A new dimension for ground engineering from

• Self-drilling, caseless installation

• Suits all ground conditions

• Rapid, effective ground and

structural stabilisation
 Titan injection anchors

Devised by Ernst Ischebeck in 1983, Ischebeck

Titan’s ground engineering solutions provide
engineers in the construction and civil engineering
industries with a new dimension in structural and
geotechnical reinforcement, retention and
stabilisation techniques.

Ischebeck Titan’s ground engineering solutions

utilise a hollow steel bar, which has a continuous
thread running along its external wall. A suitable drill
bit is fitted to the end of the bar to penetrate the
structure or material requiring stabilisation and a drill
rig is used to install the bar into the desired position.
Grout is injected through the hollow bar and ejected
from apertures in the drill bit. Pressure then forces
the grout back along the outside of the bar to form a
strong, monolithic stabilising structure.

Ischebeck Titan’s ground engineering techniques

provide solutions for anchor, soil nail, pile or rock
bolt applications, with a wide variety of bar sizes,
drill bits and accessories available to suit every
Production benefits
requirement.
• Single caseless operation significantly improves
The versatility of the Ischebeck Titan solution is productivity
evident in the number and variety of projects on • Suitable for difficult and restricted access
which it has been used, often providing a more situations
economic, efficient and effective alternative to • Ability to use smaller drilling rigs reduces
traditional construction and engineering methods. mobilisation costs
This brochure details the principles and techniques Geotechnical benefits
employed in Ischebeck Titan’s ground engineering
solutions. Separate literature is available covering • Extremely low settlement characteristics - less
the various anchor, soil nail, pile and rock bolt than 5mm at working load
applications. • Enhanced mechanical bond with surrounding
ground
Expert technical advice on product selection and • Minimal disturbance during installation
scheme design is always available from the
company’s qualified engineers. Material benefits
• No requirement for double corrosion protection
in permanent works
• On site fabrication provides design flexibility
• Wide variety of drill bits to suit different ground
conditions

2
 Titan injection anchors

Anchor Soil Nail Pile Rock Bolt

Spherical Eye
collar nut Spherical Concrete pile bolt
collar nut head
Wedge Rock
discs Wire netting
mesh

Washer
plate
Grout
Sheet pile body
Washer
wall plate
Bore hole
De-bond ø130mm
tube
(if required) Shotcrete

Annulus Annulus
stabilised stabilised

Coupling Coupling Coupling

nut nut nut

Centraliser Centraliser

Coupling Hollow
nut threaded
bar

Centraliser Hollow
threaded
Hollow Hollow bar
threaded threaded
bar bar

Grout cover Grout cover

> 20mm > 20mm

Grout body Grout body Grout body

Drill bit Drill bit Drill bit

Drill bit

3
 Installation

The Ischebeck Titan solution uses the hollow

threaded bar as a conduit for either air, water or
grout flushing mediums. The medium used is
dependent on the ground conditions
encountered. For example: Rock would normally
require air or water whereas soft or collapsing
ground would require grout.

Grout Flushing
The density of the grout is varied depending on
the ground conditions; the greater the need to
support the annulus, the thicker the grout
required. Typically a W/C ratio of between 0.7
and 0.4 would be used.

The flushing head transmits the rotary and

percussive forces from the drilling machine to the
drill bit, whilst allowing continuous pumping of
the flushing medium through the hollow Titan bar.

The flushing medium leaves the apertures of the

drill bit under pressure, creating a continuous low
pressure scouring action against the sides of the
drill hole. This action exposes the harder parts of
the hole whilst flushing and removing the softer
parts to the surface.

When each bar has been drilled to depth, it is

withdrawn back up the mast and then redrilled in
a reaming action to improve cuttings return and
increase the scouring of the grout flush.

Scouring creates a very rough, irregular shaped

grout body with a much greater mechanical
connection to the soil, providing greater pull-out
resistance and lower settlement characteristics.

