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Basics of Distillation Column Piping

Distillation columns separate liquid mixtures using trays or plates to bring the vapor and liquid phases into contact. Feed is introduced along the column shell and cascades down the stacked trays while vapor rises up, contacting the liquid. Absorption and stripping operations use this process to absorb or strip components between a gas and liquid. Fractionation columns separate crude oil and other feeds into distillate products of varying boiling points through heating, vaporization, condensation, and refluxing within the column and with a reboiler providing heat at the bottom.

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Rahul Chandrawar
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628 views8 pages

Basics of Distillation Column Piping

Distillation columns separate liquid mixtures using trays or plates to bring the vapor and liquid phases into contact. Feed is introduced along the column shell and cascades down the stacked trays while vapor rises up, contacting the liquid. Absorption and stripping operations use this process to absorb or strip components between a gas and liquid. Fractionation columns separate crude oil and other feeds into distillate products of varying boiling points through heating, vaporization, condensation, and refluxing within the column and with a reboiler providing heat at the bottom.

Uploaded by

Rahul Chandrawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basics of Distillation Column Piping

pipingguide.net/2014/06/basics-of-distillation-column.html

The Distillation is a Process of separation of constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate


Recovery of Vapour Residue.

Various Kinds of
devices Called Plates
or Trays are used to
bring the two phases
in intimate contact.
The trays are stacked
one above other &
enclosed in a
Cylindrical Shell To
Form An Equipment
what we call as
'Distillation Column'.

Basics of Distillation Column

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION PROCESS

FEED :

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• Feed is a Material which is to be
separated into fractions.

• It is Introduced at One or more


Points Along the Column Shell

• Due to Difference on the Gravity


between Liquid Phase & Vapor
Phases, the Liquid Runs Down the
column Cascading From tray to
Tray while the vapour goes up the
Column, Contacting the Liquid at
each tray.

ABSORPTION & STRIPPING

• Many operations in Petrochemical Plants require the Absorption of component of gas


streams into lean oils or Solvent.

• The resultant rich oil is then stripped or Denuded of the Absorbed Materials. The
Greatest use of this operation utilizes Hydro carbon materials but the Principles are
applicable to other systems provided adequate equilibrium data is available.

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Flow Diagram of Absorption-Stripping system for Hydrocarbon recovery from Gaseous
mixture

FRACTIONATION

• Fractionation Column is a type of still.

• Crude oil is a typical feed for such a


Fractionation column & from it, the
column can form simultaneously several
distillates such as Wax distillate, Gas oil,
Heating oil, Naphta, & Fuel gas.

The feed is heated in the furnace before it


enters the Column.

• As the feed enters in the Column,


quantities of vapour are given off by Schematic Process of Fractionation Tower
flashing due to release of pressure of the
feed.

• As the vapour rise up the column, they come in intimate contact with down flowing
Liquid.

During this contact, some of the higher components of the vapour are condensed &
some of the higher components of the down flowing liquids are vaporised.

• This process is termed as REFLUXING

REBOILER

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• The reboiler can be thought of as a pot sitting on Heating surface of a Stove top. In
order to create & sustain two phases Needed for the separation, Heat exchanger must
be regulated to the Column.

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The Reboiler is a large heat transfer unit that
is Generally located outside of the column
shell of the distillation column.

Reboiler Connections

DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS

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DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS

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• Column internals are based on the internal details i.e.

1) Plate Type.

2) Packed Column.

Process Flow Diagram

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Distillation column process flow diagram

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