Module Code & Module Title

FYP Topic

Assessment Type
25% Interim Report

Year and Semester

2020-21 Autumn

Student Name:
London Met ID:
College ID:
Assignment Due Date:
Assignment Submission Date:
Word Count:

I confirm that I understand my coursework needs to be submitted online via Google Classroom under
the relevant module page before the deadline in order for my assignment to be accepted and marked.
I am fully aware that late submissions will be treated as non-submission and a mark of zero will be
awarded.
Abstract

This report illustrates the mid-term of the development of the Agriculture

monitoring system with automated irrigation and the Water tank system which is based
in Arduino Uno. As many businesses and farmers still rely on traditional agriculture
methods and face many problems because of it, this project aims to solve those
problems and make the agriculture system even more efficient and productive. After
the completion of this project, there would be a system that automates the water tank
and irrigation system and monitors the indoor agriculture environment such as Nursery
and Greenhouse.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Introduction to the topic ................................................................................. 1

1.2. Current Scenario ........................................................................................... 1

1.3. Problem Statement ....................................................................................... 3

1.4. The project as a solution ............................................................................... 3

1.5. Aim and Objectives ....................................................................................... 4

1.5.1. Aim ......................................................................................................... 4

1.5.2. Objectives ............................................................................................... 4

1.6. Report Structure ............................................................................................ 5

1.6.1. Background ............................................................................................ 5

1.6.2. Development .......................................................................................... 5

1.6.3. Analysis of progress ............................................................................... 5

1.6.4. Future Work ............................................................................................ 5

2. Background ......................................................................................................... 6

2.1. Client’s Description and Requirements ......................................................... 6

2.1.1. Client’s Name ......................................................................................... 6

2.1.2. Description.............................................................................................. 6

2.1.3. Requirements ......................................................................................... 6

2.2. Understanding the Project ............................................................................. 8

2.2.1. IoT as a platform ..................................................................................... 8

2.2.2. Project Elaboration ................................................................................. 8

2.2.3. Project Deliveries .................................................................................... 9

2.3. Similar projects ............................................................................................ 10

2.3.1. Project 1: IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring and Irrigation System
Using Raspberry Pi Kit ...................................................................................... 10
 2.3.2. Project 2: Intelligent Irrigation system based on Arduino ...................... 10

2.3.3. Project 3: Automatic Water Tank Filling System Controlled using Arduino
based Sensor for Home Application. ................................................................. 11

2.4. Comparison of Table ................................................................................... 12

2.5. The conclusion from similar projects ........................................................... 12

3. Development ..................................................................................................... 13

3.1. Considered methodologies.......................................................................... 13

3.1.1. Waterfall methodology .......................................................................... 13

3.1.2. Agile methodology ................................................................................ 14

3.1.3. Prototype methodology ......................................................................... 14

3.2. Selected methodology ................................................................................. 16

3.2.1. Evolutionary Prototyping ....................................................................... 16

3.3. Work breakdown structure .......................................................................... 19

3.4. Gantt chart .................................................................................................. 20

4. Analysis of progress .......................................................................................... 22

4.1. Progress Table ............................................................................................ 22

4.2. Progress Review ......................................................................................... 23

4.2.1. Current scenario of progress ................................................................ 23

4.2.2. Progress Timeline ................................................................................. 23

4.2.3. Action plan ............................................................................................ 24

4.2.4. Circuit diagram ..................................................................................... 24

5. Future work ....................................................................................................... 26

5.1. Phases to complete ..................................................................................... 26

5.1.1. Prototype development ......................................................................... 26

5.1.2. Prototype refinement ............................................................................ 26

5.1.3. Testing, implementation, and documentation ....................................... 26

6. References........................................................................................................ 28
7. Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 30

8. Appendix ........................................................................................................... 31

8.1. Appendix 1: Resource requirements ........................................................... 31

8.2. Appendix 2: Survey Findings....................................................................... 33

8.3. Appendix 3: Milestones review .................................................................... 38

8.4. Appendix 4: Development Work .................................................................. 39

Table of Tables

Table 1 Project comparison table. ............................................................................ 12