4
 Installation

Active zone

Passive zone

Irregular grout body

5
 Installation/grouting equipment

Installation equipment
Hand held drill rigs Crawler mounted drill rigs

Open access
Restricted access
Excavator mounted
Masts

Titan bar diameter

Limited drill bit diameter and limited installed 30/16 (left hand)
length, depending on ground conditions. 30/14
30/11
Titan bar diameter 40/20
30/16 (left hand) 40/16
30/14 52/26 (right hand)
30/11
Drilling equipment
Drilling equipment BBE 57
Silver 303 Ingersol Rand LM 400
SIG PLB 291 Marini
PB9 Morath HGB110
Pneumatic rock drills 7/8 x 4” hex liner, 30 kgs Krupp HB 11a
left hand rotary percussion Boart Fleximaster HD160
Pneumatic/hydraulic rotary percussive rock drills,
male shank - R32, R38, T38, R55

6
 Installation/grouting equipment

Grouting equipment
Large crawler mounted drill rigs Grout consumption approx 20 kg/m
Ordinary Portland cement dependent on drill bit
size and ground conditions.

Titan bar diameter

30/16 (left hand)
30/14
30/11

Grouting equipment
Injection technique requires:- Grout station
capable of mixing and pumping at the same time;
Colloidal mixing tank and an agitating storage
tank with capacity of 240 litres; Double or piston
Open access pump of approx 35l/min, such as Colmo 410 or
Putzmister P13
Titan bar diameter
40/20 (left hand)
40/16
52/26 (right hand)
73/53
103/78
103/51
130/60

Drilling equipment
Klemm 802, 803
Krupp HB 40a, HB60a Grout consumption approx. 40 kg/m
Cassagrande C6, C9 Ordinary Portland cement dependent on drill bit
Mustang size and ground conditions.
Hydraulic rotary percussive heads 2500Nm
torque min., male shank - R55, C64, H55, H112 Titan bar diameter
40/20 (left hand)
40/16
52/26 (right hand)
73/53
103/78
103/51
130/60

Grouting equipment
As above but higher capacity of 100l/min at up to
100 bar, such as Hany 650 or Obermann VS100

7
 Technical data

Service life
Ischebeck Titan injection ground engineering
products provide a service life in excess of 120
years based on research which has been
accepted by both Railtrack and the Highways
Agency. This research is detailed below.

Steel Characteristics
The steel utilised within the ground engineering
products is a high quality, micro alloy structural
steel which is high yield and not high tensile. It
has similar properties in terms of corrosion to
that used for both sheet piles and reinforcement
bars. TRL RR380 sets out the parameters by which
soil can be categorised for ground aggressivity,
High yield steel has a low carbon content and as with ranking values from non-aggressive to highly
a result is not susceptible to stress corrosion aggressive (it should be noted that there are no
cracking or hydrogen embrittlement. naturally occurring, highly aggressive soils in the
UK).

The report produces the expected loss of

sacrificial thickness of metal over elapsed time.
In Table 1 opposite, this data has been applied to
the cross sectional area of Ischebeck Titan bar
sizes to give an expected loss of steel strength
over 60 and 120 year periods. This only applies
to the steel buried in the ground with no other
protective measures taken.

Section 4.3 of TRL RR380 suggests that “the

grout surrounding the nail could be regarded as
enhancing the soil environment so that the
requirements for sacrificial allowances may be
reduced. One strategy, for example, would be to
Sacrificial allowance regard the soil as falling within the adjacent lower
The Highways Agency Design Manual for Roads category of aggressiveness”.
and Bridges incorporates section HA68/94 -
Design Methods for the Reinforcement of
Highway Slopes by Reinforced Soil and Soil
Nailing Techniques.

Appendix C of this document is entitled

Corrosion of Metallic Reinforcement and Soil
Nails, and refers to Transport Research
Laboratory Research Report 380 (1993) - The
Development of Specifications for Soil Nailing;
R T Murray
8
 Technical data

