8

SCIENCE
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Understanding Typhoons
Quarter 2- Week 5

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Science – Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Understanding Typhoons
Quarter 2- Week 5

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Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Marilyn D. Joaquin
Editors: Ronald P. Perez
Marlon T. Espura
Reviewer: Christian Ordillas
Illustrator: Ramil Rabaca
Layout Artist: Jojit M. Elemento
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica, EdD
Manolito B. Basilio, EdD
Evelyn D. Tarrayo, EdD
Garry M. Achacoso EPS LRMDS
Rachelle C. Diviva EPS MATH/ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 UNDERSTANDING TYPHOONS

Introduction

Every year the Philippines is hit by typhoons because of its geographical

location. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) stated that 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area
of Responsibility (PAR) each year.
Zambales is one of the most disaster-prone provinces of the Philippines. Its
geographical location made the province prone to typhoons coming from the Pacific
Ocean on the eastern side of the country which made it susceptible to flooding.
(Farin, Co, & Farin, 2017 in Rogayan & Dollete, 2020).
Tropical cyclones produce heavy rains and strong winds which result in
flooding of large areas and fatalities to human life and destructions to crops and
properties ("PAGASA" 2020).
It is therefore important to be knowledgeable about tropical cyclones to
understand how they develop, to track them, to know the effect that might happen,
and to be prepared. In this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you will learn how typhoon
develops and how is it affected by landmasses and bodies of water.

Learning Competency

Explain how typhoon develops and how it is affected by landmasses and

bodies of water.

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 Objectives

At the end of this guided learning activity kit, you are expected to:
1. describe and identify the parts of typhoon
2. explain how typhoon develop
3. infer why Philippines is prone to typhoon.

Review

In Grade 7, we have learned the geographical location of the Philippines , and

to recap your knowledge , where is the Philippines located? Is it above the equator
or below the equator?
The Philippines is also surrounded by bodies of water. It is located on the east
of the Pacific Ocean, on the west of the West Philippine Sea, on the south of Sulu
and Celebes Sea and of the north of the Bashi Channel.
You have also learned that our country experiences two kinds of monsoon:
The Southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon or also known as Habagat and
Amihan . Southwest monsoon or habagat which brings excessive rainfall and gusty
winds to the Philippines from June to November while , Northeast Monsoon or
amihan which generally brings cold and dry air to our country.
You have also learned about the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).The
ITCZ is the region that circles the Earth, near the equator, where the trade winds of
the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. The intense sun and warm
water of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, raising its humidity and making it
buoyant. You already know that warm air rises. ("The Intertropical Convergence
Zone" 2020)

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 Discussion

What is a typhoon?
Can you remember Typhoon Yolanda in 2013? It was considered as one of the
strongest tropical cyclones in world history. Typhoon Yolanda ravaged Eastern
Visayas, mainly the province of Leyte in November 2013. The typhoon caused heavy
rains, strong winds and storm surges. It had cloud bonds of 600 kilometers in
diameter and made six landfall activities.

Figure 1. Supertyphoon Yolanda as it moves west towards the

coast of the Philippines, at the center is the “eye” of the super
typhoon. Image by NASA Earth Observatory
The picture shows super typhoon Yolanda approaching the Philippines on
November 7, 2013 as viewed from up above the Earth. A typhoon looks the same,
only smaller. Do you see the clouds in a spiral arrangement? They are being blown
by winds in a counterclockwise direction. In a super typhoon, the wind speed is
greater than 220 kilometers per hour (kph). Super typhoon Yolanda has sustained
winds of 280 kilometers per hour (kph).
The five categories of tropical cyclones according to the strength of the
associated winds as adopted by PAGASA since May 01, 2015 are as follows:

