normal operating pressure or for bottom draw-off from towers or for offsites lines
coming from tankage.
9.2.3. Design Temperature
The design temperature is the material temperature representing the most severe
condition of coincident pressure and temperature. Normally this will be the
maximum design temperature of connected equipment.

This rule will require a certain amount of interpretation, e.g.

1. Where lines are connected to heat exchangers which heat the fluid do not use
the exchanger design temperature for the inlet line, use the design
temperature of the upstream equipment.

2. Similarly for outlet lines connected to heat exchangers which cool the process
stream use the design temperature of the downstream equipment.

3. For lines connected to columns use the column design temperature for bottom
draw-off line only. Design temperature for feed lines should be determined
from upstream equipment. Overhead and sidestream draw-off should be
determined from downstream equipment.

4. Design Temperatures shall be calculated in line with GTL-05-1 Engineering

Design Guidelines.

5. There may be conditions such as start-up, catalyst regeneration etc. which will
result in a temperature higher than normal for a sustained period, but at a
pressure lower than design. If this situation occurs both sets of coincident
conditions shall be shown and will be considered for stress analysis.

6. Note:- For uninsulated piping containing fluids other than category M fluids
where the design conditions fall just outside of a pressure class, a reduction
in design temperature as permitted by ANSI B31.3 Paragraph 301.3.1 may be
considered.

7. Electrically traced lines shall have the minimum maintained temperature

shown. Steam traced lines shall indicate the number of tracers required,
obtained from the project steam tracing specification.

8. For minimum temperatures it is necessary to consider low ambient

temperature and auto refrigeration. The low ambient temperature for design
will be taken from GTL-01-1 Site Conditions.

9. Autorefrigeration requires special consideration and the Process Group or

Licensor shall provide an Atmospheric Flash Temperature. This information
shall be recorded on the Process Data Sheet for equipment and the DPTD for
piping. The design conditions for each specific autorefrigeration case shall be

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determined in consultation with others such as the OWNER or Statutory

Authority.

The lower design temperature and pipe specification shall be recorded on the line
list.
9.2.4. Design Pressure
The design pressure shall not be less than the pressure at the most severe
condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature expected
during operation. The design pressure shall be the maximum of:-

1. Design pressure of connected equipment.

2. Set pressure of PSV protecting the system.

3. Pump shut-off pressure for centrifugal pumps when not protected by a PSV.

4. Pump discharge pressure (at overspeed for turbine driven centrifugal pumps).

Note:- In all cases check to ensure that hydraulic heads have been included.
9.2.5. Field Test Pressure
Field Test Pressure shall be defined as the maximum hydrostatic test pressure
allowed by the weakest part of the system under test. Special consideration shall
be given to any connections to existing systems where test pressures may be
affected by reduced corrosion allowances of existing piping etc.

Since the extent of the system and the equipment to be included in the test are
only known at the end of construction, the test pressure can only be decided in
the field. Test pressures will not normally be entered in the line list except that in
the case of lines with calculated wall thickness the maximum test pressure will be
provided by the Piping Stress Group and will be added to the line list.

Unless noted in the pipe specification wall thickness chart as “calculated”, the
weakest part of the pipe line will be taken as the flanges. (This is because all pipe
wall thicknesses shown are based on full flange rating unless otherwise
specified).
9.2.6. Critical Lines
Critical lines that require special attention over and above routine engineering
practice shall be flagged in the Line Classification List with a criticality code.

Three types of criticality coding shall be used to denote lines deemed critical for
Process (coding C), Technological (coding T) or Piping (coding P) purposes.
There shall be subdivisions, eg, P1, P2 etc, within each criticality coding type.
The tables for all codes shall be developed during detailed engineering and
included in the legend associated with the Line Classification Lists.

Commissioning Group or Licensor shall also identify precommissioning activities

eg. chemical cleaning, passivation and any other specialist activity with an
appropriate code, which shall be entered.

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In cases where the issues of criticality are covered entirely within a pipe class, or
a plant-wide specification or instruction, such lines shall not be flagged as critical
in the Line Classification List.

