PFI Standard ES-44

|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

DRAFTING PRACTICES STANDARD

Prepared by
Pipe Fabrication Institute Engineering Committee

All PFI Standards are advisory only. There is no

agreement to adhere to any PFI Standard and their
use by anyone is entirely voluntary.

Copyright by

PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE

Dedicated to Technical Advancements and Standardization in
the Pipe Fabrication Industry
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Since 1913
USA CANADA
511 Avenue of America’s, # 601 655, 32nd Avenue, # 201
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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

DRAFTING PRACTICES STANDARD

1. Scope  Assembly mark number

1.1 This standard describes the basic recommended  Quantity required
drafting practices for the pipe fabrication shop.
 Shop job number

2. Context  Date & Revision

2.1 The bulk of shop work is made up of prefabricated  Name or initials of draftsperson & checker
spools, which are pre-arranged piping components 3.3 Miscellaneous notes and spacing
joined between designated field connections.
Before fabrication can commence in the workshop
 Space for material description by quantity, size,
the spool has to be detailed on paper. The prime
item number, schedule & material specification
purpose of shop engineering is to: (A) Standardize
the display of information to the shop floor to  Space for labor operations
promote efficiency, (B) Minimize possible
misunderstanding and error by shop personnel  Space for code, customer specification, welding
during fabrication, (C) Aid in the resolution of procedure, NDE, hydrostatic test, etc.
conflicts within contract documents. It is  Space for surface preparation (inside & outside),
recommended that the draftsperson use his own color code
judgment and experience on whether to rotate the
configuration so that clearer definition may be  Space for total weight and shipping preparation
provided to shop personnel. 3.4 Material sequence -- Consistent listing of materials
assists the material control department in readily
3. Standards recognizing shortages. The following is a
suggested sequence of listing materials:
3.1 Spool Drawings -- The spool drawings should be
detailed on an easy to handle form or paper size
(i.e.; 8 1/2" x 11", 8 1/2"x 14" or 11" x 17"). The  Pipe
configurations are drawn in arrangement drawing  Fittings (elbows, tees, reducers, caps, etc.)
(single or double line) or in single line/non-scale or
isometric projection. Reasonably proportionate  Flanges (weld neck, slip-on, blind, reducing
dimensioning between components should be used. flanges, etc.)
Table 1 illustrates:  Branch Connections & Couplings

 Figure 1: Arrangement drawing (double line)  Miscellaneous items

 Figure 2: Arrangement drawing (single line)  End protectors

 Figure 3: Non-scale isometric drawing 3.5 Material description

 Figure 4: Conventional practice to show non-  Pipe - 1/8" through 24" inclusive, will be
flanged joints described by Standard Weight (Std. Wt.) Extra
3.2 Spool drawing layout -- The spool drawing layout Strong (XS) or Double Extra Strong (XXS) where
must contain as a minimum, the following the wall thickness is identical to a schedule
information: number. Schedule numbers will be used to
identify all other published material sizes.
 Customer name & Purchase order number Special sizes will be specified by O.D. (or I.D.)
and nominal (or minimum) wall thickness. (i.e.:
 Project name & Reference number 20" O.D. x .750" wall).
 Reference customer drawing number  Welding fittings - 1/8" through 24" inclusive, will
be described as Standard Weight (Std. Wt.), Extra

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Strong (XS) or Double Extra Strong (XXS) where 4. Abbreviations

the wall thickness is identical to a schedule
number. Schedule numbers will be used to 4.1 Table 2 lists abbreviation examples used by shop
identify all other published material sizes. engineering and pipe shop personnel.
Special size will be specified by O.D. (or I.D.)
and nominal (or minimum) wall thickness (i.e.: 5. Symbols
20" O.D. x 750" wall).
5.1 Table 3 and Table 4 illustrate miscellaneous
 Reducing fittings - when different schedules or drafting symbols.
end preparations are required, both must be listed
in the description (i.e.: Std / XS “BE x PE”) - 6. Spooling Practices
with the large size first.
6.1 The following tables illustrate miscellaneous
 Flanges will be described by class and type. spooling practices:
Socket weld and weldneck flange bores shall be
specified as Std., XS., or XXS except in cases  Table 5 Dimensioning
where schedule or exact bore is required (i.e.:
sch.120 or 8.265" bore).  Table 6 Bubbles & Orientational Leaders