Table 1: Sacrificial loss of steel on Titan hollow bars

60 years 120 years
Bar size Cross Ground Diameter Reduced % loss Diameter Reduced % loss
section aggressivity loss (mm) area (mm2) loss (mm) area (mm2)
Non 0.9 342 10.5 1.5 318 17.0
30/16 338mm2 Mild 1.5 318 17.0 2.5 278 27.0
Aggressive 2.9 263 31.0 4.9 190 50.0
Non 0.9 349 9.5 1.5 325 15.5
30/14 385mm2 Mild 1.5 325 15.5 2.5 287 25.4
Aggressive 2.9 287 25.4 4.9 202 47.5
Non 0.9 408 8.5 1.5 384 14.0
30/11 446mm2 Mild 1.5 384 14.0 2.5 346 22.5
Aggressive 2.9 331 26.0 4.9 261 41.5
Non 0.9 715 6.8 1.5 681 11.2
40/20 767mm2 Mild 1.5 681 11.2 2.5 626 18.4
Aggressive 2.9 626 18.4 4.9 500 34.8
Non 0.9 828 5.8 1.5 794 9.7
40/16 879mm2 Mild 1.5 794 9.7 2.5 739 16.0
Aggressive 2.9 718 18.3 4.9 613 30.3
Non 0.9 1271 5.0 1.5 1226 8.3
52/26 1337mm2 Mild 1.5 1226 8.3 2.5 1153 14.0
Aggressive 2.9 1124 16.0 4.9 983 26.5
Non 0.9 1533 6.0 1.5 1469 10.0
73/53 1631mm2 Mild 1.5 1469 9.9 2.5 1415 13.0
Aggressive 2.9 1320 19.0 4.9 1112 32.0
Non 0.9 2998 4.7 1.5 2904 7.7
103/78 3146mm2 Mild 1.5 2904 7.7 2.5 2750 12.6
Aggressive 2.9 2688 14.6 4.9 2385 24.2
Non 0.9 6145 2.3 1.5 6049 3.8
103/51 6290mm2 Mild 1.5 6049 3.8 2.5 5890 6.4
Aggressive 2.9 5890 6.4 4.9 5516 12.3
Non 0.9 10263 1.8 1.5 10141 2.9
130/60 10446mm2 Mild 1.5 10141 2.9 2.5 9940 4.8
Aggressive 2.9 9940 4.8 4.9 9464 9.4
9
 Technical data

Cement grout 1.2 Passivated by

Hydrated cement provides an alkaline 1.0 a Fe2 03 cover
0.8 anodic protection
environment in the region of pH 12.6 - 13. When 0.6
or no reaction
because of
steel is encased within such an environment, 0.4 the cathodic

Electrode potential EH (Volt)

chemical as well as physical corrosion protection 0.2 protection
is provided. This is due to the fact that a steel 0
Corrosion
surface remains electrically passivated by the 0.2
0.4
alkali environment, resisting carbonation, which 0.6
would allow aggressive anions to ingress and 0.8
attack the steel. 1.0
1.2
1.4
The adjacent diagram illustrates why cement
1.6
grout within this pH value provides an active 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
corrosion protection. pH value of grout

Crack width limitation

Unlike rope threads, the Ischebeck Titan thread is frequency of cracking within a grout body can be
coarse, widely spaced and has a groove taken out controlled to such an extent that the crack widths
of the crown. This induces controlled cracking of stay well below the permitted 0.1mm.
the grout along the length of the bar.
Identical tests have also been carried out using
Corrosion is likely to occur initially where the bar hollow rope threaded bars. However, the
intersects a crack. Therefore, the smaller the crack maximum crack width was over 0.2mm above the
width the lower the risk of corrosion. British Standard permitted 0.1mm and, therefore, the grout cannot
guidelines propose that crack widths of <0.1mm are be considered as an acceptable cementitious
acceptable in a cementitious protective barrier. protective barrier.

Shear friction tests, in conjunction with crack width This has been determined by extensive testing
measurements, have been carried out on the Titan and research carried out by the LGA
thread. The results have shown that the Geotechnical Institute, University of Munich.

10
 Technical data

LGA Test 1997

Summary of test 1250/MU/2800/523 dt 29/07/97

Subject of test: Titan 30/11 within an excavated OPC grout body

Purpose of test: To determine the number and dimension of the cracks in the grout body
during stressing of the anchor tendon to 125% of its SWL.
Result of test: Cracks, which were not visible to the human eye, were induced along the
entire length of the grout body. Every crack measured less than 0.10mm.
Explanation: The drilling and flushing method used causes scouring of the drill hole. The
softer parts of the drill hole are flushed out and the harder parts are exposed.
Final pressure grouting creates the strongest possible mechanical connection
at the grout/ground interface. The unique thread on the Titan anchor bar has
a groove on the crown which is designed to encourage the backflow of
cuttings and flushing fluid during drilling. The roughness of this thread
produces the strongest possible mechanical connection at the grout/tendon
interface. Scientific examination of the grout body revealed that the spacing of
the hairline cracks corresponded with the spacing of the threads on the Titan
anchor bar.
Conclusion: At the SWL of 150kN and with all cracking limited to less than 0.10mm the
grout body provides complete corrosion protection.

