COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, BANGALORE

Course Tittle: Protected cultivation of vegetables,VSC508(1+1)

Presentation Topic: Recent advances in green house climate

control and energy use in India

Presented By :
Sanmathi Naik A T S
UHS18PGM1142
Jr.M.Sc(Hort) Vegetable Science
COH,Bengaluru
15-Jul-19 1
 Introduction

Greenhouses are frames of inflated structure covered with a

transparent material in which crops are grown under controlled
environment conditions.
 Phytomation system

15-Jul-19 2
 Theory of operation of green house

The warmer temperature in a greenhouse occurs because incident solar

radiation passes through the transparent roof and walls and is absorbed by
the floor, and contents, which become warmer. As the structure is not open
to the atmosphere, the warmed air cannot escape via convection, so the
temperature inside the greenhouse rises. This earth-oriented theory known
as the "greenhouse effect".

15-Jul-19 3
Enivironment control parameters

Solar radiation

Temperature

Relative humidity

Light

Carbon dioxide

15-Jul-19 4
 Temperature

 Temperature has a direct impact on the physiological

development phases of the plant.

 Regulates the transpiration rate and plant water status

through stomatal control during the photosynthesis.
 Average temperatures ranges between 20o-30oC

15-Jul-19 5
 Relative
humidity
 Vapour pressure deficit (VPD)?

 Relative humidity within the range 60-90 % is suitable to plant

growth

 RH above 95 % for long periods, particularly at night as this

favours the rapid development of fungus diseases

15-Jul-19 6
 Light intensity
 The growth of plants is controlled by three light (photo)
processes, namely

 Photosynthesis

 Photo morphogenesis

 Photoperiodism

 Artificial lightening is required only in case of long duration crop

15-Jul-19 7
 Carbon dioxide
 The optimal CO2 concentration for growth and yield seems to be
700–900 μmol mol-1, (De Pascale and Maggio, 2008).

 CO2 inside the greenhouse may lead to an increase of over 20

percent in fruit production for both dry and fresh matter
(Shanchez-Guerrero et al., 2005).

15-Jul-19 8
 Micro climate control system

Outside greenhouse
Inside greenhouse

Temperature,
Soil
Air temperature, Relative humidity,
Relative humidity, Solar radiation,
CO2 concentrations, Wind speed,
Electrical conductivity Wind direction
Soil moisture Rainfall rate

15-Jul-19 9
 Factors to be controlled
 Ventilation
 Shading
 Cooling
 Greenhouse heating
 Solar radiation filtration
 Internal air circulation system
 CO2 enrichment
 The lighting system
 Air humidification
 Dehumidification
15-Jul-19 10
 Ventilation
 It is related to factors such as temperature,
humidity and CO2 concentration.

 Types of ventilation
 Natural ventilation

 Forced ventilation

 Total ventilator area equivalent to 15-30 % of floor

area was recommended by White and Aldrich (1975).

15-Jul-19 11
 Natural ventilation
 Inadequate ventilation generates overheating and excessive transpiration,
leading to problems such as

 Plant water stress

 Physiological disorders(fruit cracking and abortion of flowers and

fruits)

15-Jul-19 12
 Efficiency of natural ventilation depends on factors such as
 Wind speed and direction,
 Temperature differences between the outside and the inside
of the greenhouse,
 Greenhouse design and the presence or absence of crops

15-Jul-19 13
 Forced ventilation
 Fans suck air out on the one side and openings on the
other side let air in.

 Ventilation fans should be located on the wind side of

the greenhouse

15-Jul-19 14
 Distance between two fans should not exceed 8-10 m
 Inlet opening on the opposite side of a fan should be at least
1.25 times of the fan area.

15-Jul-19 15
 Shade covers
Shading will be done using different approaches:
 Shade screens

 Paints

 Nets

15-Jul-19 16
The coloured shade nets in the protected crops stimulate specific
morphological and physiological reactions thereby improves the quality of
produce (Shahak et al., 2002).