Table 1. Tropical Cyclone Categories

Category Description
Tropical Depression (TD) Maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kph
Tropical Storm (TS) maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph
Severe Tropical Storm (STS) maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph
Typhoon (TY) maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph
Super Typhoon (STY) maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph
Source: bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
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 A tropical cyclone is a generic term used by meteorologists to describe an
intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized
by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain. (Zehnder 2020)
Winds in a tropical cyclone move in a certain direction; they go around a
central area. The appearance of the clouds in a tropical cyclone are in a spiral
arrangement; they are being blown by winds in a counterclockwise direction. They
develop at latitudes usually greater than 5° from the equator. (PAGASA 2020)
Tropical cyclones are known by various names in different parts of the world.
In the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern North Pacific, they are called hurricanes,
and in the western North Pacific around the Philippines, Japan, and China the
storms are referred to as typhoons (Zehnder 2020).
In the Philippines, we use the same word for all categories of tropical cyclones.
We call it “bagyo” whether it is a tropical depression, a tropical storm, severe tropical
storm, a typhoon or a super typhoon ( Campo et.al,2013).

Parts of a tropical Cyclone

According to NASA there are three main parts of a Tropical Cyclone. The Eye
is the center. It is the calm part of a tropical cyclone. The Eye Wall is the part that
surrounds the eye. This part has the strongest winds and rains. The winds may blow
up to 220 kph. Rain Bands are clouds that spin out and make the storm bigger.
These are the outer parts of a cyclone where sudden bursts of rain happen. There
can also be gaps between rainbands where no rain or wind occurs.

Figure 2. Parts of a Tropical Cyclone

Image lifted from https://tdem.texas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Texas-
Hurricane-Annex-_052220_2.pdf

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Under What Conditions do Tropical Cyclones Form?

The tropical cyclones have a thermal origin, and they develop over tropical
seas. Tropical cyclones need water vapor to form. Which do you think is a better
source of water vapor, landmasses or oceans? Not all parts of the ocean can provide
water vapor. Tropical cyclones require warm ocean waters to be able to develop.
According to scientists, the temperature of ocean water must be 26.5°C or greater.
Given this information, do you think typhoons can form in latitudes away from the
equator? ( Campo,et.al 2013).

The following conditions are favorable for a tropical cyclone to form:

1. Large sea surface with temperature higher than 26.5° C;

2. presence of the Coriolis force enough to create a rotating column of air; and
3. a pre-existing weak low-pressure area.

Tropical cyclones generally move in a northwest direction. When tropical

cyclones reach land, they die out because they are cut off from the warm ocean
waters that keep them going.

How Tropical Cyclones are formed

Figure 3. How Tropical Cyclones are formed?

Image lifted from PMF IAS. https://www.pmfias.com/tropical-cyclones-favorable-
conditions-tropical-cyclone-

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 Figure 3 illustrates the formation of tropical cyclones. As warm moist ocean
air arises, it meets a mass of cold air thereby forming clouds. This happens when
water gets as hot as 26.5 degrees Celsius (°C) or higher. Warm ocean water provides
energy for the tropical cyclone and causes more evaporation making humid air and
clouds. Because the earth rotates on its axis, there is a force that affects everything
that move in the air and it makes everything turn, we call this Coriolis Force or
Coriolis Effect. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to rotate. As wind rotates, a
column of low pressure develops at the center, this causes winds to form around the
column. The central column becomes the eye of the typhoon. As pressure in the eye
decreases, the speed of the wind around it increases. The process continues causing
a tropical cyclone to form.

Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons?

Philippines is considered as one of the most typhoon prone areas in the world
and frequently visited by typhoons. You already know that typhoons form in warm
seas and then they move on to land. If you locate the Philippines on the world map,
you will see the large bodies of water that surrounds the archipelago.
Our country is prone to typhoons because of its geographical location. It lies
in the most tropical cyclone prone waters on Earth, making it vulnerable to
typhoons.
It was also taught during Grade 7 that Philippines is just above the equator.
It lies along the west pacific basin, where most of the typhoons passing the
Philippines are formed.

Activities

Guided Practice 1
A. Arrange the five categories of tropical cyclone as to increasing windspeed.

Typhoon Tropical Storm Tropical Depression

Super Typhoon Severe Tropical Storm

1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________

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B. Read and understand the following Tropical Cyclone summary from the Weather
Division of PAGASA. After reading the text, fill up the box with correct information.

