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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 1

 jkpH; e hl; o y; rhFgo bra; a g; g Lk; gaph; vz; z pf; i fiag; guhkhpf; f hik/
gaWtifg; gaph;fspy; cSe;J/ ghrpg;gaW/ khdhthhp rhFgoapy; tpijfisf; fodg;
Jtiu Mfpait kpf Kf; f pakhd gaph; gLj;jhky; tp;ijj;jy;/ g{rzf; bfhy;yp kw;Wk;
fshFk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; 1979-80 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; iunrhgpak; caph; cu';fspy; tpij neh]j;jp
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2.51 ,yl;rk; vf;luhf mjpfhpj;J cw;gj;jpa[k; filgpof;fhik/ fis eph;thfj;ij rhptu
0.56 ,yl;rk; ld;fspypUe;J 1.43 ,yl;rk; nkw; b fhs; s hik/ o.V.gp my; y J a{hpah
ld;fshf cah;e;J mjd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDk; 327 fiury;/ gpshndhgpf;!; tsh;r;rp Cf;fpiar]
ypUe;J 570 fpnyh/vf;luhf cah;e;Js;sJ. rhpahd jUzj;jpy; gad;gLj;jhik/ g{f;Fk;
mnjnghy; ghrpg;gaW rhFgog; gug;gst[k; 0.99 jUzk; kw;Wk; fha;fs; tsh;r;rpaila[k;
,yl;rk; vf;lhpypUe;J 1.34 ,yl;rk; vf;luhf jUz';fspy; twl;rp epyt[jy;/ rhpahd
cah;e;J cw;gj;jpa[k; 0.33 ,yl;rk; ld;dpypUe;J jUzj;jpy; g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha;fisf;
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cw;gj;jpa[k; 0.43 ,yl;rk; ld;dhf ,Ue;J 0.21  mjpf ,ilbtspa[s;s gaph;fs; gaphpLk;
,yl;rk; ld;dhf Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk;;/ nghJ CLgapuhf gaWtifg; gaph;fisg;
cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; 632 fpnyh/vf;lhpypUe;J 732 gaphplyhk;
fpnyh/vf;luhf cah;e;Js;sJ.  tay; tug;g[fspy; gaphplyhk;
mjpf gl;rkhf 1800 fpnyh / vf;lh;  gaph; RHw;rpapy; gaWtifg; gaph;fisf;
tpisr;riyj; juty;y cSe;J ,ufk; (nfh.6)/ fl;lhak; rhFgo bra;jy; ntz;Lk;
1600 fpnyh / vf;lh; tpisr;riyf; bfhLf;fty;y  jhkpuguzp ghrdg; gFjpfspy; bey; jhprpy;
ghrpg; gaW ,ufk; (tk;gd; 3) Mfpa ,uf';fs; cSe; J tpijg; g pw; F Kf; f paj; J tk;
ghpe; J iuf; f g; g l; l gy; n tW cah; rhFgo mspf;f ntz;Lk;
bjhHpy; El; g '; f isf; filg; g poj; J gaph;  gUj;jp/ fUk;g[/ nrhsk; kw;Wk; fha;fwpg;
bra; j nghJk; Tl/ jw; n ghija ruhrhp gaph; f Sf; f pilapy; gaW tiffis
tpisr;ry; Fiwthfnt cs;sJ. CLgapuhf gaphplyhk;
gaWtifg] gaph; f spy; cw; g j; j pj; jpwd] gaWtiffspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfhpf;f
Fiwt[f;fhd fhuz';fs;; gy ,Ug;gpDk;/ kpf nkyhz;ik cj;jpfs;
Kf;fpa fhuz';fs; gpd; tUkhW :  ghrd trjp cs;s gFjpfspy; Jtiu/
gaWtifg; gaph;fs; bgUk;ghYk; tsk; cSe;J/ ghrpg;gaW nghd;w gaW
Fd;wpa epy';fspYk;/ khdhthhpapYk; rhFgo tiffisj; jdpg; gapuhf gapupLjy;
bra;ag;gLjy;/ epyj;ijr; rhpahf gz;gLj;  rhpahd gl;lj;jpy; fhyj;jpw;nfw;w cah;
jhky; tpijj;jy;/ gUtk; jtwp tpijj;jy;/ tpisr;ry; ,ufj;ijj; njh;t[ bra;jy;
jukw;w/ Fiwe;j cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; bfhz;l
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 2

 cueph;thfk;/ g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha; eph;thfk;  ghrd trjpa[s;s ,l';fspy; Jtiuia
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 ,uz;L rj o. V. gp cuj;ija[k;/ \yk; kfNiy mjpfhpf;fyhk;
gpshndhgpf; ! ; tsh; r ; r p Cf; f piaa[ k ;  gaWtifg; gaph;fis/ twl;rp Vw;gLfpd;w
g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpYk;/ 15 ehl;fs; fHpj;J nghJ bkhigy; !;gphp';fpsiu gad;gLj;jp
kPz;Lk; xU Kiw ,iy tHpahf mspj;jy; twl;rpapypUe;J ghJfhj;J mjpf kfNiy
 ey;y nrkpg;g[ fpl';Ffspy; tpijfisg; bgwyhk;
guhkhpj;J/ Kisg;g[j; jpwd; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jw;bghGJ ePz;l fhy Muha;r;rpfspd;
fspd; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Kothf gy cah; tpisr;ry; jUk;
 mWtilg; gpd;rhh; bjhHpy; El;g Ma;t[ ,uf';fshd Jtiu : tk;gd; 3/ nfh (Mh; $p) 7
fis nkk;gLj;Jjy; tk;gd; 2/ ghrpg;gaW : tk;gd; ($p $p) 3/
 'gaWfs; Cl;lr;rj;jpid' (Pulse Wonder) nfh ($p $p) 7/ cSe;J : ovd;Va[ cSe;J nfh 6/
1 Vf;fUf;F 2.5 fpnyh mstpy; 250 ypl;lh; tk;gd; 5/ nghd;w ,uf';fisa[k;/ bjhHpy;
jz; z Phpy; fye; J gaph; f s; g{f; F k; El;g';fisa[k; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg;
rkaj;jpy; fhiy neuj;jpy; ,iy tHp gy; f iyf; f Hfk; tptrha bgUkf; f Sf; F
bjspj;jy; mwpKfg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. gaWtif cw;gj;jp
 cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; jdpahfnth my;yJ R{H;epiyf;F Vw;w ,uf';fisj; njh;t[ bra;J
FGthfnth nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l jkpH;ehL rupahd gl;lj;jpy; tpijj;J/ mjw;fhd bjhHpy;
ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHf gUg;g[ El;g';fisa[k; filgpog;gjd; thapyhf gaW
cilf;Fk; fUtpia th';fp gad;gLj;jp tifg; gaph; f spd; cw; g j; j pj; jpwidf;
Jtiu/ cSe;J/ ghrpg;gaW Mfpatw;iw fzprkhf cah;j;j tha;g;g[s;sJ.
gUg;ghf cilj;J/ Rj;jk; bra;J/ juk; Jiznte;jh;
gphpj;J mjpf tUkhdj;ij <l;lyhk; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk;
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bjd; fpHf;fpy; 12 fP.kP. bjhiytpy; mike;Js;s bghUe;jpy; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; ghz;or;nrhp
gy;fiyf;fHf tuyhw;Wj;Jiw nguhrphpah; Kidth; fh. ,uh$d; jiyikapy; mz;ikapy;
ele;j mfH;tha;tpy; fpilj;j KJkf;fs; jhHp xd;wpy; vYk;g[fSld; ,uz;L fpnyh bey;
kzpfs; fpilj;Js;sd.
bghUe;jpy; Mw;wpy; fiuapy; mike;Js;s ,e;j Ciur;rhh;e;j 'bghUe;jpy;
,s';fPudhh;' vd;w g[yth] nrukd;dd; nrukhd; kh";nruy; ,Uk;bghiwia thH;j;jpa ghly;
r';f ,yf;fpakhd g[wehD}w;wpy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. "jkpHf KJkf;fs; jhHpfspy; tHf;fkhf
rpy jhdpa';fs; fpilj;Js;sd. bghUe;jpy; mUnf fpilj;jJ nghy mjpf mstpyhd
jhdpa';fs; ,Jtiuf] fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,Uk;g[f; fhyk; (Iron Age) vdg;gLk; 1000 fp.K Kjy;
300 fp.K tiu cs;s fhyfl;l khdhthhp jhdpa';fs; fpilj;Js;sd. jw;nghJ jhd;
Kjd;Kiwahf gaph; bra;ag;gl;l gaph; tifahd bey;kzpfs; fpilj;Js;sJ kpfKf;fpakhd
fz;Lgpog;ghFk;. ,it ,Uk;g[f;fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; jkpHfj;jpy; thH;e;j kf;fspd;
ntshz;ik mwpit btspg;gLj;Jtd" vd ghz;or;nrhp gpbu";R ,e;jpa epWtdj;jpd;
,e;jpatpay; Jiwapd; jiyth; Kidth; Xa;. Rg;guhaY Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.
(ed;wp: Fornt line Vol. 27, Iss. 20)

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 3

 Kidth] gh.br.ghz;oad;

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jpwid cah; j ; j plt[ k ; / tpisr; r iyg; khz;g[kpF Kjyikr;rh; mth;fshy; bgah;
bgUf;ft[k; v!;.Mh;.I (SRI) vd;w bjhHpy; El;gk; Nl;lg;gl;lJ.
mwpKfg;gLj;jgl;lJ. v!;.Mh;.I (SRI) rhFgo
Kiw 'jpUe;jpa bey; rhFgo' vd;w bgaUld;
,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 bey; rhFgo Kiw
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gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,k;Kiwapd; gyd;fis ,jw; F fhuz'] f s; gy ,Ue; j hYk; /
czh;e;j jkpHf muR fle;j 2007 Mk; Mz;L rhFgof;fhd ePh; gw;whf;Fiw xU Kf;fpa
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epjpa[jtpa[ld; eilKiwg;gLj;jj; jpl;;l';fs; vf;lUf;F 4.5 ld; vd;w mstpy; cs;sJ.
tFf; f g] g l; l nghJ khz; g [ k pF jkpHf ehl;od; ruhrhp cw;gj;jpj; jpwid tpl ,J
Kjyikr;rh; mth;fshy; 'brk;ik bey; rhFgo' mjpfbkd;whYk;/ cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; nkYk;
vdg] bgahplg;gl;lJ. fle;j \d;W Mz;Lfspy; mjpfhpf;f ntz;oaJ mtrpakhFk;. ,jw;F
brk;ik bey; rhFgo Kiw bey; rhFgo g[ j pa bjhHpy; El; g '; f isf; filg; g pof; f
cHth; f spilna xU kWkyh; r ; r papid ntz;oaJ mtrpakhFk;.
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nfhtpiyf; fl; o Koj; J 1000 Mz; L ePhpy; bey; rhFgo bra;a[k; tHpKiwfs; Ma;t[
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 4

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filg;gpof;fg; gLfpd;wd. itf;fhky; 2.5 br.kP cauj;jpw;F kl;Lk;
ehw; W jahhpj; j y; / eLjy; / fisf] ePiuf; f l; o kz; n ky; ePh; kiwe; j gpd;
fl; L g; g hL/ ePh; g ; g hrdk; nghd; w bghJ kWgoa[k; fl;Ljy;
tHpKiwfs; ,jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; xt;bthU G fisf; f Utpiaf; bfhz; L brofSf; F
Kiwa[ k ; Kw; w pYk; khWgl; l nfhzj; j py; ,ilna FWf;Fk; beLf;Fkhf 3-4 Kiw
filgpof;f ntz;oa[s;sJ. gad;gLj;Jjy;
,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 Kiwapy; ,aw;if
,e;j khWgl;l tHpKiwfisf; cu';fs; gad;gLj;JtJ kw;WbkhU
filgpog;gjhy; bey; bro tsUk; NH;epiy/ nfhl; g hlhFk; . ,aw; i f ntshz; i kapy;
Fwpg;ghf nth; tsUk; NH;epiy rhjfkhf tpUg; g Ks; s th; f s; ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000
khWfpwJ. nth;fs; ed;whf tsh;tjhy; bkhj;j rhFgoapy; ,aw; i f cu'; f is kl; L nk
gaph; tsh;r;rpa[k; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. tpijj; njit gad;gLj;jyhk;. kw;wth;fs; xU';fpize;j
fzprkhf FiwtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; ePh;j; Cl;lr;rj;J Kiwahd ,aw;if cu';fnshL
njita[k; FiwfpwJ. ntjp cu';fisg] gad;gLj;jyhk;.

,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 / eilKiw bey; rhFgo ntWghLfs;

eilKiw bey; rhFgo ,uh$uh$d; 1000

ehw;wpd; taJ 21 - 30 ehl;fs; 14 ehl;fs;
elt[ ,ilbtsp 15 x 10 br. kP / 20 x 10 br. kP 25 x 25 br. kP
ePh;g; ghrdk; 5 br. kP cauk; gha;r;rpa ePh; kz; 2.5 br.kP. ePh; fl;o/ rpW fPuy;
gug;gpypUe;J kiwe;j kWehs; btog;g[fs; njhd;wpa gpd;
kWgoa[k; ePh; fl;Ljy; kWKiw ePh; fl;Ljy;
(jz;LUSk; gUtk; tiu)gpd;
kz; fhahky; ePh; fl;Ljy;
fisf; fl;Lg;ghL fisf;bfhy;yp
+ ifapd; \yk; fis vLj;jy; fisf;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;Jjy;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 5

ehw;w';fhy; kPl;lh;) ehw;W nkilapy; jahhpf;fyhk;. 1 X 5 kP.
Fj;Jf;F xU ehw;W vd;gjhYk; mjpf mstpyhd 8 ehw;W nkilfis cUthf;fp
,ilbtspapy; eLtjhYk; / njitg; g Lk; xt;bthU 5 r. kP. nkilapYk; 375 fpuhk; (Kis
ehw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if fzprkhf fl;Lk; Kd; vil) tpijia Kisf;fl;oa gpd;
FiwfpwJ. ,r; rhFgo Kiwf;F njitg;gLk; gutyhf tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.
ehw;Wfspd; vz;zpf;if xU vf;lUf;F 16/000 G ehw;W nkilia tpijg;gjw;F 10
Kjy; 25/000 tiuahFk;. Mdhy; eilKiw ehl;fSf;F Kd; jahhpf;f Koe;jhy; ed;F
rhFgoapy; 1/50/000 Kjy; 2/00/000 tiu kf;fpa bjhG cuj;ij tHf;fkhd mst[
njitg;gLfpwJ. vdnt ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000f;F ,lyhk;.
njitahd ehw;W eilKiwia tpl 90 G tpijj; j gpd; bjd; i d Xiyfisf]
rjtPjk; FiwthFk;. ,jdhy; njitg;gLk; bfhz;L nkilfis \otpl;L \d;whk;
tpija[k; 90 rjtPjk; FiwtnjhL ehw;w';fhy; ehs; fHpj;J vLj;J tplyhk;.
gug;g[k; fzprkhff] FiwfpwJ. G ehw;Wnkil kz; tskhdjhf ,Ue;jhy;
nkYuk; ,lj;njitapy;iy. tpijj;j xU
ehw;W nkil
thuj;jpw;F gpd; ehw;W tsh;r;rp Fiwthf
,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy; gjp\d;W ,Ue;jhy; 0.5 tpGf;fhL a[{hpah fiuriy (50
Kjy; gjpide;J ehs; taJila ehw;Wf;fisg] fpuhk; a[{hpahit 10 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fiuf;f
gad;gLj;j ntz;oa[s;sJ. ,jw;fhf ntz;Lk;) g[{thsp bfhz;L bjspf;fyhk;.
ehw;w';fhiy me;je;j kz; R{H;epiyf;nfw;g
G g[{thsp bfhz;nlh Rw;wpa[s;s gs;s';fspy;
cUthf; f yhk; . ehw; W f; f s; ehw; W nkil
ePh; gha;r;rpnah njitf;nfw;g ePh;
apypUe;J kpff; FWfpa ,lbtspapy; elt[
nkyhz;ik nkw;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
taYf;F vLj;Jr; bry;yg;gl;L elg;glntz;Lk;
vd; g J ftdj; j py; bfhs; s g; g l ntz; L k; .
mjw;nfw;wthW elt[ taypd; mUfpnyh
my;yJ elt[ taypd; Xuj;jpnyh ehw;W
nkilia mikf; f ntz; L k; . Xt; b thU
ehw;Wk; ed;F tsu tpij msitf] Fiwj;J
ehw;WfSf;fpilna ,ilbtsp ,Uf;FkhW

elt[
,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy; Kd;g[ 20
x 20 br.kP my;yJ 22.5 x 22.5 br.kP ,ilbtsp
ghpe;Jiur; bra;ag;gl;lJ. jw;nghJ 25 x 25 br.kP
ghpe;Jiur; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. xU Fj;Jf;F 2-3
tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. Vf;fUf;F 3 fpnyh tpij ehw;Wf;fs; elntz;Lbkd;gJ jw;nghJs;s
kl;Lk; njitbad;gjhy; xU Vf;fh; elt[f;Fj; ghpe;JiuahFk;. Mdhy; bgUk;ghYk; Fj;Jf;F
njitahd ehw;Wf;fis xU brd;l; (40 rJu 4-6 ehw;Wf;fs;/ my;yJ rpy rkak; mijtpl

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 6

 FWf;Fk; beLf;Fkhf ,af;Ftjw;fhfj;jhd;
rJu elt[ Kiwg; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. fisf;
fUtpiag; gad; g Lj; J tjpdhy; j hd; mjpf
tpisr;ry; fpilf;fpwJ. mjw;fhf rJu elt[
bra;tJ mtrpak;. ,k;Kiw gHf;fkhfp tpl;lhy;
rpukhfj; njhd;whJ. elntz;oa ehw;Wf;fspd;
vz; z pf; i f Fiwthf ,Ug; g jhy; ,e; j
rpukj; i jg] bghUl; g Lj; j f; TlhJ. fUtp
Vw;gLj;Jk; FWf;Fk; beLf;Fkhd thpirfs;
btl; L k; ,l'; f spy; xU ehw; i w nkyhf
mjpfkhf elg;gLfpd;wd. ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 elntz;Lk;.
rhFgoapy; Fj; J f; F xU ehw; W jhd; Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik
elg;glntz;Lk;. elt[ tay; ed;whf rkd;
bra;ag;gl;oUe;jhy; vy;yh ehw;WfSk; ed;whf ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy;
bray;gLk;. ePh; nj';Fk; ,l';fspy; elg;gLk; xU';fpize;j cueph;thfj;ijf; filgpog;gJ
ehw;Wf;fs; mGfpg;nghf tha;g;g[z;L. rhpahf
rkd; bra;ahj taypy; el Kw;gl;lhy; Fj;Jf;F
,uz;L ehw;Wfis elyhk;.
ehw; W f; f is MHkhf elf; T lhJ.
taJ Fiwe;j ehw;Wfis tHf;fk; nghy;
el;lhy; ehw;wpd; fPH;g;gFjp kz;zpy; g[ije;J
tpLk;. Mfnt nkyhf eLtJ mtrpakhFk;.
MHkhf el;lhy; jz;oYs;s J}h;btof;Fk; fq
g[ije;J mjw;Fnky; cs;s fqtpy;jhd;
J}h; f s; btof; F k; . ,jdhy; J}h; f spd;
vz;zpf;if Fiwa[k;.
mtrpakhFk; . Koe; j mst[ f ; F ,aw; i f
fisf;fUtpiar] brofSf;fpilna cu'; f s; kw; W k; caph; cu'; f is/ ntjp
cu';fnshL gad;gLj;JtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
gapUf; F j; njitg; g Lk; fhyfl; l '; f spy;
mtw;iwg; gphpj;J ,LtJ xU';fpize;j
cueph;thfkhFk;.
ePh;g; ghrd trjp cs;s cHth;fs/; bey;
eLk; taypy; rzg;ig/ jf;ifg; g{z;L/ rPik/
mfj;jp nghd;w gRe;jhs; cug; gaph;fis 40
ehl;fs; tsh;j;J klf;fp cGjhy; Vf;fUf;F 8
ld; tiu gRe;jhs; ,l tha;g;g[s;sJ. ,uh$
,uh$d; 1000 rhFgo gapUf; b fd; W jdp
Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik ,d;Dk; cUthf;fg;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 7

gltpy;iy. eilKiw rhFgof;F bra;ag;gLk; ,Ue;jhy; fisfs; kz;Lk; vd;w ftiy tu
ghpe;Jiufisna nkw;bfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; t h a ; g ; g [ s ; s J . f i s f ] ; f U t p i a gj; J
Koe; j mst[ f ; F ,aw; i f cu'; f isg; ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw gad;gLj;jpdhy; fisf;
gad;gLj;JtJ ey;y gyidj;jUk;. ftiy ,y;iy.
Vbdd;why;/ ,e;j Kiwapy; kz; mof;fo
fisf; fUtpahy; fpswg;gLtjhy; Ez;qaph; fisf;fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;
fspd; ; bray; g hLk; / Cl; l r; rj; J fspd; ; G ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy;
fpilf;ifa[k; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xnu fisf;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;JtJ
mst[ cukpLk;nghJ/ ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 ,d; w paikahj xd; w hFk; . ,J bey;
rhFgoapy; gaph; mjpf mst[ Cl;lr; rhFgoapy; xU g[ u l; r pahFk; . FWf; F k;
rj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. beLf;Fk; thpirahf brofs; ,Ug;gjhy;
thpirf; f pilna fisf; fUtpfisg;
ePh; nkyhz;ik
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
bey;/ ePh; nj';fpapUe;jhYk; tsuf;
G ,uz;L tifahd fisf;fUtpfs; jw;nghJ
Toa gaph;jhd.; Mdhy; ePh;thH; jhtuky;y. ePh;;
gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd. nuhl;lhp tPlh; vd;w
nj';fpdhYk; tsuf;Toa jd;ik ,Ug;gjhYk;/
gw; f Sld; ,Uf; F k; xU rf; f uj; i jf;
fisfisf] fl;Lg;gLj;jt[k;jhd; bey; tay;
bfhz;l fUtp ,nyrhdJ (Rkhh; 2 fpnyh)/
fspy; ePh; njf; f p itf; f g; g LfpwJ. kiH
bgz;fSk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. nfhndh tPlh;
fhy';fspy; ePh; nj';Fk; ,l';fspy; bey;jhd;
vd;gJ Rkhh; 7 fpnyh vila[ld; ,uz;L
rpwe;j gaph;.
Tk;g[ totkhf gw;fSld; ,Uf;Fk;. ,ij
jkpHfj; j py; ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 Mz;fs; kl;Lk; jhd; ,af;f Koa[k;.
rhFgof;fhd ePh; nkyhz;ik tiuaWf;fg;
G fisf;fUtpfisg] gytifahf khw;wp
gl;Ls;sJ. el;ljpypUe;J jz;L cUSk; gUtk;
aikf;ft[k; nkhl;lhh; bghUj;Jtjw;Fk;
tiu 2.5 br.kP. cauj;jpw;F ePiuf;fl;o gpd; mJ
Kaw;rpfs; nkw;bfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. gy
toe;J nyrhd fPwy; btog;g[fs; njhd;wpat[ld;
cHth; f s; ,jpy; kpFe; j Mh; t j; J ld;
kWgoa[ k ; 2.5 br.kP cauj; j pw; F ePiug;
<Lgl;Ls;sdh;.
gha; r ; R jy; ntz; L k; . fPwy; btog; g [ f s;
vd;wt[ld; kz; fha;e;j epiy vd;W vz;zp
tplf;TlhJ. ,e;j epiyapYk; kz;zpy; <uk;
,Uf;Fk;. ,e;jg; ghrd Kiwahy; Rkhh; 40
rjtPj ePh; Fiwthfr; brythFk;. ,e;j ePh;
nrkpg;gpdhy; tpisr;rypy; ,Hg;g[ Vw;glhJ.

fha;r;rYk;/ gha;r;rYk; nghd;w ,e;j

ePh;g;ghrd Kiwahy; kz;zpy; fhw;nwhl;lk;
,Uf;Fk;. ePh; nj';fp ,Uf;Fk; kz;zpy;
gpuhztha[ Fiwe;J nth;fspd; gzpfs;
ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ve;j kz;zpy; fhw;nwhl;lk;
,Ue;J bfhz;oUf; fpwnjh m';nf nth;fspd;
gzpa[ k /; Ez; q aph; f spd; bray; g hLk;
ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;. fha;r;rYk; gha;r;rYk;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 8

G ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy; fisf;
bfhy;ypfs] ghpe;Jiu bra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. tÊ fh£L« âU¡Ftis
G fisf; fUtpiag; gad;gLj;j nkyhf ePh; ehif khtl;lk;/ jpUf;Ftis/ KG
,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;. fpuhknk ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgo
Kiwiaf; filgpof; F k; epiyf; F
G fisf;fUtp gad;gLj;jpag] gpd; tpLgLk;
khwpa[s]sJ.
fisfisf] ifahy; vLj; J tpLtJ
mtrpakhFk;. ,y;yhtpoy; J}h; btog;gJ
G mjpf fjph;fSk;/ xt;bthU fjphpYk; mjpf
Fiwa[k;.
kzpfSk; ,Uf; F k; . bey; kzpfs;
G fisf;fUtpahy; fpswp tplg;gLk; kz; jpul; r pahft[ k ; ,Uf; F k; . gjh; f s;
brofspd; moa[ukhf mizf;fg;gl Fiwthft[k; ,Uf;Fk;.
tha;g;g[s;sJ. ,jdhy; g[jpa nth;fs; gaphpl;l cHth;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; rpy....
cz;lhfp ed;ik jUfpd;wd.
G ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgof;F rpf;fd bey;
tpist[fs; rhFgo vdyhk;. xU Vf;fh; rhFgof;F
nrkpf;fg;gLk; bey; tpij xU FLk;gj;jpd;
,staJ xw; i w ehw; i w mjpf
xU khj rhg;ghl;ow;F cjt[k;.
,ilbtspapy; rJu elt[ bra;J rpf;fd ePh;g]
G vypj;bjhy;iy ,y;iy.
ghrdj; j py; fisf; f Utpiag; gad; g Lj; J
tjhy; bew;gaph; tsUk; NH;epiyg] bghpJk; G jhdpa']fp fisf;fUtp kpft[k; mtrpak;.
khw;w kilfpwJ. G flnyhu fsh; cth; kz;zpYk; rpwg;ghf
cs;sJ. 7.5 ld; tpisr;ry; fpilj;jJ.
G ,s ehw;iw eLtjhy; rLjpapy; epiy
G mjpf gug;gstpy; (40 Kjy; 100 Vf;fh; tiu)
bfhz;L/ elt[ mjph;r;rp ,y;yhky; tsuj;
bjhl';FfpwJ. ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgo bra; a [ k ;
cHth;fs; cs;sdh;.
G nth;fspd; tsh;r;rp mjpfkhfpwJ. gad;fs;
G mjpf J}h;fs; btof;fpd;wd. G ehw;w';fhy; gug;g[ 800 rJukPl;lhpypUe;J 100
rJukPl;luhf FiwfpwJ (xU vf;lh; elt[
G Cl; l r; r j; J f; f s; mjpfkhf fpufpf; f g;
bra;a)
gLfpd;wd.
G tpij mst[ 30-60 fpnyhtpypUe;J 7.5
G ,iyfs; mWtil tiu gRikahf fpnyhthf FiwfpwJ
, G ehw;w';fhy; guhkhpg;g[ 21-30 ehl;fspypUe;J
Ug; g jhy; Nhpa xspr; n rh; f ; i ff] 14 ehl;fshff; FiwfpwJ
filrptiu ed;whf ,Uf;fpwJ.
G ehw; w '; f hy; g{r; r pj; bjhy; i yfs;
G bts;is epw nth;fs; (rhpahd gzpiar; Fiwthfpd;wd
bra; a f; Toait) bjhlh; e ; J ,Ue; J G ehw;w';fhy; bryt[ 68 tpGf;fhL FiwfpwJ
tUfpd;wd. rhjhuzkhf jz;L cUSk; G fis vLg;gjw;fhd Ml;fs; 50 tpGf;fhL
gUtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; nth;fs; gGg;g[ epwkhf Fiwfpd;wdh;
khwptpLk;.
G ghrd ePh; cgnahfk; 40 tpGf; f hL
G brofSf;F rhahj jd;ik mjpfhpf;fpwJ. FiwthfpwJ
G jhdpa kfNy; ruhrhpahf vf;lUf;F 1500