 Threaded and/or Socket weld, forged steel fittings  Table 7 Vertical Offset
will be specified by Class rating and/or schedule  Table 8 Horizontal Offset
number (i.e.: 3M, CL3000, 3000#, SCH 80, …)
 Table 9 Bend Spool
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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 1: Arrangement Drawings

Figure 1 - "Double Line"

Figure 2 - "Single Line"

Figure 3 - "Non-Scale Isometric"

butt weld socket weld threaded joint

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Figure 4 - "Non-Flanged Joints"

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 2 : Abbreviations

Beveled End BE Long Radius Elbow LR ELL

Beveled Both Ends BBE Male National Pipe Thread MNPT
Beveled Large End BLE National Pipe Thread NPT
Beveled Small End BSE Nominal NOM
Bolt Circle Diameter BCD Non Destructive Examination NDE
Bottom of Pipe BOP Not to Scale NTS
Bottom of Plate BOPL Orifice ORIF
Buttweld BW Outside Diameter OD
Carbon Steel CS Plain End PE
Centerline CL Plain Both Ends PBE
Concentric CONC Plain Large End PLE
Chrome Molybdenum Cr Mo Plain Small End PSE
Coupling CPLG Plate PL
Diameter DIA Post Weld Heat Treat PWHT
Double Extra Strong XXS Protector PROT
Double Submerged Arc Welded DSAW Quality Control QC
Dummy Weld DW Raised Face RF
Eccentric ECC Radius RAD
Elbolet EOL Reducer or Reducing RED
Elbow ELL Reducing Insert RED INS
Electric Resistance Welded ERW Reducing Tee RED TEE
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Electric Fusion Welded EFW Ring Type Joint RTJ

End Protector END PROT Schedule SCH
Extra Strong XS Seamless SMLS
Female National Pipe Thread FNPT Semi-Elliptical Head SE HEAD
Field Fit Allowance FFA Short Radius Elbow SR ELL
Field Weld FW Slip-On SO
Fitting to Fitting FTF Socket Weld SW
Flange FLG Sockolet SOL
Flange Protector FLG PROT Stainless Steel SS
Flanged & Dished F&D Standard STD
Flat Face FF Steel STL
Flat on Bottom FOB Straight Tee TEE
Flat on Top FOT Stress Relieve SR
Forged Steel FS Swage SWG
GammaRay Opening GRO Tangent Point TP
Grit Blast GB Taper Bore TB
Grit Blast & Prime GB&P Thread THRD
Grooved End GE Thread Both Ends TBE
Grooved Both Ends GBE Thread Large End TLE
Grooved Large End GLE Thread One End TOE
Grooved Small End GSE Thread Small End TSE
Header HDR Threadolet TOL
Horizontal HOR Typical TYP
Inside Diameter ID Vertical VERT
Jack Screw JS Welded WLD
Lap Joint Flange LJ FLG Weld Cap WC
Latrolet LOL Weld Neck WN

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

weldneck flange slip-on, reducing slip-on & blind weldneck orifice flange
flange

socketweld flange lapjoint flange with stubend screwed flange

90º weldell concentric reducer eccentric reducer

straight tee 90º reducing weldell weldcap & flanged olet

180º return weld saddle lateral

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 4: Pipe End Preparations, Branch Connections, O'lets and Swages

pipe - plain / beveled end pipe - threaded / plain with trim miter cut - plain end
allowance
PE-TA
BE

PE DEG.
NPT

miter cut - beveled end 90° nozzle weld 90° reinforced nozzle weld

BRCH.