1. “Ompong” is the 15th tropical cyclone (TC) to enter or develop within the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in 2018 . The typhoon made landfall over the
remote portion of Baggao, Cagayan at 1:40 AM on September 15, 2018. Interaction
with the rugged terrain of Northern Luzon after landfall caused the typhoon to
weaken significantly after traversing Luzon. Ompong left the landmass of Luzon at
around 10:00 AM on September 15, 2018 and then left the PAR later that day at
9:00 PM, with an estimated maximum sustained wind of 145 km/h and gustiness
of up to 165 km/h. (Tropical Cyclone Summary, PAGASA 2020)

Tropical Cyclone Key Facts

Tropical Cyclone Name: ______________

Location of Landfall: _________________
Date and time of Landfall: __________________________
Maximum sustained wind: ____________
Tropical Cyclone Category: ____________

2. Chedeng has an estimated maximum sustained wind of 45 km/h and

central pressure of 1006 hPa. It entered the PAR at 11:00 AM of 17 March, 2019
while it moved generally westward. CHEDENG made landfall over Malita, Davao
Occidental at around 5:00 AM of March 19, 2019. Shortly after its landfall, Chedeng
weakened into an LPA due to land interaction and lack of moisture. (Tropical Cyclone
Summary, PAGASA 2020)

Tropical Cyclone Key Facts

Tropical Cyclone Name: _______________

Location of Landfall: _______________
Date and time of Landfall: ____________________________
Maximum sustained wind: _______________
Tropical Cyclone Category: _______________

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 3. “KARDING” is the 11th tropical cyclone (TC) that entered or developed
within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in 2018 and the 1st TC for the
month of August. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Philippine Sea,
KARDING was first noted as a tropical depression at 8:00 AM (07 August 2018). Its
peak intensity within the PAR was reached by 2:00 AM (10 August), with maximum
winds of 75 km/h and 90 km/h gusts. KARDING remained nearly stationary over
the Philippine Sea. By 9:00 AM of 11 August, the center of Tropical Storm KARDING
has left the PAR. The passage of KARDING resulted in the enhancement of the
Southwest Monsoon, which brought scattered to widespread monsoon rains over
Central Luzon and the western sections of Northern and Southern Luzon. (Tropical
Cyclone Summary, PAGASA 2020)

Tropical Cyclone Key Facts

Tropical Cyclone Name: _______________
Location of Landfall: _______________
Date and time of Landfall: ____________________________
Maximum sustained wind: _______________
Tropical Cyclone Category: _______________

Guided Practice 2

C. Name the parts of a tropical cyclone and write your answer inside the box.

1. 3.
2.

Image lifted from https://www.ducksters.com/science/earth_science/hurricanes.php

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 Parts of a Tropical Cyclone Description
Eye 4.
5. houses extremely high wind speeds
Rainbands 6.

D. Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons? Give 2 reasons.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Independent Practice

A. Arrange the following as to the correct sequence of tropical cyclone formation.

a. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to rotate.

b. When water gets as hot as 26.5 degree Celsius (°C) or higher, warm moist
ocean air rises and condenses to form clouds.
c. As wind rotate a column of low pressure develops at the center forming
the eye.
d. Warm ocean water provides energy for the tropical cyclone and causes
more evaporation making the air humid and more cloud formation.
e. As pressure in the eye decreases, the speed of the wind around it
increases. The process continues causing a tropical cyclone to form.

1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____

B. Complete the paragraph by supplying the correct information about tropical

cyclones. Choose your answer from the box.

Warm Tropical Cyclone equator Low

heavy spiral counterclockwise

6.)_______________ is a generic term used by meteorologist to describe an

intense circular storm that originates over 7.) _______________ tropical oceans and
is characterized by 8.) ________________atmospheric pressure, high winds, and
heavy rain. Winds in a tropical cyclone move in a certain direction they go around a
central area. The appearance of the clouds in a tropical cyclone are in a spiral
arrangement. They are being blown by winds in a 9.)_____________________direction.
They develop at latitudes usually greater than 5° from the 10.) ____________________.
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 Assessment

A. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect.