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 9

 fpnyh mjpfhpf;fpwJ ehw;w';fhy;/ elt[/ fisf; fUtp
gad;gLj;Jjy;/ ePh; nkyhz;ik Mfpait
G itf;nfhy; tpisr;ry; vf;lUf;F 2620 bghWg;g[ld; bra;ag;glntz;Lk;. mof;fo
fpnyh mjpfhpf;fpwJ. taYf;F bry;y ntz;otUk;. ,J rpukkhf
,lh;ghLfs; rpy... ,Ug; g th; f Sf; F ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000
rhFgo bjhe;juthf ,Uf;fyhk;.
G khw;w';fs; bghJthf vjpYk; cldoahf
Vw; W f; bfhs; s g; g Ltjpy; i y. fhyk; ,uh$,uh$d; 1000 btw;wpf;fij
fhykhf bey; rhFgo bra;gth;fsplk/; cyf t']fpapd; epjp cjtpa[ld; jkpHf
vf;lUf;F 7.5 fpnyh tpij bey; nghJk;/ xU murhy; bray;gLj;jg;gLk; ePh;ts epytsj;
rJukPl; l Uf; F 16 Fj; J f; f s; nghJk; / jpl;lj;jpy; ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 bey; rhFgo
Fj;Jf;F xU ehw;W nghJk;/ fisbaLf;f Kf;fpa m']fkhf tps']FfpwJ. jkpH;ehL
fUtpia gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ePiuj; ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jhy; ,j;jpl;lk;
njf; f p itf; f ntz; o ajpy; i y vd; W vl;L ePh; tog;gFjpfspy; bray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
brhd;dhy; ek;g[tJ rpukkhf ,Uf;Fk;. njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l cHth;fSf;F gapw;rpa[k;
G ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoiag; khdpaKk; tH']fg;gl;ld. ePu;ts epytsj;
bghUj;jtiu ,jpy; filgpof;f ntz;oa jpl; l j; j pd; \yk; jkpH; e hL ntshz; i k
Kiwfisg; gw;wpa bray; tpsf;f';fs;/ gy;fiyf;fHfk; ,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgo
gapw; r pfs; Kf; f pak; . xUKiw bra; J bkhj;jk; 12/305 vf;lhpy; bray;gLj;jg;gl;L
ghh;j;jhy;jhd; ed;ikfSk;/ ,lh;ghLfSk; bkhj;jk; 11/469 cHth;fs; ,j;bjhHpy; El;gj;
bjhpa[ k ; . mjpf tpisr; r iya[ k ; jply;fspd; \yk; gadile;Js;sdh;. ,uh$
,yhgj;ija[k; czh;e;J bfhz;lt[ld; ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy; bey; tpisr;ry;
,e;j rhFgo Kiw kPJ ek;gpf;if tsUk;. ruhrhpahf 34 tpGf;fhL eilKiw rhFgoia
,uz;L \d;W Kiw gHfptpl;lhy; bra;a tpl mjpfk; fpilj;Js;sJ. nkYk; mjpfgl;r
ntzo ; a Kiwfisg; gww ; p bjspt[ fpilfF
; k.; tpisr; r yhf xU vf; l Uf; F 9740 fpnyh
G fisf; f Utpia gad; g Lj; J tJ ,uh$
,uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy;
,d;wpaikahjJ MFk;.
mjw;nfw;whh;nghy; mjpf ,il
btspapy; xw;iw ehw;iwr] rJu
elt[ bra;J/ rpf;fd ePh;g;ghrdk;
bra;a ntz;Lk;. xg;ge;j Kiw
elths;fs; xj;JiHg;g[ mtrpak;.
G ,e; j Kiwapy; cs; s Ie; J
nfhl;ghLfspy; VjhtJ xd;iwf]
filgpof; f Koah tpl; l hYk;
kw;wtw;iwf] filgpog;gjhy; Tl
TLjy; tpisr;riyg; bgw
Koa[k;.
G rhjhuz bey; rhFgoia tpl
,uh$ ,uh$d; 1000 rhFgo
Kiwapy; mjpf ftdk; njit.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 10

 fha;fwpg; gaph;fs; midj;Jk; gh!;gu!;/ fe;jfk;/ nrhoak;/ caph]r]rj;J 'V' / 'rp'
,aw;ifapd; tug;gpurhjkhFk;. ,it/ cztpy; rj;Jf;fSk; cs;sd.
cs;s midj;Jr] rj;Jf;fs;/ itl;lkpd;fs;/ gPd;!; ,uf';fs; : rpy....
jhJf;fspd; MjhukhFk;. gPd;!;/ mtiuf;
FLk; g j; j py; xU Kf; f pakhd fha; f wpg; gphpkpah; / fz; b lz; l h; / thf; l f; ! ; /
gapuhFk;. gPd;!; tiffs; Fj;J brofshft[k;/ g{rhghh;tjp/ lhg;fpuhg;/ Vw;fhL 1/ bryf;rd; 7
bfhofshft[k; tsUk; jd;ik bfhz;lit. Kjypad Fj; J gPd; ! pd; Kf; f pa
,tw;wpd; tsh;r;rpj; jd;ikia itj;J Fj;J ,uf';fshFk;. bts;is/ fhf;fp KU';if
gPd;!;/ bfho gPd;!; my;yJ KU';if gPd;!; gPd;!;/ joad;Foir 1/ bfz;lf;fp xz;lh;
vd;W gphpf;fg;gLfpwd. nghd;wit KU';if my;yJ bfho gPd;!;
,uf';fshFk;.
fPH;g;gHdp kiy/ rpWkiy/ nkfkiy/
nrh;tuhad; kiy/ fy;tuhad; kiyg; gFjpfs; rhFgo Kiwfs;
kpj btg;g kz;lyg; gFjpfshFk;. ,e;j kpj Fj;J/ KU';if gPd;!; gaphpLtjw;F
btg;g kz;ly gFjpfspy; gPd;!; tiffs; xU tofhy; trjpa[ld; cs;s FWkz; epiwe;j
rpwe;j tpahghug; gapuhfg] gaphplg;gLfpwd. fhl;L kz; Vw;wJ. kz;zpy; fhu mkpyj; jd;ik
xt; b thU thuKk; fha; f is mWtil MW g[s;spfs; cs;s epy';fs; rhFgof;F
bra; t jd; \yk; xU epiyahd tUtha; kpft[k; Vw;wjhFk;. bghJthf ,g;gaph; tiffs;
fpilg;gjhy; rpW/ FW cHth]fs; ,g;gaph;fis kiyg; gFjpapy; rhFgo bra;a ey;y Fsph;
Mh;tkhf rhFgo bra;fpwhh;fs;. E}W fpuhk; epyt ntz;Lk;. btg;gepiy 15 Kjy; 25 ofphp
rhg;gplf; Toa gPd;!; fha;fspy; 91 fpuhk; brd;ofpnuL vd;w mstpy; ,Ue;jhy; gaph;fspd;
ePh]]r]rj;Jk;/ 2 fpuhk; g[ujKk;/ 1.8 fpuhk; ehh]r] tsh;r;rpf;F kpft[k; cfe;jJ.
rj;Jk;/ 1 fpuhk; jhJ cg;g[f;fSk;/ kht[g;
bghUl;fSk; ml';fpa[s;sd. nkYk;/ ,tw;wpy; khh]r] - nk gUtk; kpft[k; rpwe;jJ.
Mdhy; $%d; Kjy; etk;gh] kw;Wk; tUlk;
KGtJk; rhFgo
bra;ayhk;. Fj;J
gPd; ! ; vf; l Uf; F 75
fpnyh tpija[k;/
KU'; i f my; y J
bfho gPd;!; vf;lUf;F
65 fpnyh tpija[k;
njitg;gLk;.

"ÃðD' ïVFÂzD...
¬[ü ÄVzý ...
Kidth; K. Mde;jd;
Kidth; k. fz;zd; njhl;lf;fiy Muha;r;rp epiyak;
joad;Foir

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 11

 tpij \yk; gut[ k ; neha; f isf; ,iyr; R Ul; L g; g [ G Mfpa g{r; r pfs; jhf; F
fl;Lg;gLj;j tpijg;gjw;F Kd; xU fpnyh fpd;wd. mtw;Wf;fhd gaph;g; ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfs;
tpijf;F 4 fpuhk; ijnuhk; my;yJ 2 fpuhk; gpd;tUkhW :
bgtp!; o d; g{rzf; bfhy; y piaf; fye; J gaph]g] ghJfhg;g[
tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. gPd;!; mRtpzp
epyj;ij ed;F cGJ/ filrp cHtpy; ,sk; / tsh; e ; j g{r; r pfs; Tl; l k;
vf;lUf;F 50 tz;o bjhG cuk; (25 ld;) ,l;L/ Tl;lkhf ,sk; brofspd; FUj;Jg; gFjpfs;/
rhpahd mstpy; ghj;jpfs; mikf;f ntz;Lk;. jz;Lg; gFjpfs;/ ,iyfs;/ g{f;fs;/ fha;fspy;
mjpfkhd rhpt[s;s epy';fspy; rhptpd; FWf;nf bjhlh;e;J rhw;iw cwp";rp cz;gjhy; brofs;
1 ½ mo ,ilbtspapy; ghh] f s; mikf; f tsh;r;rp Fd;wp tho koe;JtpLk;.
ntz:Lk;.
nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; :
bjhG vU ,l;L ed;whf gz;gLj;jg;gl;l
Ø jhf;fg;gl;l ,iyfs;/ g{f;fs;/ fha;fisg]
epyj;jpy; rhpt[f;F FWf;fhf 45 br.kP ,il
g{r;rpfSld; nrfhpj;J mHpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.
btspapy; ghh;fs; mikj;J fiu Xu';fspy; 30
br.kP ,ilbtspapy; Fj;J gPd;!; tpijfis Ø rhk;gy;/ khl;Lr; rhzj;jpd; Jfs;fis
Cd;w ntz;Lk;. bfho gPd;!; tpijfis mjpfhiyapy; J}t[tjd; \yKk; fl;Lg;
,ul;il thpir Kiwapy; Cd;w ntz:Lk;. ,U gLj;jyhk;.
,ul; i l thpirfSf; F eLtpy; 75 br.kP
,ilbtspa[k;/ brof;F bro 15 br.kP ,il Ø ntg;g';bfhl;ilr]rhW 5 tpGf;fhL my;yJ
btspa[k; ,U thpirfSf;F ,ilapy; 30 br.kP ilbkj; n jhnal; my; y J kPj; i jy;
,ilbtspa[k; njit. blkl;lhd; my;yJ ghrnyhd; kUe;jpid 1
ypl;lh; jz;zPUf;F 2 kp.yp. mst[ fye;J
epyk; jahh; bra;a[k; nghJ moa[ukhf bjspf;ft[k;.
tpijf; F k; Kd; g [ 90 fpnyh jiHr; r j; J /
gPd;!; g[s;sp tz;L
kzpr;rj;J/ rhk;gy; rj;J Mfpatw;iw ,l
ntz;Lk;. gpd;g[ nkYukhf tpijj;j ,UgjhtJ ,g; g{r;rpapd; g[Gf;fSk;/ tz;LfSk;
ehspy; vf;lUf;F 250 fpnyh a{hpah/ 200 fpnyh ,iyapd; ,U gug;gpYk; ,Ue;J bfhz;L/
Khpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#; Mfpatw;iw ed;F gr;iraj;ijr] Ruz;o cz;L nrjk; tpis
fye;J ,l ntz;Lk;. cuk; ,l;lt[ld; ePh;g; tpf;Fk;. mjpfk; jhf;fg;gl;l ,iyfs; gGg;g[
gha;r;Rjy; mtrpakhdJ. epwkhf khwp fha;e;J tpLtnjhL tpisr;
riya[k; ghjpf;Fk;.
tpij Cd;wpa 20 Kjy; 25 ehl;fspy; xU
Kiwa[k;/ 40-45 Mk; ehs; fHpj;J kW Kiwa[k; nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; :
fis vLj;J kz;iz mizf;f ntz;Lk;. 20 -
30 ehl;fspy; bfho tsu Fr;rpfs; itj;J Ø Kl;ilf; Ftpay;fisa[k;/ g[G/ Tl;Lg; g[G/
brofs; Vw;wp glutpl ntz;Lk;. kiH ,y;yhj tsh;e;j tz;Lfisa[k; ,iya[ld; ePf;fp
gUt';fspy; kz;zpd; jd;ikf;F Vw;wthW 7-10 mHpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.
ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw ePh]g] gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.
Ø fhh]ghpy; 50 rj eida[k; J}s; 2 fpuhk;
gPd;i! jhf;Fk; g{r;rpfs;... my;yJ vz;nlhry;ghd; 2 kp.ypia xU
ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspj;J fl;Lg;
gPd;i! mRtpzp/ g[s;sp tz;L/
gLj;jyhk;.
fha;g;g[G/ jz;Lj; Jisg;ghd;/ ehtha; g{r;rp/

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 12

 rhk;gy; epwf; Tz;tz;L
,g; g{r;rpapd; g[Gf;fs; broapd; nth;g;
gFjpiaa[k;/ tz;Lfs] ,iyfisj; Jisj;
Jk;/ jpRf;fis cz;Lk; nrjk; tpistpf;Fk;.
nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; :
Ø vz;nlhry;ghd; 2 kp.ypia 1 ypl;lh;
jz;zPhpy; fye;J brofs; kPJ bjspg;gjd;
\yk; tz;Lfisa[k;/ fhh;nghgpa{uhd; 3$p
gPd;!; g[s;sp fha;g;g[G vd;w FUiz kUe;ij Vf;fUf;F 5 fpnyh
fha; g ; g [ G tpd; g[ G f; f s; gPd; ! ; vd;w mstpy; ,l;L
gaphpd; g{f;fis bky;ypa gl;LE}y; nghd;w tz;od; g[Gf;fis
E}yhk; gilapdhy; xd;whfg; gpd;dpg] a[k; mHpf;fyhk;.
gpizj; J / me; j f; Tl; o Ds; ,Ue; J ehtha;g] g{r]rp
bfhz;nl g{f;fspd; ghf';fisf] foj;J ,sk; g{r; r pfSk; /
cz;qk;. g[Gf;fs; fha;fisj; Jisj;J tsh; e ; j g{r; r pfSk;
cs;spUf;Fk; tpijfis cz;L nrjk; ,iyfspd; mog;
tpistpf;Fk;. gug; g py; mkh] e ; J
bfhz;L rhw;iw
nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; :
cwp";Rtjhy; jj;Jg; g{r;rp vhpg;g[ mwpFwpfisj;
Ø tsh;e;j g[Gf;fisa[k;/ jhf;fg;gl;l fha; njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.
fisa[k; nrfhpj;J mHpf;f ntz;Lk;. nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; :
Ø Vf;fUf;F Ie;J vd;w mstpy; tpsf;Fg; Ø g{r;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ilbkj;njhnal;
bghwpfis itj;J jha; me;Jg; g{r;rpfisf] my; y J kPj; i jy; blkl; l hd; my; y J
fth;e;J mHpf;f ntz:Lk;. ghrnyhd; vd; w kUe; j pid 1 ypl; l h;
jz;zPUf;F 2 kpy;yp mst[ fye;J bjspf;
Ø g{/ fha;g; gpof;Fk; jUzj;jpy; njitf;F ft[k;. g{r;rp kUe;J bjspj;j xU thuk;
Vw;g vz;nlhry;ghd; (2kp.yp. / ypl;lh;) fHpj;J fha;fisg; gwpf;f ntz;Lk;.
my;yJ ,z;lhf;!hfhh;g; (1kp.yp. / ypl;lh;)
,iyr;RUl;Lg] g[G
my;yJ nkhndhFnuhl;lhgh!; (2kp.yp. /
ypl;lh;) bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ,g; g[ G f; f s; ,iyfis E}ypiy
bfh©L gpizj;J/ ,iy kog;gpd; cs;ns
jz;Lj; Jisg;ghd; : ,UªJ bfh©L gr; i raj; i j¢ Ru©o
,g; g{r;rpapd; Ez;zpa g[Gf;fs; cz;qk;. ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,iyfs; fha;e;JtpLk;.
broapd; jz; i lj; Jisj; J cl; b rd; W mjpf mst[ jhf;FjYf;Fs;shd gaph]fs;
jpRf;fis cz;qk;. ,jdhy; brofs; tho gpd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wpf; fhzg;gLk;. ,jd; jhf;Fjy;
,we;JtpLk;. g{fF
; k; gUtj;jpy;
nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; : mâ fkhdhš
Éis¢rš
Ø vz;nlhry;ghd; 2 kp.yp. my;yJ fhh;ghpy; 2 bghpJk; ghjpf;
fpuhk; kUe;jpid 1 ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fye;J fg;gLk;.
jz;L/ brofs; ed;F eida[k;go bjspf;
ft[k;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 13

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs] ,iyg;g[s;sp neha; :
Ø mst[f;F mjpfkhf jiHr;rj]ijg; gad; ,jd; mwpFwpfs; ,iyfspd; nky; ePh;
gLj;Jtijj; jtph;j;J ghpe;Jiur] bra;ag; gl;l gFjpfshf¤ njhd;¿ ÉiuÉy; mit
gl;l jiHr;rj;jpid ,l ntz;Lk;. brk;gG¥ò Ãwkhf khWk;. gpd;g[ ,iy¥ g[s;sp
Ø Vf; f Uf; F Ie; J tpsf; F g; bghwpfis fspd; eLg;gFjp cjph;e;J ,iyfs; Jis
mikj; J me; J g; g{r; r pfisf] fth; e ; J fSld; fhzg;gLk;. ,e;nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j/
mHpf;fyhk;. neha; jhf;fg;gl;l ,iy/ bro/ fha;fis
mfw;wt[k;/ bgtp!;od; 1 fpuhk; / ypl; lh; my;yJ
Ø g{r;rpf; bfhy;ypfshd ntk;g[ tpijr;rhW 5
ilj;njd; vk;
tpGf;fhL my;yJ fhh;ghpy; 50 rjk; eida[k;
45/ 2 fpuhk; / 1
J}s; xU fpnyh my; y J nkhndhF
ypl;lh; ePhpy;
nuhl;lhgh!; 36 lgps;a{.v!;.rp. 400 kp.yp.
f y ª J
my;yJ g[ugndhgh!: 50 <.rp. 400 kp.yp.
bjspf;ft[k;.
my;yJ ilFnshh;th!; 76 lgps;a{.v!;.rp
100kp.yp. my;yJ ,d;lhf;n!hfhh;g; 15 <.rp 80 thly; neha; :
kp.yp. my;yJ gpg;nuhdpy; 5 v!;.rp. 40 kp.yp.
,jd; mwp
Mfpatw;wpy; VnjDk; xd;iw xU Vf;fhpy;
Fwpfs; ,sk;
bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
brofSk;/ tsh;e;j brofSk; jpObud;W thlj;
gPd;!;f;F vd;d neha;fs; tUk;... Jt';Fk;. gpd; ,iyfs; k";rs; epwkhf khwp/
fha; e ; J tpLk; . bjhlh; e ; J broapd; rpy
gPd;!;f;F JUneha;/ rhk;gy; neha;/ fpisfnsh my;yJ bro KGtJnkh fha;e;J
,iygg ; s
[ s
; p/ thly/; njky; nehaf
; s; tUtjw;F koe;JtpLk;. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j xU fpnyh
tha;g;g[z;L. tpijf;F 2 fpuhk; fhh;gd;lhrpk; vd;w kUe;jpy;
tpij neh;j;jp bra;tjd; \yKk;/ 2.5 fpuhk;
JUneha; : fhg;gh; Mf;rp FnshiuL kUe;ij 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy;
fiuj; J broapd;
,e; neha; tpij/ fha; \yk; gut[fpwJ. J}h; g hfj; j py; ed; F
,e; neha; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,iyfs; fUk; gGg;g[ eida[k;go Cw;wpa[k;
epwkhft[k;/ bfho Edp fUfpa[k;/ fha;fspy; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
g[s;spfSk; njhd;Wk;. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
fe;jfJ}is Vf;fUf;F 3 fpnyh J}t ntz;Lk;. njky; neha; :
Kjypy; ,iy
rhk;gy; neha; : apd; nky;gug;gpy; rpwpa
tot k"; r s; epwg;
fhw;W \yk; gut[k; ,e;neha; jhf;fpa
g[ s ; s pfs; njhd;Wk;/
,iyfspd; nky;ghfj;jpy; bts;isahd
gpd; ,g;g[s;spfs; tphp
bghoiaj; J}tpaJ nghd; W fhzg; g Lk; .
tile;J / k";rSk;/
brofs; tsUk; gUtj;jpy; ,e;neha;
gr;irík; khwp khwp xG';fw;w totpy; gil
vg;bghGJk; tuyhk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf fha;fs;
Kw;whky; gp";rpnyna RU';fp tpLk;. ,jidf; fshfj; njhd;Wk;. gpd;dh; ,iyfs; KGtJk;
fl; L g; g Lj; j eida[ k ; fe; j fk; 2 fpuhk; k";rs; epwkhf khwp koe;JtpLk;. ,J er;Raphp
kUe;jpid 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J bjspf;ft[k;. neha;/ ,J bgkPrpah lghir vDk; bts;is
<f;fshy; gug;gg;gLfpwJ. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 14

neha; jhf;fpar] brofis clnd mHpf;f
ntz; L k; . ,e; n ehiag; gug; g [ k ; g{r; r piaf] g[";ir epyj;ij e";ir epykhf khw;WtJ
fl;Lg;gLj;jf] nkhndhFnuhl;lhgh!; 1 kp.yp. g[";ir epyj;jpy; 6" MH;FHha; fpzW
(nghh;bty;) mikj;J mjd; gf;fj;jpy;
my; y J Etf; u hd; 1.25 kp.yp. my; y J
jiukl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 20 mo cauj;jpw;F 2000
ypl;lh; bfhs;sst[ cs;s rpbkz;l; nky;epiy
jz;zPh; bjhl;o mikf;f ntz;Lk;. MH;FHha;
fpzw; w py; Mapy; ,"; r pd; \yk; fk; g urh;
nkhl;lhiu ,izj;J jz;zPiu nkny Vw;w
ntz;Lk;. g[";ir epyj;ij tay;fshf jLj;J
ehd; F tay; f Sf; F eLtpy; xU m'; F y
tpl;lKs;s gpsh!;of; FHhia tay;tug;gpd;
Xuj;jpy; 1 ½ mo MHj;jpy; gjpj;J ehd;F
tay;fSf;F eLtpy; taypd; nky; 1½ mo
cauj;jpw;F FHhia epWj;j ntz;Lk;. taiy
ed;whf cGJ ghh;nghlhky; fliy/ cSe;J/
ghrpgah;/ gUj;jp/ jf;fhsp/ fj;jhp/ kpsfha;/ ky;yp
nghd;w gaph;fis gaphpl ntz;Lk;. nkny Vw;wpa
jz;zPiu ehd;F tay;fSf;F eLtpy;
epWj;jg;gl;l FHhapy; ½ m';Fy ug;gh; FHhia
g[ugndhgh!; 2 kp.yp. kUe;ij 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; ,izj; J kWKidapy; kUe; J bjspf; F k;
fye;J bjspf;ft[k;. fk;gpia ,izf;f ntz;Lk;. khiy 5 kzpf;F
nky; nky;epiy bjhl;oapy; ,wf;fg;gl;l FHhapy;
mWtila[k; tpisr;rYk; cs;s nfl;thy;it jpwe;Jtpl;L gaphpd;nky;
kUe;J bjspg;gJ nghy; jz;zPiu bjspf;f
Fj;J gPd;!; tiffis 90 Kjy; 100 ntz;Lk;. khiyapy; jz;zPh; bjspj;jhy; jhd;
ehl;fspy; mWtil bra;ayhk;. xU Vf;fUf;F jz;zPh; fhahky; ,Uf]Fk;. gfypy; bjspj;jhy;
jz;zPh; 1 kzp neuj;jpy; fha;e;J tpLk;. ,g;go
bra;tjhy; ghh;nghl ntz;oaJ ,y;iy. jz;zPh;
gha; r ; R k; ntiy ,y; i y. taypy; jz; z Ph;
gha;r;rpdhy; 1000 ypl;lh; jz;zPh; bryt[ MFk;.
,e;j Kiwapy; jz;zPh; bjspj;jhy; 300 ypl;lh;
jz;zPh; jhd; bryt[ MFk;. Mapy; ,";rpd;
bghUj;Jtjhy; kpd;rhuk; njitapy;iy. ,jdhy;
jz;zPh; kpr;rk; ghh;nghl ntz;oaJ ,y;iy.
\d;W ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw jz;zPh; bjspj;jhy;
nghJk; . ,e; j e"; i rapy; fpHf; F nkw; f hf
tlg[wj;jpYk; bjd;g[wj;jpYk; 20 mof;F xU
bjd;d';fd;Wk; ,uz;L bjd;id ku';fSf;F
eLtpy; ,uz;L njf;F fd;WfSk; itj;J 5 mo
cauk; tsUk; tiu bjspg;ghd; \yk; jz;zPh;
gr;irf; fha;fshf 2000 fpnyht[k;/ tpijfshf bjspf; f t[ k ; . bjd; d '; f d; W fSk; njf; F
fd;WfSk; 5 mof;F nky; tsh;e;j gpd; brhl;L ePh;
800 fpnyht[k; tpisr;ryhff; fpilf;Fk;. ghrdk; \yk; jz; z Ph; t plyhk; . ,jdhy;
KU';if gPd;!; my;yJ bfho gPd;!; khdhthhp epykhd g[";ir epyj;ij e";irahf
khw;wpdhy; tUlj;jpw;F \d;W Kiw tUkhdk;
tiffisa[ k ; 90-100 ehl; f spy; mWtil
bgwyhk;.
bra;ayhk;. xU Vf;fUf;F gr;irf; fha;fshf A. gukrhkp
4000 fpnyh tpisr;ryhff] fpilf;Fk;. ej;jk; tl;lk; - 624 401
miyngrp vz;. : 9442669941