Table 2 Advantage and Dis-advantage of evolutionary prototype. ........................... 16
Table 3 Gantt chart's date and durations.................................................................. 20
Table 4 Progress Table. ........................................................................................... 22
Table 5 Hardware requirements. .............................................................................. 31
Table 6 Software requirements. ............................................................................... 32
Table of Figures

Figure 1 Nepal's Agriculture imports 2018 (Prasain, 2018). ....................................... 2

Figure 2 Use of IoT on Agriculture based on the continents. (Igor, 2018) .................. 2
Figure 3 Waterfall Methodology (Mobile App Daily, 2019). ...................................... 13
Figure 4 Agile Methodology (Littlefield, 2019). ......................................................... 14
Figure 5 Prototype Methodology (Littlefield, 2019). .................................................. 15
Figure 6 Phases of Evolutionary prototyping model. ................................................ 17
Figure 7 Updated Work Breakdown Structure. ......................................................... 19
Figure 8 Updated Gantt Chart. ................................................................................. 20
Figure 9 Circuit diagram of an automated irrigation system. .................................... 24
Figure 10 Circuit diagram of an Automated water-tank system. ............................... 25
Figure 11 Survey question 1. ................................................................................... 33
Figure 12 Survey question 2. ................................................................................... 33
Figure 13 Survey question 3. ................................................................................... 34
Figure 14 Survey question 4. ................................................................................... 34
Figure 15 Survey question 5. ................................................................................... 35
Figure 16 Survey question 6. ................................................................................... 35
Figure 17 Survey question 7. ................................................................................... 36
Figure 18 Survey question 8. ................................................................................... 36
Figure 19 Survey question 9. ................................................................................... 37
Figure 20 Hardware of Automated Water-tank System. ........................................... 39
Figure 21 Development related to Automated water-tank system 1. ........................ 40
Figure 22 Development related to Automated water-tank system 2. ........................ 41
Figure 23 Development related to Automated water-tank system 3. ........................ 42
CS6P05 Final Year Project

1. Introduction

1.1. Introduction to the topic

As the technological revolution continues, every aspect is leaning towards the

technology to make the maximum use of it. Farmers are also slowly adopting
technology in the agriculture field. As the necessary goal to trend up in agriculture
continues, the use of an Agriculture Monitoring system with automated Irrigation and
water tank system can be a very great option to adapt to. The monitoring and
automation system can be implemented in the agriculture sector to gain efficiency and
simplicity by reducing the cost and resources and utilizing the technology for the better
(Vineela et al., 2018).

1.2. Current Scenario

The use of technology to improve agriculture has always been viewed as having
great potential. Due to the efficiency and productivity that technology offers, agriculture
around the globe is rapidly leaning towards the use of technology in agriculture. But in
the context of Nepal, the population that uses technology in agriculture is very few.
About 80% of the total population relies on farming but still, Nepal is totally dependent
on India and other markets for agricultural goods. The dependency on rainwater and
lack of utilization of water have led to inefficient and less productive agricultural
production (Shukla et al., 2014).

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Figure 1 Nepal's Agriculture imports 2018 (Prasain, 2018).

The agriculture land is decreasing, and the population is increasing each year which
has increased the need to adopt the technology and shift toward the systematic
agriculture system. (Trading Economics, 2014)

Figure 2 Use of IoT on Agriculture based on the continents. (Igor, 2018)

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1.3. Problem Statement

Agriculture is the most important sector of the world. In a country like Nepal,
about 80 percent of people are involved in agriculture and the major source of the
country’s economy comes from it, but still, the agriculture industry is facing many
problems as people are unaware of the new technologies that cost them less than the
traditional method. Some of the major problems faced by farmers because of the lack
of technology use are:

i. Wastage of water.
ii. Unscientific and Ineffective agriculture method resulting in the waste of human
resources and money.
iii. Decrease in crop production because of a lack of monitoring system (Sarkar et
al., 2018).

1.4. The project as a solution

The use of an Agriculture Monitoring system with an automated Irrigation system

provides the user-friendly interface to monitor agriculture and automated irrigation at
a lower cost, that makes the field cultivation process much simpler and efficient. The
agriculture process can be carried out in a systematic environment with the help of
technology which helps to increase productivity and decrease the cost. Some of the
major solutions to the problems that the project provides are:

i. Utilizes water, power consumption, and manpower.

ii. Monitors the environment and keeps the record and analyses it.
iii. Monitoring and controlling from a remote distance.
iv. Increases crop production because of applied scientific-technological
measures (Sukumar et al., 2018).