__________1. Coriolis Force is needed to create the spin in a typhoon.

__________2. Tropical Cyclone needs a sea surface with temperature higher than
26.5° C to form.

__________3. The winds spiral in the clockwise direction in the northern

hemisphere.

__________4. If a tropical cyclone reaches a maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph it

is classified as typhoon.
__________5. Tropical Cyclones have thermal origin, and they develop over tropical
seas.

B. Direction: Read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
1. What sea temperature is needed for tropical cyclones to form?
A. 24.5 °C
B. 23.5°C
C. 26.5°C
D. 25.5°C

2. Name given for a storm that occur in western North Pacific around the
Philippines, Japan, and China.
A. Tropical Cyclone
B. Cyclone
C. Hurricane
D. Thunderstorm

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3. A tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph is classified
as ____.
A. Tropical Depression
B. Tropical Storm
C. Severe Tropical Storm
D. Typhoon

4. When does a tropical cyclone classified as typhoon?

A. If it has a maximum wind speed is 62 to 88 kph.
B. If it has maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph.
C. If it has maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph.
D. If it has a maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph.

5. When does a tropical cyclone classify as super typhoon?

A. If it has a maximum wind speed is 62 to 88 kph.
B. If it has maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph.
C. If it has maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph.
D. If it has a maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph

6. What part of a tropical cyclone houses extremely strong winds and heavy
rains.
A. Eye
B. Eye wall
C. Rainbands
D. Core Area

7. The outer parts of a tropical cyclone where sudden bursts of rain happen.
There can also be gaps where no rain or wind occurs.
A. Eye
B. Eye wall
C. Rainbands
D. Core Area

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 8. What is the correct sequence of Tropical cyclone formation?

I. When water gets as hot as 26.5 degree Celsius (°C) or higher, warm
moist ocean air rises and condenses to form clouds.
II. Warm ocean water provides energy for the tropical cyclone and
causes more evaporation making the air humid and more cloud to
form.
III. As wind rotate a column of low pressure develops at the center
forming the eye.
IV. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to rotate.
V. As pressure in the eye decreases, the speed of the wind around it
increases. The process continues causing a tropical cyclone to
form.

A. I,II,III,IV,V B. I,II,III,V,IV C. I,III,II,IV,V D. I,II,IV,III,V

9. All of the following state the correct information about typhoon except ONE.
A. Ocean temperature higher than 26.5° C.
B. Low humidity
C. Pre-existing low-pressure area
D. Presence of the Coriolis force enough to create a rotating column of
air.

10. The following reasons are correct except ONE.

A. It is surrounded by large bodies of water.
B. It is situated along the Pacific Typhoon Belt.
C. The Philippines is located near the Western North Pacific Basin.
Most of the typhoons formed in this basin pass along the
Philippine territory.
D. It is located away from the equator.

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 Reflection

Things I learned in this Guided Learning Activity Kit.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Things I found interesting.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Question I want to ask.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 References

Biejo, Daisy Rose. 2019. "Why The Philippines Is Prone To Typhoons".

Slideshare.Net. https://www.slideshare.net/DaisyRoseBiejo/why-
the-philippines-is-prone-to-typhoons-81741048.

Campo, Pia, May Chaves, Leticia Catris, Marlene Ferido, Ian Kendrich
Fontanilla, Jacqueline Rose Gutierrez, and Shirley Jusayan et al.
2013. Science 8 Learner's Material. 1st ed. Department of
Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-
IMCS).

"Earth Science For Kids: Weather - Hurricanes (Tropical Cyclones)". 2020.

Ducksters.Com.
https://www.ducksters.com/science/earth_science/hurricanes.ph
p.

"NASA - How Strong Is That Hurricane?". 2020. Nasa.Gov.

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-
4/home/F_How_Strong_Is_That_Hurricane.html.

"PAGASA". 2020. Bagong.Pagasa.Dost.Gov.Ph.