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 15

 ïJ òâJ : áwªj tUkhd« jU«
òâa gÆ® áW k¡fh¢ nrhs« ( nfh.ã.á.1)
Kidth; nfh. ey;yjk;gp
Kidth; fh. e.fnzrd;
rpWjhdpa nkk;ghL epiyak; Kidth; bg.tPugj;jpud;
gaph]g] bgUf]f kw;Wk] kugpay; ikak;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; -641 003

rp Wkf; f hr; nrhsk; (nggpfhh; d ; )

cldoahf ePf;;Ftjhy; kfue;jr; nrh;f]if
eilbgWtJ jLf; f g; g l; L bgz; (Nyff; )
nfh.gp.rp.1 ,ufk;/ 1998 Mk; Mz;L jkpH;ehL fjph;fs; kl;Lk; tsuj; bjhl';Fk;. ,s';
ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jhy; fjph;fspd] NypiH (1-3 br.kP) bjhpe;j clnd
rhFgof;fhf btspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kf;fhr; mWtil bra;J nkYiwia ePf;fp gr;irahfr;
nrhs ,ufk; cHth;fs; kj;jpapy; rhg;gplt[k;/ gy czt[ tiffs; jahh] bra;at[k;
Muk;gfhyj;jpy; ey;y tuntw;igg] bgw;W gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,s';fjph;fspd; mWtilia
rhFgo bra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ufk; fh;ehlfk;/ tpijj;j 50 Kjy; 65 ehl;fSf;Fs; Kotjhy;
Me;jpuh/ gPfhh;/ mrhk;/ nkw;F t';fhsk; nghd;w ,jDila gr;irj;jl;L xU rpwe;j jPtdkhf
khepyj;jpy; gutyhf rhFgo bra;ag;gl;lJ. gad; g LfpwJ. ,t; t if gr; i rj; j l; i lf]
fhyg; nghf;fpy; ,jDila Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijr] Fwpg; g hf ghy; f wf; F k; fhy; e ilfSf; F
rhpahf mwpahj fhuzj; j hYk; / gjdpLk] ,Ltjhy; Fwpg;gpl;l mst[ ghy; cw;gj;jp
bjhHpy; Tl';fs]/ Vw;Wkjp tha;g;g[fs] ,y;yhj mjpfhpf]fpwJ. nkYk]/ ,s';fjph;fspy; mjpf
fhuzj;jhYk; jkpH;ehl;oy; ,jd; rhFgo gug;g[ kht[r;rj;J (7.1 tpGf;fhL)/ ,dpg;g[ld; Toa
kpft[k; Fiwe;Js;sJ. g";rhg;/ Qhpahdh ey;y Rit (,dpg;g[r;rj;J 1.3 tpGf;fhL) kw;Wk;
nghd;w khepyj;jpy; ,t;tif kf;fhr; nrhs fha; f wpfSld; xg; g pLk; mst[ f ; F Cl; l r;
,uf';fSf;F jw;fhyj;jpy; ey;y tuntw]g[ rj;Jf;fs; kpFe;jJ. ,t;tif ,ufj;jpy; tpij
cs;sJ. nkYk;/ ,k; khepy';fspy; gjdpLk] cw;gj;jp bra;a ntz;Lkhdhy; Mz; g{f;fisr]
bjhHpy; Tl';fSk; Vw;Wkjp tha;g;g[fSk; broapypUe;J ePf;ff]TlhJ. kzpfs; Kw;wp
bgUfpajhYk;/ cHth;fs; kj;jpapy; xU rpwe;j KGtJk; tpijfs; Mtjw;F Fiwe;jJ 105
czt[g] bghUshf tsh;r;rp mile;Js;sJ. ehl;fs; MFk;. ,t;tiff] fjph;fspd; kzpfs;
neh; thpira[ld; rpwpa k";rs; epwj;ij
rpWkf;fhr; nrhsk;
cilait.
rpW kf; f hr] n rhsk; cz; q tjw; F
nfh.gp.rp.1 ,ufk;
fha;fwp (jpiz) nghd;W gad;gLk; xU kf;fhr;
nrhstif. brofspy; tpijj;j 50 ehspy;/ rpW kf;fhr;nrhs tif nfh.gp.rp.1/
xt;bthU fqf;fspYk; xU fjph; tPjk; ,uz;L a[.vk;.I. 836 tsh;g;g[ld; mjd; cwt[ Kiw
(m) \d; W fjph; f s; tiu cUthFk; . bfhz;l tsh;g;g[fs; a[.vk;.I.836-1/2 cld;
,r;broapd; cr]rpapy; njhd;Wk; Mz; g{f;fis nrh;j;J tifj; njh;t[ \yk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 16

gUtk;
,wit - Mz;L KGtJk; gaphplyhk;.
khdhthhp - Mog;gl;lk; (Nd;- Niy) g[ul;lhrpg;gl;lk; (brg; - mf;nlhgh;)
taJ
,s';fjph; - 50 -65 ehl;fs;
gr;irj;jl;L - 65 -70 ehl;fs;
tpij - 100 -105 ehl;fs;
tpijast[ - vf;lUf;F 25 fpnyh njit (tzpf gapUf;F).
,ilbtsp - ghUf;Fg; ghh; 1 ½ mo (45.br.kP) brof;Fr; bro – 10
m';Fyk; (25 br.kP)
cu mst[ - 150:60:40 fpnyh/vf;lh; (j:k:rh)

mo cuk;
bjhG cuk; (ld;/vf;lh;) - 12.5
jiHr;rj;J (fpnyh/ vf;lh;) - 78 (a{hpah 165 fpnyh)
kzpr;rj;J (fpnyh/vf;lh;) - 60 (Ng;gh; 375 fpnyh)
rhk;gy;rj;J (fpnyh/ vf;lh;) - 30 (Ka[hpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#; 33 fpnyh)
nkYuk;
jiHr;rj;J (fpnyh/ vf;lh;) tpijj;j 25 -Mk; ehs; - 75 (a{hpah 165 fpnyh)
rhk;gy;rj;J (fpnyh/ vf;lh;) tpijj;j 25 -Mk;; ehs; - 20 (Ka[hpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#; 33 fpnyh)
ePh;g;ghrdk;
KjyhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - tpijj;j cld;
,uz;lhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 4 - Mk; ehs;
Kd;whtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 15 - Mk; ehs;
ehd;fhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 25 - Mk; ehs;
Ie;jhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 35 - Mk; ehs;
MwhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 45 - Mk; ehs;
VHhtJ ePh;g;ghrdk; - 55 - Mk; ehs;
gpd;bra; neh;j;jp
tpijj;j 15 - Mk; ehs; - Kjy; fis vLj;jy;
tpijj;j 25 - Mk; ehs; - ghh;fis khw;wp kz; mizj;jy;
Mz; g{f;fis ePf;Fjy; - 40 -45 ehl;fs;
,s';fjph;fs; mWtil ,ilbtsp - 2 ehl;fs;
(bgz; g{f;fspd; F";rk; btspna
bjhpe;j cld;)
,s';fjph;fs; mWtilvz;zpf;if - 6-7

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 17

tpij cw;gj;jp - Mz; g{f;fs; ePf;fhky; kw;w
kf;fhr;nrhsj;ijg; nghd;W gaph; bra;ayhk;.
gaph;g; ghJfhg;g[ - tpijf;Fk;nghJ @g;a{ulhd; 3 $p FWizfis
vf;lUf;F 10 fpnyh tPjk; ,l ntz;Lk;.
rhFgof;nfw;w ,l';fs; - ePh;g;gpog;g[ gFjpiaj; jtpu midj;J
gFjpfSf;Fk; Vw;wJ.
tpisr;ry;
,s';fjph; - 6660 fpnyh / vf;lh;
gr;irj; jl;L - 32.2 ld; / vf;lh;
,s';fjpuhf mWtil bra;ahky; tpijkl;Lk; - 2000 fpnyh / vf;lh;

100 fpuhk; rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; cs;s rj;Jf;fs;

rj;Jfspd; mst[ fpuhk; rj;Jfspd; mst[ kp. fpuhk;

ePh;g; gjk; 67.1 fhy;rpak; 9.00
rh;f;fiu 3.6 gh!;gu!; 121.00
g[ujk; 4.7 ,Uk;g[r;rj;J 1.10
bfhGg;g[ 0.9 fnuhod; 32.00
jhJg; bghUl;fs; 0.8 ijakpd; 0.11
ehh;r;rj;J 1.9 hpngh@gpnshtpd; 0.17
kht[g; bghUs; 24.6 epahrpd; 0.06
rf;jp 125 fp. fnyhup itl;lkpd; (c) 6.00
rpWkf;fhr; nrhs Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs;/ fha;fwpfs; xg;gPL
kht[r;rj;J - fhypgpsth;/ Kl]ilnfh!;/ jf;fhsp/ gpbu";R gPd;!;/ btz;ilf;fha;/
Ks; s '; f p/ fj; j hpf; f ha; / !; g pndr; nghd; w fha; f wpfis tpl rpW
kf;fhr; nrhsk; mjpf kht[r;rj;ijf] bfhz;lJ.
g[ujk; - rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; g[ujk; kw;w fha;fwpfSf;F rkkhf cs;sJ
(btz;ilf;fha;/ Kl;il nfh!;/ gpbu"R
; gPd;!)].
bfhGg;g[r;rj;J - fhypgpsth; / jf; f hsp/ !; g pndr] nghd; w fha; f wpfistpl rpW
kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; bfhGg;g[r;rj;J kpft[k; Fiwt[.
fhy;rpak; - jf;fhsp/ fj;jhpf;fha;fis xg;gpLk; nghJ rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; mjpf
fhy;rpak; rj;J cs;sJ.
gh!; gu!; - kw;w fha;fwpfis tpl rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; mjpfkhd gh!;gu!; rj;J
cs;sJ.
,Uk;;g[r;rj;J - kw;w fha;fwpfis tpl rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpy; Fiwthd ,Uk;g[r;rj;J
cs;sJ.
itl;lkpd] “rp“ - rpW kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpd; itl;lkpd; “rp“ kw;w fha;fwpfshd Kl;il
nfh!;/ gpiu";;R gPd;!;/ fj;jhpf;fha;fSf;F rk mstpy; cs;sJ.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 18

 kf;fhr; nrhsj;jpw;F ey;y
tuntw;g[s;sJ.

gad;fs;...

,s';fjph;fs] gr;irahf cz;zt[k;/

R{g;/ rhyl;/ japh; gr;ro/ fhu CWfha;/
g$;$p/ ghark;/ mhprp gphpahzp/ mirt
FUkh/ fha;fwpfSld; Fwpg;ghf
g[ l y'; f ha[ l d; Tl; L nghd; w itr]
bra;at[k] gad;gLfpwJ. nkYk;/
,f; f jph; f spd; mWtilf; F g] gpwF
fpilf; F k; gr; i rj; j l] L ey; y Urp
jha;yhe;J/ ijthd;/ bjd; mbkhpf;fh/ cs;sjhf ,Ug;gjhy; fhy;eilfs; tpUk;g[k;
$hk; g pah/ $pk; g hg] n t/ irdh/ neghsk; / czt[....
,y'; i f/ ,e; j pah nghd; w ehLfspy;
,t;tif kf;fhr; nrhsj]jpy;
rpWkf;fhr; nrhsk; (nggp fhh]d;) rhFgo bra;ag;
fha; f wpfSf] F r; rkkhd Cl; l rj; J f; f s;
gLfpwJ. ,s';fjph;fŸ/ gjdplg]g£l rpWkf;fhr;
nrhsf] fjph;fs; Vw;Wkjp bra;a[k; ehLfspy;
jha; y he; J / ijthd; / bjd; mbkhpf; f h/
$hk;gpah/ $pk;ghnt/ irdh nghd;w ehLfs;
Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpd;wd. rpW kf;fhr; nrhs
,wf] F kjp bra; a [ k ] Kf; f pa ehLfshd

epiwe;J ,Ug;gjhy;/ Mz;L KGtJk; gaph;

bra; a Vw; w jhf ,Ug; g jhYk; / Vw; W kjp/
gytif kjpg]g[{l;lgl;l czt[ bghUl]fisj;
jahhpf; f cfe; j jhf ,Ug; g jhYk; tUk;
fhyj;jp[y; ,g]gapu] xU yhgfukhd gapuhf
tps';Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
mbkhpf; f h/ $g; g hd; / Qh'; f h'; / rp'; f g; g {h; /
M!; j pnuypah/ knyrpah/ ,e; n jhnd#pah/
gpypg;igd!; /; fdlh/ rtj [ p mnugpah/ knyrpah/
epa{rpyhe;J/ $nuhg;gpa ehLfspy; ,t;tif

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 19

 E[ª ØkºïVBD ‡ 15
(E[ª ØkºïVBßÄVzý Ãu¤B Ã]çªÍm
ÃBÐ^á >ïk_ï^ Ö©Ãz]l_ Ö¦D ØÃu®^áª)

Kidth; ,y. g[fnHe;jp

fha;fwpg] gaph;fs; Jiw
njhl;lf;fiy fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h]

rpdd ; bt'f ; hak; tpij tpiy: 1 fpnyh - +gha; 1,500

tpijf] fpilf;Fk; ,lk; : fha;fwpj; Jiw/ njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp
epiyak;/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h;.
tpijast[ : 8 fpnyh / vf;lUf;F
kz; kw;Wk; jl;g btl;gk; : ey;y tofhy; trjpa[s;s brk;kz; fUg;g[ kz; tiu ,g;gapiur;
rhFgo bra;ayhk;. mjpf btg;gepiy kw;Wk; Fsph; cs;s
fhy';fisj; jtpu kw;w fhy';;fspy; gaph; bra;tnj Vw;w
jUzkhFk;.
gUtk; kw;Wk; elt[ : khh;r; - $^iy/ nk-brg;lk;gh;/ etk;gh;-$dthp (tpij cw;gj;jpf;F).
tpijfis ehw;wh';fhy; ghj;jpfspy; gpg;uthp khjj;jpy; tpijj;J
gpd;dh; 45 taJila ehw;Wf;fis khh;r; khj;jpy; elt[ bra;ayhk;.
tpij cw;gj;jpf;fhf bt';fhaf] FkpiH (bulbs) etk;gh;
khjj;jpy; elt[ bta;ayhk;.
epyk; jahhpg;g[ : epyj;ij ,uz;L my;yJ \d;W Kiw ed;F cH ntz;Lk;.
gpd;dh; 45 br.kP ,ilbtspapy; ghh;fs;; mikj;jply; ntz;Lk;.
tpij bt';fhaj;jpd; ehw;Wf;fisg] ghh;fspd; rhptpy; 10 br.kP.
,ilbtspapy; elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
ePh;g; ghrdk; : bt';fhak; Kisj;j gpd;g[ xU thu ,ilbtspapy; ePh;g;gha;r;RtJ
ey;yJ. mWtilf;F gj;J ehl;fs; Kd;g[
ePh;g; ghrdj;ij epWj;jptpl ntz;Lk;.
cukpLjy; : epyk; jahhpf;Fk; nghJ xU vf;lUf;F 25 ld; bjhG cuk;
fye;J ,lntz;Lk;. gpd; ehw;W eLk; nghJ moa[ukhf
vf;lUf;F 30 fpnyh jiHr;rj;J (66 fpnyh a{hpah) 60 fpnyh
kzpr;rj;J (375 fpnyh Ng;gh; g!;ngl;) 30 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;J
(50 fpnyh Ka{hpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#;) Mfpatw;iwf] fye;J
,lntz;Lk;. nkYk;/ tpijj;j 30tJ ehspy; 30 fpnyh
jiHr;rj;J (66 fpnyh a{hpah) nkYukhf ,lntz;Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 20

gaph]g; ghJfhg;g[ : ,iyg;ngd; kw;Wk; bt';fha < ,tw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;
gpd;tUk; kUe;Jfspy; VjhtJ xd;iw bjspf;fyhk;. kPijy;
ilbkl;lhd; 25 ,.rp. kUe;J 1 kpy;yp 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; (my;yJ)
ilbkj;njhnal; 30 ,.rp. 1kpy;yp kUe;J 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J
bjspf;fyhk;. ,k; kUe;ijj; bjspf;Fk; nghJ ,tw;Wld; 0.5 kp.yp
Oghy; xl;Lk; jputj;jpid xU ypl;lh; ePhpy; fyf;f ntz;Lk;.
btl;Lg; g[G : ,ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Fnshh;ighpah!; kUe;J 2 kpy;ypia
1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J kz;zpy; Cw;w ntz;Lk;.
,iyg;g[s;sp : ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j nkd;nfhbrg; 2 fpuhk; my;yJ fhg;gh;
Mf;!pFnshiuL 2.5 fpuhk; kUe;J 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J bjspf;f
ntz;Lk;. kUe;ijf; fyf;Fk; nghJ Og;ghy; vd;w xl;Lk;
jputj;ij xU ypl;lUf;F 0.5 kpy;yp vd;w mstpy; fyf;f ntz;Lk;.
tpisr;ry;/ mWtil : bt';fhak; el;l 70 Kjy; 90 ehl;fspy; mWtilf;F tUk;.
tpisr;ry; xU vf;lUf;F 18.78 ld;fs; tiu fpilf;Fk;. mWtil
bra;j bt';fhaj;ijr] Rj;jk; bra;J 4 ehl;fs; epHypy;
cyutpl ntz;Lk;. nkYk;/ bt';fhaj;jpd; nrkpg;g[ fhyj;jpid
mjpfg;gLj;j mWtilf;F 15 ehl;fs; Kd;g[ khypf; iQouhf;irL
kUe;jpid 2500 gp.gp.vk;. vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
bt';fhaj;jpd; njhw;wKk; : bt';fhak; ed;F bghpajhft[k; nuh$h tz;zk; fye;j
,ay;g[fSk; bre;epwj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. xt;bthU bfhj;jpYk; 4-5 rpwpa
bt';fhak; nrh;e;Jf] fhzg;gLk;. xt;bthU bfhj;Jk; 80-90 fpuhk;
vil cs;sJ.
rpwg;gpay;g[fs; : i. mjpf bt';fha tpisr;ryhf vf;lUf;F 18.91 ld; fpilf;Fk;
ii. tpijfs; \yk; ehw;W bgwg;gl;L ,dg;bgUf;fk; bra;ag;gLfpwJ
iii. mjpf mst[ tpij tpisrr ; yhf vfl
; UfF; 300 fpnyh juty;yJ.
iv. mjpf mst[ bkhj; j f; fiua[ k ; jplg; b ghUs; bfhz; l J

(13.17 rjk;). nkYk;/ itl;lkpd;

“rp” (8.97 kp.yp. / 100 fp)/
fhuj; j d; i ka[ k ; (igUtpf;
mkpyk; - 2.37 ikf;nuhnkhy; /
fpuhk;) cilaJ.
gaph; bra;a Vw;w ,l';fs; :
nfhit/ g[Jf;nfhl;il/
ehif/ j";;rht{h;/ jpUth+h;/
flY}h; / bghpaFsk; / kJiu/
njdp/ tpUJefh; / bey; i y
khtl;l';fspy; tz;ly; kz;
gpunjr';fspy; ,witg; gapuhfg]
gaphpl cfe;jJ.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 21

ïsç> ÃÂïD,,,
÷ç\ W窡ï^ ....
nfhitapd; g[uhjd
rpd;dkhf mwptpf;fg;gl;l jkpH;ehL
ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHff;
fl;olj;ij thH;j;jp Muha;r;rp
,af;Feh; vGjpaJ ,f;ftpij. rptg;g[f;
fl;olj;ijg; gw;wpa xU mwptpay;
ftp"hpd; gRik epidt[fs;...

E}w;whz;ilf; fz;l Muha;r;rpf; fl;olk; (Research Institute)

Kidth; K. gukhj;kh/ Muha;r;rp ,af;Feh;

vd; kdf;fz;Kd; epw;Fk; gl;lk; gapy miHg;g[ te;j

vHpy; kpF fhl;rpfis je;jpiag; ghh;j;J
vGjpf; fhl;l gutrk; mile;J gwe;J Xo te;njd;!!
vGe;jnj ,k;Kaw;rp! cd;idg; ghh;j;J ka';fhjth;fs; - xUtnuDk;
Kjd; Kjypy; \d;whtJ EiHthapy; cyfpy; cz;nlh!
Kd;dpd;W KGtJk; urpj;j Kidtd; ehd; cd;idg; ghh;f;f ntz;o xt;bthU
Kjy; ghh;itapy; kdk; Kw;Wk; gwpbfhLj;j Mz;Lk; Xuhapuk; (Kd;dhs;) khzth;fs;
KJfiy \jwp"d; ehd; ctifnahL <z;L tUfpd;wdh; !
Mapukhapuk; khzth;fSf;F
mwpt[g; g[fl;oa vd; MUaph; jhna! jhaha;/ jdadha;/ nerkpF
ez;gdha; v';fs; be";rpy; epiwe;jha; !
fw;nfhapy; fl;olj;jpw;F irijapy; Kisj;J/ nfhitapy; ntW}d;wp
fz;bfhs;sh rhl;rpahd fw;W}z;fs; ... nkijaha; nkjpdp vy;yhk; kpd;dyhdha;!
kdijf; ftUk; kug;gyif khog;gofs; ... gl;lkspg;g[ tpHhtpw;Fg; gpd; - cd;Dld;
kdjpypUe;J kiwah kw;bwhU fhl;rp 1972y; vl;l epd;W epHy;glk;bkLf;fhj
neh;fhzy; epfH;r;rp vdf;F khztDz;lh!!
epd; kho nguiwapy; epfHe;jJ ,y;iy! ,y;iy! ,y;ynt ,y;iy!
kug;gyif khog; gonky; gy;iyf; fhl;og; glbkLg;gijg] ghh;j;J
khpahija[ld; mo itj;njd; - vd; urpf;fyhk;...
kz;ilapy; mog;gJ nghy; lk; lk; vDk; xyp
tyJfhiy tise;J ghh;j;njd; jhna! nrna! monad;
kiwatpy;iy vd; kdjpy;- ,d;Wk;
cd;koapy; mkh;e;J/ Ch;e;J
thH;fpwJ vd; kdjpy;! ciuaho/ ghl';fis kdghlk; bra;j
ghh;j;njd;! urpj;njd;! cd;dplk; kzpj;Jspfs;
gof;f tha;g;g[ fpilf;Fnkh vdg; ciuff ; jj
; hd; Koak[ h? myy
; J kwff; Koak[ h? ...
gutrg;gl;nld;! vd; cjpuk; ciwej ; hYk; czht ; f
[ s; bjhlUk; ...