DEG.
HDR.

90° dummy nozzle weld dummy nozzle weld on elbow Threadolet, sockolet, weldolet,
sweepolet

coupling elbolet latrolet

nipolet concentric swage eccentric swage

PE or
BE or NPT
SMALL END
SMALL END TYPE
TYPE

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 5: Dimensioning

FOB

PSE

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 6: Item Bubbles & Orientational Leaders

DIMENSIONAL
LEADERS
DO NOT TOUCH
AND EXTEND
SLIGHTLY PAST
DIMENSION
LINES

MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
CALLOUT BUBBLES SHOULD
BE PLACED REASONABLY
CLOSE TO THE ITEM BEING
IDENTIFIED. DIMENSION
LINE LEADERS SHALL SHOW
ORIENTATION OF

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COUPLING & FLANGES
WHWNWVWR POSSIBLE

IN ADDITION, WELDS MAY BE

IDENTIFIED ON THE SPOOL
DRAWING

DIMENSION LINES FOLLOW THE

LINE OF THE SUBJECT DRAWING DIMENSIONAL FIGURES "LAY" IN
AND ARE SPACED WELL AWAY TO THE SAME ISOMETRIC PLANE AS
ALLOW ADEQUATE ROOM FOR THE DIMENSION LINES
CLEAR DIMENSIONING

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 7: Vertical Offset

FLANGE & REDUCER

DRAWN IN LINE
WITH DIMENSION

WHEN POSSIBLE PLACE

ALL DIMENSIONS ON
SAME SIDE OF LAYOUT
BUBBLE
SHOWING
DIRECTION

LEADERS DO CROSS
LAYOUT IN THIS
INSTANCE
EXTEND OFFSET TO
ALLOW CLEAR
DIMENSIONING

CONSTRUCTION
LINES CROSS
*
AT INTERSECTION °VERT.

ARC DRAWN IN
VERTICAL PLANE
FOR VERTICAL
OFFSET
BREAK CONSTRUCTION
* LINE HERE TO GIVE
TRUE PERSPECTIVE

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 8: Horizontal Offset

BREAK CONSTRUCTION
LINE TO ALLOW FOR
FIGURES

* ARC DRAWN IN
HORIZONTAL PLANE
FOR HORIZONTAL
OFFSET

°HORIZ.
*

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DIMENSION
HERE IS TO
WELD LINE

DIMENSION TO
OF TEE
USE OF TAIL
DIMENSIONS;
DIMENSION TOWARD
THE WELD CAP NOT FROM IT

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 PFI Standard ES-44
|Denotes Revision (Revised December 2013)

Table 9: Bend Spool

WHEN BENDING IS COMPLETE IT IS THEN

REGARDED AS A FITTING AND INCORPORATED
INTO THE SPOOL AS SHOWN. THE PRECISE
DEVELOPED LENGTH IS LISTED IN THE
MATERIAL CALLOUT ALONG WITH THE
ANGLE OF BEND AND, IN TURN, CROSS
REFERENCED TO THE BEND
BE DETAIL

TO DIFFERENTIATE WITH ELBOW AND TO

BE READILY RECOGNIZABLE, BEND MUST
BE SPOOLED USING A CURVED LINE.

CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO SHOW

TANGENT POINTS AND RADIUS IN
THE CORRECT PLANE

TANGENT POINTS AND RADIUS SERVE

AS A REFERENCE TO THE FABRICATION
SHOP IN THE EVENT TRIMMING IS
REQUIRED
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 CURRENT INDEX OF 2014-2015
PFI STANDARDS & TECHNICAL BULLETINS
Engineering and Design
ES02 R13 Method of Dimensioning Piping Assemblies
ES07 R13 Minimum Length and Spacing for Welded Nozzles
ES16 R13 Access Holes, Bosses, and Plugs for Radiographic Inspection of Pipe Welds
ES26 R13 Welded Load Bearing Attachments to Pressure Retaining Piping Materials
ES36 R13 Branch Reinforcement Work Sheets.
ES36 R13 Branch Reinforcement Work Sheets – ELECTRONIC VERSION
ES40 RA10 Method of Dimensioning Grooved Piping Assemblies
ES44 R13 Drafting Practices Standard
Welding and Fabrication
ES01 R10 Internal Machining and Solid Machined Backing Rings For Circumferential Butt Welds
ES21 R10 Internal Machining and Fit-up of GTAW Root Pass Circumferential Butt Welds
ES24 R13 Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material Requirements
ES35 RA03 Nonsymmetrical Bevels and Joint Configurations for Butt Welds
ES45 R13 Recommended Practice for Local Post-Weld Heat Treatment
ES47 R13 Welding of Internally Clad Piping
ES49 R13 Guidelines for Installation of Integrally Reinforced Branch Connection Fittings
Cleaning, Painting, and Shipping
ES05 R13 Cleaning of Fabricated Piping
ES29 R06 Internal Abrasive Blast Cleaning of Ferritic Piping Materials
ES31 RA04 Standard for Protection of Ends of Fabricated Piping Assemblies
ES34 R03 Temporary Painting/Coating of Fabricated Piping
ES37 RA10 Standard for Loading and Shipping of Piping Assemblies
Quality Control
ES03 R09 Fabricating Tolerances
ES11 R03 Permanent Marking on Piping Materials
ES22 R13 Recommended Practice for Color Coding of Piping Materials.
ES32 R13 Tool Calibration
ES39 RA10 Fabricating Tolerances for Grooved Piping Systems
ES41 RA03 Standard for Material Control and Traceability of Piping Components
ES43 RA13 Standard for Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Materials
Examination and Testing
ES04 R13 Hydrostatic Testing of Fabricated Piping
ES20 R13 Wall Thickness Measurement by Ultrasonic Examination
ES27 R10 "Visual Examination" The Purpose, Meaning and Limitation of the Term
ES42 R05 Standard for Positive Material Identification of Piping Components using Portable X-Ray Emission Type Equipment
ES48 R13 Random Examination

Technical Bulletins
TB1 R13 Pressure - Temperature Ratings of Seamless Pipe Used in Power Plant Piping Systems - ELECTRONIC VERSION
TB3 R13 Guidelines Clarifying Relationships and Design Engineering Responsibilities Between Purchasers’ Engineers and Pipe Fabricator or Pipe
Fabricator or Pipe Fabricator Erector
TB5 R13 Information Required for the Bidding of Pipe Fabrication
TB7 R04 Guidelines for Fabrication and Installation of Stainless Steel High Purity Distribution Systems
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TB8 R13 Recommended practice for the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piping
TB9 R13 Customary Fitting, Forging, Plate and Bar Materials used with Pipe
ELECTRONIC VERSION

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“1913 – 2013”

Visit our website www.pfi-institute.org

for;
A complete list of PFI members and available membership

 CHARTER MEMBERS
 CONTRACTOR MEMBERS
 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
 AFFILIATE MEMBERS
 HONORARY MEMBERS

Associate and Affiliate member contributors

Walter Sperko Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. Greensboro, NC
Thomas Warrelmann Victaulic Company of America Easton, PA
Sheryl Michalak Welding Outlets, Inc. Houston, TX

PFI Standards and Technical Bulletins are published to serve proven needs of the pipe
fabricating industry at the design level and in actual shop operations. Hence, such needs
are continually considered and reviewed by the Engineering Committee of the Pipe
Fabrication Institute to provide recommended procedures, which have been demonstrated
by collective experiences to fulfill requirements in a manner for Code compliance.
However, as the PFI Standards are for minimum requirements the designer or fabricator
always has the option of specifying supplementary conditions in the form of requirements
beyond the scope of the PFI publications.

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