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Mã 403 - Đề 2020 + Key

This document contains an English exam with multiple choice questions testing grammar and vocabulary knowledge. It includes 25 questions testing parts of speech, word forms, meanings, and completing conversations. It also contains a reading comprehension passage and 5 additional questions about the passage. The exam tests a variety of essential English language skills.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
636 views13 pages

Mã 403 - Đề 2020 + Key

This document contains an English exam with multiple choice questions testing grammar and vocabulary knowledge. It includes 25 questions testing parts of speech, word forms, meanings, and completing conversations. It also contains a reading comprehension passage and 5 additional questions about the passage. The exam tests a variety of essential English language skills.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

ĐỀ + GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT MÃ 403


ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH CHÍNH THỨC 2020

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. click B. bride C. prize D. slice

Question 2: A. brings B. trains C. talks D. clears

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following question.

Question 3: A. consider B. discover C. imagine D. decorate

Question 4: A. beauty B. success C. album D. question

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 5: When I suggested he was mistaken, Mark got hot under the collar and stormed out of the
room.
A. felt anxious B. got emotional C. became furious D. remained calm

Question 6: With so many bruises over the body, it is obvious that the child has had a bad fall.
A. unfair B. unclear C. known D. correct

Mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 7: The new movie was a big hit as tickets for most of the showings were sold out.
A. beat B. failure C. success D. threat

Question 8: Being a wise politician, Mr. Brown tends to reserve his judgements till he knows all the
facts.
A. benefits B. bookings C. appearances D. decisions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of
the following exchanges.

Question 9: Pat and Sam are talking about doing exercise.


- Pat: “I don’t think we should exercise late at night”
- Sam:. “_______ ”. This increases our heartbeats and makes it harder to sleep.”
A. You can do it again B. I disagree with you
C. You’re right D. It’s not true.

Question 10: Anna is talking to Mark after their school's talent contest
- Anna: “So, you are the winner. Congratulations!”
- Mark: “ _______ ”
A. You’re welcome. B. No problem.
C. Not at all. D. Thank you.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
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Question 11: You often drive to work, ______?


A. don’t you B. didn’t you C. won’t you D. haven’t you

Question 12: Having your private life splashed across the front pages of newspapers and glossy magazines
is part and ________ of being a celebrity.
A. package B. parcel C. packet D. post

Question 13: Sometimes it can be really _______ to go biking alone in the forest.
A. dangerously B. danger C. endanger D. dangerous

Question 14: Instead of reading stories from book, Michelle’s father usually _______ stories to lull her to sleep.
A. turns off B. makes up C. takes after D. gets on

Question 15: Mary has been financially independent since she _______ to work.
A. went out B. will go out C. was going out D. would go out

Question 16: Many animal species are under threat of extinction _______ widespread deforestation.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of

Question 17: Mr Smith is often _______ first person to come to the office in the morning.
A. the B. an C. a D. Φ (no article)

Question 18: Experts agree that too hard workouts may ______ more harm than good.
A. do B. set C. hold D. make

Question 19: Tom doesn’t mind ______ his father mend things around the house.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping

Question 20: If I ______ you. I would take the doctor’s advice.


A. were B. are C. had been D. will be

Question 21: Dubai is famous _______ exciting nightlife.


A. to B. with C. on D. for

Question 22: The director extended his gratitude to all the staff for their ______ support, without which
the company couldn’t have overcome its difficult time.
A. unmoving B. unbending C. unfailing D. unfeeling

Question 23: Even little things like turning off the lights when not in use can make a difference to the
amount of electricity _______.
A. is consuming B. consuming C. consumed D. is consumed

Question 24: Thousands of ______ packed into the stadium to support their team in the final match.
A. viewers B. audiences C. witnesses D. spectators

Question 25: He won’t understand what the responsibilities of a father are ________.
A. until he has the first child B. after he had had his first child.
C.as soon as he had his first child D. once he had his first child.

