7

SCIENCE
Fourth Quarter – Module 5
Seasons of the Earth

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Fourth Quarter – Module 5: Seasons of the Earth
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region 10

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Christine B. Cabania

Reviewers: Bonito Ferdinand L. Taclob Janeth D. Arabes Ramon L. Matunog Jr.

Philip Ronald P. Docuyan Daisy S. Amparado
Evaluators: Marisol P. Moreno Norlyn Q. Lobido Gloria V. Salvacion
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 7
Science
Fourth Quarter – Module 5
Seasons of the Earth

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Region 10 at
region10@deped.gov.ph

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

FAIR USE AND CONTENT DISCLAIMER: This SLM (Self Learning Module) is for
educational purposes only. Borrowed materials (i.e songs, stories, poems, pictures,
photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in these modules are owned by their
respective copyright holders. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
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contributions to these modules.
Introductory Message

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Seasons of
the Earth!

When you were just a child and maybe even up to now, I’m sure you are curious
about the things happening around you.

Have you heard your nieces and nephews asking questions like: “Why do we
usually see stars and moon during night time? Why do we experience day and night?
Why don’t we experience snow in the Philippines?” Have you also asked your parents
some of these questions when you were just little boys and girls?

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

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 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends the retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience a meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

v
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know ---------------- 2
Lesson 1- Changes in Seasons
What’s In ---------------- 5
What’s New ---------------- 6
What is It ---------------- 9
What’s More ---------------- 11
What I Have Learned ---------------- 13
What I Can Do ---------------- 14
Assessment ---------------- 15
Additional Activities ---------------- 18
Answer Key ---------------- 19
References ---------------- 20

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 What I Need to Know

Earth is an imperfect sphere that expands very slightly at the equator

and is somewhat flattened at the poles. The rotation of Earth causes day and
night. Earth’s tilted axis is responsible for the seasons you experience, and the
revolution around the sun marks the passing of a year.

This module contains one (1) lesson:

Lesson 1- Changes in Seasons

After going through this module, you should be able to relate the
following with the use of models:

1. tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime;

2. length of daytime to the amount of energy received;
3. position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of the sun in the sky;
4. height of the sun in the sky to the amount of energy received;
5. latitude of an area to the amount of energy the area receives; and
6. tilt of the Earth and the seasons. (S7ES-IVh-9)

Fasten your seatbelt and get ready on your adventure to our planet
Earth! Just enjoy, explore and be sure to come back with all the treasures you
will be earning at the end of this journey. Good luck and God bless as you
explore!

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 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in
your Science activity notebook.
1. Which season is experienced in the northern hemisphere for the month
of December?
A. Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
2. What happens when daytime is longer than nighttime?
A. The Sun will set earlier.
B. The time of heating up during the day will be shorter than
nighttime.
C. The time of heating up during the day will be longer than
nighttime.
D. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up and the result is
winter.
3. What is the main factor of the change of seasons?
A. The speed of the spin of the Earth
B. The tilt of the Earth in relation to the Sun
C. The speed that the Earth rotates around the Sun
D. The changing distance between the Sun and the Earth
4. Which pole is pointed towards the Sun when the northern hemisphere is
experiencing winter?
A. North Pole C. Both Poles
B. South Pole D. None of the two poles
5. What season does the southern hemisphere experience when it is winter
in the northern hemisphere?
A. Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
6. How many degrees is the Earth’s axis tilted?
A. 23.5 C. 68.3
B. 53.5 D. 90.2

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7. Which month of the year the Philippines is likely to experience longer
days than nights?
A. April, Dry Season C. December, Dry Season
B. April, Wet Season D. December, Wet Season
8. What season is taking place in the southern hemisphere when Earth is
in location 1 on the illustration below?

A. Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
9. Which statement is TRUE if an oblique angle of the sun’s rays hits the
ground?
A. The rays are vertical or perpendicular to the ground.
B. It will result to more heat being absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
C. Each square meter of the ground receives a lesser amount of
solar energy.
D. Each square meter of the ground receives a greater amount of
solar energy.
10. Which of the following best describes the tilting or slanting position of the
Earth in the Northern Hemisphere when it is summer in the Southern
Hemisphere?
A. Towards the Sun
B. Away from the Sun
C. Towards or away from the Sun
D. Neither toward or away from the Sun

