BASIC PRINCIPLES OF WALL

CONSTRUCTION
 Two types
• Load bearing / • Non Load Bearing
structural

Source: Construction detailing for Interiors

Load on a load bearing wall

Source: Construction detailing for Interiors

Load through
beam and
column inside a
wall.
In this case the
wall does not
have to be load
bearing

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Making a whole in a masonry wall

The arch is a traditional way to

make a whole in a masonry wall
and supports the load above it
More recently Making an
opening through a
masonry wall can be done
using lintels
Lintel from concrete or
steel to support weight
above opening

Source: Construction detailing for Interiors

For opening with door or windows

Source: wikipedia
Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design
Non Masonry wall: eg. timber Stud
Partition wall

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Sizing commonly used in consideration
with size of multiplex or plaster board
of 1200 x 2400 m or its subdivisions
(e.g. 600mm)

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

400 or
600mm center means
center to middle width
center position of element
Junction between old existing masonry
wall and new partition wall

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Sequence of how to construct
Attached to ceiling

Attached to floor

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Continued….

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Detailed
observation:
Staggered
so that it
can be
nailed from
the side

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Common frame material
• Timber/wood frame • Metal (cold form steel)
Frame

Source: wikipedia
 How to deal
with junction
corners

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Detail of Corner junction for timber
stud frame construction

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Detail of corner for metal stud frame
construction (e.g. steel or aluminium)

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Example before and after shot of metal
stud frame partition

Source: interior construction manual

 Further Detail for timber construction
and plaster

2. Scrim tape is
1. Screw the
applied at joint
boards to the
between boards
frame

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 continued
3, Filling plaster applied so that 4. After a few layers are applied and
joint cannot be seen smoothed over this is the smooth result

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Common board
material 1:

Source: interior construction manual

Common board
material 2:

Source: interior construction manual

Ways to deal with junction of wall to
floor
• Conventional skirting • Shadow gap skirting
 Conventional skirting at location
where wall meets floor

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Shadow gap skirting

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Other types can be seen in appendix
1
Ways to deal with junction of partition
wall to existing ceiling
• Omitting the cornice
• cornice
Traditional cornice Bottom of floor slab or beam

Section:

ceiling

wall
Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design
EXAMPLE OF OTHER CORNICE CAN
BE SEEN IN APPENDIX 2
Some forms of partition wall beyond
the basic flat wall

• Curved walls
• Free standing walls
• Floating walls
• Glazed partitions ( glass partitions)
 1. Curved walls

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Construction of curve walls

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Some extra effort needed to fasten flat
board to be able to cope with the bending

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Other examples can be seen in
appendix 3:
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
OPENINGS ( DOOR, WINDOW)
CONSTRUCTION
 Basic necessity to know first
Door leaf and its opening direction
symbol

Door knob or handle

Door frame

Door Hinge

Source: graphic guide to interior details

Further detailed parts of the door
can be seen in appendix 4
Compare door way without and with
an architrave
Possible Relation at junction between
wall and door can be further seen in
appendix 5
• Using Architrave cover
• Using shadow gap
 Alternative door types
• Sliding Door
• Folding Door
• Door with a Fanlight
• Glass in door
• Frame door with panel
• Tall frameless doors
Sliding door

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Sliding door

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Folding door

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Fanlights

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Glass in door

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Frame with panel and Frameless door