Read the following passage and mart the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

Social networking sites are now estimated to have over 700 million users worldwide. As users can
create their own profiles, you might expect them to portray themselves in the best possible light. When
putting up a profile, it would be (26) ______ for them to present flattering images, choose sophisticated
and discerning interests, and carefully express their thoughts to appear more intelligent than in real life. (27)
_______ according to a recent study conducted on 250 Facebook users, this is not the case. Far from being
idealised versions of themselves, most users’ profiles (28) ______ closely to what they are really like and
show their true personalities including their both psychological weaknesses and natural physical flaws.

It's not entirely clear why online profiles depict users’ personalities so accurately. It could be that
users want to portray themselves as they really are, or that people attempt to present an ideal image of
themselves but fail to do so. One thing seems clear: social networking sites can in no way be considered a
false online world (29) ______ is idealised and removed from reality; rather, they are simply (30) _____
way in which people choose to interact with each other.
(Adapted from Esgtltli Jnltmatd by Adrian Doff and Ben Goldstein)

Question 26: A. controversial B. exceptional C. believable D. reasonable

Question 27: A. Besides B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However

Question 28: A. conform B. comply C. abide D. follow

Question 29: A. that B. who C. where D. when

Question 30: A. other B. another C. few D. many

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

For many years, schoolchildren in the US have been taken on 'field trips' to cultural institutions and
historical sites. Despite these trips involving some expense and disruption to class timetables, educators
arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills, but also to produce
civilised young people who appreciate the arts and culture.

However, there have been increasing signs in recent years that the attitude towards field trips is
changing, with a significant decrease in the number of tours organised for school groups. A survey carried
out by a group of school administrators found that over half the schools they asked had decided to cancel
trips planned for the next academic year.

So what are the reasons for this change? The most obvious one is the issue of finance. Because there
are increasing demands on their funds, schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the
limited money they have. Field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are seen by many as a luxury.
A large number of school heads also consider days spent away from school a waste of time, believing that
the only worthwhile use of students' time is spent preparing for exams in the classroom.

But why should anybody worry if schoolchildren go on fewer trips? Those that believe this is a
negative development in education would say that cultural field trips contribute to the development of
students into well-educated adults who have a healthy interest in history and the arts. Researchers warn that
if schools cut field trips, then valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich children's learning experiences
are lost.

(Adapted from Exam Booster by Helen Chilton, Sheila Dignen, Mark Fountain and Frances Treloar)
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

Question 31: What is the passage mainly about?


A. Positive changes in American schools B. Valuable academic learning experiences
C. New trends in educational development D. Field trips for schoolchildren

Question 32: According to paragraph 1, educators believe that through field trips, children can _______.
A. practise some outdoor activities B. enjoy their time at school
C. learn to value the arts and culture D. develop economically useful skills only

Question 33: The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to _______.


A. school administrators B. the schools
C. field trips D. school groups

Question 34: The phrase "a luxury" in paragraph 3 mostly describes something which is _______.
A. difficult and important B. new and common
C. expensive but not essential D. cheap but comfortable

Question 35: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?


A. The number of field trips organised for school groups is growing.
B. Cutting field trips may mean fewer opportunities for students' cultural learning.
C. Most school heads find it not worthwhile for students to spend time preparing for exams.
D. Schools no longer have to pay for their students' field trips.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A. B. C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

"I have not paid a single electricity bill since the year 1970," says Richard Perez with noticeable
glee. He can afford to be smug. He lives "off-grid" - unconnected to the power grid and the water, gas and
sewerage supplies that most people in the world rely on. He generates his own electricity, sources his own
water and deals with his own waste disposal - and he prefers it that way, "There are times when the grid
blacks out" he says. "I really like the security of having my own electricity company.

