Section Exercise 4.

3
1. The following data: ₱435, ₱282, ₱350, ₱420, ₱340, ₱339, ₱395, and ₱375. Find the
seven books randomly selected from a university bookstore. Complete the table and find
the average deviation.

Solution:

X X − X́ ¿ X − X́ /¿
435 68 68
282 -85 85 n=8
350 -17 17 ∑x =2936
420 53 53 367
340 -27 27
395 28 28 X́ =¿
339 -28 28
375 8 8
∑(X - X́ ) = 0
∑¿ X − X́ /¿= 314
AD =39.25

SOLUTIONS:
∑x = 435+282+350+420+340+395+339+375
∑x = 2963
∑ x 2936
= =367
n 8
∑(X - X́ ) = 68-85-17+53-27+28-28+8
∑(X - X́ ) = 0
∑¿ X − X́ /¿= 68+85+17+53+27+28+28+8
∑¿ X − X́ /¿= 314
x /¿ 314
AD=∑ f /x − = ¿
N 8
AD =39.25

2. The table below gives the frequency distribution of the daily commuting time ( in
minutes) from home to work for all 40 employees of a company. Compute the table and
find the average deviation.

Solution:
Class f fX X- X́ / X- X́ / f/ X- X́ /
N=40
5-15 3 30 -27.5 27.5 82.5
∑fX =1500
16-26 8 168 -16.25 16.5 132
27-37 9 288 -5.5 5.5 49.5 X́ =37.5
38-48 10 430 5.5 5.5 55
49-59 6 324 16.5 16.5 99 ∑ f/ X- X́ /=528
60-70 4 260 27.5 27.5 110
AD=37.5

∑Fx= 30+168+288+430+324+260
∑Fx= 1500
∑ fx 1500
X́ = = =37.5
n 40
∑fx 1500
AD= = =37.5
n 40
∑ f/ X- X́ /= 27.5+16.5+5.5+5.5+16.5+27.5
∑ f/ X- X́ /= 528
 Section Exercise 4.4

1. The supervisor of a fast-food restaurant selected several receipts at random. The

amounts spent by costumers were ₱75, ₱60, ₱65, ₱62, ₱80, ₱83, ₱89, and ₱ 78.
complete the table and find the variance and standard deviation.

Solution:
n=8
X X- X́ (X- X́ ¿2
∑X= 592
75 1 1
60 -14 196 X́ = 74
65 -9 81
62 -12 144 ∑(X- X́ ¿2= 780
80 6 36
83 9 81
s2=111.429
89 15 225
78 4 16 s= 10.556

SOLUTIONS:
∑X= 75+60+65+62+80+83+89+79 ∑(X- X́ ¿2= 1+196+81+144+36+81+225+16
∑X= 592 ∑(X- X́ ¿2= 780

∑fx 592
X¿ = =74
n 8
∑(x −x) 780
s2= = =111.429
n−1 8−1

s= √∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
 2. The following data give the weight (in pounds) lost by 8 randomly selected new
members of a health club at the end of their first 3 months of membership. Complete
the table and compute the variance and standard deviation.

Solution:
n=8
X X2
∑X=138
13 169
∑X2= 2484
14 196
17 289 s2=354.857
20 400
25 625 s=18.837
18 324
16 256
15 225

SOLUTIONS:
∑X= 13+14+17+20+25+18+16+15
∑X= 138

∑X2=169+196+289+400+625+324+256+225
∑X2= 2484

s2=∑ x 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ 2484−¿ ¿ ¿

¿ √ ∑ x 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ √ 2484−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
 3. The table below gives the frequency distribution of the number of orders received
each day during the past 25 days at the office of a mail order company. Complete the
table and compute the variance and standard deviation.
Solution:
Number of f X fX (X- X́ ¿2 f(X- X́ ¿2
orders
7-9 3 8 24 81 243
10-12 1 11 11 36 36
13-15 5 14 70 9 45
16-18 3 17 51 0 0
19-21 10 20 200 9 90
22-24 3 23 69 36 108
Total 25 93 425 171 522

X́ = 17 ∑f(X- X́ ¿2= 522 s2=21.75 s=4.664

∑ fx 425
X́ = = =17
n 25

2 ∑ f ( x−x)2 522
s= = =21.75
n−1 25−1

∑ f ( x−x)2
s=
√n−1
=s= √ 21.75=4.664

4. The operations manager of SSS Rubber Company is investigating the ages in months
of the company’s equipment currently use. The ages of 30 units selected at random
 were organized into a frequency distribution. Complete the table and compute the
variance and standard deviation.