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 22

Mh;.I (R.I) FLk;gj;jpy; vz;zpiwe;j gd;dhl;L mu';Ffspy;
nkijfs;/ nkjF "hdpfs;/ tp";"hdpfs;/ cd;idg; ghuhl;Ltijf] nfl;L/ ghh;j;J/
nte;jh;fs; - vd gutrkile;jpUf;fpnwd; ...
nkjpdp v';Fk; kpspu tpl;oUf;fpwha; g{t[ld; nrh;e;j ehWk; kzf;Fk; vd;ghh;fs; ...
vl;Lj; jpf;fpYk;; khzth;fs; ... cd; khztd; vd;wJk; v';fis kjpf;fpwhh;fs;
cd; bgaiu cr;rhpf;Fk; neubky;yhk;
kl;oyh ghpRfSk; khl;rpiaa[k; bgWfpwhh;fs;!
vd; be";R epkph;fpwJ vGr;rp bgWfpwJ
vg;go ,g;go bahU Vw;wj;ijg; bgw;wha;...
vd;dplk; vz;zpiwe]njhh;
vLj;Jiuj;jnjhh; brhy; bgUkzpnahir nguhde;jk; jUk;/
vdf;F tha;g;g[ fpilf;fhj ,e;j Mh;.I (R.I) mWit Mrphpah;fSf;F M!M! Mde;j
fy;Y}hpy; Kw;Wg;g[s;sp!
vHpYw goj;jnj Vw;wkpF brabyd;W! gjpide;J epkpl';fSf;bfhUKiw
gGjpy;yh kzpnahir
cd; nghh;l;onfhtpy; gof;f nghl;lh nghl;ofs; ghU';fs; ,Jjhd; v';fs;
eilbgWk; ... gHk;bgUk; yz;ld; "gpf; bgy;"
vd;idj; Juj;j vd; rPdpah; brhd;d fij ,J kzpnahir nfl;f nfl;f
kl;oyh kfpH;r;rp jUk; - cd;
$py; $py; vDk; ry';if xypa[ld;
kzpnahir nfl;Fk; kdkfpH; kd;wKk;
bts;is uhzp btspr;rkpy;yhnghJ tUths; -
g[j;jhz;ilf] bfhz;lhLnthk;
vd;W
g[dpj kzp xypahy;!
mjdhy; kpd;rhuk; nghdhy; kpf tpiutpy;
bre;epw tpsf;bfhspapy; ve;neuKk; gof;Fk;
btspnawpLntd; ...
vz;zpiwe;j khzth;fSf;F vz;zpj;
,is"h;fns! ,e;jf;fij ,d;dk; ,Uf;fpwjh? jUfpwha; kzpj;Jspfis ...
\d;W Mz;Lfs; Kiw jtwhJ vd;Ds;sk; KGJk; vd;Wk; ,Uf;fpwha;
gl;lkspg;g[ tpHhtpd; nghJ cd; vd;nd! cd; fk;gPuk; vg;goa[iug;ngd;!
fk;gPuj; njhw;wj;Jld; kpLf;bfhL epd;W
"Guard of Honour" bfhLj;j fhl;rpfs; Mh.] I.na!
fz;Kd; epw;fpd;wd fiwatpy;iy... ,d;Wk;… ePna vd; jha;
ePna vd; Mrhd;
vd; Cdpy; caphpy; fye;jts; eP... ePna vd; thH;t[/ tsk;/ FLk;gk;
gzpfs; gy vidj; njo te;jnghJk; cd;dpypUe;J v';fisg; gphpf;f ,ayhJ
cd; gRik koapy; gzpahw;wnt tpUk;gpndd;! cd;dwpit cynfhUld; gfph;tJk;
cd; bre;epwk; vd; rpe;ijapy; ahz;Lk; cd;Dld; thH;e;J cd;idf; fhg;gJk; vd; gzp
vd; kfSfF ; bgah; Nlo; ndd; " brej
; sph"; vdW
; ! fz;iz \odhYk; cd; fhl;rp bjhpfpwJ!
ehd; ed;wp kwth cd; Ma;t[ kfd; vd;nd cd; njhw;wk;! vg;go kaf;Ffpwha;
cd; khztd; vd;wjdhy; - cah;kjpg;g[ vy;nyhiua[k?;
,d;Dk; gRikaha; vd;epidtpy; epw;fpd;wd ...
cd;idg; gphpa vd; kdk; ,lk;jutpy;iy! rpwpa ntz;Lnfhs; brg;g[tJ vd; fld;
Mh;. I. fl;olj;jpw;F ghJfhg;g[ FG mikj;J
ey;ywpit/ ey;byhGf;fj;ij epjpjpul;lt[k; bjhd;ik rpwg;g[ (Heritage)
fl;ol m';fPfhuk; bgwt[k; Mtz bra;nthk;.
ey;fpapUf;fpwha;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 23

 ¶¤¼kVD {ú g«VFßE WçéBD
>tµåV| Øå_ g«VFßE WçéBD....
>twï Øå_ kçïï¹[ >VFT|...
gutpf;fplf;fpwJ jkpH;ehL bey;
Muha;r;rp epiyak;. jkpHh;fspd;
kpf Kf;fpa czthd bey; gw;wpa
Ma; t [ g ; g zpfis nkw; b fhz; L
gy;ntW rhjidfis tuyhw;Wr;
RtLfshfg; gjpj; J s; s ,e; j
epiyak; E}w;whz;L tpHhit 2012
Mk;Mz;L bfhz;lhl cs;sJ.
,e;j Muha;r;rp
epiyaj; j pd; tuyhW Fwpj; J
,af;Feh; Kidth; j. b$auh$;
tpsf;Fifapy; ",e;j Muha;r;rp
epiyak; jhd; jkpHfj;jpd; \j;j
jkpHfj;jpd; bey; fs";rpak; vd Muha;r;rp epiyak;. ,e;j epiyak;
kapyhLJiwf;F mUfpy; cs;s k';if
nghw;wg;gLk; j";ir khtl;lj;jpy; MLJiw ey;Y}hpy; jhd; Kjd;Kjyhf 1912 Mk;
apypUe; J ngusk; bry; Y k; tHpapy; Mz;Lbjhl';fg;gl;lJ. m';fpUe;J 1922
\d;whtJ fpnyh kPl;lhpy; mike;Js;s Mk; Mz; L ntshz; i k Muha; r ; r p
nky kUj;Jtf; Fo fpuhkj;jpy; 64 vf;lh; epiyak; vd;w bgaUld; MLJiwf;F
gug;gstpy; gRikg; nghu;itiag; khw;wg;gl;lJ. kz;ly Muha;r;rp epiyakhf
nghu;j;jpago fz;qf;F tpUe;jhf

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 24

1962 Mk; Mz;L cah;j;jg;gl;l ,e; epWtdk; fle;j 98 Mz;Lfshf bew;gaph; Fwpj;j
1973 Mk; Mz;L gy;fiyf;fHf Muha;r;rp Ma;t[g;gzpfspy; Fwpg]gpljf;fr] rhjid
ikakhf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpH;ehL bey; fisg; gilj;Js;s ,e;j Muha;r;rp epiyak;
Muha;r;rp epiyak; vd;w bgaUld; 1981 Mk; jhd; ,uh$uh$d; 1000 (brk;ik bey;) rhFgo
Mz;L jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; Kiw cs;spl;l gy;ntW g[jpa bey; tif
fHfj;jpd; fPH; bfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. gpwF 1985 fisa[k; mtw;Wf;fhd ePh; / cu / neha; / g{r;rp
Mk; Mz; L bey; Muha; r ; r pf; f hd jdp nkyhz; i k tH'; f pa jha; t PlhFk; .
,af;ffkhf cah;t[ bgw;wJ" vd;whh;. ,uh$uh$d; 1000 rhFgoapy; gha; ehw;wh';fhy;/
kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l taJnfww ; cunkyhzi ; k
Muha; r ; r p epiyaj; j pd; nehf; f ';
Mfpait ,e; j Muha; r ; r p epiyaj; j pd;
fisf] nfl;lnghJ "fhtphpghrdg; gFjpapd; rkPgj;jpa rhjidfshFk.;
njitf;nfw;g gy;ntW ntshz;ik
fy; Y }hpfs; / Muha; r ; r p epiya'; f spd; HHHHH
cjtpnahL Ma;t[g; gzpfis nkw;bfhs;S
jy;/ bey; rhu;e;j ntshz;ikf;fhd Kd;ndho
Ma; t [ epiyakhf gzpbra; j y; / ,e; j pa jpz;otdk;/ ntshz;ik mwptpay;
mstpyhd iQhuhghj; bey; Muha; r ; r p epiyaj;jpd; Mnyhridf; FGf;
,af;Feufk;/ xhprh khepyk; fl;lhf;fpy; cs;s Tl;lj;jpy; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg;
kj;jpa bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak; Mfpatw;Wld; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; Jiznte;jh;
,ize;J bey;gaphpy; Muha;r;rpfis fPH;fz;l Mnyhridfis tH';fpdhh;
nkw;bfhs;Sjy;/ jkpHf mstpyhd bey;
F gaWtiffs; kw;Wk; vz;bza; tpj;J
Muha;r;rp epiya';fSld; ,ize;J Muha;r;rp gaph; f spd; cw; g j; j pia bgUf; f
jpl;l';fis nkw] bfhs;Sjy;/ g[jpa ,uf';fs;/ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;Fk; tifapy;/
bjhHpy; El;g';fs; ntshz;bgUkf;fisr; mjpfstpy; gapw;rpfs; kw;Wk; cHth;
brd;wila Kjy; epiy bray; tpsf;f';fs; fspd; tay;fspy; khjphp jply;fis
elj;JtJ/ cHth;fSf;fhd gz;iz mikj;J cHth;fis Cf;fg;gLj;j
Mnyhridg; gzpfs;/ tphpthf;fg; gzpahsu; ntz;Lk;.
fSf;fhd gapw;rp/ cHth;fs;/ gz;izkfsph;/ F etPd bjhHpy; El;g';fshd
kfsph; Ra cjtpf; FGf;fSf;F gapw;rp" vd ,uh$uh$d; 1000 bey; rhFgo/ Jy;ypa
gl;oaypl;lhh;. gz;izak; kw;Wk; brk;ik fUk;g[
rhFgo gw;wp cHth;fs; ed;F mwpa
,e;j Muha;r;rpepWtdk; bew;gaphpy; tif bra;ag;gl ntz;Lk;.
MLJiw 1 Kjy; MLJiw 48 (V.o.o.) tiu 48
F gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; ,izajskhd
bew;gaph; ,uf';fisa[k;/ MLJiw tPhpa xl;L
(www/tnau.ac.in / www.indg.in)
bey; 1 tifa[k;/ mwpKf bey; ,uf';fs; 14/ mf; h pblf; nghh; l ypy; cs; s
cSe;jpy; 5 ,uf';fs;/ ghrpg;gaphpy; 3 ,uf';fs;/ Vw;Wkjpf;fhd cs;~h; kw;Wk;
nrhah bkhr;irapy; 1 ,ufk;/ gUj;jpapy; 1 ,ufk; btspa{h; re;ij epytu';fs; kw;Wk;
btspapl; L s; s J. jw; n ghJ FWfpa fhy jpdrhp re;ij epytu';fis midj;J
,ufj;jpy; ,uz;Lk;/ kj;jpa fhy ,ufj;jpy; tptrhapfs; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F tif
\d;Wk;/ ePz;lfhy ,ufj;jpy; ,uz;Lk; vd bra;ag;gl ntz;Lk;.
bkhj;jk; VG ,uf';fs; fle;j 8 Mz;Lfshf F rpwpa elkhLk; bjspg;g[ ePh; ghrdf;
nrhjidapy; cs;sd. fUtpia ,k;khtl;l cHth;fspilna
mwpKfg;gLj;j ntz:Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 25

 fs® k©Q¡nf¤j be±Y....
Kidth] r. gz;lupehjd;
Kidth] F. fjpnurd;

md;gpy; jh]kyp';fk; ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha]r]rp epiyak;

etY}h]Fl;lg]gl;L/ jpUr]rp - 9

kz;zpy; cs;s fsh] jd;ikapdhy;

jpUr;rp-2 rpwg]ghfr] bray;gl;Ls;sJ.
fsh] jd;ik Mjpf;fj;jpdhy; bkhj;j
jpUr]rp -2 kw;Wk; MLJiw 43 bey; ,uf';fspy;
gPdhy; mst[ jpUr;rp-2 ,ufj;jpy; khw;wkpy;yh
cs;s caph] ntjpapay; TWfspd; (bkhj;j
kYk;/ MLJiw 43 ,ufj;jpy; Fiwe;Jk;
jd;dpr]ir mkpndh mkpyk;/ igUtpf; mkpyk;/
fhzg]gl;lJ.
bkhj;j gPdhy;) kPJ Vw;gLk; tpist[fs; gw;wpa
Ma;t[ md;gpy; jh]kyp';fk; ntshz; fy;Y}hp Mdhy; elt[ bra;jgpd; Fwpg]gpl;l ehs;
kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyaj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;sg; ,ilbtspapy; ,U ,uf';fspYk; bkhj;j
gl;lJ. elt[ bra;jgpd; 7/15/30/60 ehs; ,il gpdhypd; mst[ rpwpJ rpwpjhf mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
btspapy; ,e;j tpist[fs; Muhag]gl;ld. ,J fsh; jd; i kapd; Mjpf; f k; jpUr; r p-2
,ufj;ij tpl MLJiw-43 ,ufj;jpy; mjpfkhf
Muha; r ; r pf; F cl; g l; l ,U kz;
,Ug]gJ bjhpa tUfpwJ.
tiffSk; ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gl;l cu msthd
vf;nlUf;F 120:40:40 jiH/ kzp/ rhk;gy; rj;J fsh; jd; i kapd; jhf; f j; j pdhy;
,lg]gl;ld. mkpny!; behjpapd; rpwg]g[ bray;ghL jpUr]rp-2-
I tpl MLJiw - 43-y; Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ. ,J
fsh] jd;ikahy; ,uz;L ,uf';fspYk;
gz;gf btspg;ghl;od; fhuzkhfnth my;yJ
(jpUr]rp-2 kw;Wk; MLJiw-43) bkhj;j mkpndh
behjpg]bghUspd; bray;ghlhfnth ,Uf;fyhk;.
mkpy';fs; Fiwe;j mst[lDk;/ tsh]rpij
khw;w';fSlDk; fhzg;gl;ld. fsh; jd;ik el; l 45 ehl; f spYk; / mWtilapd;
,uf ntWghL fUjhky; mkpndh mkpy nghJk; caph] mstPLfs; vLf;fg]gl;ld.
behjpiaj; jLg]gjhft[k; bjhpfpwJ. ,e;j Muha;r]rpapd; Kot[fspd; go
fsh; jd; i k fpisnfhypof; tHp kz;zpy; rjtPj nrhoa ghpkhw;wk; (,v!;gp) 28
Kiwiaf] Fiwj;J igUtpf; mkpyj;jpd; ,Ue;j nghjpYk;/ MLJiw -43-I tpl jpUr]rp-2
msitf] Fiwf; f pwJ. fpisnfhypof; fsh] jd;ikia ed;F jh';fp tsh]e;J 77
tHpKiwapy; cs;s ntfeph]za behjpfs; rjtpfpjk; tpisr;ry; mjpfkhf fpilf;fg]
aht[k; cg]g[ jd;ikapdhy; typikapHf;fpwd. bgw;wJ.
vdpDk;/ MLJiw-43 ,ufj;ijf] fhl;oYk;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 26

 ïJ òâJ : bjhÊš E£g« _ ¶]ï éVÃD ØÃÅ ...
l

Vz
Ã
½
¶¦ú 妡 xçÅ
Ä Kidth; jh.eh. ghynkhfd;
V
\ rh.uh$Jiu
gHj;Jiw nfh.gphpajh;#pdp
njhl;lf;fiyf;fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

mlh; elt[ Kiw Rkhh; Kg;gJ nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Ma;tpd; Kf;fpa

ghpe;Jiuahf 5 kPl;lUf;F 5 kPl;lh; ,il
tUl'; f Sf; F Kd; d h; Inuhg; g pa ehL btspapy; vf;lUf;F 400 kh ku';fs;
fspYs;s Fsph; gpunjr';fspy; Mg;gps;/ gpsk;!; eLtjw;fhdg] ghpe;Jiuj; jug;gl;lJ. ,jid
nghd;w gHg;gaph;fspy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;jJ. mog;gilahff; bfhz;L gy;ntW epWtd';
Vbddpy; ,t;tifahd gH ku';fs; fspy; Muha;r;rp nkw;bfhz;ljpy; 5 x 5 kP
Fsph;fhyj;jpy; ,iy cjph;j;J gpd; cwf;f ,ilbtspapy; khku rhFgo bra;tJ
epiyf;F bry;Yk;. gpd;dh; tre;j fhy';fspy;; rpwe; j jhff] fUjg; g LfpwJ. ,jd; \yk;
g{f;fis Cf;Ftpf;f fthj;J bra;ag;gl;L tpisr; r y; \d; W Kjy; ehd; F kl'; F
tUtjhy; mtw; w pd; bkhj; j mikg; i g mjpfhpf;f tha;g;g[s;sJ. vdpDk; ,jw;fhd
njitf;nfw;g rpwpjhfnth my;yJ eLj;ju
cUtikg; g [ l d; itj; J bfhs; t J vspJ.
,f;fhuz';fspdhy; Mg;gps;;/ gpsk;!; nghd;w
gHg;gaph;fspy; mlh; elt[ Kiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;L
mjpf tpisr;ry; bgwg;gl;lJ. ,t;tifahd
mlh; elt[ Kiwfspy; xU vf;lUf;F Rkhh;
10/000 Mg;gps; fd;Wfs; tiu elt[ bra;ag;
gl;lJ. ,jd; \yk; Ie;J Kjy; gj;J kl';F
mjpf tpisr;ry; bgWtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
ku';fis ehd;F Kjy; Ie;J mof;F nky;
tsuhky; fl; L gLj; j g; g l; L te; j d. jtpu
gpd;bra; neh;j;jpfSk;/ mWtila[k; kpft[k;
vspjhf bra; t njhL kl; L ky; y hky; E}W
tpGf;fhL epyk; rhFgof;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;L Muk;gfl;l bryt[fs; tHf;fkhd khku elt[
te;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Kiwia xg;gpLk; nghJ Rkhh; ehd;F kl';F
mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ.
vz;gJfspy; ,e;jpahtpYk; ,t;tif
mlh; elt[ Kiw khkuj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;L ,ufk;/ fd;W njh;t[
btw; w pfukhd Kot[ f s; bgwg; g l; L s; s d.
,t;tifahd mlh; elt[ Kiwf;F
,t;tif Muha;r;rp Kjd; Kjypy; "mk;uhghyp"
vy;yh ,uf';fSk; Vw;g[ilait. mlh; elt[f;F
vd] D k; Fl; i l tif khku ,ufj; j py;
ey;y tskhd tofhy; trjpa[s;s epy';fisj;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 27

njh;t[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
kz; z pd; fhu mkpyj;
jd;ik 6.5 Kjy; 7.5 tiu
,Ug; g J khku'; f spd;
tsh;r;rpf;F VJthf
mika[k;. elt[f;F Kd;g[
5 x 5 kPl;lh; ,ilbtspapy;
xU fd mo mstpy; FHp
vLj;J rpy thu';fSf;F
gpd;; nky; kz;iz ,l;L
epug;gp gj;J fpnyh bjhG
cuk;/ E}W fpuhk;
ypz;nld; fye;J FHpia
\l ntz;Lk;. elt[f;fhf
bkd; jz;L xl;L
fd; W fisnah my; y J
beUf;F xl;L fd;W
fisnah gad;gLj;jyhk;. fd;Wfisj; njh;î ghrdKk; cuKk;
bra;a[k;nghJ g{r;rp neha;fs; jhf;fhkYk;/ mlh; elt[ Kiwiag] gpd;gw;Wk; nghJ
neuhf nky; nehf;fp tsh;e;j fpisfSld; brhl;L ePh;g] ghrdKk;/ ePh; tHp cukpLjYk;
,Ug;gtw;iwj; njh;t[ bra;tJ mtrpak;. ,sk;/ kpft[k; mtrpak;. brhl;L ePh;g] ghrdk; gpd;
tajhd xl;L fd;Wfisj; jtph;;g;gJ mtrpak;. gw;wg;gLk; nghJ ePh; nrkpg;g[ kl;Lky;yhky;
jahh; bra;ag;gl;l FHpfspy; eLk;nghJ xl;Lg; bjhlh]e]J ehs;njhWk; ePh]g] gha]r]r Koa[k;.
gFjp kz;zpw;F nky; Rkhh; 10-15 br.kP mst[ Kjy; ,uz;L tUl';fSf;F 2-5 yp / kuk; mst[
ePh; fpilf;FkhW bra;a ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; 2-4
,Uf;FkhW elntz;Lk;.
tUl kuj;jpw;F 10-25 yp / kuk; mstpYk;/ 5-10
Ú®tÊ cukˤj±... tUl kuj;jpw;F 80-90 yp / kuk; vd;w mstpYk;
bfhLg;gJ rhyr; rpwe;jJ. ,nj nghy; bjhlh;e;J
ku';fSf;F cukpLjy; mtrpak;. xU tUl
ePh; tHp cukspf;Fk; nghJ/ Kjy;
tUlk; bro xd; w pw; F tUlj; j pw; F kuj;jpw;F 10 fpnyh bjhG cuk;/ 200 fpuhk;
100:50:100 fpuhk; jiHr;rj;J/ kzpr;rj;J/
jiHr;rj;J/ 300 fpuhk; kzpr;rj;J/ 300 fpuhk;
rhk;gy; rj;J thuk; xU Kiw gfph;e;J rhk;gy; rj;J ,tw;iw tUlj;jpw;F ,U Kiw
mspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,uz;L taJ rkkhf gphpj;J mspj;jy; ntz;Lk;. nkYk;/
kuj;jpw;F 200:100:200 fpuhk;/ \d;W taJ xt;bthU tUlKk; 10 fpnyh bjhG cuk;/ 200
fd;Wf;F 300:150:800 fpuhk;/ ehd;F taJ fpuhk; jiHr;rj;J/ 200 fpuhk; kzpr;rj;J/ 300
kuj;jpw;F 400:200:400 fpuhk;/ 5 taJ fpuhk; rhk;gy; rj;J vd;w mstpy;; mjpfhpj;J
kuj;jpw;F 500:200:500 fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; bfhz;nl tu ntz;Lk;. MW taJ kuj;jpw;F 50
mspg;gJ ey;y tpisr]rYf;F fpnyh bjhG cuk/; 1 fpnyh jiHr;rj;J/ 1 fpnyh
tHp tFf;Fk;. kzpr;rj;J/ 1.5 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;J ,l ntz;Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 28

 mtrpak;. Edp fpisf; fisg;g[/ njitaw;w
fis¡f£L¥ghL... kuj; j pd; eLg; g Fjpapy; njhd; W k; fpis
fisa[k;/ nky; nehf;fp tsUk; eLj;jz;L
Ml;fis bfhz;L/ fUtpfisf; fisa[k; mfw;wp njitahd mst[ Nhpa
bfhz; L kz; z pd; nky; gFjpfis
xspgLk;go bra;tjhy; mjpf tpisr;riyg;
cGJ my;yJ ,urhadf; fis
bgwyhk;.
bfhy; y pfisf; bfhz; L vd \d; W
tHpfspy; fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. g{r;rp neha; nkyhz;ik
fUtpfisf; bfhz;L cGk;nghJ vil
Fiwthd gth;ohpy;yh; my;yJ kpdp khkuj; i jg; bghJthf jj; J g; g {r; r p/
ouhf;lh;fis bfhz;L cGJ fisiaf; jz;Lj; Jisg;ghd/; gH </ gH tz;L nghd;w
fl; L g; g Lj; J tJ mtrpak; . ,y; i y g{r;rpfs; jhf;fp nrjg;gLj;Jk;. jj;Jg;g{r;rpfis
badpy; mo kz; ,Wfp kz;zpd; nth; mrpngl;/ ghrnyhd; fhh;ghpy; nghd;w g{r;rp
tsh;r;rp ghjpf;fg;gLk;. jtpu khkuj;jpy; kUe;Jfisg] gad;gLj;jp fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
ghuFthl/; mlu;rPd/; fpisnghirl; nghdw;
fhh;ghpy; gad;gLj;Jk; nghJ mjndhL eida[k;
fisf; bfhy;ypfisa[k; gad;
fe; j fk; gad; g Lj; J jy; mtrpak; . jz; L j;
gLj; j p fisfis f; fl; L g;
Jisg;ghidf; fl;LgLj;j/ tz;Lfs;
gLj;jyhk;.
Jisj; j j; Jisfspy; 3-5 fpuhk; tiu
fhh;nghgpa{uhid ,l;L fspkz; bfhz;L \o
tplyhk;. gH <iaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j/ ,df;fth;r;rpg]
totikg;g[k; fthj;Jk;
bghwpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk; my;yJ
el;l ku';fisr] rhpahd Kiwapy; khyj;jPahd;/ bgd;jpahd; nghd;w ,urhad
totikg;g[ bra;tJk;/ fha;g;gpw;F gpd; fthj;J g{r;rpf] bfhy;ypfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. gH
bra;jYk; kpft[k; ,d;wpaikahjJ. tot tz;Lfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j bgd;jpahd; nghd;w
ikg;gJ gy tUl';fs; bjhlh;e;J tpisr;riyg; ,urhad kUe;ijg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. gH';fspy;
bgw kpft[k; ,d;wpaikahjJ. vspjhf gpd;; bra; njhd;Wk; gwitf;fz; nehiaf] fl;Lg;gLj;j
neh;j;jpa[k;/ mWtila[k; bra;a totikg;g[ fhh;bgd;lhrpk;/ nk';nfhbrg; nghd;w g{";rhzf;
mtrpak;. el;l fd;Wfis 1 kP cauk; tiu bfhy;ypfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
neuhf tsh;;j;J 70 br.kP cauj;jpy; Edpfis
mWtila[k; tpisr;rYk;
btl; o tpLtjd; \yk; fpisfs; ehyh
gf;f';fspYk; cUthFk;. ,t;thW cUthFk; mlh; elt[ Kiwapy; elg;gLk; khku';fs;
fpisfspy; 3 my; y J 4 jplfhj; j pukhd bghJthf ey;y guhkhpg;gpd; fPH; ,Ue;jhy;
fpisfis vy;yh jpirfspYk; ,Uf;FkhW \d; W tUl'; f spy; fha; f ; f j; bjhl'; F k; .
ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. mnjhL Vida \d;whk; tUlj;jpy; 1 vf;lUf;F Rkhh; 1 Kjy; 2
fpisfis mfw;wp tpl ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; mf; ld; tpisr;ry; fpilf;Fk;. ehd;fhtJ tUlk; 2
fpisfis kPz;Lk; xU kPl;lh; tiu tsh;j;J 60 Kjy; 4 ld; tpisr;rYk; / Ie;jhtJ tUlk; 6-8
br.kP cauj;jpy; kPz;Lk; EdpapypUe;J btl;o ld; tiua[k;/ MwhtJ tUlj;jpypUe;J 10-12 ld;
tpLjy; mtrpak;. ,t;thW fthj;J bra;ag;gl;l tpisr;riyg; bgw ,aYk;.
ku'; f s; Filiag; nghd; W fhzg; g Lk; .
fha; g ; g [ f ; F tUk; nghJ fthj; J bra; j y;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 29

ÃV«DÃöB Ãlú Ö«ïºï^ :
ÃBÐ^á >ïk_ï^ Kidth; brh. td;dpauh$d]
gh. kPdhFkhhp
Kidth] v. KUfd;

1. kugpay; Jiw/ ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/ kJiu
2. jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]

btg;g kz;ly ehlhf mwpag;gLk; cilaJ. rpy ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fspy; kUj;Jt

Fz';fSk; cs;sd. ,j;jifa rpwg;g[fs;
,e;jpahtpy; kpf mjpfkhd kugpay; ntW
cila ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fisg] gad;gLj;jp
ghLila jhtu';fs; cs;sd. ghpzhk tsh;r;rp
mjpf gadilayhk;.
fz;l gy gaph;fs; ,e;jpahitj; jhafkhff]
bfhz;lit. rhFgo ,uf';fs; (my;yJ) ehl;L gRikg; g[ul;rpapd; nghJ/ gaph;fspy;
,uf';fs; (my;yJ) ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; vd mjpf tpisr; r iyj; juf; T oa ,uf'; f s;
miHf; f g; g Lk; ,g; g aph; f s] cHth; f shy; cHth;fSf;F g[jpa ek;gpf;ifiaj; je;jd.
me;je;j gFjpfspy; gy fhy';fshf njh;t[ Mdhy; ,e;j ek;gpf;if/ rhFgo bryt[fshy;
bra;ag;bgw;W rhFgo bra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Vkhw;wkhf khwpaJ. mjpf tpisr;ry; jUk;
Fl;ilahd ,uf';fs; cu';fs; mspg;gjw;F
me;je;j gFjpapy; ,aw;ifahf tsh;e;j
Vw;g mjpf tpisr;riyj;; juf;Toait. ,e;j
gaph;fspy; ,Ue;J rpwe;j tpijfisj; njh;t[
,uf';fshy; jhd; gRikg;g[ul;rp vw;gl;lJ.
bra;J nrfhpj;J nrkpf;fg;gl;lit jhd;
ghuk;ghpa tpijfs;. ,e;j tpijfs; gy E}W mjpf tpisr;riyj;; jUk; ,uf';fs;
jiyKiwfshf gaphplg;gl;L ifkhwp ifkhwp mjpf ePh;g; ghrdk;/ mjpf cuj;njitfs;
te;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. cilait. ekJ g{kpapy; rhFgo bra;a[k;
gug;gst[/ mjpfhpf;Fk; kf;fs; bjhifahy;
jw; n ghija ,uf'; f isg; nghy
Fiwe;J bfhz;nl tUfpwJ. jw;nghija
ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; gaph; ,dtpUj;jp
ePuhjhu';fshy; etPd ,uf';fspd; ePh;j;
bra; a g; g ltpy; i y. ghuk; g hpa ,uf'; f spy;
njitfisg] g{h;j;jp bra;a ,aytpy;iy.
kugpay; ntWghLfisa[k;/ gy;ntW ,aw;if
,lh;ghLfisa[k; jh';fp tsuf;Toa jd;ik
bfhz;lit. ,it vy;yhr; R{H;epiy
fspYk; tsuf; T oa kugpay; TW
cilait. ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; xnu
khjphpahd gz;g[fs; ,y;yhky; cauk;/
taJ/ tpijfspy; ntWgl;l epw';fs;/
neha; vjph;g;g[j; jd;ik/ g{r;rpfisj; jh';fp
tsUk; jd;ik kw;Wk; twl;rp jh';fp
khdhthhpahf tsuf; Toajhft[k;
cs;sd. nkYk;/ mjpf mst[ g[ujk;/
,Uk;g[r;rj;J/ fhy;rpak; rj;J/ ehh]r]rj;J