"Perez is not alone. Once the preserve of mavericks, hippies and survivalists, there are now
approximately 200,000 off-grid households in the United States of America, a figure that Perez says has
been increasing by a third every year for the past decade. For all of the people who live off-grid, self-
sufficiency means guilt-free energy consumption and peace of mind. "It feels brilliant to make use of clean,
free energy that is not from fossil fuels," says Suzanne Galant, a writer who lives off-grid in a rural area in
Wales, "And if something goes wrong, we can fix it ourselves. Now even urbanites are seeing the appeal
of generating some if not all of their own power needs. So is energy freedom an eco pipe-dream or the
ultimate good life?

Well, there is only one way to find out: begin to explore the possibilities of solar, wind or hydro-
power, But unless you live on a sunny, south-facing hillside with access to a nearby river or stream, that
might prove prohibitively expensive!

There is no doubt that being off-grid has its problems, and it is not always the cheapest way to get
the energy you need. Even so, pioneers like Perez have proved it can be done, and without giving up a 21st
century lifestyle: "I have got five personal computers, two laser scanners, two fridge-freezers, a microwave,
a convection oven, vacuum cleaners - you name it," says Perez. There is an external beam antenna on the
roof for the phone and a satellite dish for an internet connection. I have got 70 kWh in batteries that could
last me five days. I have too much electricity." Too much electricity and no more bills. That has got to be
worth aiming for.

Question 36: Which is the best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Unplugging from the Grid B. No water, no life!
C. A Day in the Life of an “Off-Grid” D. Living without Electricity
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

Question 37: The phrase “blacks out” in paragraph 1 mostly means _______.
A. serves many purposes B. fails to work
C. has no functions D. is able to run

Question 38: According to paragraph 1, Perez has managed to _______.


A. provide energy for people in his neighbourhood B. save a lot of money with his own company
C. stay independent of certain public utilities D. pay off his electricity bills since 1970

Question 39: The word “pipe-dream” in paragraph 2 mostly means _______.


A. a terrible situation B. an impractical hope
C. a promising vision D. a real nightmare

Question 40: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to _______.


A. being a pioneer B. giving up a 21st century lifestyle
C. being off-grid D. getting the energy

Question 41: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. The number of “off-gridders” in the US is said to have risen by 33% over the past ten years
B. Some city dwellers have shown an interest in producing their own electricity
C. “Off-gridders” enjoy not doing harm to the environment
D. People opting for off-grid living used to be considered quite eccentric.

Question 42: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Adopting an off-grid lifestyle is only suitable for low-income people
B. Leading a 21st century lifestyle means consuming a great deal of electricity
C. Many “off-gridders” have made a fortune selling their own electricity
D. Most people living in temperate regions are against the idea of living off-grid.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.

Question 43: Tom is more ambitious than his elder sister.


A.Tom is as ambitious as his elder sister.
B. Tom's elder sister is more ambitious than he is.
C. Tom's elder sister is not as ambitious as he is.
D. Tom is less ambitious than his elder sister.

Question 44: It is compulsory for all the students to finish their class work before going home.
A. All the students needn't finish their class work before going home.
B. All the students must finish their class work before going home.
C. All the students may finish their class work before going home.
D. All the students can't finish their class work before going home.

Question 45: "I'm going to have a job interview tomorrow," said Paul.
A. Paul said that I am going to have a job interview tomorrow.
B. Paul said that he was going to have a job interview the following day.
C. Paul said that I was going to have a job interview the following day.
D. Paul said that he was going to have a job interview tomorrow.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
Correction in each of the following questions.

Question 46: My mother always give me a big hug before I go to school in the morning.
A B C D
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Question 47: Reading books, listening to music, und play sports are among the most
A B C
popular leisure activities.
D

Question 48: One necessary preventive measure to be taken is that the public should be on
A B C
the outlook for symptoms of the disease.
D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 49: Some mobile applications are very tempting. They may expose users to identity theft.
A. So tempting are some mobile applications that they limit users' exposure to identity theft.
B. Tempting though some mobile applications are, they may expose users to identity theft.
C. It is the temptation of identity theft that exposes users to some mobile applications.
D. Not only is identity theft tempting, it also exposes users to some mobile applications.