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11. Which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in the month of
June?
I. Northern hemisphere
II. Southern hemisphere
III. Northern and Southern hemispheres
A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I,II, and III
12. In what angle do “direct rays” of the sun hit the ground?
A. 30 degrees C. 90 degrees
B. 60 degrees D. 120 degrees
13. What is the effect if the Earth is tilted?
A. When the Earth is tilted towards the Sun, we have night.
B. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, we have day.
C. It changes the angle that the Sun strikes the Earth in different land
areas.
D. It causes the Earth to be farther away from the Sun at different times
of the year.
14. Why do seasons change?
A. The Sun is directed to the Southern hemisphere only.
B. The Sun is somehow tilted to both Northern and Southern
hemispheres.
C. Seasons change because the Earth is stationary directing its rays to
Northern hemisphere always.
D. Seasons change because direct rays of the Sun shift from one
hemisphere to the other as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
15. When the Earth has moved farther along its orbit, the North Pole will then
be tilted away from the Sun. Which does not happen in the Northern
Hemisphere?
A. Nighttime will be longer than daytime.
B. Nighttime will be shorter than daytime.
C. The result is winter in Northern hemisphere.
D. It has a shorter time for heating up and longer time to cool down.

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 Lesson
Changes in Seasons
1

What’s In

Activity 1: Arrange and Fill Me!

Directions: Copy and complete the statements below using the correct words
formed after arranging the jumbled letters found before each item.
Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

ASE REEBZE 1. In a __________, the air is warmer above the land.

CEOAN 2. In a land breeze, the air moves from the land to the
__________.

NALD 3. In a sea breeze, the air moves from the ocean to the
__________.

WOL 4. When warm air rises, __________ pressure forms at the

surface of the land or sea.

PETMERTUARE 5. The strength of the sea breeze depends on the

difference between __________ of the sea and the land.

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 What’s New

The length of days and nights vary. There are times when the days are
longer and the nights are shorter while there are periods during the year when
the nights become longer and the days shorter. Why is this so? What is the
effect of this to the seasons of the Earth?

Activity 2A: Create Me!

Directions: Create a model showing the Earth moving around the sun in
different times of the year. Use local materials available at home.
Follow the procedure given below.
Procedure:
1. Make an actual model by using a ball or any round object to represent
the Earth and a lighted candle or flashlight to represent the Sun.

Ball or any round object lighted candle/flashlight

(to represent the Earth) (to represent the Sun)

Caution: Be careful in handling activities with fire or electricity!

2. Draw a line at the center of the ball to represent the Equator.

Equator

3. Mark “N” for North Pole on top of the ball and “S” for South Pole at the
bottom of the ball.

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4. Make sure to move the ball in slanting position around the lighted candle
or bulb.

5. Make sure to keep the ball at the same angle as you move it to the other
side of the lighted bulb or candle since the Earth’s axis is in slanting
position which is about 23.5 degrees from a line standing to its orbit.
Observe also at what hemisphere the light of the candle brightens most
on the different months.

September
N

N
N

December June
S
S

March

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Activity 2B: Complete Me

Directions: Use your model as your reference in answering Table 1 by putting

a check mark () in the appropriate column. Copy and complete
the table below in your Science activity notebook. The first item
is done for you.

Table 1. Earth’s Motion around the Sun in Different Times of the Year
Tilt Which hemisphere receives direct rays from
the Sun?
Month Away
Towards from Northern Southern Both
Equal
the Sun the hemisphere hemisphere hemispheres
Sun

March
 

June

September

December

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 What is It

Earth revolves around the sun while it is rotating on its axis. When
viewed from the North Pole, the rotation and revolution of the Earth is counter
clockwise, but when viewed from the South Pole, these motions are clockwise.

Figure 1. Earth and its Orbit at Different Times of the Year

Earth’s axis is slightly tilted at 23.5 degrees. Figure 1 shows the slanting
position of the Earth, along with the constant movement of the Earth around the
sun that causes seasons. There are four seasons on earth: winter, spring,
summer and fall. Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the globe are oriented
towards the Sun at different times of the year.

There are times of each year that the Northern hemisphere tilts toward
the sun. This part of the Earth receives more direct energy from sunlight and
experiences longer daytime than nighttime. We call this time of the year as
Summer.
Six months later, when the Earth has moved to the opposite side of its
orbit, the Northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun. We call this time of the
year as Winter. This part of the Earth receives less direct energy from sunlight
and experiences longer nighttime than daytime.

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 Each hemisphere experiences an opposite season. For example, the
winter season in the northern hemisphere is summer in the southern
hemisphere. In between these, Spring and Fall will occur.