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1.5. Aim and Objectives

1.5.1. Aim

The main aim of this project is to eradicate the problems of the traditional
agriculture methods and introduce a cost and work efficient technology to manage and
automate the various aspects of agriculture in a productive, efficient and scientific
manner.

1.5.2. Objectives

The Objectives of the project are:

• To use the IoT devices to develop a prototype project of Agriculture monitoring and
automated irrigation and water tank system.
• To have extensive knowledge of programming concepts.
• To determine the application areas of the project.
• To collect and analyze the requirements from the client.
• To automate the irrigation and water tank system.
• To analyze the data to generate simple and meaningful information.
• To research the domain IoT and its use on agriculture.

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1.6. Report Structure

1.6.1. Background

The background provides a better understanding of the project by

clarifying the requirements and description of the project and its targeted customers.
It also helps to learn about similar projects and compare this project with similar
projects to provide a better understanding of the features and components.

1.6.2. Development

Development explains how the project is going to be developed. It explains

about considered and selected the methodologies and analyses different phases of
the selected methodologies. It also shows the different task breakdowns (WBS) that
are carried out and that are to be carried out in a timeline format (Gantt chart).

1.6.3. Analysis of progress

This section explains and analyzes the progress to date. It provides the current
scenario of the progress, reviews it and shows the development progress. It shows
the hardware and software development progress with the circuit diagram. It also
explains why the project was lacking behind according to the Gantt chart of the
proposal and provides the action plan to cover the lost time and complete the project.

1.6.4. Future Work

Future work is the last section that explains the phases (development and
documentation) that are yet to complete and plans for carrying out and completing the
project.
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2. Background

2.1. Client’s Description and Requirements

2.1.1. Client’s Name

Gautam Nursery

2.1.2. Description

The client for the project is Gautam Nursery which is in the Kausaltar,
Bhaktapur. It is an agriculture-related organization that grows plants and protects it in
a systematic environment. It provides the landscape and gardening solution for its
customers. It has worked in the agriculture sector for 6+ years.

Gautam Nursery has agreed to by the client for this project as they found this
project feasible and useful. They are willing to cooperate with the suggestions and by
providing the necessary requirements.

2.1.3. Requirements

1. The system should be able to automate the water tank:

The system should turn off the water supply when the water level is full and provide
an alert when the water level is too low. The system should keep track of the water
level and display it.

2. The System should be able to automate the Irrigation system:

The plants are categorized according to the amount of water they need to grow, so
the irrigation must be customizable to adjust the water level that is required by the
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plant. After the irrigation process is customized according to the requirement of the
plant, the moister sensor should sense the moister level and automate the irrigation if
the water requirement level falls below the threshold level. The moister level should
be displayed to the user and an alert message should be sent at the starting and
completion of the irrigation process.

3. The agriculture Monitoring System:

The system should be able to monitor the plant and provide various information
such as temperature, humidity, and time. The data collected from the monitoring
system should be displayed on the web-page in a simple manner.

4. Storing:

All the data should be stored so that it can be accessed in the future. The stored
data helps to reflect the growth and requirement of the plant. It can be helpful to
understand the changes and water requirements in various seasons.

5. Display:

The above-mentioned information should be displayed on a web-page so that it

can be accessed easily from anywhere. The interface should be clean and simple for
the ease of understanding the given information. The user should also be able to
access the data.

6. Cost-effective:

The system should be cost-efficient as the cost is the most important factor that
business management would consider.

7. Accessibility:

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The monitoring system should be accessible from a remote place through the
internet. The alert message should also be forwarded to the webpage.

2.2. Understanding the Project

2.2.1. IoT as a platform

IoT (Internet of Things) means the network of devices that are connected to the
internet, collecting and sharing data. IoT consists of a main device such as Raspberry
Pi and Arduino which can be programmed to perform certain tasks. It might consist of
one or many sensors to interact with the environment and generate the data (Hassan,
2018). The IoT devices can perform basic to advance tasks and can be very useful to
run various operations because of its properties of connectivity and the ability to share
data (Pal & Purushothaman, 2017).