F = 150kN = Allowable force

100
Cumulative frequency (%)

80

16% of all crack widths < 0.040m

50% of all crack widths < 0.075m
84% of all crack widths < 0.100m
50

16

1/100mm 5/100mm 10/100mm

(0.01mm) (0.05mm) (0.10mm)

11
 Research and development

Our commitment to providing you with the Excavated grout bodies of a Titan tendon pile
optimum in ground engineering solutions is confirm:
illustrated by our investment in independent • Grout body has enhanced diameter
research programmes, which enable us to
develop and refine the performance and quality • Irregular grout body generates extremely
high soil friction
of our products for a wide variety of ground
conditions. • Continuous and homogeneous grout cover
without contamination

Principle testing
at the testing institute for anchoring, rock and soil mechanics at the University of Munich

12
 Technical data

Product specifications

Ischebeck Titan hollow bar type denotes external diameter of bar followed by its internal diameter. For
example, a Titan 30/16 bar has an external diameter of 30mm and an internal diameter of 16mm.
Return flow groove

Titan

30 ø
16 ø
30/16 bar

Titan
130/60 bar

130 ø
60 ø
Titan bar type Unit 30/16 30/14 30/11 40/20 40/16 52/26 73/53 73/56 103/78 103/51 130/60
Nominal outside dia mm 30 30 30 40 40 52 73 73 103 103 130
Nominal inside dia mm 16 14 11 20 16 26 53 56 78 51 60
Ultimate load kN 220 260 320 539 660 929 1160 1194 2282 3460 7940
Yield point kN 180 220 260 430 525 730 970 785 1800 2750 5250
Yield Stress T0.2 N/mm 2
470 610 580 590 590 550 590 550 570 500 550
Cross section (A) mm 2
382 395 446 726 879 1337 1631 1414 3146 5501 9540
Weight kg/m 2.7 2.9 3.3 5.6 7.0 10.0 12.3 11.1 24.9 43.4 75.0
Thread left/right hand - left left left left left left or right right right right right right
Lengths m 3/4 3/4 2/3/4 3 3 3 3 6.25 3 3 3
The ultimate load at yield (or the corresponding load which occurs at a constant elongation of 0.2%) was
tested by MPA, (the material testing institute of the state of Northrhine Westfalia, Dortmund/Germany).
This also applies to the cross sections. Above figures are valid for INOX anchors as well.
The stresses mentioned were calculated from the load and cross section values of MPA.
Key features
1. Utilisation of a steel hollow bar as the tendon 3. The threads on Titan hollow bar are
From the static point of view, a hollow bar is formed much like the ribs on a reinforcing
superior to a solid rod of the same cross bar fabricated according to DIN 488. The
sectional area with respect to bending deep Titan threads result in 2.4 times higher
moment, shear resistance and surface bond friction compared to standard drill steel
bond/friction. coil-threads of R 32 (1_14 ”) or R 38 (1_12 ”)

2. Titan hollow bar is manufactured from 4. Continuous threads guarantee the Titan
high yield micro alloy high quality bar can be cut or coupled anywhere along
structural steel offering high notch its length. Cutting, extending, pre-stressing
toughness > 39J. This steel is not affected by and load releasing on the tendon are
hydrogen embrittlement or by stress crack possible. A thread pitch of 6° eliminates the
corrosion. need for locking nuts at each coupling.
13
 Product Range

Hollow bar Accessories

Sizes: Ischebeck Titan offers a wide variety of

A comprehensive selection of Ischebeck Titan accessories to complement the entire hollow bar
hollow bar is available in sizes 30/16 to 130/60 range, providing the flexibility to install the bar in
and with ultimate capacity of 220kN to 7900kN. different ground conditions with different drilling
See product specifications and table on page 13 equipment to suit different applications. The
for details. comprehensive range of accessories includes
coupling nuts, centralising spacers, washer
Finishes: plates, adaptor bits, wedge discs, collar nuts and
Black: This high quality, low carbon content, high many more ancillary items.
yield hollow steel bar is suitable for the majority
of applications where normal environmental Drill bits
conditions are present.