Question 50: The English patient made a miraculous recovery from Covid-19. This was thanks to the
efforts of the Vietnamese medical staff.
A. If the English patient had made a miraculous recovery from Covid-19, the Vietnamese medical staff
would have made efforts.
B. But for the efforts of the Vietnamese medical staff, the English patient couldn't have made a
miraculous recovery from Covid-19.
C.Without the efforts of the Vietnamese medical staff, the English patient couldn't make a miraculous
recovery from Covid-19.
D. Suppose that the English patient made a miraculous recovery from Covid-19, the Vietnamese medical
staff would make efforts.
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

ĐÁP ÁN MÃ 403 - ĐỀ 2020

N0 Key Explanation

1 A /ɪ/ vs /aɪ/

2 C Quy tắc phát âm đuôi s.

3 D 2-2-2-1

consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/

imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/

4 B 1-2-1-1

beauty /ˈbjuːti/ success /səkˈses/

album /ˈælbəm/ question /ˈkwestʃən/

5 D get hot under the collar: nổi nóng, nổi giận >< remain calm: giữ được bình tĩnh

6 B obvious: rõ ràng >< unclear: không rõ ràng, mơ hồ.

7 C hit: một tác phẩm thành công (âm nhạc) ~ success.

8 D judgement: sự quyết định, sự phán xét ~ decision.


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9 C Vế sau cho thấy đây là 1 câu đồng ý với ý kiến ban đầu.

10 D Cảm ơn để đáp lại lời chúc mừng.

11 A Câu Hỏi Đuôi Cơ Bản.

12 B part and parcel (of sth): phần thiết yếu, phần không thể thiếu (của điều gì).

13 D Cần 1 Tính từ sau to be và Trạng từ really.

14 B make up a story: sáng tạo ra 1 câu chuyện, bịa ra một câu chuyện.

15 A Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành + Since + Quá Khứ Đơn.

16 D Cần 1 từ chỉ nguyên nhân và đi cùng Danh từ.

17 A the + số thứ tự.

18 A do harm: gây hại ; do good: mang lại lợi ích

+ workout: sự tập thể lực, tập thể dục.

19 B (not) mind doing sth: (không) phiền làm việc gì.

20 A Câu Điều Kiện loại II.

21 D famous for sth: nổi tiếng về cái gì.

22 C unfailing (support): (sự ủng hộ) liên tục, không ngừng.

23 C Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ dạng bị động.

24 D spectator dùng cho khán giả đi xem trực tiếp trận đấu của các môn thể thao.

25 A Tương Lai Đơn + Liên Từ + Hiện Tại Đơn / Hiện tại Hoàn Thành.

26 reasonable: hợp lý.

- do nghĩa của câu:

When putting up a profile, it would be reasonable for them to present flattering images, choose
sophisticated and discerning interests, and carefully express their thoughts to appear more
intelligent than in real life.

=> Khi xây dựng thông tin cá nhân, sẽ là hợp lý khi họ (người dùng mạng xã hội) đăng lên những
hình ảnh hay đẹp, lựa chọn những mối quan tâm phức tạp và thông thái, và cẩn thận thể hiện suy
nghĩ của họ để trông có vẻ thông minh hơn ngoài đời thực.

27 D nối với nghĩa đoạn trước thì câu cần 1 từ đối lập:

However, according to a recent study conducted on 250 Facebook users, this is not the case.

=> Tuy nhiên, theo như một nghiên cứu gần đây được thực hiện trên 250 người dùng FB, điều
này là không đúng.
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28 A conform to/with sth: tuân theo cái gì.

+ comply with sth: tuân theo, làm theo cái gì.


+ abide by sth: tuân theo, làm theo cái gì.

+ follow sth - không dùng giới từ.