At any given time, half of the Earth is brightened by sunlight and half is
in darkness. Due to Earth’s tilt or slanting position, the amount of brightness
for each hemisphere differs. Figure 2 shows the comparison of the effect when
Earth is tilted towards and away from the sun particularly in June and
December.

Figure 2. The Direct Rays from the Sun in June and December

Direct rays mean that the rays of the Sun hit the ground at 90 degrees.
When the Sun’s rays strike the ground at a high angle, each square meter of
the ground receives a greater amount of solar energy which results to a
warmer environment.

However, when the Sun’s rays come in at an oblique angle, each square
meter of the ground will receive a lesser amount of solar energy because it
will be distributed over a wider area.

In tropical countries like the Philippines, we only have two seasons: the
wet (rainy) and the dry (sunny) since we are located near the equator. The
Sun rises at almost the same time every morning. It also sets at almost the
same time every afternoon. The days and nights are about 12 hours long –
every single day of the year.

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 What’s More

Activity 3A: Describe Me!

Directions: Copy and complete Table 2 using the descriptions in the diagram
below. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

Table 2. Earth and its Orbit at Different Times of the Year

Tilt of the Length of Solar energy
Month Season
Earth daytime received

March 1. 2. 3. 4.

June towards the sun longer more Summer

September 5. 6. 7. 8.

December 9. 10. 11. 12.

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Activity 3B: Check Me!

Directions:Copy and complete Table 4 by putting a check mark () on the

appropriate column. Use the data in Table 3 below which shows
the times of sunrise and sunset in every 22nd day of the month as
your reference. The first column is done for you.

Table 3: Sunrise and Sunset in Manila on Selected Days of 2011

Day Sunrise Sunset Length of

Daytime
Jan 22, 2011 6:25 AM 5:50 PM 11h 25m
Feb 22, 2011 6:17 AM 6:02 PM 11h 45m
Mar 22, 2011 5:59 AM 6:07 PM 12h 08m
Apr 22, 2011 5:38 AM 6:11 PM 12h 33m
May 22. 2011 5:27 AM 6:19 PM 12h 52m
June 22, 2011 5:28 AM 6:28 PM 13h 00m
July 22, 2011 5:36 AM 6:28 PM 12h 52m
Aug 22, 2011 5:43 AM 6:15 PM 12h 32m
Sept 22, 2011 5:45 AM 5:53 PM 12h 08m
Oct 22, 2011 5:49 AM 5:33 PM 11h 44m
Nov 22, 2011 6:00 AM 5:24 PM 11h 24m
Dec 22, 2011 6:16 AM 5:32 PM 11h 16m

Table 4. Time of Sunrise and Sunset, Length of Daytime and Its Effects
on the Season

Time of Length of Effect on the

Time of sunset
sunrise daytime season
Date
Earliest Latest Earliest Latest Shortest Longest Warmest Coldest

1/22/2011
2/22/2011
3/22/2011
4/22/2011
5/22/2011 
6/22/2011
7/22/2011
8/22/2011
9/22/2011
10/22/2011
11/22/2011
12/22/2011

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing words. Choose your answers
from the given words in the box. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.

tilt solar day spring

wet direct winter revolution
summer less indirect weather

(1)
(1)
Seasons are periods of similar __________ that occur at certain times
of a year. Outside the tropics, there are four seasons each year. Each one lasts
(2)
about three months which include the following: __________; winter;
(3)
__________; and fall or autumn. When the Earth is on one side of the sun, the
Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. It is summer in the North of the
(4)
Earth and __________ in the South.

(5)
In tropical areas, they have two six-month seasons: __________ and dry
(6)
like the Philippines. If daytime is longer than night time, more __________
energy is received from the sun which makes the place warmer.

The changes in the seasons occur because of the following factors: the
(7)
__________ (8)
of the Earth; its __________ (9)
around the Sun; the __________
(10)
rays of the Sun; and the length of __________time.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Using the model below as a starting point, draw the axis on each
Earth (E) at different times of the year and label the seasons in
each hemisphere. Do this in your Science activity notebook.

SUN
E E

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in
your Science activity notebook.

