LOW PASS FILTERS

1. Maximally Flat Low Pass Filter (N=5 - Fc=2GHz)

MATLAB Code for Calculating Values

G1= 0.618
G2= 1.618
G3= 2.000
G4= 1.618
G5= 0.618
freq=2*10.^9
omega= 2*pi*freq

%Frequency Scaling and Conversion

% starting with an capacitor:

T=table(C1,L2,C3,L4,C5)

In Filter design:-

Capacitance is taken in PF

Inductance is taken in nH

Values Acquired From MATLAB:-

C1 L2 C3 L4 C5
 __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

9.8358e-13 6.4378e-09 3.1831e-12 6.4378e-09 9.8358e-1

Results Before Tuning

Result After Tuning

2. Maximally Flat Low Pass Filter N=5 (Starting with an Inductor)

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________

2.4589e-09 2.5751e-12 7.9577e-09 2.5751e-12 2.4589e-09

Results

Before Tuning After Tuning

Analysis:-
In case of low pass maximally flat N=5 filter, starting the design with L or C does not make any
observable difference in Filter Response

3. Maximally Flat Low Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with a Capacitor)

C1 L2 C3

__________ __________ __________

1.5915e-12 7.9577e-09 1.5915e-12

Result

Before Tuning After Tuning

4. Maximally Flat Low Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with an inductor)

Values from MATLAB

L1 C2 L3

3.9789e-09 3.1831e-12 3.9789e-09

Results
 Before Tuning After Tuning

Analysis:-
In case of low pass maximally flat N=3 filter, starting the design with L or C does not make any
observable difference in Filter Response.

5. ChebyShev Low Pass Filter N=5 (Starting with a Capacitor)

%for 0.5 db Chebyshev low pass filter

G1= 1.7058
G2= 1.2296
G3= 2.5408
G4= 1.2296
G5= 1.7058
freq=2*10.^9
omega= 2*pi*freq
%Frequency Scaling and Conversion

% starting with an capacitor:

T=table(C1,L2,C3,L4,C5)
Values:

C1 L2 C3 L4 C5

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________

2.7149e-12 4.8924e-09 4.0438e-12 4.8924e-09 2.7149e-12

Results
Sharp attenuation at cutoff

Ripples in pass band (not observable)

Before Tuning

After Tuning

6. ChebyShev Low Pass Filter N=5 (Starting with an Inductor)

L1 C2 L3 C4 L5

__________ _________ _________ _________ __________

6.7872e-09 1.957e-12 1.011e-08 1.957e-12 6.7872e-09

Results

7. ChebyShev Low Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with a Capacitor)

C1 L2 C3

2.5406e-12 4.3636e-09 2.5406e-12

Results
 Before Tuning After Tuning

8. ChebyShev Low Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with an Inductor)

Calculated Values:-

L1 C2 L3

__________ __________ __________

6.3515e-09 1.7455e-12 6.3515e-09

BAND PASS FILTERS

9. ChebyShev Band Pass Filter N=5 (Starting with a Capacitor)

Matlab Code

G1=1.7058;
G2=1.2296;
G3=2.5408;
G4=1.2296
G5=1.7058

R=50;
bw=0.1
freq=2*10.^9
w= 2*pi*(freq)
C1=(G1)/(w*bw*R)
L1=(bw*R)/(G1*w)
C2=(bw)/(w*G2*R)
L2=(G2*R)/(w*bw)
C3=(G3)/(w*bw*R)
L3=(bw*R)/(G3*w)
C4=(bw)/(w*G4*R)
L4=(G4*R)/(w*bw)
 C5=(G5)/(w*bw*R)

Values from Matlab

C1 L1 C2 L2 C3
2.7149e-11 2.3326e-10 1.2944e-13 4.8924e-08 4.0438e-11

L3 C4 L4 C5 L5
1.566e-10 1.2944e-13 4.8924e-08 2.7149e-11 2.3326e-10

Circuit In ADS

Result
 10. ChebyShev Band Pass Filter N=5 (Starting with an Inductor)

L1 C1 L2 C2 L3 C3

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

3.7015e-08 1.7108e-13 8.6932e-10 7.2845e-12 1.3178e-08 4.8054e-13

L4 C4 L5 C5

1.9038e-09 3.3263e-12 2.8568e-09 2.2166e-12

Analysis: For N=5, Chebyshev 0.5 db , has a much better response when
capacitor is taken as first element during circuit design and same is depicted
through S(2,1) values.
11. ChebyShev Band Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with a Capacitor)
G1=1.5963;
G2=1.0967;
G3=1.5963;
RL=1;
R=50;
bw=0.1
freq=2*10.^9
w= 2*pi*(freq)
C1=(G1)/(w*bw*R)
L1=(bw*R)/(G1*w)
 C2=(bw)/(w*G2*R)
L2=(G2*R)/(w*bw)
C3=(G3)/(w*bw*R)
L3=(bw*R)/(G3*w)

Values
C1 L1 C2 L2 C3 L3

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

2.5406e-11 2.4926e-10 1.4512e-13 4.3636e-08 2.5406e-11 2.4926e-10

Results

12. ChebyShev Band Pass Filter N=3 (Starting with an Inductor)

%for Chebeshev BandPass filter for N=3 series

Ro=50;
bw=0.1
freq=2*10.^9
w= 2*pi*freq
L1=(G1*Ro)/(w*bw)
 C1=bw/(G1*w*Ro)
L2=(bw*Ro)/(w*G2)
C2=G2/(w*bw*Ro)
L3=(G3*Ro)/(w*bw)
C3=bw/(w*G3*Ro)
T=table(L1,C1,L2,C2,L3,C3)

Values From Matlab

L1 C1 L2 C2 L3 C3

__________ __________ _________ __________ __________ __________

6.3515e-08 9.9702e-14 3.628e-10 1.7455e-11 6.3515e-08 9.9702e-14

Results
Passes signal max at 2 G Hz , however, pass band response is not good as all signal in pass band is
not transmitted.
Analysis: Pass band response of Chebyshev Filter for N=3 is much better incase we take first
element as capacitor than when we take inductor as first element which is evident from S(1,1) and
S(2,1)

Conclusion
In this assignment, we have studied effects of considering first value of design
as inductor / capacitor on filter response. It was found that in case of
Butterworth and Chebyshev(N=3 and N=5) there is no observable effect of
selecting either inductor or capacitor on filter response, whereas, Pass band
response of Chebyshev Filter for N=3 and N=5 is much better incase we take
first element as capacitor than when we take inductor as first element which is
evident from S(1,1) and S(2,1).