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Text Reading - Temperature and Heat Worksheet

The document discusses temperature and heat. It defines temperature as a measure of how hot or cold something is, and explains that temperature is actually a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference, always flowing from the higher temperature object to the lower one. Thermal energy is produced when temperature rises and atoms and molecules move faster and collide more. The document also discusses thermal conduction, convection and radiation as different methods of heat transfer.

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Scot Belford
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372 views4 pages

Text Reading - Temperature and Heat Worksheet

The document discusses temperature and heat. It defines temperature as a measure of how hot or cold something is, and explains that temperature is actually a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference, always flowing from the higher temperature object to the lower one. Thermal energy is produced when temperature rises and atoms and molecules move faster and collide more. The document also discusses thermal conduction, convection and radiation as different methods of heat transfer.

Uploaded by

Scot Belford
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name ______________________________________________ Date _______________ Per.

_______

Text Reading: Temperature and Heat


Section 1: Temperature

What is Temperature?

1. What’s wrong with using the words hot or cold when describing something?
The terms hot and cold are not scientific terms. If you really want to specify how hot or cold something is, you
must use temperature.

2. Define temperature.
A measure of how hot or cold something is.

3. What is kinetic energy?

Because the particles are in motion, they have kinetic energy. The faster the particles are moving, the more
kinetic energy they have.
4. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature?
The more kinetic energy the particles of an object have, the higher the temperature of the object is.

5. Are all the air molecules in this room moving at the same speed? Explain your reasoning.
But they move in differ ent directions and at different speeds. The motion
of particles is random. Because particles are moving at different speeds,
individual particles have different amounts of kinetic energy.

6. If you took the temperature of our room and it was 70oF , what did you actually measure?
The average speed of the particles in the room.
7. Look at the tea pot and the cup of tea in figure 2 on page 275. Which one has the highest
temperature? Explain.
Its the same temp because there both conductors and their heating up and getting cooler at the
same time.

Measuring Temperature

8. Why are mercury and alcohol often used in thermometers?


Many thermometers are thin glass tubes filled with a liquid. Mercury and alcohol are often used in
thermometers because they remain in liquid form over a large temperature range

9. What is thermal expansion?


Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance because of an increase in
temperature.

10. Explain how thermal expansion works in a thermometer.


As a substance's temperature increases, its particles move faster and spread out. So, there is
more space between them, and the substance expands. Mercury and alcohol expand by
constant amounts for a given change in temperature.

11. List the three different temperature scales that are used in science and state the freezing
point of water on each.

Celsius is 0 and fahrenheit is 32 and kelvin is 273.

12. You can go below zero on both Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers but the Kelvin scale
doesn’t have any “minus” numbers. Explain why.
The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale is OK, which is called absolute zero. Absolute zero
(about -459°F) is the temperature at which all molecular motion stops. It is not possible to actually
reach absolute zero,

13. Which temperature is colder, 0oF or 200 K? (look at figure 3 on page 276)

200k

More About Thermal Expansion

14. Now that we know how thermal expansion works in thermometers, give three other
examples of how it can affect our lives.
● If you have ever tried to unscrew a stuck lid off a glass jar, you'll appreciate this expansion
effect. ...
● Bridges have a long span and in hot weather the materials that the bridge is made of will
expand. ...
● A liquid, when heated, will expand and can be made to rise up a tube.
●

Section 2: What is Heat?

Transferred Thermal Energy


1. What is heat?
Heat is the form of energy that is transferred between systems or objects with different temperatures
(flowing from the high-temperature system to the low-temperature system).

2. Which direction does heat always travel,


from high temperature to low temperature or
from low temperature to high temperature? Explain.
Heat is always transferred from the object at the higher temperature to the object with the lower
temperature.

3. What is thermal energy?

Thermal energy (also called heat energy) is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and
molecules to move faster and collide with each other.

4. Which has more thermal energy:

a. a hot cup of coffee or a cool cup of coffee? Explain.

The hot coffee has a higher temperature, but not a greater internal energy. ... (For a smaller volume
of ice, the fewer number of more energetic molecules in the hot cup of coffee may constitute a
greater total amount of internal energy—but not compared to an iceberg.)
b. a hot cup of coffee or the water in a swimming pool? Explain.
If we have a swimming pool at 35 deg Celsius, and a cup of coffee at 80 deg Celsius, the pool has
more thermal energy. This is because there is much more water in the pool than the coffee.

c. a dime or a quarter at room temperature? Explain.


A dime because it's a conductor.

5. What will happen if two objects at different temperatures come into contact?
If two objects at different temperatures are brought in contact with each other, energy is transferred
from the hotter object (that is, the object with the greater temperature) to the colder (lower
temperature) object, until both objects are at the same temperature.

6. Explain all that happens when you place some ice cubes into a glass of room temperature
water.
When you put an ice cube in a glass of water, filled up to the top what happens and why does it
happen? ... Since the ice, when it floats, displaces exactly its weight in water, when it melts, the water
it melts into takes the same volume that the ice cube displaced in the water. So the water level
should remain the same.
Conduction, Convection and Radiation

7. What is thermal conduction?


Thermal conduction is the diffusion of thermal energy (heat) within one material or between
materials in contact. The higher temperature object has molecules with more kinetic energy;
collisions between molecules distributions this kinetic energy until an object has the same thermal
energy throughout.

8. What is the difference between a thermal conductor and a thermal insulator? Give an
example of each.
Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called thermal conductors. Materials that
are poor conductors of thermal energy are called thermal insulators. Gases such as air and materials
such as plastic and wood are thermal insulators.

9. What is convection? Give an example.


the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to
rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in
transfer of heat. Such as touching a pan.

10. What is radiation? Give an example.


Radiation includes emanation of any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, plus it includes the
release of particles. Examples include: A burning candle emits radiation in the form of heat and light.
The Sun emits radiation in the form of light, heat, and particles.

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