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 30

Mifahy; / ehk; jw; b ghGJ bghpa g[jpjhf tpijfis th';f ntz;oa[s;sJ.
rthy;fSld; ntshz;ikia btw;wp bgwr; Mdhy; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; gy;ntW
bra;a ntz;oa R{H;epiyapYs;nshk;. R{H;epiyfspYk; tsuf;Toa jd;ik
Kw; f hyj; j py; j'; f s; tpijfisr] cilajhy; vy;yh epy';fspYk; rhFgo bra;a
nrkpj;J itj;jJld; gpw cHth;fSlDk; Vw;wit. ,it cauk;/ juk;/ taJ
g';fpl;Lf; bfhz;ldh;. Mdhy; jw;bghGJ/ nghd; w tw; w py; mjpf ntWghLfis
tpij cl;gl midj;J rhFgo njitfSf;Fk; cilait. ,jdhy; cHth;fs; tPhpaj; jd;ik
tptrhapfs; rhh;e;Js;s R{H;epiy epyt[fpwJ. cila brofspy; ,Ue;J tpijfisj; njh;t[
kf;fhr;nrhsk;/ gUj;jp/ nrhsk;/ fk;g[ bra;J me;j tpijfis mLj;j Kiw rhFgo
nghd;w gy gaph;fspy; tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fs; bra; a gad; g Lj; j pdh; . ,J jtpu ey; y
gpugykhf cs;sd. bew;gaph;fspYk; tPhpa xl;L brofisj; njh; t [ bra; t jpy; ,aw; i fa[ k ;
,uf';fs; tuj;Jt';fp cs;sd. tPhpa xl;L bey; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ ,aw;ifr]
tpij cw;gj;jp Mz; kyL ('V' thpir)/ Mz; R{H;epiyiaj; jh';fp tsu Koahj brofs;
kyl;Lj; jd;ikiaj; jf;fitj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;ifahfnt mHpe;J tpLfpd;wd. vdnt/
me;je;j R{H;epiyf;F Vw;g jh';fp tsuf;Toa
gaph;fs; kl;Lnk epiyj;J/ ,dg;bgUf;fk;
bra]ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,g;bghGJ rhFgo gug;gst[k;/
ePuhjhu';fSk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. nkYk;/
jl;gbtg;g epiy khWtjhYk;/ ntjp cu';fs;/
g{r;rpf; bfhy;yp kUe;Jfs; gad;gLj;JtjhYk;
R{H;epiy khRgLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ghuhk;ghpa
,uf'; f spd; mtrpak; cHth; f shy;
czug;gl;L tUfpwJ.
ghuk; g hpa ,uf'; f spy; bey; /
gp thpir/ tPhpa xl;L tpij cw;gj;jp bra;tjw;F jhdpag; g aph; f s; / gaWtiffs; vz; b za;
njitahd 'Mh]' thpirfisg; gad;gLj;;jp tpj; J f; f s; mjpfkhf cs; s d. xt; b thU
cUthf; f g; g Ltjhy; tPhpa xl; L cw; g j; j p Fzj;jpw;Fk; jdpj;jdp ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs;
rpf;fyhd bra;Kiwahf cs;sJ. tPhpa xl;L bey;ypy; cs;sd. 'kLKH';fp' vd;w ghuk;ghpa
tpij mjpf tpiy kl;Lky;yhJ Fiwe;j ,ufkhdJ mjpf ePh; nj';Fk; ,l';fspy;
epiyg;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;Ls;sJ. tPhpa xl;L tsuf;ToaJ. fsh; epy';fSf;F fsh; rk;gh
,uf';fs; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l R{H;epiyfspy; tsuf; kw;Wk; cth;epy';fSf;F cth; rk;gh nghd;w
Toaitahft[k;/ mjpf ePh;/ cuj; njit ,uf';fs; cs;sd. nkYk;/ bts;isg] bghd;dp
fisf; bfhz;Ls;sd. nkYk;/ g{r;rp/ neha; (135 taJ ehl;fs;)/ nryk; rk;gh (130 ehl;fs;)/
jhf;Fjy; tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fspy; mjpfk; khg;gps;isr; rk;gh (160 ehl;fs;)/ ePyr; rk;gh (175
fhzg;gL fpd;wd. mjpf tpiya[s;s ,t; ehl;fs;)/ thld; rk;gh (160 ehl;fs;)/ fz;lf
tpijfis xU Kiwf; F nky; kWgoí« rk;gh (130 ehl;fs;)/ rPufr; rk;gh (130 ehl;fs;)/
rhFgof;F gad; fpr; r o rk; g h (130
gLj;j ,ayhJ. ehl; f s; ) / fhilf]
Xt;bthU Kiwa[k; fGj; j d; (155
tPhpa xl; L tpij ehl;fs;)/ g[Gjpf;fhy;
fis tpijf;f (135 ehl;fs;)/ ft[dp

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 31

(160 ehl;fs;) nghd;wit ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; ,Hg;igj; jtph;f;Fk; Kiwfs; ,aw;ifapnyna
MFk;. cs;sd. tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fisr] rhFgo
jkpH; e hl; o y; cs; s rpy ghuk; g hpa bra; a ,ayhj epy'; f spy; / twl; r piaj;
,uf';fspy; fj;jp rk;gh/ kpf;Fuit/ gdkPu jh';Fk; ghuk;ghpa ,d';fs; jhdpak;/ jl;il
rk;gh/ rk;gpyp gphpad;/ brhh;zthhp/ bts;is tpisr;ry; je;J epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. Fiwe;j
rk;gh/ bjha;ky;yp Mfpait jpUbey;ntyp Mdhy; epiyahd tpisr;ry; ve;jr;
khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sd. R{H;epiyapYk; jUk; mjpf tpisr;ry; jUk;
gUbey;Y/ bghpa rk;gh/ brhh;zty;yp/ ,uf';fs; jd;ik btspg;g[w epiyf;Fk; Vw;g
tpuypr;rk;gh nghd;wit kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; khwf;ToaJ. Mdhy;/ bew;gaphpy; fhl;Lahdk;
cs;sd. g{';fhh; behW';fd;/ tug;g[f;Fl";rhd;/ vd;w ghuk;ghpa ,ufk; mjpf tpisr;riyj;
rpj; j piuf; f hh; / fy; Y Uz; i lf; fhu rptg; g [ juf;Toa ,uf';fistpl mjpf rpwe;jJ.
rpj;jpiuf;fhh;/ bts;isr; rpj;jpiuf;fhh]/ ghuk; g hpa ,uf'; f s; g{r; r p/ neha;
FHpaor; r hd; / E}w; W g; g j; J nghd; w it jhf;Fjy; vjph;g;g[j; jpwd; cilait.
twl;rpiaj; jh';fp tsuf;Toait. ,it bghJthf vy;yh ey;y Fz';fisa[k; xnu
,uhkehjg[uk;/ rptf';if khtl;lj;jpy; ,d;Wk; ,ufj;jpy; ghh;g;gJ mhpJ. ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs;

ghuhk;ghpa bey] ,uf';fspd; gad;ghLfs; ....

mhpad rpj;jpiuf;fhh;/ $ph;Fil
fy;Yiuilahs; - ,l;yp/ njhir bra;tjw;F cfe;jJ
fUg;g[ bey; - cth; epy';;fSf;F Vw;wJ
fhl;L rk;gh/ nfhdf;FWit - twl;rpf;F cfe;jJ
khubey; rk;gh - tpijfs; bfh";rk; fodkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mWtil
neuj;jpy; kiH bga;jhYk; Kisg;gjpy;iy
xd;wiw rk;gh - rk;ghit tpl xd;iw kl';F ePsk; cilaJ
g[Gjp rk;gh/ behW';fd;/ g{';fhh;/ - khdhthhp tpijg;g[f;F Vw;wJ
E}w;wpg;gj;J
urflk; - bey; kzpfs; cUz;ilahft[k;/ kpf rpd;dkhft[k;
,Uf;Fk;
jpz;zp - gphpahzp bra;tjw;F Vw;wJ

khdhthhpahf gaphplg; g l; L tUfpd; w d. mjpf taJ/ Fiwe;j tpisr;ry; kw;Wk; mjpf

,tw;wpd; nth;fs; ePiuj;njo kpFe;j MHj;jpy; jl;iliaj; jUk; jd;ik cilait. ,e;j
bry;yf;Toait. ,tw;wpy; broapypUe;J ePh; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fis mjpf tpisr;ry; jUk;
,uf';fSld; xl;L nrh;g;gjhy; vy;yh ey;y
Fz';fis cila g[jpa ,uf';fis
cUthf;fyhk;.
bew;gaphpd; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; gy
rj;Jf;fis cilait. etuh my;yJ $tuh
vd; w ghuk; g hpa ,uf'; f s; kUj; J tf;
Fzj;jpw;fhf nfushtpy; ghyf;fhl;oy; gy

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 32

 ghuk;ghpa cHth;fs; ... ghuk;ghpa nrhs ,uf';fs;
Fl; o nkL b$auhkd; vd; w tptrhap mhpf; f puhtp (150 ehl; f s; )
fhl;Lahzk; vd;w bey;ypd; ghuk;ghpa ,ufj;ijg] bfhl;lhuk; rk;gh (150) J}aky;yp (120)
gaphpl; L tUfpwhh; . " fhl; L ahdk; mhprp " br';FUit (120) FUitf;fitahd;
rhg;ghl;Lf;F ey;y Urpahf ,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; jlit (120) ,it vy;yhnk rpfg;g[ uf mhprp jhd;.
tpij tpijj;jjpy; mtUf;F Vf;fUf;F 15 \l;il ,jpy; ehh; r ; r j; J mjpfk; / kUj; J tf;
fpilj; j J. mLj; j tUlk; 20 \il vd; W FzKk; cilaJ. ,itahita[k;
gog; g oahf cah; e ; J ,g; b ghGJ 30 \l; i l cHth; f s; gaphpl; L tUfpwhh; f s; .
fpilf;fpwJ. jpUbey;ntyp r';fh; "ghuk;ghpa bew;gapUf;F mLj;jgoahf nrhsj;jpy;
,uf';fs;" ,aw;ifnahL xd;wp tsuf;Toait/ mjpf ghuk;ghpa ,d';fs; cs;sd. ,it
,itfis mjw; f hd R{Hypy; tpijj; j hy; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;
njitahdr] rj;Jf;fis kz;zpy; ,Ue;J vLj;J G gUtj;ijr; rhh;e;J tsh;tJ
epiyahd tpisr;ry; jUk;. TLjy; tpisr;ry; G ve;j gUtj;jpYk; tsh;tJ
vd;w xnu fhuzj;Jf;fhfg; gaph; bra;tijtpl ,tw; W s; gUtj; i jr] rhh; e ; J
czt[f;fhf gaph; bra;a ntz;oaJ mtrpak;. tsUk; tifahdJ bjd;nkw;F/
mg;bghGJjhd; tug;nghfpw czt[g; tlfpHf;F gUt kiHiag] gad;gLj;jpf;
g";rj;jpypUe;J ek;ik fhg;ghw;wpf; bfhz;L ey;y tpisr;riyj; juty;yJ.
bfhs;s Koa[k; vd;whh;. bghpa k";rs; nrhsk; vd;w ,ufk;
mjpf taJilaJ/ k";rs; epwKilaJ.
,e; j ,ufk; nfhit/ nryk; / <nuhL
gFjpfspy; rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ. Rthrk;/ khtl;lj;jpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ.
brhpkhdf; nfhshWfisr] rhp bra;tjw;fhf jiytphpr;rhd; nrhsk; mjpf taJ/ rpwe;j fjph;/
etuh gad;gLfpwJ. bts; i sj; jhdpaj; J ld; ntY}h; jh; k g[ h p
khtl;l';fspy; gaphplg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
xhprh khepyj; j py; ' rjpfpah ' vd; w
ghuk;ghpa bey; ,ufj;ij kf;fs; gUtj;ijr] rhuhky; tsUk; nrhs
gy; y hz; L fshf gad; g Lj; J tjhy; k"; r s; tiffs; Fiwe; j taJld; rptg; g [
fhkhiy neha;f;F vjph;g;g[j; jpwd; bgw;wpUf; jhdpa';fis cilaJ. KU';fgl;o ehl;L
fpwhh;fs;. nfushtpy; fpilf;Fk; gy rptg;g[ ,ufk; / ,U'; F nrhsk; / fhf; f h nrhsk;
mhprp ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; mtw;wpd; kUj;Jtf; nghd;wit jkpH;ehl;od; bjd; khtl;l';fspy;
Fz';fshy; Kf;fpakhf fUjg;gLfpd;wd. cs;sJ. ,U';F nrhsj;jpy; mjpf mst[
,e;j mhprp khtpidf; TH; bra;J njhypy; ,Uk;g[ rj;J cz;L. nkYk;/ gwitfshy;
jlt[tjhy; njhy; neha;fs; Fzkilfpd;wd. ,jw;F nrjk; Vw;glhJ.
rpd;d k";rs; nrhsk; vd;w ,ufk;
fle;j tUl';fspy; fhnthp bly;lh Fiwe;j taJld; k";rs; kzpfs; cilaJ.
gFjpiag; bghpa mstpy; rpijj;J nghl;l ,e;j ,ufk; nfhit khtl;lj;jpy; rhFgo
bts;sj;jpy; jhf;Fg] gpof;f Koahky; tPhpa bra; a g; g LfpwJ. nrhsj; j pd; ghuk; g hpa
,uf bew;gaph;fs; tPH;e;J tpl;ld. Mdhy; ,uf';fspy; ey;y rj;Jf;fSld; twl;rpiaj;
,aw;if cHtuhd j";rht{h] ,aw;if cHth; jh';fp tsuf;Toa jd;ik bfhz;lit.
rpj;jh; vd;wth; gad;gLj;Jk; ghuk;ghpa uf
fk;g[g; gaphpy; gy ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs;
bew;gaph;fs; kl;Lk; fk;gPukhf bts;sj;jpYk;
cs;sd. ,tw;Ws; Fs;sd; fk;g[ rpwpa
epd;wd.
kzpfSld; <nuhL khtl; l j; j py; rhFgo

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 33

bra;ag;gLfpwJ. fhl;L fk;g[ rpwpa kzpfSld; fspd; rhFgof;F Fiwe;j ePh;j; njit/ Fiwe;j
<nuhL/ ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; cs;sd. taJ/ g{r;rp neha; jhf;FjYf;F vjph;g;g[jpwd;
mLj;J gaW tiffspy; cSe;J/ ghrpg;gaphpy; bfhz;lit.
ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; mjpfkhf bjd; ,tw; w pd; jl; i l/ fhy; e ilfSf; F
khtl; l j; j py; cs; s r'; f ud; nfhapypy; Kf; f pa czthFk; . FWe; j hdpa'; f spd;
cs;sd. cSe;Jg] gahpy; kpjp cSe;J kpft[k; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; ey;y jl;il tpisr;riyj;
gpugyk;. jl;ilg;gaphpd; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; juf; T oait. nkYk; / fisia vjph; j ; J
cLkiyg; n gl; i l/ <nuhL khtl; l j; j py; ntfkhf tsuf;Toait. ,tw;wpd; tpijfs;
cs;sd. gy tUlk; tiu nrkpj;J itf;fyhk;. Vbddpy;
,jw;f;F Kisg;g[j; jpwd; gy tUl';fs; cz;L.
FWe; j hdpag] gaph; f spd; ghuk; g hpa
nkYk;/ ,jd; tpijfs; g{r;rpfshy;
,uf';fspy; kugpay; ntWghLfs; mjpfk;
jhf;fg;glhJ. nkYk;/ mhprpf;F khw;W czthf
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit rhFgo bra;ag;gLk;
FWe;jhdpa';fs; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
,l';fs; fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epyf;fliyg;gaphpy; jpUr;br';nfhL
jpiz - bjd; k htl; l '; f s; kw; W k; vd;w ghuk;ghpa ,ufk; kpft[k; gpugyk;. ,e;j
kiyg;gh';fhdg] gFjpfs; ,ufk; mjpf taJ cilaJ. glUk;
rhik - jh;kg[hp/ nryk; jd; i kiaf; bfhz; l J. jpUr; b r'; n fhL/
tuF - flY}h;/ tpGg;g[uk; jpUtz;zhkiy kw;Wk; nryk; khtl;l';fspy;
gdptuF - jpUr;rp/ g[Jf;nfhl;il rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ.
Fjpiu thyp - bjd;khtl;l';fs;
jhdpa';fspd; gug;gst[k;/ mtw;iw r\f kug[ t';fpfs; : rpy Fwpg;g[fs;
gw;wpa tpHpg;g[zh;t[k; mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl fha;fwpfspYk;/ gH tiffspYk;
tUfpwJ. kiythH; kf;fspd; Kf;fpa czt[ ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; m';ff ntshz;ik
FWe;jhdpag;gaph;fs; MFk;. kiyg;gFjpapy; Kiw \yk; rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwd.
FWe;jhdpa gaph;fspy; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; tay; kug[ t';fpapy; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs;
cs;sd. mtw;wpy; g[ujk;/ fhy;rpak;/ ,Uk;g[/ ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xU fpuhkj;jpy;
gPl;lhfnuhl;od; nghd;w rj;Jf;fs; mjpfk; cHth; f s; gyh; nrh; e ; J ghuk; g hpa
cs; s J. ehh; r ; r j; J mjpfk; cs; s jhy; ,uf';fisg; ghJfhf;f r\f kug[
t';fpia cUthf;fyhk;. gy epWtd';
,uj;jj;jpy; rh;f;fiuia bkJthf fiuar;
fs; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fspd; ghJfhg;gjpy;
bra; f pwJ. ,jdhy; nfH; t uF rh; f ; f iu
tpUg;gk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j tpijfisr]
nehahspfSf;F cfe;j czthf cs;sJ. nrfhpj;J 8 ypUe;J 5 tpGf;fhl;ow;;F
FWe;jhdpa';fis kht[ bra;J Qhh;ypf;!;/ 0
<ug;gjj;ijf] Fiwj;J fha itj;J 4 br.
gp!;bfl;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gaph; 0
ypUe;J -20 br nrkpj;J itg;gjd; \yk; 10
tUl';fSf;F nky; tpijiag; ghJ
fhf;fyhk;. ,jdhy; xt;bthU gUtKk;
tpijg;gJ jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vg;
bghGbjy;yhk; tpij njitg;gLfpwnjh
mt;tg;nghJ ,e;j tpijfis vLj;J
gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;syhk;. ,g;go ekJ
kugpay; ntWghLfs; cila
ghuk; g hpa/ midj; J gaph;
fisa[k; ghJfhf;fyhk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 34

 vs;Sg;gaphpy; kzpapd; epwk; fUg;g[/ ,Hg; g PL Vw; g l; l J. Mdhy; ghuk; g hpa
gGg;g[ MFk;. vy;yh ,l';fspYk; ,jd; ,uf';fspy; ,jw;F vjph;g;g[j;jpwd; mjpfkhf
ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; cs;sd. bts;is epw cs;sJ.
kzp cila vs; ,ufk; kpft[k; Kf;fpatj;Jtk; jw;bghGJ ,j;jifa Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tha;e;jJ. bts;is vs;spy; vz;bza;r]rj;J tha;e;j ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; mHpe;J bfhz;nl
mjpfk; cs;sJ. bts;is vs;isg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd. ,tw;iw tptrhapfns ghJfhj;J
gy mjpf tpisr; r y; jUk; ,uf'; f s; itf;fKoa[k;. ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fspd;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. nkYk] bts;is vs;spy; tpijfis xt;bthU gUtj;jpYk; tpijj;J
,Ue;J vLf;fg;gLk; vz;bza; btz;ikahf ghJfhj;J itg;gjd; \yk; ,jid ghJfhj;J
,Ug;gjhy; mjpf re;ij tpiy cilaJ. itf;fyhk;. m';ff ntshz;ik (m) ,aw;if
gUj;jpg;gaphpy; 'fU';fz;zp' gUj;jp ntshz;ik vd;w bjhHpy; El;gk; jw;bghGJ
jkpH; ehl;od; bjd;khtl;l';fisj; jhafkhff; gpugykile;J tUfpwJ. ,jpy; cuk;/
bfhz;lJ. mbkhpf;fd; gUj;jpia tpl mjpfk; g{r; r pf; b fhy; y p kUe; J fs; gad; g Lj; j g; g L
g{r; r p / neha; vjph; g ; g [ j ; j pwd; cilaJ. tjpy;iy. ,e;j Kiwapy; ghuk;ghpa
fU'; f z; z p gUj; j papd; juk; mbkhpf; f g] ,uf';fisr] rhFgo bra;ayhk;.
gUj;jpf;F epfuhdJ. ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fspy; jw;bghGJ gy;ntW jd;dhh;t bjhz;L
njitaw;w rpy Fz';fs; ,Ug;gjhy; epWtd'; f s; cHth; f Sf; F ghuk; g hpa
,uf';fisg; ghJfhf;f gapw;rp mspf;fpd;wd.
ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fspd; rpwg;g[fs; cHth; f Sk; j'; f sJ tpijfis ,e; j
G bgUk;ghyhd ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs; epWtd';fspy; j';fsJ bgah/; fpuhkj;jpd;
twl;rp/ Fsph;/ cth;/ fsh; jd;ik/ bgaiuf; Fwpj;J itj;J nrkpj;J itf;fyhk;.
g{r;rp/ neha; vjph;g;g[j; jpwd; vdnt ehk; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fisg;
bfhz;lit ghJfhf; f ntz; o ajd; tpHpg; g [ z h; r ; r pia
G m'; f f ntshz; i kapy; rhFgo cHth; f Sf; F Vw; g Lj; j ntz; L k; . gy
bra;a Vw;wit ,l'; f spy; nrfhpj; J itj; j ghuk; g hpa
G gy;ntW khWgl;l R{H;epiyfspYk; ,uf';fs; xnu nghd;W Fz';fs;
epiyahd kfR{y; jUk; jd; i k cilaitahf ,Uf; f yhk; . ,Ug; g pDk;
cilad xt; b thd; w pYk; rpwpjst[ kugq khw; w k;
G gaph; nkk;ghl;ow;fhfg; gad; ,Uf;fyhk;;. ,jid mtw;wpd; g[wj;jd;ik
gLj;jyhk; caph; / ntjpapay; / \yf; T W jd; i kia
Ma; t jd; \yk; ,jid mwpayhk; .
mitfspYs;s rpwg;g[j; jd;ik/ ntWghl;il
nehpilahf rhFgof;F gad;gLj;j
ghJfhf;f rpwe;j jd;ik cila brofisj;
Koahtpl;lhYk; gaph; nkk;ghl;ow;fhf xl;Lr;
njh;t[ bra;J/ tpijfisr] nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;.
nrh;g;gw;F ,itfisg] gad;;gLj;jyhk;.
,Jnt ehk; tUk; rKjhaj;jpw;F bra;a[k;
kpf mjpfkhf kugpay; ntWghLfs;
kpfg;bghpa bjhz;lhFk;.
btg;g kz;ly ehLfspy; kl;Lnk cs;sd.
cznt kUe;J/ kUe;nj cznt vd;W
,Jnt ekJ tskhFk;. Mdhy;/ tptrhapfs;
,Uf;f ntz;Lbkd;why;/ ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fis
mjpf tpisr;riyj; jUk; ,uf';fis kl;Lnk
nghw;wp ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;. ek; md;whl
jw; b ghGJ rhFgo bra; J tUfpd; w dh; .
cztpYk;/ ,dpnky; ghuk;ghpa ,uf';fs;
,itfs; mjpf tpisr;riyj; je;jhYk; neha;
gpujhd ,lj;ij bgwntz;Lk;. ,aw;ifnahL
vjph; g ; g [ j ; jpwd; ,y; y hky; cs; s d.
xd;wp thH;nthk;* ,aw;ifia fhg;nghk;*
vLj; J f; f hl; l hf bey; J'; f nuhitu!;
jhf; F jyhy; cah; u f ,uf'; f spy; bgUk;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 35

 , e; j pahtpy; gUtkiH mof; f o
fhuz';fs; brhy;yg;gl;ld. njrPa bkhj;j
tUkhdj;jpy; (GDP) ntshz;ikapd; g';fspg;g[
bgha;j;Jg; nghtJ my;yJ fhyk; jtwpg; btFthf Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. jw;nghJ ,jd;
bghHptJ tHf;fkhfptpl;lJ. nkYk;/ gUtkiH g';fspg;g[ 1.5 tpGf;fhL kl;Lnk. ,jdhy;
vg;nghJ bga;a[k; vd;gij Kd; Tl;ona mwpa ntshz;ik rpy tUl';fs; ghjfkhf my;yJ
Koatpy;iy. ,e;jpa fhy epiy epWtdj;jhy; rhjfkhf ,y;yhj epiyapYk;; njrPa bkhj;j
(Indian Meterological Organisation) fle;j gj;J tUkhdk; (GDP) mjpfkhf xd;Wk; ghjpf;fg;
tUl';fspy;/ 2002 Mk; Mz;Lk;/ 2009 Mk; gltpy; i y. Mdhy; / gy tUl'; f shf
Mz;L Mfpa ,uz;L tUl';fspYk; gUt ntshz;ikf;Fk; ntshz;ik my;yhj gpw
kiH bga; t ijf; fzpf; f ,aytpy; i y. bjhHpy;fSf;Fk; ,Ue;;J te;j bjhlh;g[fs;
vdpDk;/ nkhrkhd gUt';fis ,e;jpahtpd; kpft[k; eype;Jtpl;ld. Vbdd;why;/
bghUshjhu epiyapd; kPl;g[j; jd;ika[ld; ntshz;ikapy; <Lgl;L te;j fpuhk kf;fs;
xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ/ kiH Fiwe;J mjpfkhd vz;zpf;ifapy; ntshz;ikaw;w
my; y J bga; a hky; nghdjhy; Vw; g l; l gpw bjhHpy;fspy; <Lgl;L jkJ thH;f;iff;Fj;
tpist[fs; rw;W mjpfkhf ,Ue;jd. ,jdhy;; njitg;gLk; gzj;ij <l;of; bfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
ntshz;ik/ ntshz;ik my;yhj ,juj; nkYk;/ ,J njrPa fpuhkg;g[w cj;jputhj
bjhHpy;fs; fpuhk bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapy; ntiy tha;g;g[j; jpl;lj;jpd; (National Rural
tsh;r;rpapd;ikiaf] fhl;lbjhl';fpa[s;sd. Employment Guarantee Scheme) \yk; cWjp
bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
fle;j Kg;gJ Mz;Lfis xg;gpLk;
nghJ 2009-2010 Mk; Mz;oy; kpff;Fiwe;j ,J jtpu murh';fk; Vw;gLj;jp tUfpd;w
kiH bga; j pUe; j hYk; / njrPa bkhj; j gy khw;Wj; jpl;l';fshy; fpuhk kf;fspd;
tUkhdj; j py; (Gross Domestic Products) th';Fk; jpwDk; (Purchasing Power)
bjhHpw;rhiyfspd; bkhj;j cw;gj;jp tUkhdk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. nkYk;/ ,J ntshz;ikj;
(Industrial GDP) 9.3 tpGf;fhL cah;e;Js;sJ.