Solution:
Age Number of X fX (fX)2
(in equipment
months) (f)
18-20 3 19 57 3249
21-23 6 22 132 17424
24-26 8 25 200 40000
27-29 5 28 140 19600
30-32 4 31 124 15376
33-35 4 34 136 18496
Total 30 159 789 114145

s2=21.528 s= 4.640

s2=∑ f x 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

s= √∑ f x 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
 Section Exercise 4.5
1. Complete the table and the following information, and then find the Q1.
Solution:
Class Limits f cf N= 22
1-7 1 1 LB= 7.5
8-14 4 5 f= 4
15-21 6 11 cf= 5
22-28 5 16 i= 7
29-35 2 18 Q1= 7.929
36-42 4 22

SOLUTIONS:
N 22
Q 1 ( Ranked Value ) = = =5.5
4 4

N 22
Q 1=LB+
4
( )
−cf
f
(i )=7.5+
4
( )
7
−5
( 6 )=7.929
 2. Complete the table and the following information, and then find the D4.

Solution:
Class Limits f cf N= 31
34-36 1 1 LB=39.5
37-39 3 4 f=6
40-42 6 10 cf=10
43-45 10 20 i=3
46-48 5 25 D4= 40.7
49-51 4 29
52-54 2 31

SOLUTION:
4 N 4(31)
D4 ( Ranked Value )= = =12.4
10 10

4N 4 ( 31 )
D4 =LB+ (
10
f
−cf
)
( i )=39.5+
10
(6
−10
)
( 3 ) =40.7
 3. Complete the table and the following information, and then find the P65.
Solution:
Class Limits f cf N= 40
94-97 3 3 LB= 101.5
98-101 8 11 f=12
102-105 12 23 cf= 23
106-109 10 33 i= 4
110-113 6 39 P65= 102.5
114-117 1 40

SOLUTIONS:
65 N 65 (40)
P65 ( ranked value )= = =26
100 100

65 N 65 ( 40 )
P65=LB+
100
f(−cf
)
( i )=101.5+ (
100
12
−23
)
( 4 )=102.5

Section Exercise 4.6 and 4.7

1. During the first 11 weeks of world economic crisis, the weekly average hours
work in manufacturing jobs were 45,46,40,39,30,36,38,41,42,48, and 35,
respectively. Determine the midhinge, interquartile range, and quartile deviation.
Solution:
Data Array: 30,35,36,38,39,40,41,42,45,46,48
Q1= 36 Q3= 45
Midhinge= 40.5 IQR= 9 QD= 4.5
1 ( N +1 ) 1 (11 +1 ) 12
Q 1= = = =3
4 4 4
3 ( N +1 ) 3 ( 11+1 ) 36
Q 3= = = =9
4 4 4

Q 1+Q 2 36+ 45 81
Midhinge= = = =40.5
2 2 2
Interquartile range ( IQR ) =Q 3−Q 1=45−36=9

Q 3 −Q 1 45−36 9
Quartile Deviation ( QD ) = = = =4.5
2 2 2
 2. WSS Techno Company manufactures computer terminals. The following data are
the number of computer terminals produce at a company for a sample of 15 days.
7,20,15,20,22,17,22,18,19,12,15,16,17,13, and 22. Calculate midhinge,
interquartile range, and quartile deviation of these data.
Solution:
Data Array: 7,12,13,15,15,16,17,17,18,19,20,20,22,22,22
Q1= 15 Q3= 20
Midhinge= 17.5 IQR= 5 QD=
1 ( N +1 ) 1 (15+ 1 ) 16
Q 1= = = =4
4 4 4
3 ( N +1 ) 3 ( 15+1 ) 48
Q 3= = = =12
4 4 4
Q 1+Q 3 15+20 35
Midhinge= = = =17.5
2 2 2
Interquartile range ( IQR ) =Q 3−Q 1=20−15=5

Q 3 −Q 1 20−15 5
Quartile Deviation ( QD ) = = = =2.5
2 2 2
3. Suppose a sample of 13 statistic books gave a mean price of 350 pesos and a
standard deviation of 32 pesos. A sample of 5 probability books gave a mean
prize of 420 pesos and a standard deviation of 29 pesos. Compare the coefficient
of variations of statistics and probability books.