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-
cyclone.

"PAGASA". 2020. Bagong.Pagasa.Dost.Gov.Ph.

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tropical-cyclone/tropical-
cyclone-summary.

Primer Inc. 2020. "Typhoons In The Philippines: What You Need To

Know". Tips & Guides. https://primer.com.ph/tips-
guides/2017/08/17/typhoons-in-the-philippines-what-you-need-
to-know/.

ROGAYAN, Danilo Jr., and Lea DOLLETE. 2020. "Disaster Awareness And
Preparedness Of Barrio Community In Zambales, Philippines:
Creating A Baseline For Curricular Integration And Extension
Program". Review Of International Geographical Education Online.
doi:10.33403/rigeo.634564.

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Saagundo, Cherilyn. 2016. "Typhoons In The Philippines - PDF Free
Download". Qdoc.Tips. https://qdoc.tips/typhoons-in-the-
philippines-pdf-free.html.

"State Of Texas Emergency Management Plan". 2020. Tdem.Texas.Gov.

https://tdem.texas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Texas-
Hurricane-Annex-_052220_2.pdf.

"Super Typhoon Haiyan". 2020. Earthobservatory.Nasa.Gov.

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/82341/super-typhoon-
haiyan.

"The Intertropical Convergence Zone". 2020. Earthobservatory.Nasa.Gov.

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/703/the-intertropical-
convergence-
zone#:~:text=The%20Intertropical%20Convergence%20Zone%2C%2
0or,humidity%20and%20making%20it%20buoyant.

"Tropical Cyclones: Favorable Conditions For Formation, Stages Of Formation

& Structure". 2020. PMF IAS. https://www.pmfias.com/tropical-
cyclones-favorable-conditions-tropical-cyclone-
formation/#Conditions_Favourable_for_Tropical_Cyclone_Formatio
n.

"What Is The Difference Between A Hurricane And A Typhoon?".

2020. Oceanservice.Noaa.Gov.
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/cyclone.html.

Zehnder, Joseph A. 2020. "Tropical Cyclone | Definition, Causes, Formation,

And Effects". Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/tropical-cyclone.

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Independent Practice A Guided Practice 1A
1. b 1. Tropical Depression
2. d 2. Tropical Storm
3. a 3. Severe Tropical Storm
4. c 4. Typhoon
5. e 5. Supertyphoon
Independent Practice B Guided Practice 1B
6. tropical cyclone
7. warm Tropical Cyclone Key Facts #1
8. low Tropical Cyclone Name: Ompong
9. counterclockwise Location of Landfall: Baggao, Cagayan
10.equator Date and time of Landfall: September 15,
2018 at :40 AM
Assessment Maximum sustained wind: 165 kph
A. Tropical Cyclone Category: Typhoon
1. TRUE
2. TRUE Tropical Cyclone Key Facts #2
3. FALSE Tropical Cyclone Name: Chedeng
4. FALSE Location of Landfall:Malita, Davao Occidental
5. TRUE Date and time of Landfall: March 19, 2019 at
5 AM
B. Maximum sustained wind: 45 kph
1. C Tropical Cyclone Category:Tropical
2. A Depression
3. C
4. B Tropical Cyclone Key Facts#3
5. D
6. B Tropical Cyclone Name: Karding
7. C Maximum sustained wind: 75 kph
8. D Tropical Cyclone Category: Tropical Storm
9. B
10. D Guided Practice 2C
Reflection 1. Eye wall
Answers may vary 2. Eye
3. Rainband
4. The center and calm part of a tropical
cyclone
5. Eye wall
6. Outer part of a tropical cyclone, which are
clouds that spin out.
Guided Practice 2B
1. It is surrounded by large bodies of water
2. It is near the equator or
It is near the pacific basin where typhoon
forms.
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:
First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts
to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning
delivery modalities.
Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators
making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;
Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its
financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources
for use by learners and parents at home;
Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with
the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for
their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and
Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for
gradually helping them become independent learners.
To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be
possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.
Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III - Schools Division of Zambales

Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391