2.2.2. Project Elaboration

The project uses two Arduino Uno for controlling the multiple aspects of the
agricultural system. One Arduino automates the Water tank system, and another
automates the irrigation and monitoring system. The first component measures and
regulates the water level in the tank. The system alerts the user if the water level is
low and turns the motor off if the water level reaches too high. It also displays the level
of water present in the tank. The second component performs the irrigation as per the
data sent by the moisture sensor. If the moisture level is too low the systems irrigate
the plant and stops irrigation when the threshold level of moisture is met. The threshold
level can be set by the user as per the type and growth of the plant. The user must
categorize the plant for irrigation to work effectively. It utilizes water from the water
tank. The second component also monitors and displays the temperature, moisture,
humidity and time from the agriculture land to the user. The data generated by the
sensors are forwarded to the web-page remotely using third-party API. The user can

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monitor and control the system using the webpage. The user must be connected to a
network to receive and send the information.

The expected outcome of the project would be a prototype IoT device which is made
up of motors, sensor and other various electronic components which is connected to
the Arduino that acts as the brain of all the hardware used.

2.2.3. Project Deliveries

The project is targeted to the farmers and business sectors who are willing to
do agriculture in a scientific way using technology. The project is mainly aimed at the
indoor and systematic agriculture environment. The project can also be useful to the
agriculture researchers as the displayed information helps to provide information
based on various categories.

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2.3. Similar projects

2.3.1. Project 1: IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring and Irrigation System
Using Raspberry Pi Kit

Author: P. Nandhini, V. Kalpana, J. Sikkandhar Batcha

The project aims to reduce the wastage of water, and fertilizers and increase
crop production using IoT technology. The project uses four major components
Raspberry Pi, DHT11Sensor, Soil moisture sensor, and Relay. This project uses the
wireless sensor network that collects data from the various sensors which are
distributed and functional at various points and forward it through the wireless protocol.
The author believes that traditional agriculture system is not as effective as the
automated system, so the given system helps to increase the productivity at every
stage of the production. The software used in the projects is Python programming and
ThingSpeak (an opensource IOT application and API). The project helps to provide
the solution for the irrigation problems and lack of utilization of the water (Nandhini et
al., 2018).

2.3.2. Project 2: Intelligent Irrigation system based on Arduino

Authors: C. Gilarranz, S. Altares, M. Loizu

The project uses the Arduino as the main component along with humidity,
temperature, pressure, and water flow sensors. The project aims to automate the
irrigation system to increase the accuracy and efficiency in terms of water application
allowing a user to manage the system more comfortably. The project uses four Arduino
devices and sensors that would communicate through the Bluetooth module HC-05.
All the Arduinos collects the data from its sensors and sends it to the central Arduino
which is responsible for analyzing and forwarding all the data. The author thinks that
the use of traditional methods slows the entire agriculture industry down because of

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which sooner or later agriculture companies should start applying the technology in
agriculture (Gilarranz et al., 2013).

2.3.3. Project 3: Automatic Water Tank Filling System Controlled using Arduino
based Sensor for Home Application.

Authors: Eka Cahya Prima, Siti Sarah Munifaha, Robby Salam, Muhamad Haidzar
Aziz, Agustin Tia Suryani

The project uses an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino to automate the water tank system.
The system alerts the user if the water level is too low or too high. The project targets
to eliminate the wastage of water and energy consumption and make the user aware
of their water consumption. The project also saves the time of the user as the user
does not need to worry about the water tank anymore (Prima et al., 2017).

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2.4. Comparison of Table

Table 1 Project comparison table.

S. Features Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 This project

N
1. Medium for Wi-Fi Bluetooth Pin Wi-Fi
communication.
2. Microcontroller used. Raspberry Arduino Uno Arduino Arduino
Pi Uno Uno
3. Automated Irrigation.
4. Automated Water-
tank.
5. Agriculture
Monitoring system.
6. Web-app to display
output.
7. Remote data
accessibility.
8. Easy to use.