1. Which pole is pointed towards the Sun when the northern hemisphere is
experiencing winter?
A. North Pole C. Both Poles
B. South Pole D. None of the two poles
2. What season does the southern hemisphere experience when it is winter
in the northern hemisphere?
A. Autumn/Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
3. How many degrees is the Earth’s axis tilted?
A. 23.5 C. 68.3
B. 53.5 D. 90.2
4. Which season is experienced in the northern hemisphere for the month
of December?
A. Autumn/Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
5. What happens when daytime is longer than night time?
A. The Sun will set earlier.
B. The time of heating up during the day will be shorter than night
time.
C. The time of heating up during the day will be longer than night
time.
D. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up and the result is
winter.
6. Which month of the year the Philippines is likely to experience longer
days than nights?
A. April, Dry Season C. December, Dry Season
B. April, Wet Season D. December, Wet Season

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7. Which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in the month of
June?
I. Northern hemisphere
II. Southern hemisphere
III. Northern and Southern hemispheres
A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I,II, and III
8. In what angle do “direct rays” of the sun hit the ground?
A. 30 degrees C. 90 degrees
B. 60 degrees D. 120 degrees
9. What is the main factor of the change of seasons?
A. The speed of the spin of the Earth
B. The tilt of the Earth in relation to the Sun
C. The speed that the Earth rotates around the Sun
D. The changing distance between the Sun and the Earth
10. What season is taking place in the southern hemisphere when Earth is
in location 1 on the illustration below?

A. Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
11. Which of the following best describes the tilting or slanting position of the
Earth in the Northern Hemisphere when it is summer in the Southern
Hemisphere?
A. Away from the Sun C. Towards or away from the Sun
B. Towards the Sun D. Neither toward or away from the Sun

16
12. Why do seasons change?
A. The Sun is directed to the Southern hemisphere only.
B. The Sun is somehow tilted to both Northern and Southern
hemispheres.
C. Seasons change because the Earth is stationary directing its rays
to Northern hemisphere always.
D. Seasons change because direct rays of the Sun shift from one
hemisphere to the other as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
13. When the Earth has moved farther along its orbit, the North Pole will then
be tilted away from the Sun. Which does not happen in the Northern
Hemisphere?
A. Nighttime will be longer than daytime.
B. Nighttime will be shorter than daytime.
C. The result is winter in Northern hemisphere.
D. It has a shorter time for heating up and longer time to cool down.
14. Which statement is TRUE if an oblique angle of the sun’s rays hits the
ground?
A. The rays are vertical or perpendicular to the ground.
B. It will result to more heat being absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
C. Each square meter of the ground receives a lesser amount of solar
energy.
D. Each square meter of the ground receives a greater amount of
solar energy.
15. What is the effect if the Earth is tilted?
A. When the Earth is tilted towards the Sun, we have night.
B. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, we have day.
C. It changes the angle that the Sun strikes the Earth in different land
areas.
D. It causes the Earth to be farther away from the Sun at different
times of the year.

17
 Additional Activities

Directions: Perform the following tasks to experience changes through times.

Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

Task 1: List down ten activities that you can do during rainy and sunny seasons
with your family and friends.

Task 2: Create a poster of one of your favorite experiences in life during any of
the seasons: WET (Rainy) or DRY (Sunny) that you appreciate most
which make you a better person. Use long-sized bond paper and
coloring materials in doing this task. Refer to the rubric scoring below
as your guide. Paste your poster in your Science activity notebook.

Rubric for Scoring:

CRITERIA

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 19
What I Know What’s In What’s More –
Activity 3A
1. D 11. A 1. sea breeze
2. ocean
2. C 12. C
3. land
3. B 13. C 4. low
5. temperature
4. B 14. D
What’s New
5. C 15. B
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. B
What’s More – Activity 3B What I Have Learned Assessment
1. weather 1. B 11. A
2. spring or summer 2. C 12. D
3. spring or summer 3. A 13. B
4. winter 4. D 14. C
5. wet 5. C 15. C
6. solar 6. A
7. tilt 7. A
8. revolution 8. C
9. direct 9. B
10. day 10. C
Answer Key
 References

Books

Denecke, Edward Jr. J. 2009. Let's Review: Earth Science The Physical
Setting 3rd ed. New York: Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
Development, Institute for Science and Mathematics Educational. 1983. Earth
Science: The Philippines in Focus. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Development, National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education.
2004. Science and Technology: Integrated Science Textbook. Pasig City,
Philippines: Book Media Press, Inc.
McGraw-Hill, Glencoe. Science Voyages: Exploring the Life, Earth and
Physical Sciences. Florida.

Electronic Resources

Gareth Dorrian, Ian Whittaker. 2019. The Conversation. January 15.

https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-why-are-there-different-seasons-at-
specifictimes-of-the-year-109380.
2018. Science Net Links. November 9.
http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/weather-2-whats-theseason/.

20
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: reiogn10@deped.govph

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