s1 = ₱32, X́ 1 = ₱350, s2 = ₱29 X́ 2 = ₱420

s1 32
CV = (100 % )= ( 100 % )=9.14 % Statistic books
x́1 350
s2 29
CV = (100 % )= ( 100 % ) =6.90 % Probability books
x́ 2 420

Since the coefficient of variation is larger for statistic books, the statistic books are more
variable than the probability books.
 Section Exercise 4.8
1. A survey of local companies found that the mean amount of commissions for sales
agents was ₱10,600. The standard deviation was ₱720. Using Chebyshev’s theorem,
find the minimum percentage of the data values that will fall between ₱9,340 and
₱11,860.

Solution:

₱11,860 - ₱10,600 = ₱1,260

1,260
k= =1.75
720
1 1
1− 2
=1− =0.67∨67 %
k ( 1.75 )2

2. A sample of hourly wages of employees who work in law firms in Makati City has a
mean of ₱20,700 and a standard deviation of ₱3,200. Using Chebyshev’s theorem,
find the range in which at least 75% of the data values will fall.

Solution:

3. The average cost of the sofa set is ₱36,400. The standard deviation is ₱4,500. Using
Chebyshev’s theorem, find the minimum percentage of the data values that will fall in
the range of ₱26,600 and ₱46,400.

Solution:
 ₱46,400 - ₱36,400 = ₱10,000
10,000
k= =¿2.22
4,500
1 1
1− 2
=1− =0.203∨20.291%
k ( 2.22 )2

Section Exercise 4.9

1. A sample of 8 adults was asked to report the number of hours they spent on the
Internet the previous month. The result is listed below. Complete the table and
calculate the kurtosis.

Solution:

4
N= 8
X X- X́ X− X́ X − X́
s ( s ) ∑X=48

4 -2 -0.8818 0.6046 X́ =6
10 4 1.7636 9.6738
3 -3 -1.3227 3.0608 s=2.268
5 -1 -0.4409 0.0377 4
X − X́
8
5
2
-1
0.8818
-0.4409
0.6046
0.0377
∑ ( s ) =14.0569

7 1 0.4409 0.0377 Kurtosis=

6 0 0 0

SOLUTION:

x́=
∑ x = 4+10+3+ 5+8+5+7+ 6 = 48 =6
n 8 8
s= √ ∑¿ ¿ ¿
4 2
X 1−x́
kurt =
{[ n ( n+1 )
( n−1 )( n−2 ) ( n−3 ) ] [∑ ( ) ] }
s
−
3 ( n−1 )
( n−2 ) ( n−3 )
 2
8 ( 8+1 ) 3 ( 8−1 )
¿
{[ ( 8−1 ) ( 8−2 )( 8−3 ) ] }
[ 14.0569 ] −
( 8−2 ) ( 8−3 )
=−0.0804

Hence, the kurtosis is -0.0804. We conclude that the distribution on the daily rates of employee
is somewhat Platykurtic.

2. A sample of 7 was asked how much changed they had in their pockets and wallets.
The responses (in centavos) are shown below. Complete the table and determine the
value of kurtosis.

Solution:
4
N=7
X X- X́ X− X́ X − X́
s ( s ) ∑X=280

50 10 0.0162 0.00000006 X́ =40

40 0 0 0
75 35 0.0567 0.00001 s=616.667
10 -30 -0.0486 0.000005 4
X − X́
15
25
-25
-15
-0.0405 0.000002
-0.0243 0.0005
∑( s ) =0.00051906

65 25 0.0405 0.000002 Kurtosis= -5.3997

SOLUTION:

x́=
∑ x = 50+ 40+75+10+15+25+ 65 = 280 =40
n 7 7
s= √ ∑¿ ¿ ¿
 4 2
X 1−x́
kurt =
{[ n ( n+1 )
( n−1 )( n−2 ) ( n−3 ) ] [∑ ( ) ] }
s
−
3 ( n−1 )
( n−2 ) ( n−3 )

2
7 ( 7+1 ) 3 ( 7−1 )
¿
{[
(7−1 ) ( 7−2 ) ( 7−3 ) ]
[ 0.00051906 ] − }
( 7−2 )( 7−3 )
=−5.3997

Hence, the kurtosis is -5.3397. We conclude that the distribution on the daily rates of employee
is somewhat Platykurtic.

