7

Science
Quarter 3 - Weeks 1 -2:
Module 1 :
Motion: Distance, Displacement,
Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

AIRs - LM
 Science7

Quarter No 3 - Module 1: Motion: Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity,

and Acceleration
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Edith A. Dela Cruz

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Target

Motion is the area of physics that studies how things move. It was developed
about 300 years ago by Isaac Newton. He discovered that all objects move according
to three basic laws. Newton’s Laws can explain almost all of physics. When we look
at the other branches of classical physics, they all can be explained using these
laws of motion.

This module will tackle how to define motion through distance,

displacement, speed or velocity, and acceleration

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives:

Most Essential Learning Competency

• Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance or displacement, speed or

velocity, and acceleration (S7FE-IIIa-1)

Subtasks
• define motion;
• identify the reference point;
• describe objects in terms of distance or displacement; and
• calculate speed, velocity and acceleration of an object.

Pre-Test
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

______1. Which of the following refers to the length of the entire path traveled by
an object?
A. acceleration B. displacement C. distance D.
motion

______2. Which of the following is needed to determine the position of an object?

A. displacement B. distance C. reference point D. velocity

______3. Which of the following is refered to as the shortest distance from the
initial position to the final position?
A. displacement B. distance C. reference point D. velocity
 ______4. Which of the following is the change in position for a particular time
interval?
A. acceleration B. displacement C. distance D. motion

______5. Tanya walked 250 m from their house to the market and walked
another 100 m to her friend’s house. What is the distance traveled by
Tanya? A. 100 m B. 250 m C. 350 m D. 450 m

______6. Joel wanted to visit his mother in the hospital 1 km away from their
house, what is the distance Joel needed to travel to go to the hospital
and back to their house?
A. 500 m B. 1 km C. 1.5 km D. 2 km

______7. Barry traveled 500m from the hospital to the market to buy fruits and
then returned to the hospital, what is the total distance traveled by
Barry? A. 0 m B. 550 m C. 1000 m D. 1500 m

______8. Barry traveled 500m from the hospital to the market to buy fruits
and then returned to the hospital, what is the displacement of
Barry? A. 0 m B. 550 m C. 1000 m D. 1500 m

______9. How can you explain your travel through an illustration if you travel
200m from your house to the market then back to your house?
A. House _____________________________ Market
200 m
B. House _____________________________ Market
200 m
C. House _____________________________ Market
200 m
D. House _____________________________ Market
200 m
*For numbers 10-15 please refer to the illustration below

_____10. What is the position of the dog?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 5 m D. 15 m

_____11. What is the position of the house?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 5 m D. 15 m

_____12. What is the position of the tree?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 5 m D. 15 m

_____13. What is the position of the dog with respect to the tree?
A. 10 m to the right of the tree
B. 10 m to the left of the tree
C. 15 m to the right of the tree
 D. 15 m to the left of the tree

_____14. What is the position of the tree with respect to the house?
A. 5 m to the left of the house
B. 5 m to the right of the house
C. 10 m to the right of the house
D. 10 m to the left of the house

_____15. What is the position of the house with respect to the dog?
A. 5 m to the right of the dog
B. 10 m to the right of the dog C. 20 m to the right
of the dog
D. 25 m to the right of the dog

Lesson
1 Distance and Displacement

Observe your surroundings, can you say that everything moves? How can
you tell that an object is in motion? Can you describe it? What are your basis in
describing motion?
In this lesson you will describe motion based on distance and displacement.

Jumpstart

Activity 1

You don't always need to see something move to know that motion has taken
place. A reference point is needed to determine the position of an object. Motion
and Position Motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to a
reference point. The motion of an object depends on the reference point that is
chosen.

The position of an object can be described in many ways. You can use words
or visuals like diagrams or graphs.

Consider the diagram in Figure 1. The positions of the objects are described
in the diagram by their coordinates along the number line.
 Figure 1. Coordinates of different objects along the number
(Science 7 Learner’s Material Unit 3 Module 1 page 170) Q1. What
is the position of the dog?
________________________________________________________________

Q2. What is the position of the tree?

________________________________________________________________

Q3. What is the position of the dog with respect to the house?
________________________________________________________________

Q4. What is the position of the tree with respect to the dog?
_______________________________________________________________

Q5. How many meters does the dog need to travel to go to the house?
_______________________________________________________________

Discover

In science, motion is defined as the change in position for a particular time

interval. You can describe it through distance and displacement.