9. Provides alert.

2.5. The conclusion from similar projects

Taking all the features provided by similar projects into consideration, we can
clearly see that the purposed system provides all the basic features at a very minimal
cost. It does decent work with less complexity. None of the projects had both
automated water-tank and irrigation systems along with a monitoring system like this
project. The composition of all these features aims to satisfy the requirement and
expectations of the client.

(Resource Requirements: Appendix 1)

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3. Development

3.1. Considered methodologies

3.1.1. Waterfall methodology

It is a type of methodology where all the phrases of a development process are

divided into separate and the result of a phrase acts as the start point for the next
phase sequentially. In this methodology all the requirements are gathered at first then
the tasks are divided into different sequential phrases (Charvat, 2003). This
methodology was considered as all the requirements were collected from the client
but since there could be changes in the requirements of the client it is not feasible for
the project.

Figure 3 Waterfall Methodology (Mobile App Daily, 2019).

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3.1.2. Agile methodology

It is a type of methodology where the requirement and the solution of it evolve

through the collective action of teams and the client. The task is broken down into
several phrases and continuous improvement and iteration are done by interacting
with the stakeholders. The divided portions are called sprints (Charvat, 2003). This
methodology was considered as various tasks that could be carried out dividing them
into portions but client interaction and involvement in every sprint are not possible
because of which it was not selected.

Figure 4 Agile Methodology (Littlefield, 2019).

3.1.3. Prototype methodology

It is the type of methodology in which the initial requirement is collected,

successive prototypes are produced with added features and improvements and the
process is repeated until the product that satisfies the client is produced. Prototype
methodology is the most feasible methodology in the context of this project. (Charvat,
2003)

The four types of prototype methodologies are:

• Rapid throwaway prototype.

• Evolutionary prototype.
• Incremental prototype.
• Extreme prototype.

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Figure 5 Prototype Methodology (Littlefield, 2019).

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3.2. Selected methodology

3.2.1. Evolutionary Prototyping

Evolutionary prototyping (Breadboard prototyping) aims to build a robust

system by constantly refining it until the exception of the client is met. It allows to add
or remove the feature according to the change in the requirement (Charvat, 2003).

The methodology followed for the system is Evolutionary Prototype methodology as

changes are a common and necessary part of the system. The new features could be
added, or an old feature could be removed to make the project more practical, efficient,
and market-ready. Innovations are common in the IoT system and with new ideas
come new changes, this provides the system to be flexible. Design, testing, and
improvement is what makes the innovation and changes possible which will eventually
be able to satisfy the customer. The prototype can be changed multiple times as the
requirement of the client is not very clear from the project perspective and it might
change over time. The evolutionary prototype methodology also welcomes criticism
from the internal and external supervision in the context of this system.

The advantages and disadvantages of evolutionary prototyping are:

Table 2 Advantage and Dis-advantage of the evolutionary prototype.

Advantages Disadvantage
Ensures client’s satisfaction and comfort. Costly and time-consuming.
New requirements are welcomed. Documentation with the development
can be frustrating as the product is
continuously changing.
Flexibility in terms of design. Frequent changes and high maintenance
cost.
Most needed functionalities are The customer might lose interest if the
integrated first. first prototype does not satisfy their
expectations.

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The four phases of the Evolutionary Prototyping methodology are:

Figure 6 Phases of Evolutionary prototyping model.

3.2.1.1. Initial Concept

It is the first phase in which initial requirements are collected and analyzed from
the client. The client might not have a clear vision of the requirements, but it provides
the basic idea of how the system should be made. The basic requirements include
expected outputs, must-have features, most important components and so on (Budde
et al., 1992).

3.2.1.2. Create a Prototype

In this phase, a prototype is created by analyzing and refining the basic

requirements collected from the client. A prototype based on a basic requirement is
made and presented to the client.

3.2.1.3. Refine Prototyping

The third phase helps in project modification, refinement, and optimization as

per the requirement of the client. The original prototype is rebuilt continuously with the
help of requirements that the client provides, and it is done until the final output that
satisfies the client is produced (Budde et al., 1992).

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3.2.1.4. Release final Version

The final phase aims to produce the finalized prototype. The scope of the
project is altered, and enhancement is done as per the feedback of the client. Upon
completion, the product will be provided to the client (Budde et al., 1992).