Section Exercise 4.10

1. A sample of 7 employees was asked about their number of absences in days last year.
The results are listed below. Complete the table and calculate the software coefficient
of skewness.

Solution:
3
N= 7
X X- X́ X− X́ X − X́
s ( s ) ∑X=126

15 -3 -0.5249 -0.1446 X́ = 18
20 2 0.3499 0.0428
21 3 0.5249 0.1446 s=5.715
25 7 1.2248 1.5001 3
X − X́
10
12
-8
-6
-1.3998
-1.0498
-2.7428
-1.1539
∑ ( s ) = -2.3532

23 5 0.0874 0.0006 Skewness= -0.0549

SOLUTION:

x́=
∑ x = 15+20+ 21+ 25+10+12+23 = 126 =18
n 7 7
s= √ ∑¿ ¿ ¿
 3
sk=
n
(n−1)(n−2)
∑[ ( )]
X − X́
s
=
7
(7−1 ) ( 7−2 )
(−2.3532 )=−0.0549

We conclude that the number of absences in days last year somewhat negatively skewed.

2. The manager of the AUS Bookstore gathered the following information on the
number of times a costumer visits the store the year. The response of the 8 customers
is shown in the table below. Complete the table and determine the value of skewness.

Solution:
3
N= 8
X X- X́ X− X́ X − X́
s ( s ) ∑X= 120

12 -3 -0.3281 -0.0353 X́ = 15
14 -1 -0.1093 -0.0013
18 3 0.3281 0.0353 s= 9.143
11 -4 -0.4374 -0.0836 3
X − X́
13
18
-2
3
-0.2187
0.3281
-0.0104
0.0353
∑ ( s )
= 0.0236

19 4 0.4374 0.0836 Skewness= 0.004

15 0 0 0

SOLUTION:

x́=
∑ x = 12+14+ 18+11+13+18+19+15 = 120 =15
n 8 8
s= √ ∑¿ ¿ ¿

3
sk=
n
(n−1)(n−2) [ ( )]
∑
X − X́
s
=
8
( 8−1 ) ( 8−2 )
( 0.0236 )=0.004

We conclude that the number of times a costumer visits the store this year somewhat positively
skewed.
 Section Exercises 4.11 and 4.12
1. During the first 10 weeks of world economic crisis, the weekly average hours’ work
in manufacturing jobs were 44,46,40,39,30,36,38,41,42, and 35, respectively.
Construct a boxplot and check for outliers of the given data set.

Solution:
Data Array: 30,35,36,38,39,40,41,42,44,46
1 ( N +1 ) 1 (10+ 1 ) 11
Q 1= = = =2.75
4 4 4
3 ( N +1 ) 3 ( 10+1 ) 33
Q 3= = = =8.25
4 4 4

Median= 39.5
Interquartile range ( IQR ) =Q 3−Q 1=−15=5
2. WSS Techno Company manufactures computer terminals. The following data are the
number of computer terminals produce at a company for a sample of 15 days.
10,20,15,20,22,17,22,18,19,12,15,16,17,13, and 22. Construct a boxplot and check
for outliers of the given data set.

Solution:
Data Array: 10,12,13,15,15,16,17,17,18,19,20,20,22,22,22

1 ( N +1 ) 1 (15+ 1 ) 16
Q 1= = = =4
4 4 4

3 ( N +1 ) 3 ( 15+1 ) 48
Q 3= = = =12
4 4 4

Median=17

Q1=15
Q2=20
10 2 22

Median=17

10 12 14 16 18 20 22
 Section Exercise 4.13
1. A set of remittance of overseas contract workers from United Kingdom has the
following:

Summary Measure
Range 120
Standard Deviation 20
First Quartile 650
Third Quartile 730
Interquartile Range 80

If all the remittances UK pound (UK£) are converted to Philippines peso (₱) which is 60
times the amount of peso. What are the new values in Philippine peso (₱)?
Summary Measure
Range
Standard Deviation
First Quartile
Third Quartile
Interquartile Range

2. Measurements of the sizes of farms (in hectares) in the province of Bulacan yield the
following:

Summary Measure
Range 350
Standard Deviation 25
First Quartile 890
Third Quartile 1,110
Interquartile Range 220

If the staff of department of agriculture in the province of Bulacan made a wrong entries
with a deficit of 1.20 hectares in all land owners. What are the new values?
Solution:
 Summary Measure
Range
Standard Deviation
First Quartile
Third Quartile
Interquartile Range