Distance and displacement are two quantities that may seem to mean the same
thing yet have distinctly different definitions and meanings.

• Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has
covered" during its motion. It is the length of the path traveled by a body
while moving from an initial position to a final position. There is always a
distance covered whenever there is a motion, and lastly distance measured
is always positive.
•
• Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an
object is"; it is the object's overall change in position.It is the shortest
distance between the initial position and final position of the body.
 Displacement can be positive or negative depending on the reference point.
Displacement will be zero if the body comes back to its initial position.

Now Let’s understand the concept of distance and displacement with the
help of the following diagrams:

Figure 2 Explanation of distance (https://byjus.com/physics/distance-

anddisplacement/)

If the boy traveled from point A to point B to point C, the distrance traveled
or the total path traveled will be 7m. While the displacement, which is the shortest
distance from the initial position (point A) to the final position (point C) is 5m

Figure 3 Distance and displacement

(http://thescienceclassroom.org/physics/motion -in-1-d/distance-and-displacement/)

Based on figure 3 displacement is different from distance because

displacement only sees the beginning and ending positions.

Guide Questions:

1. What is motion?
 _________________________________________________________________________

2. What is reference point?

_________________________________________________________________________

Explore

To intensify your understanding of the topic do the activities below

Activity 2: Match the Descriptions
Read the descriptions of distance and displacement placed below the table. Write
them in the column where they belong.
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

• It is the length of the path traveled by a body while moving from an initial
position to a final position.
• It is the shortest distance between the initial position and the final position
of the body.
• It is a scalar quantity
• It is a vector quantity
• Measure is always positive
• Can be positive or negative depending on the reference point.
• There is always this whenever there is motion
• It will be zero if the body comes back to its initial position

Activity 3

Calculate the distance and displacement given in the problems below.

1. Ana walked 10 m from their house to the store to buy some eggs and then
went back home. What is the total distance Ana has traveled? What is her
displacement?
2. Based on the given illustration answer the following questions:
a. If one box is equivalent to 5 m, what is the distance traveled from A to B?
b. If one box is equivalent to 5 m, what is the distance traveled from B to C?
c. If one box is equivalent to 5 m, what is the distance traveled from C to D?
d. What is the total distance travelled from A to D?
 e. What is the displacement from A to D?
A B

C D

3. Leila wanted to buy some fresh vegetables from the market, so she decided
to go early in the morning. She traveled 20 m north, then 15 m west, she
then turned 20 m south and 10 m east to arrive at the market. What is
Leila’s total distance traveled?

Deepen

Activity 4

Gigi’s home to school roadmap

Materials

Short bond paper, pencil, ruler, coloring materials

Objective

In this activity you should be able to make a roadmap that shows how Gigi
get to school from their house.

Scenario
Gigi is a grade 7 student who lives 250 meters away from their school, she
would always wake up early to walk to school with her friends. To go to school she
travels 20 m north of their house towards a store near the crossing, she then walks
30 meters west of the store until she arrives at a big blue house. From the north of
the big blue house she then walks 100 meters towards an eatery, and then walks
another 100 meters east of the eatery before arriving at their shool.

Procedure

1. Read the given scenario above, take note of the given landmarks and
distances.
2. Using your gathered data, draw Gigi’s house-school roadmap on a short
bond paper. Decide on the most convenient scale to use when you draw your
roadmap. An example is shown below. Scale: 1 cm = 10 m
 3. Label your roadmap properly, including the given landmarks. Specify also
the length of road. You can use coloring materials to make your work more
creative.
Q1. What is the total length of Gigi’s travel from their house to school?
______________________________________________________________

Q2. What is the total displacement of Gigi’s travel?

______________________________________________________________

Gauge

Direction: True or False: Read each statement properly. Write T if the statement is
true and write F if the statement is false. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answer.

______1. Distance refers to the length of the entire path traveled by an object.
______2. Displacement is needed to determine the position of an object.
______3. Reference point is refered to as the shortest distance from the initial
position to the final position
______4. Motion is the change in position for a particular time interval.
______5. Displacement can be positive or negative depending on the reference
point.

Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
______6. Joel wanted to visit his mother in the hospital 1 km away from their
house, what is the distance Joel needed to travel to go to the hospital
and back to their house?
A. 500 m B. 1 km C. 1.5 km D. 2 km

______7. Barry traveled 500m from the hospital to the market to buy fruits and
then returned to the hospital, what is the total distance traveled by
Barry? A. 0 m B. 550 m C. 1000 m D. 1500 m

______8. Barry traveled 500m from the hospital to the market to buy fruits
and then returned to the hospital, what is the displacement of
Barry? A. 0 m B. 550 m C. 1000 m D. 1500 m

______9. How can you explain your travel through an illustration if you travel
200m from your house to the market then back to your house?

A. House _____________________________ Market

200 m
B. House _____________________________ Market
 200 m
C. House _____________________________ Market
200 m
D. House _____________________________ Market
200 m

*For numbers 10-15 please refer to the illustration below

-20 m -15 m -10 m -5 m 0 5m 15m

_____10. What is the position of the dog?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 5 m D. 15 m

_____11. What is the position of the house?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 5 m D. 15 m

_____12. What is the position of the tree?

A. -15 m B. -10 m C. 0 m D. 5 m

_____13. What is the position of the dog with respect to the tree?
A. 10 m to the right of the tree
B. 10 m to the left of the tree
C. 15 m to the right of the tree
D. 15 m to the left of the tree

_____14. What is the position of the tree with respect to the house?
A. 5 m to the left of the house
B. 5 m to the right of the house
C. 10 m to the right of the house
D. 10 m to the left of the house

_____15. What is the position of the house with respect to the dog?
A. 5 m to the right of the dog
B. 10 m to the right of the dog C. 20 m to the right
of the dog
D. 25 m to the right of the dog
 Lesson
2 Speed, Velocity and Acceleration

After determining how far the object moves, the next question will be “How
fast did the object move?” This information can be provided by the object’s speed or
velocity.
Are you familiar with the traffic signs? These signs tell us the maximum or
minimum speed limits allowed by law for road vehicles. In general, the minimum
speed limit in the Philippines is 60 km/h and the maximum speed limit is 100
km/h.
Speed, velocity and acceleration are things that are common to us in our
daily lives, but are abstract when discussed. In this lesson you will learn how to
define motion by speed, velocity and acceleration.

Jumpstart

Activity 1: Find Me

Find and encircle the terms indicted below the word hunt.

A C C E L E R A T I O N Q D W E
M I Y A N H E D I R E C T I O N
S A I G O O N O M O O M D S T B
S A G I T A E V E L O C I T Y H
G P U N L A B F T E F I S A F J
A Y E W I K Y A M B H M P N G K
N K A E K T N A S A R I L C O L
 D I W A D G U G U L N M A E I F
F G E R T I G D E R P H C F U S
S S Y S K L M O E N M I E U Y D
N P R K J M N J U N G L M N E R
H E J N N O K T H N O R E Y R Y
O O E J G O I A Y G O F N H T W
S K O U K K M E U Y N G T F R E

*acceleration *speed *velocity *time *distance

*displacement *magnitude *direction

Discover

The study of motion is a large part of physics. Scientists use words like
speed, velocity and acceleration to describe motion. In this lesson, you will learn
the differences in these motion concepts.

What is Speed?

You are probably familiar with the concept of speed. Speed is a type of rate.
A rate tells you the amount of something that occurs during a given unit of time. If
you know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you know the
speed of the object. For example, if a car travels 70 miles in one hour, the car is
traveling at a speed of 70 miles/hour (miles per hour).

If the speed of an object does not change during its motion, the object is
traveling at a constant speed.

Most objects do not move at a constant speed very long. Most moving objects
change speed many times while in motion. Marathon runners do not run at a
constant speed during the entire race. At the starting line, there are many runners
crowded together, so the runners are forced to move slowly. As the crowd thins out,
a runner can increase his or her speed. The runner may slow down as he or she
climbs a hill and increases speed going down the hill. When the race is over, a
runner may calculate his or her average speed. The average speed of an object tells
you the average rate at which it covers distance.

𝑑
 You can calculate speed by dividing distance over time. 𝑠= , where s is the
𝑡
speed, d is the distance traveled by an object, and t is the time. SI unit: m/s, m s−1

What is Velocity?

Have you heard the term velocity? Many people often use the terms speed
and velocity interchangeably, but speed and velocity are different.

Look at the statements below. What is the difference in the statements on

the cards below?

1 2

(https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/speed-velocity-and-acceleration)
One of the statements describes the speed of the airplane, and the other one
describes the velocity. Which statement shows velocity?
When you know both the speed and direction of an object's motion, you
know the velocity of the object, thus statement 1 describes the speed of an airplane
while statement 2 describes the velocity of an airplane.