(Survey Findings: Appendix 2)

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3.3. Work breakdown structure

Figure 7 Updated Work Breakdown Structure.

(Milestones Review: Appendix 3)

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3.4. Gantt chart

Figure 8 Updated Gantt Chart.

The Gantt chart’s date, duration, and percentage of completion is shown in the tabular
format below:

Table 3 Gantt chart's date and durations.

Duration
SN Tasks Start Date End Date (Days)
1 Topic Selection 15/10/2019 20/10/2019 6
2 Feasibility Study 21/10/2019 25/10/2019 5
3 Cost Estimation 26/10/2019 31/10/2019 6
4 Research on similar projects 01/11/2019 10/11/2019 10
5 Technical Research 05/11/2019 05/12/2019 31
6 Finalize Proposal 13/11/2019 22/11/2019 10
6 Conduct a Survey 06/12/2019 12/12/2019 7
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7 Selection of a client. 13/12/2019 17/12/2019 5

8 Gather initial requirement 15/12/2019 19/12/2019 5
9 Finalize Interim report 25/12/2019 07/01/2020 14
Develop an automated water
10 tank system 19/12/2019 15/01/2020 28
Develop an automated irrigation
11 system 16/01/2020 05/02/2020 20
Integrate agriculture monitoring
12 system 06/02/2020 15/02/2020 10
13 Develop a web application. 16/02/2020 29/02/2020 14
14 Compilation and testing 01/03/2020 05/03/2020 5
15 Client meet up 06/03/2020 07/03/2020 2
16 Optimize hardware 08/03/2020 12/03/2020 5
17 Optimize Software 13/03/2020 17/03/2020 5
18 Testing 18/03/2020 20/03/2020 3
19 Final Client meet-up 21/03/2020 23/03/2020 3
20 Final FYP Report 08/03/2020 10/04/2020 29
21 Review and refinement 11/04/2020 20/04/2020 10

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4. Analysis of progress

4.1. Progress Table

Table 4 Progress Table.

SN Tasks Status Progress (%)

1 Topic Selection Completed 100%
2 Feasibility Study Completed 100%
3 Cost Estimation Completed 100%
4 Research on similar projects Completed 100%
5 Technical Research Partially Completed 60%
6 Finalize Proposal Completed 100%
6 Conduct a Survey Completed 100%
7 Selection of a client. Completed 100%
8 Gather initial requirement Completed 100%
9 Finalize Interim report Completed 100%
Develop an automated water tank
10 system Partially Completed 40%
Develop an automated irrigation
11 system Incomplete 0%
Integrate agriculture monitoring
12 system Incomplete 0%
13 Develop a web application. Incomplete 0%
14 Compilation and testing Incomplete 0%
15 Client meet up Incomplete 0%
16 Optimize hardware Incomplete 0%
17 Optimize Software Incomplete 0%
18 Testing Incomplete 0%
19 Final Client meet-up Incomplete 0%
20 Final FYP Report Incomplete 0%
21 Review and refinement Incomplete 0%

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4.2. Progress Review

4.2.1. Current scenario of progress

In the initial phase, the process of topic selection and feasibility study was
carried out for making sure if the topic is viable or not. The survey was conducted to
collect the data then a client was selected. To gather the initial requirement an
interview with the client was conducted. Based on the requirements the cost estimation
was done and most of the hardware component was purchased to start with the
development work. In addition to that, research on similar projects and tools and
technique was done to have an in-depth idea to start with the project work.

The Survey was conducted among 25 people to have an idea of what do people expect
from a project like this. Survey also helped to have an idea about the important
features and its usability. It also helped the project target mainly indoor environments
like greenhouse and Nursery. After doing the detailed analysis, the evolutionary
prototype methodology was chosen for the development of the system. Work break
down structure and Gantt charts were made for the ease of carrying out the
development work.

The development of the first component i.e. Automated Water-tank system was
started. 40% development of the first component is completed to date.

(Screenshots of development work: Appendix 4)

4.2.2. Progress Timeline

The works of the project could not be carried out on time according to the Gantt
chart submitted in the proposal because the research process took longer than it was
initially thought and there was some addition in tasks such as conducting the survey,
interview with the client which caused the planned timeline to be out of track.

