EPS Derivative Diagnostic Library

Nomenclature
p’ Logarithmic derivative
t Elapsed time in a drawdown
Dt Elapsed (shut-in) time in a buildup
Dte Agarwal equivalent drawdown time
for a buildup
ETR Early time region
MTR Middle time region
LTR Late time region
0s Derivative plateau
1/2s Half slope
1/4s Quarter slope
1s Unit slope
-1/2s Negative half slope
-1s Negative unit slope
CRD Constant rate drawdown
InfCon Infinite conductivity
FinCon Finite conductivity
W Channel width
L Distance to nearest boundary
Lw horizontal well length

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Vertical Fractured Well

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Fractured Well (InfCon) ETR Fractured Well (FinCon)
0s
p 0s p
1/2s M
T
1/2s R
1/4s FCD > 10
B1 t CRD B4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Horizontal Fracture Fractured Well (FinCon)
ETR

p p 0s
0s
1/4s M
T
1/2s
R FCD < 10
B2 t CRD B5 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Horizontal Fracture Conductive Lens
0s ETR MTR
p p 0s
1s
Thin Reservoir 1/2s
1/2s "Geoskin"
B3 t CRD B6 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Fractured Well (InfCon) ETR M Fractured Well (InfCon)
T
0s R
p 1/4s p
0s
1/4s
1/2s 1s 0s
Apparent Quarter Slope with Storage and Skin
B7 t CRD B8 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Limited Height Fracture ETR Fractured Well (IC)
IC
US
p xf p
DP
hf HS
HS
Agarwal Overcorrection
B9 t CRD B10 Dte BUF
Horizontal Wells

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

Horizontal Well Horizontal Well
MTR LTR MTR LTR
0s
p p
1/2s Lw 0s Lw
0s 0s 1/4s No Flow Upper and Lower
No Flow Upper and Lower
LD> 10 Boundaries Boundaries
H1 t CRD H2 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

LTR Horizontal Well ETR Horizontal Well

0s
p p
1/2s
1/2s PRF
Natural Fractures
Acid Stimulation Tight Matrix plus Face Skin
H3 t CRD H4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

M LTR Horizontal Well M Horizontal Well
T T
LTR
R 0s R
p Lw
p 0sP
1/2s Lw
2m 0s -1/2s
0s 0s Drain
m LD> 10 Offset Position LD< 0.2
Hole
H5 t H6 t

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

M LTR Horizontal Well M LTR Horizontal Well
T T
2m R 2m R
m 0s 0s
0s m
0s
p p
Gas Cap Strong Bottom
Support (CPUB) Water (CPLB)
H7 t CRD or BU-MDH H8 t CRD or BU-MDH

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR Horizontal Well Conductive
Fault

p 1/4s p Horizontal
Low Perm. Layer 1/2s Well
0s -1/2s Damage

Dual Porosity Strata 1/4s

Matrix
H9 t CRD H10 t
Wellbore Storage Overlay

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR IWS HR ETR MTR NWS HR

p p
0s 0s
1s 11/2 Log Ideal Wellbore Storage 1s Nonideal Wellbore Storage
Cycle Homogeneous Reservoir Homogeneous Reservoir

I1 t CRD I2 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR LTR NWS ETR MTR NWS HR
p

2m
0s p
0s
m Phase Redistribution
1s
1s Near Single Fault - the "famous spike"

I3 t CRD I4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

M NWS ETR M
p ETR
T
LTR p T
NWS
R R
m Tight Zone
2m 0s 0s
0s m/2
m 0s

1s Far Single Fault Dual Porosity Strata

I5 t CRD I6 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR IWS No Skin ETR IWS No Skin

p 0s p 1/4s
1/2s

1s
1s Fractured Well (InfCon) Small FCD Fractured Well (FinCon)
I7 t I8 t

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

p ETR M NWS HR ETR M
T T
R R
m
0s p 0s
1s 1s
0s 0s
Phase Redistribution
"Humping" Dual Porosity
I9 t I10 t
Semi-infinite Sealing Fault Systems
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
p MTR LTR Single Fault LTR Right Angle Faults
4m
M 0s
2m T
0s L p R
m m 0s
L
D1 t CRD D2 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

p M LTR Single Fault MTR LTR Parallel Faults
T
2m R
p
L 1/2s W
L
m 0s
0s 0s
Limited Extent (Baffle)
D3 t CRD D4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR U-Shaped Faults M LTR Parallel Faults
T
R
1/2s
p W
L p L
1/2s W
0s
2m
0s
m Well Offset
0s
D5 t CRD D6 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Channel Reservoir MTR LTR Channel Reservoir
1s
p W
L p W
L
1/2s
0s 1/2s 0s
Agarwal Overcorrection Yeh Empirical Mod.
D7 Dte BUF D8 Dt BUF