ntshz;ikapy; 2004-2005 kw;Wk; 2008-

2009 Mk; Mz;oy; nghJkhd mstpy; cw;gj;jp
,y;iy vd;whYk; Tl ntshz;ik my;yhj gpw
bjhHpy;fs; \yk; fpilj;;j bkhj;j tUkhdk;
tsh;r;rp Kiwna 9.5 kw;Wk; 7.8 tpGf;fhlhf
,Ue;jd.

ntshz;ikapy; gpd;dilt[ Vw;gl;L

mjdhy; tpise;j bghUshjhu tPH;r;rpf;F gy

Kidth; kh. Rg;gpukzpad;

Kd;dhs; Muha;r;rp ,af;Feh;
ÃV«VxïD ïVâ|D Ãòk\çw
jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 36

bjhHpYf;F rhjfkpy;yhj fhy';fspy; kpft[k; cs;sJ vd;W mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk;/ ,J
gaDs;sjhf cs;sJ. ntfkhf tsh;e;J tUk; gpw bjhHpy;
tsh;r;rpf;Fk; kpft[k; njitahdjhf cs;sJ
ntshz;ik kw;Wk; mjidr; rhh;e;j vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghf fpuhkg;
tsh;r;rp khwptUk; gUtkiHahy; ghjpf;fg; bghUshjhu tsh;r;rp Ru';fj; bjhHpy; (Mine)
gl;lhYk; ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; ghjpg;g[ mt; rk;ge;jg; gl;ltw;wpd; cw;gj;jp tsh;r;rpf;F 2004-
tsthf ,y; i y. 2009-2010Mk; Mz; o y; 2005 Mk; Mz;L mspj;j g';F 66 tpGf;fhL
tHf;fkhfg; bgWk; gUt kiHia tpl 23 vd;Wk;/ ,J 1999-2000 Mk; Mz;L g';fspg;ghd
tpGf; f hL Fiwthf kiH bga; J s; s J . 44 tpGf;fhl;ilf; fhl;oYk; mjpfk; vd;Wk;
,jdhy;/ 0.2 tpGf;fhL kl;Lnk ntshz; mwpag; g l; L s; s J. nkYk; / czt[ t pLjpfs;
tsh]r]rp fhzg;gl;lJ. ntshz;ik ntWgl;;l (Hotels) rpw; W z; o r; r hiyfs; (Restaurants)
Kiwfspy; (Diversification of Agriculture) KjyPL Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; fpuhk tsh;r;rpapd; 1999-2000
bra;jjhYk;/ Fsph;fhyg; gaph;fspy; (Winter Mk; Mz;L g';fspg;g[ 27 tpGf;fhl;il xg;gpLk;
Crops) mjpf cw;gj;jp fz;ljhYk; ,e;j rpwpa nghJ 2004-2005 Mk;; Mz;L g';fspg;g[ 41
tsh;r;rp fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;;/ 2009-2010 Mk; tpGf;fhlhf cah;e;Js;sJ. ,nj nghd;W
Mz;oy;; ,e;jpahtpd; bkhj;j czt[ jhdpa nghf;Ftuj;J bjhlh;ghditfspy; fpuhkg;
cw;gj;jp Fiwe;jpUe;jhYk;/ njhl;l gaph;fspd; bghUshjhu tsh; r ; r papd; g'; F cah; e ;
cw;gj;jp mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. jpUf;fpwJ vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

fpuhkg; bghUshjhu Kd;ndw;wj;jpy; Fiwe;j mst[ my;yJ fhyk; jtwpg;

ntshz;ikapd; g';F gw;wp Muha[k; nghJ/ rpy bga;j gUtkiHapdhy; Vw;gl;l fpuhkg;g[w
10 Mz; L fSf; F Kd; g [ ,Ue; j J nghy/ tsh; r ; r papd; jhf; f j; j pdhy; jhdpapa'; f p
fpuhkg;g[w bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;F ntsh thfd';fs; (Auto Vehicles) Fwpg;ghf ,uz;L
z;ik mtrpak; vd;w nfhl;ghL xj;Jg;nghf rf;fu thfd';fs; (Mopeds) tpw;gid 2009-
tpy;iy vd;W vz;zj;njhd;WfpwJ. njrPa 2010Mk; Mz;oy; kpf mjpfkhfp cs;sJ vd;W
bkhj; j tUkhdj; j pw; F 2004-2005 Mz; L mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.
ntshz; i kapd; g'; f spg; g [ 19 tpGf; f hL
kl; L nk. ,J 1993-94y; fzf; f plg; g l; L s; s ,';F nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l bghUshjhu
30tpGf;fhl;il tpl kpft[k; Fiwt[. Mdhy; Ma;tpd; go ntshz;ikj; bjhHpy; ,dp xU
me; j tUl'; f spy; fpuhkg; bghUshjhu nghJk; fpuhkg;g[w bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;F
tsh;r;rpapd; \yk; njrPa bkhj;j tUkhdj; xj;jjpy;iy vd;Wk; njrPa bkhj;j tUkhdj;
jpw; F fpilj; j g'; f spg; g [ 50 tpGf; f hl; o jpw;F (GDP) ntshz;ikj; bjhHpy; \yk;
ypUe;J(1993-96) 48 tpGf;fhL (2004-2005) vd;w fpilf;Fk; g';iff; fhl;oYk; gpw bjhHpy;fs;
mstpw; F kl; L nk Fiwe; J fhzg; g l; l J. \yk; fpilf; F k; g'; F kw; W k; fpuhkg;
,jpypUe; J fpuhkg; bghUshjhu tsh; r ; r p bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; \yk; fpilf;Fk;
ntshz;ik tsh;r;rpiatpl mjpfkhf cs;sJ g';Ffs; mjpfk; vd;W Twg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;
vd;gJ bjspthfj; bjhpfpwJ. \yk; ntshz;ikj; bjhHpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Fiwa[nkh vd;w Iag;ghL vGe;Js;sJ
mz;ikapy; kj;jpa g[s;sp tptu cz;ik.
epWtdj;jpd; (Central Statistical Organisation) bkhHpbgah;g;g[
tptug;go fpuhkg; bghUshjhu tsh;r;rp ntfkhf ed;wp : : gp!pd!; Lnl ($Pd; 2010)

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 37

 \«ºïÓD ...
ç\ªVÂïÓD!...
bg. Qhpjh!;
ntshz;ik cjtp ,af;Feh;
gz;Ul;o
fpuhk';fs; vd;why;/ tPLfs;/ jPtpu tptrhak; thdk; ghh; j ; J
tptrha epy'; f s; / ku'; f spy; tpise;j g{kpapypUe;j ku';fis btl;o fpzW
TLfs;/ TLfspy; bghe;Jfspy; btl;o/ ,witg;ghrd tptrhakhf khw;wpaJ.
ikdhf;fs;/ fhf';fs;/ fpspfs;/ g[whf;fs;/ ku';fSk;/ Fiwe;jJ/ g{kpapy; epyj;jo
ku'; b fhj; j pfs; vd gytif gwitfs; ePh; k l; l Kk; Fiwe; J bfhz; n l tUfpwJ.
Tl; l khf ,Ue; j d. md; W epyk; vd; w hy; ePh;kl;lk; Fiwaf; Fiwa fpzWfs;/ FHha;
ku';fs;/ capUs;s epy';fs;. ,d;W kukpy;yh fpzWfshf khwpd. gpd;dh; FHha; fpzWfs;
epy';fs;/ caphpy;yh epy';fs;. ehd; Ik;gJ MH;FHha; fpzWfshf E}wpypUe;J Mapuk;
Mz;LfSf;F Kd;djhf gpwe;j fpuhkj;jpd; moahf khwpf;bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.
epiyia vz;zpg;ghh;f;fpnwd;. MH; f ; F Hha; fpzWfspd; vz; z pf; i fa[ k ;
mg;nghJ/ xU Vf;fh; epyk; vd;why; tug;g[ mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
Xu';fspy; xd;nwh xd;Wf;F nkw;gl;l ku';fnsh jPtpu tptrhak; g{r;rp g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;
,Ue;jd.mJ gyd;jUk; kh/ gyh/ g[spahfnth/ gLj; j ,urhad tp#'; f is gad; g Lj; j
tPLfl;l kuk; jUk; ntk;g[/ gidkuk;/ g{tuR/ ntz;oa[s;sJ. kUe;joj;j taypy; ,we;j
ntykuk; my;yJ \';fpy; g[jnuh ,Ue;jd. g[Gf;fisj; jpd;w ikdhf;fs;/ fhf';fs;/
nkYk;/ tpwFjUk; bghUr;rp/ thjehuhazd;/ FUtp ,d';fs; mHpe;J bfhz;nl tUfpd;wd.
J}';F\";rp/ thif ku';fnsh ,Uf;Fk;. me;j xU';fpize;j gaph;ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfisf;
ku';fspy; ikdhf;fs;/ FUtpfs;/ fpspfs; vd ifahz;L/ ',urhad tp#';fis' ,Wjpfl;l
gy;ntW gwitfs; Tl;lkhf ,Ue;jd. jPh;thf ifahS';fs;.
nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; gs;spg;gUtj;jpy;
fhiyapy; gs;spf;Fg; g[wg;gLk; gs;spf;
fhiyapy; vGe;jt[ld; ku';fspd; fPnH jhnd
FHe; i jfspd; ifapy; md; W gH'; f nsh/
gGj;J tpGe;J fplf;Fk; khk;gH';fs;/ gdk;
tWj; j jhdpa'; f nsh ,aw; i f czthf
gH';fisg;/ bghWf;fp Urpj;Jf; bfhz;nl tPL
fpilj;jJ. ,d;nwh/ gp!;fl;/ rhf;yl;/ tUty;fs;
jpUk;g[nthk;. fhiyg; bghGij ,dpikahf;f
vd jahhpg; g [ gz; l '; f Sld; FHe; i jfs;
gs;spbaGr;rpf;F tPl;ony nrty;fs; Tt[k;/
gs;spf;Fr; bry;tijf; fhz;fpnwhk;.
ku';fspny Fapy;fs; Tt[k;/ gpw gwitfs;
ghLk; . tpHpg; g [ f ; F bry; n ghd; kzp md; n wh tPl; o ypUf; F k;
njitapy;iy. fpzw; w pypUe; J fapWbfhz; L ePh;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 38

,iwj;J Fspf;ft[k;/ Fof;ft[k;/ rikaYf;Fk;/ g[jh; vd tPLfl;lt[k;/ gzk; bfhHpf;ft[k; cjt[k;
Jzp Jitf; f t[ k ; / ghj; j pu'; f s; fGtt[ k ; ku';fs;. fUnty;/ bts;nty;/ <l;o/ rt[z;ly;/
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. epyj;jo ePh; khR gltpy;iy. thif thjehuhazd;/ g[';fd;/ bfhLf;fhg;g[sp
mr;rkpd;wp midj;jpw;Fk; xnu ePh; gad;gl;lJ. vd tpwF/ fhy;eil jPtdk; jUk; ku tiffis
,d;nwh/ Mz;Lf;F xU mof;Fnky; ePh; elyhk;.
kl;lk; fiwe;J/ fpzw;wpny ePh; ,y;iy vd;w vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; khw;W cz;L vd;w
epiy. nfhilapy; ePnu ,y;ynt ,y;iy vd;w epajp ,Ue;jhYk;/ kuj;jpw;Fk; jhtu';fSf]Fk;
epiy. FoePUf;F kpduy; thl;lh;/ my;yJ khw;W vd;gJ ,y;yhj xd;whf cs;sJ. vy;yh
Rj;jpfhpg;g[ fUtp bfhz;L toj;j jz;zPh;/ caphpd';fSf;Fk;/ Rthr fhw;wpd; ghJfhg;g[k;/
rikaYf;F FHha; jz;zPh;/ ryitf;Fk;/ czt[g;ghJfhg;g[k; Rw;Wr;RHy; ghJfhg;g[k;/
ghj; j pu'; f s; fGtt[ k ; / Fspf; f t[ k ; FHha; kuj;jhtu';fspd; tsj;jpy; jhd; cs;sJ.
fpzw;iwa[k; ek;gntz;oa epiy. ku';fs; bra;a[k; g[dpjg; gzpfis mstpl
jPtpu tptrhak;/ efukakhjy;/ ,ayhJ.
epy';fs; kidfshf khWtjhy;/ ,Uf;fpd;w kz;zpw;F kuk; mHF/ kuk; ,Ue;jhy;
ku';fs; btl;lg;gLfpd;wd. mjdhy;/ jw;nghJ kiH fpilf;Fk;. kiH fpilj;jhy; ePh; tsk;
xU Vf; f h; tay; vd; w hy; / xU kukhtJ nkkg;Lk.; jhtu tsk; bgUFk/; gt
[ p NlhFjiyj;
,Uf;fntz;Lk;. kuk; ,y;yhj tay; jzpf;f cjt[k;; Rw;Wr;NHiyg;; ghJfhf;f
caphpy;yhj cly; nghd;wJ. kuk; kz;zpy; cjt[k;.
jiH cuk; nrh;j;J kz;tsk; ghJfhf;Fk;.
epiwa epyKs;nshh; njhg;ghf
gwitfs; j';f ,lkspf;Fk;. fdpfs; jUk;.
ku';fis elntz;Lk;. epyKs;nshh; tug;g[
fhy;eilfSf;F jPtdk; jUk;. tPLfl;l kuk;
Xu';fspy; elntz;Lk;. tPl;ow;F xU kuk;/ xU
jUk;/ \';fpy; kuk; Milf;F njitahd
Vf; f h; epyj; j pw; F xU kuk; vd; w epiy
bkd;g";R E}y; ,iH jUk;.
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czt[/ cil/ ,Ug;gplk; vd vy;yh ku';fis elt[k; guhkhpf;ft[k;/ epjp cjtp
thH;thju';fisa[k; ms;spj; jUk; ku';fis bra;J/ eLnthUf;F cWJizahf ntz;Lk;.
btl;o tay;fis eph;\ykhf;fp tUfpnwhk;. kdKs;nshh; kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; ku';fis
ku';fs; ,y;iynay; kiH ,y;iy/ epyj;jo btl;Ltijf] Fiwj;J/ ku';fSf;F khw;whf
ePUk; ,y;iy/ gwitfs; ,y;iy/ Rfhjhukhd cnyhf';fs;/ gpsh!;of; bghUl;fs;/ rpbkz;L
fhw;W ,y;iy/ g{kp NlhFtjhy; vjph; bfhs;s mikg;g[fisf] fl;Lkhd';fSf;F gad;gLj;j
ntz;oa rthYf;F khw;W ,y;iy vd;w epiy Kd;tuntz;Lk;.
Vw;gLk;.
kukpy;iynay;/ kdpjh;fSf;Fk;/
taYf; F xU kuk; eLnthk; . mJ caphpd';fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;g[ ,y;iy vd;gij
c';fSf;F gpoj;j/ kz; tiff;F Vw;w ve;j xU czh;j;jntz;oa fhyj;jpy; ehk; cs;nshk;.
kukhft[k; ,Uf;fyhk;.
gyh/ kh/ g[sp/ vYkpr;ir/ bey;yp/
rg;nghl;lh/ rhj;Jf;Fo/ ehty;/ bfha;ah vd fdp
jUk; ku';fs; ntk;g[/ njf;F/ g{tuR/
br";re;jdk;/ re;jdk;/ FkpH;/ nt';if/ \';fpy;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 39

ïòDA ¼ÄVçï ÖBuçï Kidth; ,uh. #Pgh $h!;kPd;

c«D Kidth; m. jpUKUfd;

Kidth; ,uh.rP. g[Un#hj;jkd;
ïa¡D ïVÄVzD.... fUk;g[ Muha;r;rp epiyak;
nkyhyj;J}h; - 635 806

gRikg; g[ul;rpf;Fg; gpd; gaph; tsh;g;g[ fpilf;fpd;wJ. jw;nghJ fpilf;Fk; fUk;g[r;

nrhifapd; xU gFjp bty;yk; fha;r;Rtjw;F
Kiw ,urhad Kiwf;F khwpa[s;sJ. mjpf vhpbghUshft[k;/ Foirapd; Tiufis
tpisr;riyg; bgw gy;ntWg;gl;l ,urhad nta;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;
cu';fs;/ g{r;rp/ g{rzf; bfhy;ypfis kz;zpy; bgUk;gFjp fUk;g[ nrhif/ fUk;g[ mWtilf;F
,l; L tUfpnwhk; . ,it kz; z py; cs; s gpd; tay;fspy; itj;J vhpf;fg;gl;L
Ez;qaphpfis mHpg;gnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; tPzof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fUk;g[ taypy;/ itj;J
kz; z pd; tsj; i jg; ghjpf; f pd; w d. kz; vhpg;gjdhy; nrhif kl;Lk; vhpe;J
tsj;ij nkk;gLj;jt[k;/ kz;zpy; cs;s tPzhtjpy;iy. nrhifapy; cs;s jiHr;
Ez;qaphpfis Cf;fg;gLj;jt[k; ,aw;if rj;Jk;/ fe;jfr; rj;Jk; vhpf;fg;gl;L tha[thf
ahd Kiwapy; fpilf;Fk; cu';fshd bjhG
khw;wg;gl;L fhw;wpy; fye;J tpiuakhtJld;
cuk;/ kz; g[G cuk;/ bjd;id ehh]f;fHpt[[ cuk;/
nrhifapy; cs;s m';ffg;bghUl;fs; vhpe;J
fUk;g[ nrhif ,aw;if cuk; Mfpatw;iw
tPzhfp tha[ kz;lyj;jpy; fhpakpy tha[t[k;/
epyj;jpw;F ,l ntz;Lk;.
g[ifa[k; btspnaw;wg;gl;L fhw;W kz;lyk;
,aw;ifapy; fpilf;Fk; vUf;fshd
bjhG cuk; / jiH vU/ khl; L r; r hzk; / btg;gkhtJld; fhw;W kz;lyKk;/ Rw;Wr;
Ml;Lr;rhzk; Mfpatw;wpd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; RHYk; khRgLfpd;wd. nrhif vhpf;fg;gLk;
nghjpa mst[ ,tw;iw epyj;jpw;F ,l nghJ 600-800oC bry;ypa!; btg;gk; btspah
Kotjpy;iy. ,jdhy; kz;zpy; m';ffg; fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kz;zpy; cs;s kz;g[Gf;
bghUl;fspd; mst[ Fiwe;J gaph; tpisr;rYk; fSk;/ yl;rf;fzf;fhd Ez;qaph;fSk; brj;J
ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. kofpd;wd. ,jdhy; kz;zpd; tsk; bghpJk;
tpisr;riy mjpfhpf;ft[k; kz; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fUk;g[j; J}h;fspd; Kis
tsj;jpidg] ghJfhf;ft[k; VjhtJ xU fs; fUfptpLtjhy; kWjhk;g[g; gaphpy;
tifapy; ,aw; i f vUit epyj; j pw; F fUk;g[fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J tpisr;ry;
,lntz;oa fl;lhaj;jpy; cs;nshk;. ntshz; ,Hg;g[k; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. nkYk;/ ,Uk;g[r;rj;J
cw; g j; j papy; mjpfkhf fpilf; f Toa gw;whf;Fiwa[k; mjpfhpj;J tpLfpd;wJ.
fHpt[ f shd bjd; i d ehh; f ; f Hpt[ / fUk; g [ ,j;Jld; fUk;g[ taypd; tug;gpy; cs;s
nrhif nghd;wtw;iwr] rpwe;j ,aw;if vUthf bjd;id/ thiH nghd;w ku';fSk; fUfp
khw;wp epyj;jpw;F ,l Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;. tpLfpd;wJ. Mfnt fUk;g[r; nrhifia xU
fUk; g [ nrhifapypUe; J ,aw; i f vU rpwe;j ,aw;if cukhf khw;Wtjd; \yk;
jahhpf;Fk; Kiw ,aw;if vU jl;Lg;ghl;ilf; Fiwg;g
fUk;g[ taypy; mWtil bra;ag;gLk; njhly;yhky; gy jug;gl;l ghjpg;g[fisa[k; ehk;
fUk;gpd; vilapy; 10-20 rjtPjk; fUk;g[ nrhif jtph;f;fyhk;. vdnt/ fUk;g[ gaph]r] rhFgo
fpilf;Fk;. mjhtJ 100 ld;fs; fUk;g[ tpisa[k; bra;a[k; tptrhapfs; ,ijf] fUj;;jpy; bfhz;L/
epyj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ 10 ld;fs; msthtJ fUk;g[ rpukk; ghh;f;fhky; fUk;g[ nrhifia vhpg;gij
nrhif fpilf;Fk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; xU tUlj;jpy; jtph;j;J mij rpwe;j ,aw;if cukhf khw;wp
2.4 kpy;ypad; ld;fs; mstpy; fUk;g[ nrhif cw;gj;jpiag] bgUf;f ntz;Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 40

fUk;g[ nrhif cuk; jahhpf;Fk; tHpKiwfs; nrhif njitg;gLk;. gpwF ,t;thW gug;gpa
bghJthf 100 ld;fs; fUk;g[ tpisa[k; fUk;g[ nrhifapd; kPJ 100 fpnyh gpu!;kl;
epyj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;jJ 10 ld;fshtJ fUk;g[ vdg;gLk; fUk;ghiy mGf;if gug;gp
nrhif fpilf;Fk;. 10 ld;fs; fUk;g[ nrhif tplntz;Lk;. mjd; kPJ uhf;gh!;ngl;; 2 fpnyh/
kf;f itf;f fPH;f;fhqk; bghUl;fs; mtrpak;. $pg; r k; 2 fpnyh/ a{hpah 1 fpnyh fye; j
1. fUk;g[ nrhif - 10 ld;fs; cuf;fyitapidj; J}t ntz;Lk;. ,jd; gpwF
2. fUk;g[ Miy 5 fpnyh kz;/ 5 fpnyh khl;Lr; rhzk; kw;Wk; 5
mGf;F (gpu!;kl;) - 10 ld;fs; fpnyh kf;fpa Fg;ig Mfpa \d;iwa[k; 100
3. a{hpah - 100 fpnyh ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fye;J fiuryhf;fpf] fUk;g[
4. $pg;rk; - 200 fpnyh nrhifa[k;/ fUk;ghiy mGf;Fk; eida[k;go
5. uhf;gh!;ngl; - 200 fpnyh bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW fUk;g[r;nrhif/
6. khl;Lr;rhzk; - 500 fpnyh fUk; g hiy mGf; F / cuf; f yit/ kz; /
7. kf;fpa Fg;ig - 500 fpnyh khl;Lr;rhzk;/ Fg;igf;fiury; Mfpatw;iwg;
8. kz; - 500 fpnyh gad;gLj;jp xU kPl;lh; cauk; tiu mLf;fp tu
9. jz;zPh; - njitahd mst[ ntz; L k; . filrp mLf; f pd; kPJ kz; /
fUk;g[ nrhifia fk;ngh!;l; bra;tjw;F fUk;ghiy mGf;F ,uz;ila[k; 1 : 1 vd;w
Kjypy; ,lj;ijj; njh;e;bjLj;Jf; bfhs;s tpfpjj;jpy; fye;J 5 br.kP cauj;jpw;F ,l;L
ntz;Lk;. fUk;g[ taypd; xU \iyapnyh \otpl;L Ftpay; ed;F eida[k;go jz;zPh;
my;yJ cHth;f;F brsfhpakhd ,lj;ijnah bjspj;J tuntz;Lk;. Ftpay; <ukhf ,Ue;jhy;
kz; btl;o bfhz;L brJf;fpr] rkg;gLj;jp 7 jhd; Ez;qaph;fs; bgUfp/ nrhif kf;FtJ
kPl; l h; ePsk; / 3 kPl; l h; mfyk; bfhz; l tpiuthFk;. \d;W khj';fs; Koe;jt[ld;/ kz;
gFjpfshf gphpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. FHp btl; o f; b fhz; L Ftpaiy btl; o g; g phpj; J
btl;o fk;ngh!;l; bra;a[k; Kiw rpwe;j Kiw nrhifiaa[k; fUk;ghiy mGf;ifa[k; ed;F
vd;whYk;/ FHp btl;Ltjpy; rpukk; ,Ug;gjhYk;/ fye; J kPz; L k; Ftpayhf; f ntz; L k; .
bryitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhft[k; FHp Kiwapy; Xustpw;F kf;fp ,Uf;Fk; nrhifia nkYk;
fk;ngh!;l; bra;tJ jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ed; F kf; F tjw; F ,t; t hW fyf; f p tpl
Kjypy; 7 x 3 kPl;lh; gug;gst[ ,lj;jpy; ntz;Lk;. nkYk;/ ,uz;L khj';fSf;F thuk;
Rkhh; 15 br.kP cauj;jpw;F fUk;g[ nrhifia xU Kiw Ftpay; ed;F eida[k;go jz;zPh;
gug;g ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F Rkhuhf 100 fpnyh fUk;g[ bjspj;J tuntz;Lk;. Ie;jhtJ khj ,Wjpapy;
nrhif ed;F kf;fp xU Cl;lnkwpa fk;ngh!;l;
fUk;g[ nrhif cuk; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; vUthf khwp ,Uf;Fk;.
xU vf;lh; epyj;jpypUe;J fpilf;Fk;
bghJthf xU vf;lh; epyj;jpypUe;J
nrhifia fk;ngh!;l; bra;a bkhj;jk; +.2500
fpilf;Fk; fUk;g[r; nrhifapy; ,Ue;J tiu brythFk;. xU vf;lh; epyj;jpypUe;J
jahh; bra;ag;gLk; fk;ngh!;l; cuk; xU fpilf;Fk; nrhifa[k; fUk;ghiy mGf;Fk;
vf; l h; kWjhk; g [ fUk; g [ g ; g apUf; F nrh;j;J Fiwe;jJ 10 Kjy; 12 ld;fs; mstpw;F
nghJkhdjhFk;. ,e;j fUk;g[r; nrhif fk;ngh!;l; cuk; fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j vUtpd; kjpg;g[
fk;ngh!;l; vUitg; gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ/ +.15/000 nky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thW fUk;g[ nrhif
Rz;zhk;g[/ kf;dPrpak; fe;jfk; kw;Wk; fk;ngh!;l; cuj;jpidj; jahh; bra;J ,Ltjd;
Ez;q}l;lr; rj;Jf;fshd ,Uk;g[/ \yk; kz; tsk; fhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gaphpd;
kh';fdPR/ Jj;jehfk;/ jhkpuk;/ nghuhd; tpisr;ry; TLfpd;wJ. Rw;Wr;R{Hy; ghJfhf;fg]
kw;Wk; khypl;odk; nghd;wtw;iw gapUf;F gLfpd;wJ.
,lntz;oa mtrpakpUf;fhJ. fk;ngh!;l; ,aw;if cukpLnthk;; kz; tsk;
b ra; t jw; f hfg ; gad; g Lj; â a fhg;nghk; ;
uhf; n gh!; n gl; kw; W k; a{hpah nghd; w tpisr;riyg; bgUf;Fnthk; !
,urhad cu';fis fUk;g[ gapUf;F
,lntz; o a cumstpy;
Fiwj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 41

 eh';f g[Jrh fj;Jfpl;nlhk; ……

bjhHpy; Kidnthh ;gf;fk;

¤jhny ïÅ¡ F«!