Velocity (v) is a vector quantity that measures displacement (or change in

position, Δs) over the change in time (Δt), represented by the equation v = Δs/Δt.

What is Acceleration?

As mentioned earlier, the speed at which an object travels can change. An

object can increase in speed or decrease in speed. The direction an object travels
can also change. A car can travel north for 20 meters and then turn right and travel
west for 50 meters. When an object changes speed or direction, we call this
acceleration. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.
Since acceleration (a) is the change in velocity (Δv) over the change in time
(Δt), it is represented by the equation a = Δv/Δt. This allows you to measure how fast
velocity changes in meters per second squared (m/s 2). Acceleration is also a vector
quantity, so it includes both magnitude and direction.

Where: ā = average acceleration

v = final velocity
v0 = initial velocity
t = time

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER

• If an object does not change its position at a given time interval, then it is
at rest or its speed is zero or not accelerating.
 • If an object covers equal distance at equal intervals of time, then it is
moving at constant speed and still not accelerating.
• If an object covers varying distances at equal intervals of time, then it is
moving with changing speed or velocity, it means that the object is
accelerating.

Explore

To intensify your understanding of the topic do the activities below:

Activity 2: Calculating Speed

Read the problems below and calculate the speed of an object.

Sample problem:
An object traveled a distance of 500 m in 60 s, what is the speed of the object?

𝑑 500 𝑚
Given: d = 500 m Formula: 𝑠= Solution: 𝑠=
𝑡 60 𝑠
t = 60 s
s=? s = 8.33 m/s

1. An object traveled a distance of 100 m in 10 s, what is the speed of the object?

2. A car moved 500 m in 20 s, what is the speed of the car?

3. A truck travels 110 miles in 2 hours. What is the average speed of the truck?

Activity 3: Calculating Velocity

Read the problems below and calculate the velocity of an object.

Sample problem:

What is the velocity of a car that traveled a total of 75 km north in 1.5 hours?

∆𝑠
Given: ∆s = 75 km Formula: 𝑣= Solution: 𝑠= 75 𝑘𝑚

∆𝑡 1.5 ℎ𝑟
∆t = 1.5 hr
v=? v = 50 km/hr north

1. What is the velocity of an object that traveled a distance of 1000 m due south in
50 s?

2. A car traveled a total distance of 55 km due east in 2 hrs, what is the velocity of
the car?
3. What is the velocity of a plane that traveled 3000 km west from New York to
California in 5 hours?

Activity 4: Calculating Acceleration

Read the problems below and calculate the acceleration of an object.

Sample problem:

In a summer storm, the wind is blowing with a velocity of 8 m/s north. Suddenly
in 3 seconds, the wind’s velocity is 23 m/s north. What is the wind’s acceleration?

𝑉−𝑉𝜊 23 𝑚/𝑠− 8 𝑚/𝑠

= =
Given: 𝑎= ? Formula: 𝑎 𝑡 Solution: 𝑎 3𝑠

𝑉 = 23 m/s north
𝑉𝜊 = 8 m/s north
t=3s 𝒂 = 5 m/s2 north

1. A slug traveling at 3 mm/h, East decided to race the slug next to him increasing
his velocity to 5 mm/h, East in one hour. What was the slug’s acceleration?
2. A driver starts his parked car and within 5 seconds reaches a speed of 60
km/h, as he travels east. What is his acceleration?

3. An object at rest started to travel at 10 m/s south in 10 s, what is the

acceleration of the object?

Deepen

Doing Detective Work

Consider this situation below:

Supposed you were having your on-the-job training in a private investigating

company. You were asked to join a team assigned to investigate a ‘hit and run’
case. The alleged suspect was captured by the CCTV camera driving down a road
leading to the place of incident. The suspect denied the allegation, saying that he
was then driving very slowly with a constant speed. Because of the short time
difference when he was caught by the camera and when the accident happened, he
insisted that it was impossible that he would already be at the place when the
crime happened. But when you were viewing the scene again on the camera, you
noticed that his car was leaving oil spots on the road. When you checked these
spots on site, you found out that they are still evident. So you began to wonder if
the spots can be used to investigate the motion of the car of the suspect and check
whether he was telling the truth or not.
Here is an activity that you can do to help you with your investigation. You will
analyze the motion using strips of papers with dots. For this activity, assume that
the dots represent the ‘oil drops’ left by the car down the road.