15-Jul-19 17
 Cooling
 Mist or fog system

 Sprinklers

 Evaporative pads (wet pads)

15-Jul-19 18
These installations have shown a reduction in air
temperature of up to 120C
The advantage of fogging systems over wet pad systems
is the uniformity of conditions throughout the
greenhouse
Roof evaporative cooling?

15-Jul-19 19
 Heating
 Greenhouse heating is required in cold
climate regions such as Himalayan region of
the country.

 The heating system should provide heat to

the greenhouse at the same rate at which it
is lost.

 The most common and least expensive is the

unit heater system.

 Heaters are located throughout the

greenhouse, each heating system has a floor
area of 180 to 500 m2.
15-Jul-19 20
 Different types of heating
systems
Unit heaters

Central heating

Wall pipes coils

Overhead pipes coils

In bed-pipe coils

Pipe/Rail heating systems

Heating for anti frost protection

15-Jul-19
21
 Solar radiation filtration
 Global solar radiation entering in a greenhouse composed of
three types of radiation,
 Ultraviolet radiation (UV)

 Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)

 Near infrared radiation (NIR)

 NIR filtering is also done by using specific plastic cellophanes,

moveable screens or NIR filtering shading paint

15-Jul-19 22
 Internal air circulation system
 Internal air velocities of a greenhouse are recommended to be
between 0.5 to 0.7 ms-1 for optimal plant growth.

15-Jul-19 23
 CO2 Enrichment
• Pure liquid CO2 pumping from containers to the greenhouse is
the purest type of CO2 enrichment

• A better CO2 distribution within the greenhouse can be

accomplished with a pipeline network, similar to the fertigation
system.

15-Jul-19 24
 Light
Major lighting system includes
 LED bulbs
 Fluorescent lights
 Tube lamps
 Metal halide lamps
 Heat lamps
Supplemental lighting is most beneficial in areas that receive less
than 4.5 hours average daily sunshine
 Advantages of LED’S such as cost efficiency, compact design,
durability, light quality, and low thermal energy generation
15-Jul-19 25
Automatic greenhouse climate control
systems
Sophisticated new technologies involving

 Microprocessor

 Data loggers

 Automated irrigation

 Fertigation system

15-Jul-19 26
A commercial smart greenhouse with Internet-
of-Things monitoring

15-Jul-19 27
 A robotic nursery greenhouse for automated
spraying and management

15-Jul-19 28
 A modular greenhouse used in urban
farming

15-Jul-19 29
A high-tech agri-cube personal vegetable
cultivation factory

15-Jul-19 30
 A modern Gable greenhouse with
rooftop solar panels

15-Jul-19 31
 Modern technique involving Internet Of
Things(IOT’S)

15-Jul-19 32
15-Jul-19 33
15-Jul-19 34
15-Jul-19 35
 Conclusion
 Greenhouse climate control is one of the challenging tasks in precision
agriculture.

The computer simulation models and adaptive analysis software are already
available for greenhouses and CEA systems can be extended and modified
for this purpose

Increased automation relative to increase in profitability

15-Jul-19 36
 References
 Precision Farming in Horticulture- Approaches and Strategies
,Dr.S.S.Swain
 Advances in greenhouse automation and controlled environment
agriculture: A transition to plant factories and urban agriculture
Redmond Ramin Shamshiri1*, Fatemeh Kalantari2, K. C. Ting3, Kelly
R. Thorp4, Ibrahim A. Hameed5, Cornelia Weltzien6, Desa Ahmad1,
Zahra Mojgan Shad7

 Micro Climate Control in Greenhouse

D.T. Santosh*, K.N. Tiwari, Vikas Kumar Singh and A. Raja Gopala
Reddy Precision Farming Development Centre, Agricultural and Food
Engineering Department, IIT Kharagpur, India
15-Jul-19 37
15-Jul-19 38