Ãid

c‹dj
czî¥ bghUŸfŸ...
mz;ikapy; g[Jr;nrhp
,UtUk; FLk;gj; jiytpfs;.
bjhHpy; Kidnthuhf ,d;W bea;ntyp
M';fpnyh gpbu";R kpy; ikjhdj;jpy; gFjp kf;fspd; be";rj;ij ,dpf;f itf;Fk;
10.10.2010 md;W eilbgw;w cd; d j czt[ g ; bghUs; bjhHpy;
ntshz;ikj; jpUtpHhtpy; ,lk; bgw;w Kidnthuhf khwpa[s;s 'b$ak;nQhk;nkl;
bjhHpy; Kidnthh; mu';F xd;wpd] g[uhlf;l;!;' ,a';fp tUk; bea;ntyp Mu;r;nfl;
Kd;ghf Vf Tl;lk;… ghh;it gFjp ,e;jpuh efh;/ kid vz; 122I
ahsh; f Sf; F Ritf; f f; bfhLj; j mqfpanghJ md;g[ld; tuntw;wdh; ,UtUk;.
CWfha;/ $hk;/ gHurk; vd rhg;gplg; tuntw;giwapy; mkh;e]jt[ld; gHr;rhW
ghh;itahsh;;fs; bghUl;fis th';fpf; tUfpwJ. Foj;j cld; ,d;Dk; bfh";rk;
bfhz;oUf;f... ehKk; Mirg;gl;L if jukhl;lhh;fsh vd;W nfl;fj; J}z;Lk; Rit…
ePl; l ... ekf; F k; CWfha; / $hk; i k ,e; j epWtdj; j py; gzpahw; W k;
Ritf;ff] bfhLj;jdh; me;j mu';fpy; bgz;fs; gyh; gzpapy; Mh;tj;Jld;
,Ue;j ,U bgz;fs;. gzpahw;wpaij ghh;itapl;l nghJ 'gHurk';/
th';fp rhg;gpl;l ekf;F ,d;Dk; ' $hk; ' / ' bghofs ' ; / ' buokpf; ! ; ' vd j'; f s;
bfh";rk; nfl;fJ}z;Lk; Rit… jahhpg;g[f;fis mLf;fp ek; Kd; itj;j Mh;.
,t;tst[ Ritah jahhpj;jJ VjhtJ Rfe;jp ngrj; bjhl';fpdhh;. "ehd;/ ,uz;L
g[fH;bgw;w epWtdkh ,Uf;Fk; vd;w FHe;ijfs;/ fzth; vd msthd FLk;gk;
epidg;g[ld; mu';fpd; Kfg;igg; v';fSilaJ. vd;idg; nghynt vd;njhHp V.
ghh; f ; f …. ' tpUj; j hryk; ntshz; rPj;jhbyl;Rkpf;Fk; ,uz;L FHe;ijfs;. eh';f
mwptpay; epiyak;' vd;w bgah; ,Ue;jJ ,uz;L ngUk; MSf;F Mapuk; +gha; nghl;L
ekf;F ,d;g mjph]r]rp. tpw;gid bra;J czt[g; bghUl;fis Vnjh v';fSf;F bjhp";r
te;j bgz;fis mqfp ,ij jahhpj;j Kiwapny br";R tpw;gid bra;J te;njhk;.
epWtdj;jpd; Kfthpiaf; nfl;l nghJ Kiwahd gapw;rp vLj;jh ey;yh ,Uf;Fnkd;D
"eh';fjh';f" vd gjpy; te;jJ. gjpy; eh';f tpUk;gpndhk;. mg;g fle;j ork;gh; khj
brhy; y pa Fuy; f Sf; F brhe; j f; jpdrhpapny tpUj;jhryk; ntshz; mwptpay;
fhuh;fs; bea;ntyp lt[d; #pg; gFjpiar; epiyaj;Jy 21 ehs; gapw;rp bfhLf;fg; nghtjh
nrh; e ; j ' b$ak; nQhk; n kl; g[ l ; bjhp";R gjpt[ bra;J gapw;rp vLj;Jfpl;nlhk;.
g[uhlf;l;!;' vd;w epWtdj;ij elj;jp gapw;rpf;F nghfpw tiuf;Fk; Vnjh gapw;rpd;D
tUk; Mh;. Rfe;jpa[k;/ V. rPj;jhbyl;Rkp jhd; ,Ue; n jhk; . Mdh nghdgpwF jhd;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 42

bjhp";RJ me;j gapw;rp v';f thH;f;ifna Mapuk; +gha; nghl;L Muk;gpr;r ,e;j bjhHpy;
khj; j g; nghFJd; D czuKoe; j J" vd ,d;idf;F ntiyahl;fSf;F Typ/ fkp#d;
epWj;jpdhh;. nghf v';f ,uz;L ngUf;Fk; khjk; 10/000
rPj;jhbyl;Rkp bjhlh;e;Jg; ngRifapy; fpilr;rpl;L ,Uf;F. mz;ikapny nfhitapy;
",e;j gapw;rpapny kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l czt[g; ele;j mf;hp ,d;blf;!; 2010 fz;fhl;rpapy;
bghUl;fisj; jahhpf;Fk; Kiwfisg; gj;jp ehd;F ehspy; kl;Lk; +gha; 50/000 mst[f;F
,Ugj;jpnahU ehSk; bra;Kiw gapw;rpnahl v';fs; bghUl;fs; tpw;gidahfpa[s;sJ" vd
brhy;yp je;jh';f. $hk;/ b$y;yp/ cldo Fsph; bgUik bgh';f TWfpd;wdh; rPj;jhbyl;Rkpa[k;
gHurghdk;/ gy;ntW fha;fspypUe;J CWfha;/ Rfe;jpa[k;.
krhyhg; bghUl;fs;/ rj;Jkht[fs;/ kpl;lha; "mz;ikapy; j";rht{hpy; bray;gl;L
,d;Dk; gy ngf;fhp czt[g; bghUs; jahhpf;Fk; tUk; ,e;jpa gjd;bra; Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy;
Kiwfis mwptpay; Kiwg;go Kiwahf ele;j gapw;rpf;F brd;W te;j gpwF mth;fs;
vspikah brhy;yp je;jh';f" vd;whh;. czt[g; bghUl;fisg; ghJfhg;ghf ngf;fp';
gapw;rpapy; fw;Wf; bfhz;l mDgtj;ij bra;a[k; bjhHpy; El;g';fisa[k;/ jur;rhd;W
Rfe;jp tpthpf;Fk; nghJ "btWk; jahhpg;g[ bgw; w gpsh!; o f; / fz; z ho ghl; o y; f is
Kiwfis kl;Lky;yhky; ey;y gH';fs;/ kl; L nk gad; g Lj; j p tUtJ Fwpj; j
fha; f wpfs; / bghofSf; f hd jhdpa tif tpHpg;g[zh;it bgw;nwhk;. mth;fs; tHp
fisj; njh;e;bjLj;jy; ePz;l ehs; fha;fwpg; fhl;Ljypd;gona jur;rhd;W bgw;w ngf;fp';
gH'; f isg; ghJfhj; j y; / jahhpf; f g; g Lk; bghUs; f isna gad; g Lj; j p tUfpnwhk; "
vd;wdh;. tsh;e;J tUk; czt[g; ghJfhg;g[
czt[g; bghUl;fs; bflhky; ePz;l ehl;fSf;F
nehf; f py; ,th; f s; bray; g LtJ ghuhl; l
,Uf;f cjt[k; ntjpg; bghUl;fs;/ ngf;fp';/
jf;fjhFk;.
re; i jg; g Lj; J jy; / fld; b gw jpl; l '; f s;
gHurk; / gHg; g hF/ gy; n tW tif
jahhpj;jy;/ czt[ gjd;bra; ,ae;jpu';fspd; bghofs;/ cldo czt[fs;/ CWfha; vd
gad; g hL ,Jgj; j p vy; y h bra; j pfisa[ k ; Kg;gJf;Fk; nkw;gl;l jahhpg;g[f;fis tzpfk;
vspikah brhy; y pf; bfhLj; j h'; f . ,e; j bra;J tUk; ,th;fSf;F gjd;bra;
gapw;rpny Kf;fpakhf 'czt[g; bghUl;fisf; ,ae;jpu';fs; th';fp ,d;Dk; bghpa mstpy;
bflhky; ghJfhg; g J vg; g o ' / mjw; ; f hd ,ltrjpa[ld; Toa bjhHpw;rhiy mikf;f
Kiwfs; vd gapw; r p mike; j J jhd; ntz;Lk; vd;w epiwntwhj fdt[ cs;sJ.
v';fSf;F bjhHpy; Kidnthuhfp btw;wpg; vjph;fhyj;jpl;lk; Fwpj;J nfl;l nghJ "gy;ntW
bgWtjw; f hd ek; g pf; i fia tpijj; j J" gH';fspypUe;J kjpg;g{l;lk; bra;J czt[g;
vd;whh;. bghUl;fisj; jahhpj;J tUk; eh';fs;/ v';fs;
bjhiyf;fhl;rpfspYk;/ kw;w Clf'; gFjpapy; Ke;jphpf; bfhl;il vLf;Fk; nghJ
fspYk; mLf;fLf;fhd tz;z tpsk;gu';fis tPzhFk; my;yJ Fiwe;j tpiyf;F
czt[ gjd; bra; epWtd';fs; btspapl;L fpilf;Fk; Ke;jphp gHj;jpypUe;J gy;ntW
fpuhkg] g [ w Efh; n thiua[ k ; fth; e ; J tUk; kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l bghUl;fis bra;a ntz;Lk;
fhyfl;lj;jpy; mjw;F nghl;oahf c';fs; vd;gnj v';fspd; vjph;fhyj;jpl;lk;" vd;wdh;.
jahhpg;g[f;fspd; tzpf tha;g;g[f;fs; gw;wp vd rhjhuz FLk;gj;jiytpfshf gapw;rp
nfl;lnghJ" v';fSf;F v';f jahhpg;g[ kPJk;/ vLj; J / bjhHpy; Kidnthuhfpa ,uz; L
Fwpg;gh czt[g; bghUl;fspd; Rit Fwpj;Jk; bgz;fs; gjd;bra; bjhHpypy; g[jpa jpirfis
kpFe;j ek;gpf;if cs;sJ. xUKiw v';f nehf;fp gazk; bra;a tpUk;g[k; ey;y nehf;fj;
jahhpg;g[f;fis th';fp rhg;gpl;lt';f v';f ija[k;/ mjw;fhd 'vz;z tpijia' tpijj;j
jahhpg;g[f;fisj; jhd; kWgoa[k; nfl;L tpUj;jhryk; ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyaj;
th';fwJ jhd; v';f tpw;gid gyk;" vd;whh; ija[k; ghuhl;o tpl;L cHth;fspd; Myakhd
rPj;jhbyl;Rkp. jkpH; e hL ntshz; i kg; gy; f iyf; fHfk;
bea;ntyp lt[z; #pg; gFjpfspy; nehf;fp bry;y bea;ntyp ngUe;J epiyaj;ij
bjhl';fpa ,th;fspd; czt[g; bghUs; mile;njhk;. ngUe;J epiyaf; fil xd;wpy;
jahhpg;g[ tzpfk; ,d;W jh;kg[hp/ nryk;/ jpUg;g{h;/ 'b$ak; nQhk; n kl; g[ l ; g[ u hblf; ! ; ' vd; w
nfhak;g[j;J}h; vd gy gFjpfSf;Fk; jahhpg; nygpSld; Fsph;ghd';fs;/ bghofs;/
g[f;fis mDg;gp tUfpwhh;fs;. ,th;fspd; CWfha;fs;…. mLf;fLf;fhf mzptFj;jd.
tzpf tUkhdk; gw;wp nfl;lnghJ "MSf;F epidf;Fk; nghnj ,dpj;jJ.*

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 43

 ØÄõ| \_o : ¯ßE WìkVïD
kyhpay] kw]Wk] epyvHpY}l]Lk] Jiw Kidth] vk]. fy]ahdRe]juk]
njhll; ff
; iyf] fyY ; }hp kwW
; k; Muha;r]rp epiyak; Kidth] K. $tQh]yhy;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk; Kidth] f. jdnte]jd]
nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

brz]L ky]yp jkpHfj]jpy] midj]J gad; gLj;jyhk;.

khtl]l']fspYk] gutyhf gaph] bra]ag]gLfpw  !; i gndhrhl; kUe] j pid xU ypl] l h]
kyh] gapuhFk;. midj]J kz] tif epyj]jpy] jz]zPUf]F 0.75 kp.yp. vd]wstpy] fye]J
gaph] bra]a Vw;w ,k; kyh; khiyf] fl]Ltjw]Fk]/ khiy ntisapy] bjspf]f ntz]Lk].
Rg epfH]r]rpfSf]Fk]/ kw]Wk] kUj;Jt bghUsh  ,d]lf]!hfhh]g] (my;yJ) etY}a{uhd; vd;w
ft[k] (Y}l]od] khj]jpiu) gad]gLfpwJ. FWfpa kUe;jpid xU ypl;lh] jz;zPUf;F 2 kp.yp.
fhyj]jpy] mjpf tUkhdj]jpidg] bgUf]fty]y mst[ gad;gLj;jyhk;.
cjphp kyh] f spy] rpwg] g hd gapuhf mjpf  ,df]fth]r]rp bghwpfis itj]J me]Jg]
gug;gstpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,k;kyiug; g{r]rpfisr] nrfhpj]J mHpf]fyhk]. ,df]
gy;ntW g{r;rpfs; jhf;fp cHth;fSf;F bgUj;j fth]r]rp bghwpapy] kUe]jpid (Y}h]) 10
tUkhd ,Hg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ehl]fSf]F xU Kiw khw]wntz]Lk].

FUj;J/ bkhl;Lg;g[G ... ghk]g[ ,iyr]Ru']fg] g[G...

jha] me]Jg] g{r]rp ehw;w';fhy; gFjp jha] me;Jg] g{r]rp ,iyfspd; fPH;/
fspy; nrjj; j pid Vw; g Lj; J fpwJ. ,sk] nkw; g [ w mLf; F fSf; F ,ilapy; jdJ
bkhl]Lf]fis FUj;J/ bkhl;Lg] Kl;ilfis ,Lk;. g[Gf;fs; btsp
g[ G f; f s; rhg] g pl; L nrjj; j pid te;j epiyapy; ,iyapd; ,ilapy;
tpistpf; f pd; w d. ghjpf; f g] g l; l ghk;g[ bespt[ nghd;w bts;is epwf;
kyh] bkhl;Lfspy; mjd; fHpt[k;/ nfhLfs; fhzg] g Lk; . mjpfkhf
vr]r';fSk; fhzg;gLk;. ghjpf;fg; ghjpf;fg]gl;l brofs; xspr] nrh]f]if
gl;l g{f;fs; btspr;re;ijfspy; ,d]wp fha;e;J tpLk;.
Fiwe; j tpiyf; n f tpw] g id fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;
bra;ag]gLfpwJ.
 epyj;jpidr] Rw]wp fisfspd;wp/
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; J}a;ikahf itj]jpUf]f
 ngrpy;y!; Jhpd;rpad;rp!; vd;w ntz;Lk;.
ghf; O hpaj; i j xU ypl; l h]
jz;zPUf;F 2 fpuhk] tPjk;  thuj;jpw;F xU KiwnaDk;
gjpide;J ehl]fs] ,il g{rr
] pfis k"]rs] xl]L my]yJ
btspapy] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. fth]r]rp bghwp \yk; fz;fhzpf;f
 Kl; i l xl; L z; z pfs; vd] W ntz;Lk;.
miHf]fg]gLk] l]iuf]nfhfpuk]kh
1 yl;rk; vz;zpf;ifapy; thu  g{r;rpfspd; thH;ehl;fSf;F
,ilbtspapy] xU vf;nlUf;F Vw;wthW rhpahd neuj;jpy; g{r]rp
kUe;jpidj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 44

 ntk;g[ vz;bza; 3% vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;
ntz;Lk;. (my;yJ) kPd; vz;bza; nrhg;g[f;
fiury; my]yJ Ethd; vd;w kUe;jpid xU  ntk;g[ vz;bza; 3 rjtPjk; vd;w mstpy;
ypl;lh; jz;zPUf;F 3 kp.yp. mst[ 15 ehl]fs] gad; g Lj; j p br"; r pye; j piaj; bjhlf; f
,ilbtspapy] bjspf]f ntz]Lk]. epiyapy; fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k;.

mRtpzp
jha]/ ,sk] F"]Rfs] ,sk; jsph;fspy;
Tl; l khf mkh; e ; J rhwpid cwp"; R k; .
jha;g]g{r]rpfs; fUg;g[ epwj;jpy; fhzg]gLk;.
jhf;fg]gl;l brofs; xsph]r] nrh]f]if ,y]yhky]
tsh]r]rpf;Fd;wp ,Wjpapy; fha;e;J tpLfpd;wd.
mRtpzp ghjpf;fg]gl;l brofspy; g{ bkhl;Lfs;
kyh;tjw;F Kd;dnu cUf;Fiye;J
tpLfpd;wd.
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;
 bth;obkf; vd;w kUe;jpid 0.5 kp.yp. vd;w
 ,se; j sph] f is 30 ehl; f Sf; F gpwF
mstpy; xU ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J
Edpfisf; fps]Sjy] ntz;Lk;.
bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 jiHr]rj;J cu';fisg] ghpe]Jiuf]fg]gl]l  fpiunrhngh vd;w ,iutpG';fpfis thu
mst[fspy] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ,il btspapy] xU Vf; f Uf; F 4000
 ghjpf;fgg
] l;l brofisa[k;/ fisfisa[k; vz;zpf;ifapy; tpl ntz;Lk;.
mg]g[wg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;.  mk;gpyprpa!; fypnghh;dpf]f!;/ gy;yhrp!;
 ,kplhFnshgphpl; vd; w kUe; j pid xU igl]lhrpy!] rpye]jpapidg] gad; gLj;jpa[k;
ypl; l h] jz; z PUf; F 1.5 kp.yp . mst[ ,Ug[ s ; s p br"; r pye; j piaf] fl; L g] g Lj;
gjpide;J ehl]fs] ,ilbtspapy] bjspf]f jyhk;.
ntz]Lk;. ,iyg;ngd;...
 ntk;g[ vz;bza; 3% my]yJ kPd; vz;bza; jha] ,iyg;ngd; bgUk;ghYk; ,se;
nrhg]g[f; fiury; 3 kp.yp. tPjk; xU ypl]lh] jsph;fisna mjpfk; jhf;Ffpd;wd. jhf;fg]
jz]zPUf]F gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. gl;l brofs; bts;is epwkhf khwp ,Wjpapy;
brk]ngd] ... fha;e;J tpLk;.

jha] rpye]jp g{r]rpfspdhy] ghjpf;fg]gl;l fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

,iyfs; ,sk; k";rs; epwkhf khwp fhzg]gLk;.  mrhouhf;od; 3 rjtPjk; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
br";rpye;jpfs; rhW cwp";Rtjhy; ,iyfs;
RUz;L my;yJ fha;e;J fhzg;gLk;.  tay;btspfisf] fisfspd;wp J}a;ik
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,iyfspd; mog]gug]gpy; jha;r] ahff; fhf;f ntz;Lk;.
rpye;jpfSk]/ ,sk] F"]RfSk] Tl;lkhff;  fhd;gplhh] ,kplh Fnshgphpl; 2 kp.yp. / ypl;lh]
fhzg]gLk;. jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 45

  g[ugpndhgh!] my]yJ ntg]g']bfhl]ilf]
fiury] my] y J ilbkj] n jhnahl]
kUe;jpid 1 ypl;lh] jz;zPUf;F 3 kp. yp.
mst[ 10 ehl]fSf]F ,ilbtspapy] gad;
gLj;jpf] fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk].
 !]ghy]rp!] vgpa!] vd]w ,iutpG']fpapid
thu ,ilbtspapy] Vf]fUf]F 4000 Kjy]
5000 vz] z pf] i fapy] tpLtjd] \yk]
fl]Lg]gLj]jyhk].
 fphpg]nlhyhk!] khz]l]nuh!pnahuh vd]w
bghwptz]il Vf]fUf]F 4000 Kjy] 5000
 caphpay; g{r; r pf; fl; L g; g hL Kiwapy; vz]zpf]ifapy] tpLtjd] \yk] fl]Lg]
gLj]jyhk].
mk;gpyprpa!; Ff;Fbkhp!;/ gr]ir ,wF
fz] z ho g{r] r p kw; W k; ,iwtpG'; f p gz;oiff; fhy';fspy; cHth;fSf;F
rpye;jpapidg; gad;gLj;jp ,sk; ,iyg] tUkhdk; <l;oj;jUk; brz;L ky;ypifiaj;
ngd;fisf] fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k;. jhf;Fk; g{r;rpfis nkw;fz;l fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
Kiwfisf; ifahz;L fl;Lg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
kht[g;g{r;rp ...
jukhd g{f; f Sf; F cah; e ; j tUkhdk;
kht[g]g{r]rpahdJ bkGF nghd;w cly; fpilf;Fk;.
mikg;g[ld; ,Uf;Fk;. kht[g]g{r]rp]fs] ,se;jsph;
fspYk; / ,iyfspd; nkYk; Tl; l khf
fhzg] g Lk; . ,it btz; i kepw bkGFg]
nghd;w mikg;gpdhy; \lg;gl;oUf;Fk;. ,iyr] ØÄDØ\Va ¼káVõç\...
rhwpid cwp";Rtjhy; brofspy; tsh]r]rp >twú \éú ïVÍ>^...
epiyfs; ghjpf; f g; g l; L cUf; F iye; J
\òÝmk Joçï© Ãl«Vï
fhzg;gLk;. brofspd] ,se]jsph]fs] Kof]
¶¤B©Ã|D ïõkoÂþwºz (¶) ïVÍ>^
bfhj] J nghy fhzg] g Lk] . ghjpf; f g] g l; l
Ãu¤B z¤©Aï^ ĺï ÖéÂþBºï¹_
brofspy; g{r]rpapd] fHpt[ (m) njid Ö¦D ØÃu®^áª. ]òxòïVu®©
cz;gjw;fhf vWk;g[fs; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Ãç¦l[ >çékªVª xòï© ØÃò\V[
Ch]e]J bry]tijf] fhzyhk]. brofs] mjpfk] ØĺïVÍ>^
ghjpg]gile]J ,iyfs] KGtJk] fha]e]J \é«V_ gª >çé
fUfp thoa epiyapy] fhzg]gLk]. \ V ç é ç B ß
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; ó½Bk[ ¨[Å
z¤©A Ö¦D
 fha;e;j brofisa[k;/ fisfisa[k; mg;g[wg; ØÃu®^ám.
gLj; J jy; \yk; kht[ g ] g {r] r papd] jhf; F >twï ¶«E[
jiyf; fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k;. \é«Vª ÖD \éú
Ö é º ç ï Ý
 mrpg]ngl] my;yJ kPd]vz]bza] nrhg]g[f] >twúï¹[ xòï
fiury] kUe;jpid 1 ypl;lh] jz;zPUf;F 3 kaÃVâ½_ xÂþB
kp.yp. mst[ gad;gLj;jp fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;. Ö¦D ØîþÅm.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 46

 neha¦w br©L k±È¡F...
Kidth] g.Kj;Jyl]Rkp
Kidth] K. $tQh]yhy:
njhl;lf;fiyf] fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak; Kidth] eh._jh]
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

ehw]w']fhy] mGfy] neha] ... brg]nlhhpah ,iyg]g[s]sp neha] ...

ehw]w']fhy] g{"]rhzk; nth]/ moj] ,iyfspd] nkw]gug]gpy] tl]l/ ePs]tl]l
jz]L tHpahf br‹W nrj¤ij tpistpf]Fk] tot rhk] g y] epw g[ s ] s pfs] fhzg] g Lk] .
mg]g[s]spfspd] ika gFjpapy] fUg]g[ epw
g{"]rhz tpj]Jf]fs] fhzg]gLk]].
fl]Lg]gLj]Jk] Kiwfs]
fhg]gh] Mf]!pFnshiuL/ xU ypl]lh]
jz]zPUf]F 3 fpuhk] my]yJ ilijnah
fhh]gnkl] 2 fpuhk] xU ypl]lh] jz]zPUf]F

,e] neha] jhf]fg]gl]l brofs] mGfp fha]e]J

tpLk].
fl]Lg]gLj]Jk] Kiwfs]
 ehw]w']fhypy] Kiwahd ePh] nkyhz]ik
mtrpak].
vd]wstpy] fye]J bjspg;gjd; \yk;
 nfg]lhd] my]yJ jpuk]/ xU fpnyh tpijf]F
,iyg;g[s;sp nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
2 fpuhk] vd]wstpy] tpijneh]j]jp bra]a
brh]nfh!]nghuh ,iyg]g[s]sp neha] ...
ntz]Lk].
tl]l tot/ fUk] gGg]g[ epwg] g[s]spfs]
 ehw]w']fhypy] nghjpa ,ilbtsp tpl]L
,iyfspy]M'f ] h'n
] f fhzg]gLk].
tpijiaj; J}t ntz]Lk]. fl]Lg]gLj]Jk] Kiwfs]
 fhg] g h] Mf] ! pFnshiuL xU ypl] l h]
 Fnshnuhjyhdpy] (fthr] ) / xU ypl] l h]
jz]zPUf]F 3 fpuhk] vd]wstpy] tpijiaj;
jz]zPUf]F 1.kp.yp. vd]wstpy] fye]J
J}t[tjw]F Kd]g[ ehw]w']fypy] bjspf]f
bjspg; g jd; \yk; ,e; n ehiaf; fl; L g;
ntz]Lk].
gLj;jyhk;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 47

 fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;
thly]/ jz]lGfy] neha] ...
kz]zpw]F mUfpy] cs]s jz]Lg] gFjp  jhf;fg;gl;l brofis clnd gpL';fp mHpf;f
gGg]g[epwkhf khwp RU']fpg]ngha] fhzg]gLk]. ntz;Lk;.
jhf]fg]gl]l nth]fs] mGfp ,iyfs] fha]e]J  nghh; n lh fyit 1 rjk; kz; z pw; F s;
gpd]g[ KG broa[k] fha]e]JtpLk]. ghjpf]fg]gl]l brYj;jp ,e;neha; guthky; jLf;fyhk;.
brofis mfw]Wtjhy]/ neha] nkYk] gut[tJ brz;L ky;ypiaj; jhf;Fk; ehw;wGfy;
jLf;fg;gLk]. neha;/ ,iyg;g[s;sp neha;/ jz;lGfy; neha;/ g{
bkhl;L mGfy; neha;fisj; jhf;fhj tif
apy; tUk;Kd; fhj;J tzpf nehf;fpy; cH
th;fs; tUkhdk; <l; l neha; nkyhz; i k
Kiwfisf; filg;gpog;gJ mtrpak;.