29 A cần 1 Đại Từ Quan Hệ dùng cho sự vật và làm chủ ngữ cho vế sau => that.

30 B trong số 3 từ, chỉ có another mới đi với Danh từ số ít đếm được - 3 từ còn lại đều phải đi với
dạng số nhiều.

TÓM TẮT BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU 5 CÂU

Đoạn 1: Đặc điểm của field trip (chuyến đi quan sát môi trường thực tế ; chuyến đi thực tế)

Đoạn 2: Sự suy giảm những chuyến đi này gần đây.

Đoạn 3: Nguyên nhân của sự suy giảm (do kinh phí).

Đoạn 4: Tác hại có thể nếu việc này bị giảm đi.

31 D ý này bao quát nhất cho cả 1 vấn đề.

+ ý A không được nhắc đến trong bài.


+ ý B chỉ được nhắc phần nào ở Đoạn 1
+ ý C không phản ánh chính xác - không có xu hướng mới nào liên quan việc phát triển giáo dục
(tuy nhắc đến sự thay đổi nhưng cái này được cho là tiêu cực, và cũng không phải xu hướng).

32 C educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills,
but also to produce civilised young people who appreciate the arts and culture.

- appreciate: đánh giá cao, coi trọng ~ value.

33 A A survey carried out by a group of school administrators found that over half the schools they
asked had decided to cancel trips planned for the next academic year.

=> they = school admistrators (những người quản lý trường học).

34 C luxury: xa xỉ, xa hoa ~ đắt mà không cần thiết lắm.

35 B cuối đoạn 4:

Researchers warn that if schools cut field trips, then valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich
children's learning experiences are lost.

=> trong đó ở đoạn 1 có nói các chuyến field trip này có tác dụng giúp học sinh có trải nghiệm
thêm về culture (văn hóa).
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TÓM TẮT BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU 7 CÂU

Đoạn 1: Một ví dụ về 1 người không dùng điện lưới quốc gia (off-grid / off-gridder (chỉ người)).

Đoạn 2: Đặc điểm của những off-gridder (số lượng, tư tưởng của họ …).

Đoạn 3: Điều kiện để có thể tạo ra offgrid.

Đoạn 4: Ý kiến tổng quan về offgrid của người trong cuộc.

36 A unplugging from the grid: rút ra khỏi mạng lưới điện ~ off-grid.

(Bộ muốn các bạn suy luận off-grid => unplugging from the grid - nhưng Bộ không nói lamfsao
các bạn có thể có kỹ năng suy luận này)

+ ý B không được nhắc đến.


+ ý C chỉ được nhắc đến 1 phần ở Đoạn 4.
+ ý D sai do ở đây chỉ không dùng điện quốc gia chứ không phải không có điện.

37 B black out: mất điện, cúp điện ~ fail to work: không hoạt động.

(có thể suy luận vì 3 ý còn lại không hợp)

38 C He lives "off-grid" - unconnected to the power grid and the water, gas and sewerage supplies that
most people in the world rely on

=> ông này tự chỉnh để sống không phụ thuộc vào một số cơ quan cung ứng công cộng (như sự
cung cấp điện, ga, nước, hệ thống cống rãnh …)

+ public utilities: các cơ quan lợi ích công cộng (nhà máy điện, nhà cung cấp khí đốt …)

39 B pipe-dream: mơ ước, hi vọng viển vông ~ an impractical hope: một hi vọng phi thực tế.

40 C There is no doubt that being off-grid has its problems, and it is not always the cheapest way to get
the energy you need. Even so, pioneers like Perez have proved it can be done

=> it = being off-grid.

41 A there are now approximately 200,000 off-grid households in the United States of America, a figure
that Perez says has been increasing by a third every year for the past decade.

=> tăng 1/3 hàng năm trong vòng 1 thấp kỷ không phải là tăng lên 33% trong vòng 10 năm - con
số này phải lớn hơn nhiều.

___

+ Đoạn 2: Now even urbanites are seeing the appeal of generating some if not all of their own
power needs - urbanite: người sống ở thành thị => ý B.