Combi-Coat: A combination of hot dipped

galvanised and a blue epoxy paint finish gives
the bar additional protection for aggressive
conditions. Used in conjunction with galvanised
accessories. Available in 30/11 and 40/16.

Inox: A feritic-austenitic steel (inox duplex), Soft soil

material no. 1.4462. Used for extremely Hardened clay drill bit 75mm to 280mm
aggressive environments. Available in 30/11 and
40/16. Medium rock
Button drill bit 42mm to 70mm
Cross cut drill bit 90mm to 175mm

Hard rock
Carbide button drill bit 90mm to 180mm
Carbide cross cut drill bit 46mm to 70mm

Flushing heads

Various types are available to suit different bar

sizes and drilling rigs:-
S22 - Handheld rock drill with a hexagonal
female shank
R32/R38 - Pneumatic rotary percussive drilling rig
R55 - Hydraulic hammer drilling rigs
14
 Projects

Ground Anchors - Hull Soil Nails - Brighton Marina

• Environment agency flood protection scheme • Coastal protection scheme
• 650No. ground anchors • Approximately 600No. soil nails
• Ischebeck Titan 30/11 (20m) and 40/16 (25m) • Ischebeck Titan 30/11 black bar
bar • 75mm hardened clay drill bit used to drill chalk
• All black mild steel bar • 25 - 30 soil nails installed per day (150 - 180m)
• Installed by 13T excavator working underneath • Installed by abseil team
itself • 120 year design life
• Sacrificial thickness
• Crack width limitation
• 50 year design life

Mini-Piles - University of Strathclyde Rock Bolts - Reston Cutting

• Creation of new mezzanine floor within existing • Reston Cutting stabilisation, East Coast
building Mainline
• 33No. 9m long micropiles drilled through • 148No. 3m crest anchors installed in 1m
boulder clay lengths using couplings
• Ischebeck Titan 30/11 black bar • Ischebeck Titan 30/11 black bar
• 150kN working load per pile to support new • 4250m2 of chain-link rock-fall mesh
254 x 254 x 73 universal columns • Integral eye bolt allowed 3-way connection for
• 3No. piles at close centres giving small pile cap cable stays
(865 x 950 x 500dp) • Anchors installed by hand through 2m of mixed
• Limited access and headroom overburden into rock
• Minimal excavation and disruption • Anchor fully bonded in cement grout for full
service life
15
Ischebeck Titan Group

Founded in Germany over 120 years ago Ischebeck is

renowned internationally for it’s aluminium formwork and
false work systems, trench support systems and ground
engineering products.

Ischebeck Titan Ltd

The company operates from headquarters centrally located

in the heart of the UK.

Product Availability

Substantial stocks of equipment are available ex-stock from

the company’s strategically located 4-acre distribution site,
with most items available nationwide on a 48-hour delivery.
Products are available for both hire and outright purchase.

Technical Support

We will participate in concept stage development. Providing

input on applications, production rates, budget design and
costings. Active for on site support, particularly for new
users. We can provide guidance on industry special
european and national standards.

HEAD OFFICE
John Dean House
Wellington Road
Burton upon Trent
Staffordshire DE14 2TG
Tel: 01283 515677 Fax: 01283 516126
www.ischebeck-titan.co.uk
E-mail: sales@ischebeck-titan.co.uk

NORTHERN REGIONAL OFFICE Since our policy is one of continuous improvement we reserve the right to
change without prior notice the specifications and methods of construction
& DESIGN OFFICE mentioned in this document. No responsibility whatsoever can be accepted for
any errors or omissions in, or misinterpretation of the contents. Products must
Hollinwood Business Centre be used in conformity with safe practices and applicable codes and
Albert Mills Albert Street regulations. Photos and details shown are for general guidance only and may
vary according to circumstances. For specific information refer to Ischebeck
Hollinwood Oldham OL8 3QP Titan Limited. Copyright reserved.

Tel: 0161 682 4732 Fax: 0161 684 3603

E-mail: technical@ischebeck-titan.co.uk