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

END OF MAIN LECTURE
•
References
Bailey S and Baker J (2014 )Visual merchandising for fashion London : Bloomsbury Academic.
• Ballard Bell V with Rand P ( 2006 ). Materials for design New York : Princeton Architectural Press.
• Behling S (1999) Glas : Konstruktion und Technologie in der Architektur = Glass : structure and technology in architecture Munchen ; London : Prestel
• Bridgewater A (2010). Woodwork : a step-by-step photographic guide to successful woodworking. London ; New York : DK Pub.
• Bruno A. (2009)Featuring steel : resources, architecture, reflections , Munich :Detail,
• Ching F., et al (2009) Building Structures Illustrated, Hoboken New jersey, John Wiley and Sons
• Ching F., et al (2008) Building Construction Illustrated, Hoboken New jersey, John Wiley and Sons
• Hausladen G and Tichelmann K (2010). Interiors construction manual : integrated planning, finishings and fitting-out, technical services / Basel :
Birkhäuser ; Munich : Edition Detail.
• Glenn Howell Associates (2014). GHA 20. Glenn Howell Associates pdf booklet
• Hegger M Construction materials manual (2006) Basel : Birkhäuser ; Munich : Edition Detail,
• Jeon JS (2008) Detail Now 04 : Total interior, hotels, retail Seoul, Korea :CA Press.
• Kottas D. (2012). Architecture and construction in glass Barcelona : Links books
• Matsumoto G (20012). SPA-DE : space & design : international review of interior design . Volume 15 Mulgrave, Vic. : Images Publishing Group
• Matsumoto G (2004). SPA-DE : space & design : international review of interior design . Volume 1Mulgrave, Vic. : Images Publishing Group
• McLeod V. (2011) Detail in contemporary glass architecture . London : Laurence King Pub.
• McLeod V. (2010) Detail in contemporary timber architecture. London : Laurence KingPublishing.
• Plunkett D (2010) Construction detailing for Interiors London Uk, Lawrence King
• Plunkett and Reid O ( 2013) Detail in contemporary bar and restaurant design. London : LaurenceKing Pub.
• Plunkett and Reid O ( 2012) Detail in contemporary retail design London : Laurence King Pub.
• Reichel A et al (2007) Building with steel : details, principles, examples Munich : Edition Detail, Basel : Birkhauser
• Riba.com (2014) RIBA 8 stages pdf booklet
• Stones J (2011) Very small cafés & restaurants. London : LaurenceKing
• Schittich C. ed (2013) Designing circulation areas : stairs, ramps, lifts : routing, planning principles Munich : Edition DETAIL, Institut für Internationale
Architektur-Dokumentation GmbH & Col. KG.
• Schittich C. ed (2009) In detail : exhibitions and displays : museum design concepts, brand presentation, trade show design. Basel, Switzerland :
Birkhäuser Verlag AG.
• Schittich C. ed (2008) Interior surfaces and materials : aesthetics, technology, implementation Basel : Birkhäuser
• Schittich C. ed (2002)Interior spaces : space, light, materials. München : Edition Detail ; Basel :Birkhäuser
• Tow T lecture notes from previous years
• Trebilcock P and Lawson M London (2004) Architectural design in steel New York : Spon Press.
• Watts A (2010). Modern construction handbook. Wien ; New York : Springer.
• Wigginton M. ( 1996) Glass in architecture. London : Phaidon
• Wikipedia.org;
• Wu,A and Qu A (2011) Feature commercial space Hong Kong : Phoenix,
• Wurm J (2007)Glass structures : design and construction of self-supporting skins . Basel : Birkhäuser
APPENDIX 1
 Sequence of construction

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Sequence of
construction

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Combo: timber skirting with shadow
gap

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Sequence of
construction
APPENDIX 2
Omitting Bottom of floor slab or beam

the
cornice
Section:

ceiling

wall
Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design
shadow
gap
Appendix 3
Some possible curved wall forms
in relation to
existing wall

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Ways to attach the partition to the existing
wall

Observe suggested
location of
attachment

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 2. Free standing walls

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Some forms of Free standing walls

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

3. Floating walls
 Some forms of floating walls

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Construction of the
base

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Cladding board of freestanding and
floating partition

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Alternative to fixing the boards
continuously on the frame
• Shadow gap • Cover strip

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Shadow gap in detail

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Cover strip in detail

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Invisible fixing alternatives: 1. rear fixing

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design
demountable fixing
Invisible fixing alternatives: 2.
 Glazed partition
• Framing with projecting beads
• Framing with beads set back
• Frame with recess
• Hidden Framing
• Horizontal framing
• Joined glass
 Glazed Partition

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Wood framing

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

Metal framing

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Framing with projecting beads

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Framing with beads set back

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Frame with recess

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Hidden frame

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

APPENDIX 4
 Door leaf in more detail

Source: graphic guide to interior details

Millions of door leaf panel patterns
you can use

Source: graphic guide to interior details

 Door frame in more detail

Source: graphic guide to interior details

 Door hinge in more detail

Source: graphic guide to interior details

APPENDIX 5
 an architrave adds appearance of
thickness to the door frame and covers
junction between wall and frame

architrave

Source: graphic guide to interior details

 Basic construction: using architrave
Door leaf

architrave
Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design
 Modern detailing: using shadow gap
Door leaf

Door leaf

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design

 Using expanded metal plaster stop

Plaster and door frame is aligned

Source: Construction and detailing for Interior design