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Introduction To Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the science concerned with the forces acting on the human body and their effects on body motion. It involves studying the forces and motions involved in human movement, particularly related to sports performance, to determine the most efficient techniques. Biomechanics looks at mechanics, kinematics, kinetics, anthropometrics and ergonomics to understand structure, function and movement of biological systems like the human body. The goal is to improve performance, reduce injuries, understand movement and adapt to equipment through mechanical analysis of living structures and physiological systems.

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324 views24 pages

Introduction To Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the science concerned with the forces acting on the human body and their effects on body motion. It involves studying the forces and motions involved in human movement, particularly related to sports performance, to determine the most efficient techniques. Biomechanics looks at mechanics, kinematics, kinetics, anthropometrics and ergonomics to understand structure, function and movement of biological systems like the human body. The goal is to improve performance, reduce injuries, understand movement and adapt to equipment through mechanical analysis of living structures and physiological systems.

Uploaded by

Rana Mubashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

BIOMECHANICS

DR. ABDUL REHMAN PT


DPT, MS-CPPT*
MS
DEFINITION:
Bio = body mechanics = forces
and motion

“Biomechanics is the science


concerned with forces
(internal & external) acting on
the human body and their
effects on the motion of the
body”.
WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS?

• It involves the study of Force and Motion involved in


human movement, particularly sports performance.

• In other words, biomechanics looks at what is best


technique for generating forces and producing the
most efficient motion, in order to maximize sports
performance.
BIOMECHANICS- WHAT IS IT?

• The mechanical bases of biological systems.


• The application of mechanical laws to living structure.
• The study of structure and functions of biological
systems by means of the methods of mechanics.
• We might think of biomechanics as the “physics of human
movement.”
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
MECHANICS:

• It is the branch of physics that


studies the motion of objects
and forces that acted upon it.
TYPES:

• Dealing with systems in a constant


Statics state of motion.

• Dealing with systems subject to


Dynamics acceleration.
• Statics: Study of systems that are in a constant state of
motion, whether at rest with no motion or moving at a
constant velocity without acceleration.
• Statics involve all forces acting on the body being in balance
resulting in the body being in equilibrium.
• Equilibrium (F1=F2)

• Dynamics: Study of systems in motion with


acceleration.
• A system in acceleration is unbalanced due to unequal forces
acting on the body.
• (F1≠F2)  ∆ Acceleration
KINEMATICS:
• Description of motion with
consideration of
 Time
 Space
 Displacement
 Velocity
 Acceleration
TYPES OF KINEMATICS:

• Bones moving in space in regard to joint surface.


Osteokinematics E.g.: Extension, Flexion, etc.

• Are the manners in which joint surfaces move in


Arthokinematics relation to each other.
KINETICS:

• Study of forces associated with


the motion of the body.
• Force & Injury
factors
• Magnitude
• Location
• Direction
• Duration
• Frequency
• Rate
KINETICS: FORCE SYSTEM
• LINEAR

• PARALLEL

• CONCURRENT

• GENERAL

• FORCE COUPLE
WHY STUDY BIOMECHANICS?

• Skill analysis
• Correction
• Pinpointing errors
• Developing a new technique
• Adapting to new equipment
• Understanding complex movement
behavior
BIOMECHANICS: DOES IT EXIST IN MORE
THAN ONE FIELD?
• Exercise and sport biomechanics
• Orthopedic biomechanics
• Occupational biomechanics
• Biomechanics of other biological systems
• Exercise and sport biomechanics
 Improving athletic performance.
eduction of athletic injuries.
 Reduction
• Orthopedic biomechanics
• Artificial limbs, joints, and orthoses to improve
functional movement capacity
• Study of natural and artificial biological tissues
• Occupational biomechanics
• Ergonomics and human factors
• Reduction of workplace injuries
• Biomechanics of other biological systems
• Comparative biomechanics (e.g., Swimming in fish,
locomotion in apes)
• Equine (horse) and canine (dog) racing performance
ANTHROPOMETRICS
• The science that deals with the measurement
of size, weight, and proportions of the human
body.
• The use of body dimensions and
measurements to design the system to fit the
operator
• This is the branch of ergonomics that deals
with body shape and size
ANTHROPOMETRIC DESIGN
1. Design for the RANGE
• Adjustable car seat, elbow rest height.

2. Design for the extreme


• Height – design clearance for tall people.
• Reach – design to be reached by short people.

3. Design for the average


• Public seating, designed to accommodate the median of the population in
use.
ERGONOMICS
• ERGONOMICS IS ABOUT 'FIT': THE FIT BETWEEN PEOPLE, THE
THINGS THEY DO, THE OBJECTS THEY USE AND THE
ENVIRONMENTS THEY WORK, TRAVEL AND PLAY IN.
REMEMBER

• DESIGN SO THE
LARGE CAN FIT, THE
SMALL CAN REACH
AND THE WEAK CAN
LIFT, LOWER, PUSH,
PULL & CARRY.
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