+ Đoạn 2: For all of the people who live off-grid, self-sufficiency means guilt-free energy
consumption and peace of mind. "It feels brilliant to make use of clean, free energy that is not
from fossil fuels," => ý C.

+ eccentric: lập dị ~ maverick: người lập dị. => ý D.


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42 B Even so, pioneers like Perez have proved it can be done, and without giving up a 21st century
lifestyle: "I have got five personal computers, two laser scanners, two fridge-freezers, a microwave,
a convection oven, vacuum cleaners - you name it," says Perez.

=> khi nói đến lối sống thế kỷ 21, ông này liệt kê 1 loạt các đồ dùng bằng điện => sống ở thế kỷ
21 sẽ tiêu thụ nhiều điện năng.

43 C A hơn B => B không bằng A.

44 B compulsory: bắt buộc ~ must.

45 B Câu chuyển Gián Tiếp Cơ Bản.

46 A give => gives

=> lỗi Hòa Hợp Chủ Ngữ + Động Từ.

47 A play => playing

=> lỗi chia đồng dạng các từ khi được liên kết = and - play phải chia V-ing cho đồng dạng với
reading và listening ở trước.

48 D outloook: quan điểm, viễn cảnh => lookout

+ lookout phải trong cấu trúc:

be on lookout for sth: trông chừng, để ý cái gì.

49 B 2 câu mang tính mâu thuẫn, đối lập:

“Một vài ứng dụng điện thoại di động thì rất hấp dẫn. Chúng có thể khiến người dùng dễ bị ăn cắp
dữ liệu.”

=> dùng cấu trúc nối: Adj + as/though + S + to be: mặc dù ( ~ although + S + V + O)

50 B Bệnh nhân người Anh đã có sự hồi phục kỳ diệu khỏi Covid-19. Điều này là nhờ có nỗ lực của đội
ngũ nhân viên y tế Việt Nam.

=> Nếu không nhờ có nỗ lực của đội ngũ nhân viên y tế Việt Nam, bệnh nhân người Anh đã không
thể có sự hồi phục kỳ diệu khỏi Covid-19

(dùng but for với câu điều kiện Loại 3 - thay cho vế If)

NHỮNG TỪ / CỤM TỪ CẦN NHỚ BÀI ĐỌC 5 CÂU

- institution: cơ quan, viện. tổ chức - disruption : sự ngắt quãng, sự làm mất tính liên tục

- in the belief that: với niềm tin (rằng) - civilised: văn minh, lịch sự.

- school head: lãnh đạo trường ; hiệu trưởng - healthy (interest): (mối quan tâm) lành mạnh
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

BẢN DỊCH BÀI ĐỌC 7 CÂU

"I have not paid a single electricity bill since the year 1970," says Richard Perez with noticeable
glee. He can afford to be smug. He lives "off-grid" - unconnected to the power grid and the water, gas and
sewerage supplies that most people in the world rely on. He generates his own electricity, sources his own
water and deals with his own waste disposal - and he prefers it that way, "There are times when the grid
blacks out" he says. "I really like the security of having my own electricity company.

“Tôi đã không phải trả một đồng tiền điện nào kể từ năm 1970,” Richard Perez nói với sự hân
hoan đáng kể. Ông ấy đủ khả năng để tự mãn. Ông ấy sống "ngoài lưới điện quốc gia" - không kết nối với
lưới điện và các nguồn cung cấp nước, khí đốt và hệ thống thoát nước mà hầu hết mọi người trên thế giới
phụ thuộc vào. Ông ấy tự sản xuất điện, tự cung cấp nước và xử lý rác thải của chính mình - và ông ấy
thích kiểu đó hơn, "Có những lúc bị mất điện", ông ấy nói. “Tôi thực sự thích tính an toàn của việc sở hữu
công ty điện của riêng mình.”