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

LTR 45o Intersecting Faults 120o Intersecting Faults
8m M MTR LTR
T 0s
0s
p R 3m
45o
1/2s L p
0s L
m m 120o
0s
D9 t CRD D10 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

M LTR Open-ended U Shape M LTR Major and Minor Fault
T T
R R
p p 1/2s
1/2s
0s D 0s
2m 2m
m m P
0s 0s
D11 t CRD D12 t CRD
Double Porosity and Dual Permeability Systems
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
ETR MTR Finite Wellbore Radius
p ETR MTR Dual Porosity Strata
m Tight Zone
p 0s 0s 0s
m/2
0s
1/2s Inf. Conductive Inner High Perm. Zone
C1 t CRD C4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Dual-Porosity (sss) ETR M Reservoir Storage
T
R High Perm Closed Layer
p 0s p 0s
1s 1s
0s Infinite Low Perm. Layer
Interporosity Skin
C2 t CRD C5 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

p Dual-porosity (transient) LTR Dual Permeability
ETR MTR
m 0s
0s
m/2
0s p
0s 0s
M
T
No Interporosity Skin R Semipermeable Barrier
C3 t CRD C6 t CRD
Partially Communicating Faults and Linear Composite Systems
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
Partially Communicating MTR LTR Linear
p MTR LTR Fault Composite
0s
2m
p
0s
m 0s
Inf.-Acting
G1 t CRD G2 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Linear Composite LTR Linear
plus Barrier Composite
p p 0s
0s 0s 0s

G3 t CRD G4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Two Cell Two Cell
MTR LTR
Compartmentalised Compartmentalised
1s
p p
1s 1s
0s 0s

G5 t CRD or BUD G6 t BUF

Closed Reservoir Compartments
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
MTR LTR Closed Square MTR LTR Closed Square

p 1s p 0s

0s
E1 t CRD or BUD E2 t BUF

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Rectangular Reservoir MTR LTR Rectangular Reservoir
1s
p p
1/2s
1/2s
0s 0s

E3 t CRD or BUD E4 t BUF

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

M LTR Rectangular Reservoir M Rectangular Reservoir
T T
LTR
R 1s R
p p
1/2s 1/2s

0s Offset Well 0s Offset Well

E5 t CRD or BUD E6 t BUF
Constant Pressure Boundaries
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
MTR LTR MTR LTR

p 0s p 0s
-1s -1s
Distant Distant
Gas Cap Strong Aquifer
F1 t CRD or BU-MDH F2 t CRD or BU-MDH

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR LTR ETR LTR

p 0s p 0s

Gas Cap
Strong Bottom
Support (CPUB) Water (CPLB)
F3 t CRD or BU-MDH F4 t CRD or BU-MDH

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Nonintersecting M LTR Channel Reservoir
T
Fracture R with Edge Water
0s
p p
-1s 1/2s
1/4s CPB
0s

F5 t CRD or BU-MDH F6 t CRD or BU-MDH

Limited Entry and Radial Composite Systems
Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model
MTR Homogeneous Reservoir Limited Entry
ETR MTR

p p
0s 0s
Infinite-Acting
A1 t CRD A2 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Extreme Limited Entry ETR MTR Radial Composite
0s
p p
0s
-1/2s 0s
Tight Inner
A3 t CRD A4 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

ETR MTR Radial Composite ETR MTR Shale Lens
0s 0s
p p
0s 0s
Conductive Inner
A5 t CRD A6 t CRD

Diagnostic Model Diagnostic Model

MTR LTR Pinch-Out MTR ETR Well Offset in a Channel
Top
0s
m p
-1/2s 0s 1/2s
p h
Botto
m
A7 t CRD A8 t CRD