Materials

ruler paper strips

with dots
 cutter or pair of scissors

Procedure

A. Using tape chart

1. Obtain from your teacher paper strips with dots.

2. Label each dot. Start from 0, then 1, 2, 3, and so on. In this example, each dot
occurred every 1 second.

3. Examine the distances between successive dots.

Q1. How will you compare the distances between successive dots?

4. Cut the strip at each drop, starting from the first to the last drop, and paste
them side by side on a graph paper to form a tape chart as shown in the
example below

Q2. How do the lengths of the tapes compare?

Q3. If each tape represents the distance traveled by the object for 1 second,
then what ‘quantity’ does each piece of tape provide?
Q4. What does the chart tell you about the speed of the car?

The difference in length between two successive tapes provides the object’s
acceleration or its change in speed or velocity for a time interval of 1 second.

Q5. How will you compare the changes in the lengths of two successive
tapes? Q6. What then can you say about the acceleration of the moving car?
 Gauge

True or False: Read each statement properly. Write T if the statement is true and
write F if the statement is false.
______1. Acceleration is a vector quantity that measures displacement over the
change in time.
______2. Motion is defined as distance traveled divided by the time of travel.
______3. Acceleration is the vector quantity that refers to the rate of change in
speed or velocity of an object?
______4. Velocity refers to the rate of change in displacement.
______5. If an object does not change its position at a given time interval, then it
is at rest or its speed is zero or not accelerating.
______6. If an object covers equal distance at equal intervals of time, then it is
moving at constant speed and still not accelerating.
______7. If an object covers varying distances at equal intervals of time, then it
is moving with changing speed or velocity, it means that the object is
accelerating.
______8. If an object changes its position at a given time interval, then it is at
rest or its speed is zero or not accelerating.
______9. If an object covers equal distance at equal intervals of time, then it is
moving at constant speed and accelerating.

Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper

_____10. Anna travelled 500 m to their house in 600 s. What is the speed of Anna?
A. 0.83 m/s B. 2 m/s C. 2.7 m/s D. 3 m/s
_____11. Judging from the given time-distance graph of the speed of four cars.
Which car below is moving the fastest?

Car A Car B Car C Car D

distance

time

A. Car A B. Car B C. Car C D. Car D

_____12. Which of the following graphs shows that the object’s motion is
accelerating?
 A
B C D

distance
distance

distance

distance
time time time time

_____13. What is the velocity of an object that traveled a distance of 100 m due
east in 10 s?
A. 10 m/s2 B. 10 m/s due east C. 10 m east D. 10 m/s

_____14. An object traveled a distance of 50 m in 10 s, what is the speed of the

object?
A. 5 m/s B. 5 m/s2 C. 5 m/s2 D. 5 m/s due west

_____15. In a summer storm, the wind is blowing with a velocity of 8 m/s north.
Suddenly in 3 seconds, the wind’s velocity is 23 m/s north. What is the
wind’s acceleration?
A. 5 m/s2 north B. 5 m/s north C. 5 m/s2 south D. 5m/s south

References
Science 7 Learner’s Material, First Edition 2017 Alvie J. Asuncion et.al

https://wonders.physics.wisc.edu/what-is-motion/

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson -1/Distance-
andDisplacement#:~:text=Distance%20is%20a%20scalar%20quantity,object's
%20overa ll%20change%20in%20position.

https://byjus.com/physics/distance-and-displacement/

http://thescienceclassroom.org/physics/motion-in-1-d/distance-anddisplacement/

https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib9/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/1355/Moti
on%20Notes%20PPT%20STUDENT%20KEY.pdf

https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/speed -velocity-and-acceleration

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/one-
dimensionalmotion/displacement-velocity-time/v/calculating-average-velocity-
orspeed#:~:text=Velocity%20(v)%20is%20a%20vector,equation%20r%20%3D%20d
%2 F%CE%94t.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-physics/one-
dimensionalmotion-2/average-and-instantaneous-acceleration-
2/v/acceleration#:~:text=Acceleration%20(a)%20is%20the%20change,includes%20
both%20magnitude%20and%20direction.

https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/15490/Speed%2
0and%20Velocity%20Extra%20Practice.pdf

https://www.mayfieldschools.org/Downloads/Speed_Velocity_Acceleration_Worksh
eet_Blank.pdf