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4.2.3. Action plan

The tasks of the project will be carried out according to the new Gantt chart
made for the interim report. Multiple tasks such as reporting, development, testing,
and project refinement will be carried out simultaneously to bring back the project back
in track.

4.2.4. Circuit diagram

Figure 9 Circuit diagram of an automated irrigation system.

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Figure 10 Circuit diagram of an Automated water-tank system.

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5. Future work

5.1. Phases to complete

5.1.1. Prototype development

I would carry out the development work to develop the prototype system. I
would work on the second phase of the evolutionary prototype methodology as the
initial requirement gathering is already completed in the first phase i.e. initial concept.
The prototype will be based on the basic requirements of the client. The prototype will
be divided into two portions. The first one is an automated water-tank system, the
system will automate the water-tank with the help of Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor
and relay. The second portion is automated irrigation and monitoring system, the
system will automate the irrigation process by using water Arduino Uno water motor,
soil moisture sensor, and relay, the monitoring system will also be based on same
Arduino and it will be used to monitor temperature, humidity and moisture by using the
sensor. Along with that, wee-app will be created to carry out the monitoring process
and to get the alerts.

5.1.2. Prototype refinement

In this stage, feedback from the client is taken and changes are made according
to their interest. The product from the prototype development phase is modified
according to the requirement from the client. Requirement gathering, refinement and
client evaluation is repeated until the product that satisfies the client is produced.

5.1.3. Testing, implementation, and documentation

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The final product is tested and implemented in the client’s environment. Along
with the completion of the development, the final documentation portion is also carried
out.

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6. References

1. Gilarranz, C., Altares, S. & Loizu, M. (2013) Intelligent Irrigation System Based on
Arduino. Project Report.

2. Igor, I. (2018) Digital Technologies in Agriculture: adoption, value-added and

overview [Online]. Available from: https://medium.com/remote-sensing-in-
agriculture/digital-technologies-in-agriculture-adoption-value-added-and-
overview-d35a1564ff67 [Accessed 05 January 2020].

3. Littlefield, B. (2019) The coolblueweb Guide to Agile Methodology [Online].

Available from: https://coolblueweb.com/blog/guide-to-agile-methodology/
[Accessed 05 January 2020].

4. Mobile App Daily. (2019) Which Approach Is Best For Your Project: Waterfall Vs
Agile Methodology? [Online]. Available from:
https://www.mobileappdaily.com/waterfall-and-agile-methodology-comparison
[Accessed 05 January 2020].

5. Nandhini, P., Kalpana, V. & Batcha, J.S. (2018) IoT Based Smart Agriculture
Monitoring and Irrigation System Using Raspberry Pi Kit. International Journal of
Engineering Development and Research, 6(2), pp.820-24.

6. Prasain, S. (2018) Agro products import bill crosses Rs200b. News Report.
Kathmandu: The Kathmandu Post The Kathmandu Post.

7. Prima, et al. (2017) Automatic Water Tank Filling System Controlled using Arduino
based Sensor for Home Application. Engineering Physics International
Conference, EPIC 2016. Elsevier.

8. Sarkar, S., Bhowmick, A., Mukherjee, A. & Guhathakurata, I. (2018) Smart

Agriculture and Irrigation Monitoring System using IoT. Project Summary.
Adisaptagram: researchgate Academy of technology.

9. Shukla, K.K., Patel, D.J. & Radadiya, B.L. (2014) Role of Information Technology
in Improvement of Current Scenario in Agriculture. ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 7(3), pp.390-95.

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10. Sukumar, D.P. et al. (2018) IOT based agriculture crop-field monitoring system and
irrigation automation. International Journal of Intellectual Advancements and
Research in Engineering Computations, 6(1), pp.377-82.

11. Trading Economics. (2014) Nepal - Agricultural Land (% Of Land Area). An

agriculture Census report. Kathmandu: Trading Economics Trading Economics.

12. Vineela, T. et al. (2018) IoT Based Agriculture Monitoring and Smart Irrigation
System Using Raspberry Pi. International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), 05(01), pp.1417-20.

13. Yuvaraju, D.M. & Priyanga, K.J. (2018) An IOT Based Automatic Agricultural
Monitoring and Irrigation System. International Journal of Scientific Research in
Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 4(5), pp.58-65.