Criticality codes shall be identified and flagged as early as possible. All criticality
codes shall be identified and shown in the Revision A Line Classification List.
9.2.7. Wall Thickness
The Line Classification List shall show the wall thickness of all lines where the
thickness is not given in the Piping Material Specifications. The wall thickness of
piping not covered by piping specifications shall be calculated by the Piping
Stress Group and passed to the Process Engineer. This information shall be
uses in the calculation of test pressures.
9.2.8. PWHT
When piping covered by a Piping Material Specification must have Post Weld
Heat Treatment (PWHT), the abbreviation PWHT shall be noted as a criticality
code in the criticality code column.
9.2.9. Piping Material Specification
Based upon the Materials of Construction Review and the Pressure/Temperature
Review, the appropriate specifications for each line shall be selected from a
series of Standard Piping Material (See GTL-51-2 "Piping Material Specification"
for a list of available standard piping specifications).

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10. ATTACHMENT 1 – P F D SYMBOLOGY SHEET

Rotary (Gear Type) Centrifugal Submersible Fan or Blower

Reciprocating Pump
Pump Pump Pump

M=Electric Motor
D=Diesel Engine
Centrifugal Screw Reciprocating Turbine/Expander G=Gas Engine
Compressor Compressor Air Compressor

Silencer

Air Cooled Shell and Tube Heat

Exchanger Exchangers
Filter Fired Heater

Atmospheric Cone Roof Floating Roof

Vertical Pressure Horizontal Pressure Chemical Storage Tank Storage Tank
Vessel Pressure Vessel Tank

M
Valve Tray
Sieve Tray
Agitator
Chimney Tray
Bubble Cap Tray
Packing for Oil Drum
Tower Internals

Demister Flare Oil Skimmer

Heating Coil Desuperheater Package Box

Sump

Pressure Relief or
Control Valves Safety Valve
Ejectors, Injectors Conventional Spring Type Cooling Tower
Eductors, venturies

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11. ATTACHMENT 2 – P & I D SYMBOLOGY SHEET

P&ID symbology shall conform to BS1553 Part 1 1977 with the following
exceptions.
Basic Symbols may be used on PFDs but not on P&IDs when an alternative more
explicit symbol is available.
For more explicit details see the Project P&ID Symbology Sheets, which take
precedence over this standard.
03

BS Paragraph Description BS Symbol Project Symbol

No
3.3.16 Motor M M

MM M=Electric Motor
D=Diesel Engine
G=Gas Engine
Auxilliaries to be shown
separately
4.1.1 Pipeline Lesser line to be broken
crossing

4.1.2 Pipelines
Connected

Never
4.1.3 Heated/Cooled
Lines
4.1.9 Line Size
150 Use Line number

4.1.10 Indication of fall

FALL 1:60 Slope

4.1.14 Pipe Bore Concentric Eccentric

Change

4.2.1 Butt Weld

4.2.9 Flanged and

Bolted
With requisite insert

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4.5.7 Check Valve

4.5.12 Flange Valves

BS 1553 Alternative version

4.5.13 Butterfly Valve

4.5.20 Plug Valve

4.9.Series Sensing Use ISA symbology.

Elements for
Measurement
and Control

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5.2 Series Vessels and Show grade skirts support

Tanks skirts and internals as
below. Identify trays as
Attachment 1

Demister

Trays
Spray
Packing

Supports

Vortex
Breaker

Grade Skirt

HHLL

HLL
Liquid Level
NLL Indication

LLL

LLLL

5.3.1 Centrifugal Centrifugal

Pump or Pump
Centrifugal Fan Centrifugal
Fan/Blower
5.3.3 Centrifugal
Pump
(Submerged
Suction)

5.3.5 Positive
Displacement
Pump
(reciprocating) M

5.8.1 Electric Motor See 3.3.16 above

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5.8.2 Reciprocating See 3.3.16 above

Engine

6.0 Heating and Not to be used on P&IDs

Ventilating
Complete series

Fire Fighting equipment shown on P&IDs shall be in accordance with BS 1635:1990 except
as shown above for valves and below for equipment.

3.108 Pillar Hydrant Must show valve position

Double series

Combination
hydrant and
monitor

Foam Monitor

Fixed Water
Monitor

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