"Perez is not alone. Once the preserve of mavericks, hippies and survivalists, there are now
approximately 200,000 off-grid households in the United States of America, a figure that Perez says has
been increasing by a third every year for the past decade. For all of the people who live off-grid, self-
sufficiency means guilt-free energy consumption and peace of mind. "It feels brilliant to make use of clean,
free energy that is not from fossil fuels," says Suzanne Galant, a writer who lives off-grid in a rural area in
Wales, "And if something goes wrong, we can fix it ourselves. Now even urbanites are seeing the appeal
of generating some if not all of their own power needs. So is energy freedom an eco pipe-dream or the
ultimate good life?

Perez không phải duy nhất. Từng là nơi cứ ngụ của những người khác người (lập dị), người lập dị
(kiểu hip-pi) và những người (thích) sống kiểu sinh tồn, hiện có khoảng 200.000 hộ gia đình không dùng
lưới điện quốc gia ở Hoa Kỳ, con số mà Perez cho rằng đã tăng 1/3 mỗi năm trong 1 thập kỷ vừa qua. Đối
với tất cả những người sống ngoài lưới điện, việc tự sản tự tiêu có nghĩa là sự tiêu thụ năng lượng mà
không cảm thấy tội lỗi và rất yên tâm. “Thật tuyệt vời khi sử dụng năng lượng sạch, miễn phí không có
nguồn gốc là nhiên liệu hóa thạch,” Suzanne Galant, một nhà văn sống kiểu off-grid ở một vùng nông thôn
ở xứ Wales, nói, “Giờ đây, ngay cả những người thành thị cũng đang thấy được sự hấp dẫn của việc tạo
ra một số, nếu không phải tất cả, nhu cầu năng lượng của chính họ. Vậy tự do năng lượng là một mong
ước viển vông trong thiên nhiên hay một cuộc sống tốt đẹp tột bậc?

Well, there is only one way to find out: begin to explore the possibilities of solar, wind or hydro-
power. But unless you live on a sunny, south-facing hillside with access to a nearby river or stream, that
might prove prohibitively expensive!

Chà, chỉ có một cách để tìm ra: bắt đầu khám phá các khả năng của năng lượng mặt trời, gió hoặc
thủy điện. Nhưng trừ khi bạn sống trên một sườn đồi đầy nắng, quay mặt về phía nam với lối đi ra sông
hoặc suối gần đó, việc đó đó có thể cho thấy là (nó) rất đắt!

There is no doubt that being off-grid has its problems, and it is not always the cheapest way to get
the energy you need. Even so, pioneers like Perez have proved it can be done, and without giving up a 21st
century lifestyle: "I have got five personal computers, two laser scanners, two fridge-freezers, a microwave,
a convection oven, vacuum cleaners - you name it," says Perez. There is an external beam antenna on the
roof for the phone and a satellite dish for an internet connection. I have got 70 kWh in batteries that could
last me five days. I have too much electricity." Too much electricity and no more bills. That has got to be
worth aiming for.
Lớp Tiếng Anh Online Hoàng Việt Hưng

Hiển nhiên là việc off-grid cũng có vấn đề của riêng nó và không phải lúc nào nó cũng là cách rẻ
nhất để có được năng lượng bạn cần. Mặc dù vậy, những người tiên phong như Perez đã chứng minh điều
đó có thể làm được và không hề từ bỏ lối sống của thế kỷ 21: "Tôi có năm máy tính cá nhân, hai máy quét
laser, hai tủ lạnh, một lò vi sóng, một lò nướng đối lưu, máy hút bụi - và những thứ tương tự," Perez nói.
Có một ăng-ten gắn trên xà ở bên ngoài trên mái nhà để dùng cho điện thoại và một đĩa vệ tinh để kết nối
internet. Tôi đã có 70 kWh trong các ắc-quy có thể sử dụng trong năm ngày. Tôi có quá nhiều điện." Quá
nhiều tiền điện và không còn hóa đơn. Điều đó đáng phải nhắm tới.

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