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7. Bibliography

1. Blum, J. (2013) Exploring Arduino: Tools and Techniques for Engineering

Wizardry. 1st ed. Indianapolis: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Budde, Kautz, Kuhlenkamp, & Züllighoven. (1992) Prototyping: An Approach to

Evolutionary System Development. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

3. Charvat, J. (2003) Project Management Methodologies. 1st ed. New Jersey: John
wiley and sons, Inc.

4. Halfacree, G. (2018) The Official Raspberry Pi Beginner's guide on how to use your
new computer. 1st ed. Cambridge: Raspberry Pi press.

5. Hassan, Q.F. (2018) Internet of Things A to Z: Technologies and Applications. 1st

ed. Wiley.

6. Pal, A. & Purushothaman, B. (2017) IoT Technical Challenges and Solutions. 1st
ed. Artech House.

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8. Appendix

8.1. Appendix 1: Resource requirements

There are various hardware and software tools needed for the completion of the
project.

The hardware requirements are:

Table 5 Hardware requirements.

Computer A laptop or a desktop computer is required to program

the Arduino and document the necessary information
about the project. It is also required to build the
database and carry out the research work. A computer
with a proper internet connection is mandatory.

Arduino Uno It is the small-sized, single-board computer that

provides various functionalities such as browsing the
internet, performing computational tasks and so on. It
can be programmed using the Arduino programming
language and Arduino Software (IDE) (Blum, 2013). In
the project, Arduino acts as the brain as it will be
programmed to control and instruct all the sensors and
analyze the data. Multiple Arduino will be used in the
project (Halfacree, 2018).

Sensors It helps to generate the data based on the environment

it is exposed to. As this is an IOT project there are
various sensors that will be used in the project. The
sensors that will be used in the project are the
Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor, Soil Moisture

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Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Temperature sensor

(Yuvaraju & Priyanga, 2018).

Other hardware Other hardware requirements are: A/D converter, led

required lights, jumper wires, Wi-Fi module, relay, a proper
Internet connection, and a good environment to make
and run the system.

The software requirements are:

Table 6 Software requirements.

C++ C++ is the programming language that will be used for

programming the Arduino Uno for the project.

HTML HTML will be used to develop the webpage that

displays all the necessary information that is sent by the
sensors through the API or Server.

Documentation Various software is required for the process of

Software documentation. Some of them are Microsoft word,
snipping tool, designing tools (Visio, draw.io),
simulation software and so on.

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8.2. Appendix 2: Survey Findings

The survey was conducted among 25 people with different age groups, occupations,
and gender (72% male and 28% female). 15 of them were a student and 6 of them
were related to agriculture.

Figure 11 Survey question 1.

Figure 12 Survey question 2.

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Figure 13 Survey question 3.

Figure 14 Survey question 4.

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Figure 15 Survey question 5.

Figure 16 Survey question 6.

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Figure 17 Survey question 7.

Figure 18 Survey question 8.

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Figure 19 Survey question 9.

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8.3. Appendix 3: Milestones review

✓ Milestone 1: Topic selection.

o Status: Completed.
✓ Milestone 2: Proposal Submission.
o Status: Completed.
✓ Milestone 3: Client selection.
o Status: Completed.
✓ Milestone 4: Interim report Submission.
o Status: Completed.
✓ Milestone 5: Complete development related to the Water-tank system.
o Status: Ongoing.
✓ Milestone 6: Complete development related to Irrigation System.
o Status: Not completed.
✓ Milestone 7: Complete development related to Agriculture monitoring system.
o Status: Not completed.
✓ Milestone 8: Complete development related to the website.
o Status: Not completed.
✓ Milestone 9: Completion of Testing.
o Status: Not completed.
✓ Milestone 10: Complete the final documentation.
o Status: Not completed.
✓ Milestone 11: Project submission.
o Status: Not completed.

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8.4. Appendix 4: Development Work

Figure 20 Hardware of Automated Water-tank System.

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Figure 21 Development related to Automated water-tank system 1.

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Figure 22 Development related to Automated water-tank system 2.

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Figure 23 Development related to Automated water-tank system 3.

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