ØkÍ>BÂÿç«
fl]Lg]gLj]Jk] Kiwfs] rpy kUj;Jt gad;fs;
 jhf;fg;gl;l brofis clnd gpL';fp mHpf;f
ntz;Lk;. ,f;fPiuapy; Rz;zhk;g[ rj;J 395
kp.fp./ gh!;gu!; 51 kp.fp./ ,Uk;g[ rj;J 16.5
 fk] n gdpad] vd] w kUe] i j xU ypl] l h] kp.fp./ itl;lkpd; V 234 ikf;nuh fpuhk;/
jz]zPUf]F 1 kp.yp. vd]wstpy] fye]J ijakpd; 0.04 kp.fp. hpngh@gpnstpd; 0.31
bjspf]f ntz]Lk]. fpuhk;/ epahrpd; 0.8 kp.fp./ itl;lkpd; rp 52
g{bkhl;L mGfy; neha; ... kp.fp. cs;sd. ,f;fPiuia ghjp mtpayhf
mtpj;J cz;lhy; tapw;Wr; NL jzpa[k;/
 ,e;neha; kyuhj bkhl;Lf;fisna jhf;Fk;.
kyL eP';Fk;/ \yg;g[z; MWk;/ g[spr;r Vg;gk;
 ,e;neha; jhf;»a bkhlL
; fspy; fUk;gGg;g[ nghFk;/ tha; ehw;wk; eP';Fk;/ tpah;it
epw g[s;spfs; njhdW
; k.; ehw;wk; nghFk;/ tapw;Wg; g{r;rpa[k; xHpa[k;/
 ,e;neha; jhf;fpa bkhl;Lfs; kyuhJ. cly; vil Fiwa[k;/ Flypy; j';fpapUf;Fk;
tp#'; f s; eP'; F k; / nkdp mHfhFk; .
,f; f Piuia Fwpg; g hf khjtpyf; F
ehl;fspy; cz;lhy; cly; fisg;g[
,Uf;fhJ/ khj tpyf;F nghtJk; Fiwa[k;.
Kidth; th. gh!:fud;
Kidth; F. mgpuhkp
kUj;Jt kw;Wk; thrid gaph;fs;
Muha;r;rp ,af;Feufk;/ F$uhj;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 48

 ntsh© ü±f´ ɦgid¡F...
F Kidth; K. gHdprhkp M.A. Phd. mth;fspd; ntshz;ik E}y;fs;
tpwgidapy; Kjyplk; bgw;Ws;sd.
F gy;ntW ,uf';fspd; rpwg;g[f;fs;
F rhpahd cug;ghpe;Jiu
F mjpf tpisr;rYf;fhd cj;jpfs;
F ey;y tpiyf;F Vw;w fhyk;
F neha;f;fhd rhpahd kUj;Jtk; vdg; gy;ntW rpwg;g[f;fis
bgw;Ws;sjhy; cHth;fs; kj;jpapy; ,tuJ E}y;fs; mnkhf
tuntw;igg; bgw;Ws;sd.
mg;ghoahdhy; eP';fs;..... ?
g[j;jfj;jpd; bgah; tpiy g[j;jfj;jpd; bgah; tpiy
bjd;id +.40/- bt';fhak; +.20/
kuk; tsh;g;nghk; gzk; nrh;g;nghk; +.40/ kf;fhr;nrhsk; +.20/
nfhHp tsh;g;g[ +.40/ kpsfha; +.20/
etPd kPd; tsh;g;g[ +.40/ ,urhad cuk; +.20/
\ypif rhFgo +.40/ eyk; jUk; fPiufs; +.20/
kz;qk; gapUk; +.40/ <Kf;nfhHp +.20/
,aw;if ntshz;ik +.40/ fwpntg;gpiy +.20/
fUk;g[ +.40/ vs; rhFgo +.20/
njdP tsh;g;g[ +.40/ nuh$h +.20/
bey; +.30/ ge;jy; fha;fwpfs; +.20/
,aw;if cuk; +.30/ Ez;q}l;lk; +.20/
fpH';F tifg;gaph;fs; +.30/ jh;g;g{rzp +.20/
fhshd; tsh;g;g[ +.30/ CL gaph; +.20/
ML tsh;g;g[ +.40/ kyh;r;brofs; +.20/
jrft;ah +.30/ btz;il +.20/
fwitkhLfs; +.30/ ,ytkuk; +.20/
thiH +.30/ epyf;fliy +.20/
kh (kWgjpg;g[ TLjy; jfty;fSld;) +.30/ kuts;sp +.15/
gaph; neha; g{r;rpf; fl;Lg;ghL +.25/ KU';if +.15/
fha;fwpfs; +.25/ gaW tifrhFgo +.15/
,iytHp Cl;lk; +.20/ bgUbey;yp +.10/
k";rs; +.30/ Nhpafhe;jp +.10/
fj;jhp +.20/ ky;ypif +.10/
jf;fhsp +.20/ rg;nghl;lh +.10/
gg;ghsp +.20/ ORGANIC FARMING +.20/

E}y;fisj; jghypy; bgw fPnH cs;s Kfthpf;F M.O bra;f.Dr. K. gHdprhkp M.A. Ph.D.,
V.M. njhl;lk;/ gH';;fiu (p.o)/ mtpehrp – 641 654.
Fwpg;g[ : g[j;jfj;jpd; tpiya[ld; jghy; bryt[ +gha; 15.00 kl;Lk; nrh;j;J mDg;g[f
kzp Mh;lh; ghuj;jpy; fPnH Kfthp bjspthf vGj ntz;Lk; V.P.P.
fpilahJ. bry; bek;gh; : 98431 26460

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 49

 k w; w gaph; f isg; nghd; W
thiHg;gaphpy; ,sk; ,iyfspy; euk;g[fs;
gf;fkhft[k; beLf;fkhft[k; ,iyapd; nkw;
gHg; g aph; f Sf; F k; 16 tifahd Cl; l r; gFjpia tpl eLg; g Fjp cah; e ; J cU
rj;Jf;fs; mtrpak; vd;W mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. 16 khw;wj;Jld; ,Uf;Fk;. ,iyf;FUj;Jf;fs;
tifahd cl;lr;rj;Jf;fspy; xd;gJ rj;Jf;fs; tphpahky; ,sk; ,iyfs; fpHpe;J gGg;g[ epwkhf
ng+l; l r; r j; J f; f s; vdt[ k ; kPjKs; s VG khWk;. nkYk;/ nghuhd; rj;Jf; FiwghL mjpfk;
rj; J f; f s; Ez; q }l; l r; r j; J f; f s; vdt[ k ; cs; s thiHf; f hapy; btog; g [ njhd; W k; .
miHf;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Ez;q}l;lr; thiHg; gHj;jpd; nky; brk;gGg;g[ epwg; g[s;spfs;
rj;Jf;fspy; jw;nghJ nghuhd; rj;Jf; FiwghL mjpfstpy; njhd;Wk;. gHj;jpy; ,dpg;g[ kpft[k;
vy;yh tifahd gHg;gaph;fspYk; njhd;wp Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk;. nghuhd; rj;Jf; FiwghL
tpisr;riya[k; juj;ija[k; mjpfk; ghjpf;fpwd. bghJthf thiHg; g aph; kzw; g h'; fhd
,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; kz;zpy; nghuhd; epyj;jpy; gaphpLk; nghJ mjpfk; njhd;Wtjhf
rj;ij mspf;f ?h;kiyd; vd;w jhJ kl;Lk; Muha;r;rp Kot[fs; \yk; mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.
cs;sJ. ehk; bjhlh;e;J gaph;bra;tjhYk; nghuhd; rj;Jf; Fiwghl;ilg; nghf;f 0.2
nghJkhd m';ff cu';fis ,lhjjhYk; tpGf; f hL nghuhf; ! ; my; y J nghhpf;
kz;zpy; nghuhd; rj;jpd; fplf;if kpft[k; mkpyj;ij mjhtJ E}W ypl;lh; ePhpy; 200 fpuhk;
Fiwe;J nghuhd; rj;J FiwghL mjpfstpy; vd;w mstpy; fye;J ,iyfs; nky;
jkpH;ehl;oy; Vw;gLtjhf Muha;r;rp Kot[fs; ifj;bjspg;ghd; \yk; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
\yk; mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk; / mLj; J gaph; bra; a [ k ; nghJ xU
nghuhd; rj;jpd; gzpfs; vf;nlUf;F 5 fpnyh nghuhf;!; cg;ig ed;F
kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye;J xt;bthU
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cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;l rh;f;fiu bghUs;
,iy/ jz;Lg;gFjpapypUe;J gH';fSf;F kh...
bfhz; L bray; t jpYk; kpf Kf; f pa nghuhd; rj;J FiwghLs;s khkuj;jpy;
g';fhw;WfpwJ.
fpisfs; tsh; r ; r p Fiwe; J / fqtpd;
G tsh;rpij khw;wj;jpy; <LgLk; behjpfSf;F ,ilbtsp Fiwe;J/ Edp ,iyfs; rpWj;J
xU fphpah Cf;fpahf bray;gLfpwJ. btsph; k"; r s; epiwkila[ k ; . ,iyapd;
G bkhl;L/ g{ cjph;tijj; jLf;fpwJ. eLg;gFjp gGg;g[ epwkhfp cjph;e;J tpLk;.
thiH... bkhl;L/ g{ cjph;jy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. nkYk;/
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 50

fhzg;gLk;. nghuhd; rj;J Fiwghl;il nghf;f nghf;f 0.3 tpGf;fhL nghuhf;!; my;yJ nghhpf;
bra;a 0.3 tpGf;fhL nghuhf;!; fiuriy mkpyf; fiuriy mjhtJ E}W ypl;lh; ePhpy; 300
mjhtJ E}W ypl;lh; ePhpy; 300 fpuhk; nghhpf; fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; fye;J ,iyfs; ed;F
mkpyj;ij fye;J g{g;gjw;F Kd;g[ bjspf;f eida[k;go bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. kPz;Lk; nghuhd;
ntz;Lk;. nkYk; ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xU rj;Jf; FiwghL njhd;whkypUf;f xUkuj;jpw;F
Kiw kuj;jpw;F 200 fpuhk; nghuhf;!; cg;ig 50 fpuhk; nghuhf;!: cg;ig ed;F kf;fpa bjhG
kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye;J ,lntz;Lk;. cuj;Jld; fye;J ,lntz;Lk;.

bfha;ah... khJis...

nghuhd; rj;J FiwghL cs;s bghJthf brk;kz; epyj;jpy; khJis

bfha; a hr; broapy; g[ j pjhfj; njhd; W k; gaphpLk; ,l';fspy; nghuhd; rj;Jf] FiwghL
,iyfspy; rptg;g[ epwg;g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. Vw;gLtjhf Muha;r;rp Kot[fs; \yk; mwpag;
,iyfs; twz;Lk;/ cila[k; jd;ika[lDk; gl;Ls;sJ. nghuhd; rj;Jf] FiwghL cs;s
,Uf; F k; . gH'; f spy; fUg; g [ epwj; j pl; L fs; khJis kuj;jpy; ,iyfspy; rptg;g[ epwg;
mjpfk; njhd;Wk;. gH';fspy; btog;g[ Vw;gLk;. g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. ,iyfs; cila[k;
gHj;ij mWj;J ghh;j;jhy; gGg;g[ epwj;Jld; jd;ika[ld; ,Uf;Fk;. g{/ ,sk; gp";Rfs;
,Uf;Fk;. gH';fspy; ,dpg;g[ kpft[k; Fiwe;J cjph;tJ mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. gH';;fs; mstpy;
tpLk;. fpisfspYk; btog;g[ Vw;gLk;. bkhl;L/ g{ kpft[ k ; rpWj; J / gH'; f spd; nky; gGg; g [
cjph;jy; mjpfstpy; ,Uf;Fk;. nghuhd; rj;J epWg;g[s;spfs; mjpfstpy; njhd;Wk;. gH';fspy;
Fiwghl;ilg; nghf;f 0.3 tpGf;fhL nghuhf;!; btog;g[ Vw;gLk;. gHj;jpid mWj;Jg;ghh;j;jhy;
my; y J nghhpf; mkpyj; i j (300fpuhk; / 100 gGg;g[ epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. khJisapy; nghuhd;
ypl;lh;) fye;J fiuriy g{g;gjw;F 15 ehl;fs; rj;Jf] Fiwghl;il fisa 0.3 tpGf;fhL
Kd;g[ xU Kiwa[k;/ g{j;j gpwF xU Kiwa[k; nghuhf;!; my;yJ nghhpf; mkpyj;ij ed;F
bjspj;jhy; nghuhd; rj;J Fiwghl;il fisa fiuj;J ,iyfs; ed;F eida[k; go g{g;gjw;F
Koa[k;. nkYk;/ mLj;j gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15 ehl;fs; Kd;g[k;/ g{j;j gpwF xU Kiwa[k;
nghuhd; rj;J FiwghL Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f xU bjspf; f ntz; L k; . nkYk; nghuhd; rj; J
kuj;jpw;F 50 fpuhk; nghuhf;!; cg;ig ed;F FiwghL Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f xU kuj;jpw;F 50
kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye;J ,lntz;Lk;. fpuhk; nghuhf;!; cg;ig ed;F kf;fpa bjhG
cuk; my;yJ fk;ngh!;l; cuj;Jld; fye;J
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FiwghL Vw;gLfpwJ. nghuhd; rj;Jf] FiwghL
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cs; ; s gg; g hspr; broapy; ,iyfSf; F
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,Uf;Fk;. bkhl;L/ g{ cjph;jy; mjpf mstpy;
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,Uf; F k; . fha; f spy; gGg; g [ epwg; g [ s ; s pfs;
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gutyhf njhd;Wk;. nghuhd; rj;J Fiwghl;ilg;
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 51

 A]B Ãz]
Øku¤çé.....
±_ A]m " Øku¤ ' çé¼BV .....
btw;wpiy - R.tdpjh/ f. uh$hkzp/ kh. Rfe;jp/ ,y. espdh/ eP. Fkhh;
btspaPL : kUe;J kw;Wk; kz\l;Lk; gaph;fs; Jiw
njhl;lf;fiyf;fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003
Kjw;gjpg;g[ 2010/ ISBN No : 978-81-906204-7-6/ gf; 61
jkpHfj;jpy; r';ffhyj;jpypUe;J rkPg
fhyk; tiu gaphpl; L tUk; jhtu tif
btw;wpiyahFk;. 'btw;wp' fukhf btw;wpiy
iar; rhFgo bra;a[k; bjhHpy; El;g';fs;/
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åTª Ø>Va_ Oâúï^...
CLgaph;fs;/ btw;wpiyiaj; jhf;Fk; ïõïVâE ïòÝ>«ºïD
E}w;g[Gf;fs; vd 9 ,ay;fspy; cHth;fSf;Fg; czt[g; gjg;gLj;Jjy; Fwpj;j
gad;gLk; gy;ntW fUj;Jf;fs; vspa Kiwapy; fUj;ju';fk; mf;nlhgh; 13Mk; njjp
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 'Fk;gnfhzk; bfhGe;J jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;
btw;wpiy'/ 'fw;g{u btw;wpiy'/ 'bts;sf;bfho'/ fHfj;jpy; eilbgw;wJ. ,f;
'gr;irf; bfho btw;wpiy'/ 'Mj;J}h; btw;wpiy'/ fUj; j u'; f py; czt[ gjg; g Lj; J jy;
' me; j pa{h; btw; w piy ' / ' rp'; f she; j g[ u k;
Fwpj;J khzth;fs; elj;jpa fz;fhl;rp
eilbgw;wJ. ,f; fUj;ju';fpy; ,e;jpa
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gaph; gjd; bra; bjhHpy; El;g
nghd;w gy bgah;fspy; miHf;fg;gl;lhYk;/ epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Feh; Kidth; jpU.
jhtutpayhh;f mHFRe; j uk; / b$h; k dp nguhrphpah;
spd; tifg; bQy;\l;itapl;ypl;r; Mfpnahh; rpwg;g[
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btw; w piyapy; ,f; fUj;ju';fpy; ciuahw;wpa mth;
bkhj;jk; Ie;J ",e;jpahtpy; czt[ gjd; bra; bjhHpy;
t i f n a El;g';fs; ey;y tsh;r;rpia mile;J
cs;sd vd tUfpd;wd. bghpa mstpy; gjd; bra;
ehlhf ,e; j pah khWtjw; F mjpf
yf;ndhÉy;
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cs; s njrpa ,f;fUj;ju';fpy; ntshz; bghwpapay;
M u h Œ ¢ á fy;ÿhp Kjd;ikah; Kidth;
ikak; bjhp re;j hdngh!; / ntshz; gjd; bra;
tpj; j fUj; J bghwpapay; Jiwj; jiyth; Mh;.
nghd;w gy tp!;tehjd;/ mWtil gpd;rhh; bjhHpy;
mÇa ntshz; El;gj; Jiwj; jiyth; Kidth; vd;.
tujuh$^ cs;spl;nlhh; g';F bgw;wdh;.
mwptpay; bra; czt[g;gjg;gLj;Jjy; Fwpj;j
jpfs; ,e; fz;fhl;rp ghh;itahsh;fis btFthf
E}ypy; ,lk; <h;j;jJ.
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 52

 v dJ bgah; kfhnjtd;
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ehd; flY}h; khtl;lk; mz;zh
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fpuhkj; i jr; rhh; e ; j fha; f wp
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vdJ epyj;jpy; fj;jhp/ kpsfha;/ rhke;jp/ fsj;J nkL vd;w ,e;j gFjp
kuts; s p Mfpa gaph; f isr] RHw; r p cHth;fSf;fhd gFjpahFk;. ,jpny cHth;fs;
Kiwapy; rhFgo bra;J tUfpnwd;. j'; f spd; brhe; j mDgt'; f is vGjyhk; .
2008-09Mk; Mz; o y; njhl; l f; Ritahd fUj;Jr; brwpt[ kpf;f mDgt';fs;
fiyj; Jiw \yk; Jy;ypa gz;izj; njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;L ,g;gFjpy; btspaplg;gLk;.
jpl;lj;jpy; nrh;e;J gad;bgWkhW c';f mDgt';fisf; fl;lhak; vGJ';f...
bjhptpj;jhh;fs;. brhl;L ePh]g; ghrdj;jpd; - Mrphpah;)
rpwg; g k; r '; f s; Fwpj; J mYtyh; f s;
bjhptpj;jjd; mog;gilapy; ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; rhFgoapy; brytpdkhf +. 2/69/500-I gpd;tUk;
nrh;e;njd;. mjw;fhd gapw;rpapy; fye;J tptug;go bryt[ bra;Js;nsd;.
bfhz;nld;.
elt[ + fd;W bryt[ - 24/500/-
ehw;wpid 5' x 2' ,ilbtspapy;
elt[ bra;J brhl;LePh;g] ghrdk; bra;J kUe;J brytpdk;/ bjspg;g[ - 83/000/-
te; n jd; . nkYk; / ,j; j pl; l j; j pd; \yk; nghf;Ftuj;J brytpdk;
cur;bryt[/ gwpg;g[ - 1/32/000/-
tH';fg;gl;l ePhpy; fiua[k; cu';fis
gapw; r papy; bjhptpj; j thW (tHpfhl; o ePh;tHp cuk; jpl;lj;jpd; \yk;
mspf;fg;gl;lJ - 30/000/-
g[ j ; j fj; j py; bjhptpj; j g; g o) Kjypy; 7
ehl; f Sf; F xU Kiwa[ k ; / gpd; d h; 4 vdnt/ 2.0 Vf;fh; kpsfha; rhFgoapy;
ehl; f Sf; F xU Kiwa[ k ; mspj; n jd; . 190 ehl;fspy; epfu yhgkhf +. 4/16/500/-
brofs; ed;F tsh;e;J fha;f;fj; bjhl'; fpilj;Js;sJ. fle;j tUl';fspy; rhFgo
fpd. gpd; b ra; neh; j ; â fis Kiwahf bra;jjpy; vdf;F fpilj;j tUkhdj;ijf;
filgpoj;njd;. fhl; o Yk; 300% TLjyhf fpilj; J s; s J.
gpd; d h; 65 Mk] ehs; Kjw;bfhz;L nkYk; / brhl; L ePh; ghrdk; \yk; rhFgo
fha;fisg] gwpf;fj; Jt';fpndd;. 15 ehl;fs; bra; j jpy; kpd; bryt[ / Ml; T yp bryt[
,ilbtspapy; fha;fisg] gwpj;J te;njd;. Mfpait fzprkhf Fiwe;jJld; mghpkpj
Kjy; gwpg;gpy; 1.5 bk. ld;fSk;/ bjhlh;e;j gaph; tsh;r;rp/ g{r;rp neha; jhf;Fjy; Fiwt[
gwpg;gpy; 2.0/ 5.0 bjhlh;e;J 6 bk.ld;fSk; kw; W k; rPuhd/ jukhd tpisr; r y; vd
fpilj; J s; s J. gj; J Kiw gwpj;j mf;fk;gf;f cHth;fs; tpaf;Fk; tifapy;
nghJ fpilj;j 55 bk.ld] ,Ue;jJ.
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+. 8/- gpd; d h; xU midj;J cHth]fSk; ,e;j Jy;ypa
gz;iza jpl;lj;jpy; nrh;e;J gad;
fpnyhtpw;F +. 24/- bgw ntz;Lkha; md;g[ld;
fpilj;jJ. ruhrhpahf +. nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwd;.
15/fpnyh vd;w tpfpjj;jpy;
tpiy fpilj;jJ. vdnt
vdf; F 190 ehl; f spy;
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tP. gpnukh
njhl;lf;fiy cjtp ,af;Feh]
mz;zh fpuhkk;;/ flY}h] khtl;lk;

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 53

 ÄÍç> Wék«D...
¶®kç¦Â ïVé táïVF kuÅ_
,uh. nuhfpjh þ¼éV
Kidth] e.m$;$d;
Ô. 35‡37
njrpa ntshz; g[Jikj;jpl;lk ;- cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp re;ijj; jfty; ikak;
ntshz; kw;Wk; Cuf nkk;ghl;L Ma;t[ ikak;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h;- 641 003

cyfpy; cs; s Kf; f pa tzpfg;

Efh;tpYk;/ Vw;WkjpapYk; ,e;jpah Kjd;ik
ehlhf tps';FfpwJ. mijj; bjhlh;e;J rPdh/
gaph;fspy; tj;jy; kpsfha[k; xd;whFk;. cyf bgU/ jha;yhe;J/ ghfp!;jhd;/ g';fshnj#;
mstpy; kpsfha; tw; w y; cw; g j; j papYk; / Mfpa ehLfs; kpsfha; tw;wy; cw;gj;jpapy;
bgUk; g';F tfpf;fpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpd; kpsfha;
kpsfha; Vw;Wkjp : tw;wy; bkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; 90 tpGf;fhL
cs;ehl;onyna gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,dpf;Fk;; bra;jp... jkpH;ehl;oy; ,uhkehjg[uk;/ tpUJefh;/
jpUbey; n typ/ J}j; J f; F o/ rptf'; i f/
eWkzg; bghUl;fs; thhpaj;jpd;
jpz;Lf;fy; Mfpa khtl;l';fspy; kpsfha;
mwpf;ifapd; go/ 2008-09 Mk; Mz;il
mjpf mstpy; gaphplg;gLfpwJ. bghJthf/
xg;gpLk; nghJ/ 2009-10Mk; Mz;oy;
jkpH; e hl; o y; tl fpHf; F g; gUtkiHj;
kpsfha; tw;wypd; Vw;Wkjp 8.5 tpGf;fhL
bjhl'; f pa gpwnf (mf; n lhgh; kj; j papy;
mstpYk;/ 19.4 tpGf;fhL; kjpg;gpYk;
bjhl';fp etk;gh; khjk; ,Wjptiu) kpsfha;
mjpfhpj; J s; s J. ,e; j pahtpypUe; J
tpijf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; kpsfha; tuj;J
tw;wy; kpsfha; knyrpah (22 tpGf;fhL)/
mf;nlhgh; kj;jpapy; bjhl';fp nk ,Wjptiu
,y';if (17 tpGf;fhL)/ t';f njrk; (14
ePof; F k; . ,jpy; Kjy; tuj; J kj; j pag;
tpGf;fhL)/ If;fpa mug[ ehLfs; (11
gpnujrj;jpy; bjhl';Fk;. fh;ehlfh/
tpGf;fhL)/ mbkhpf;fh (8 tpGf;fhL)
kfhuh#;ouh/ Me;jpug; gpunjrk;/ jkpH;ehL
kw;Wk; ,e;njhndrpah (5 tpGf;fhL)
Mfpa khepy';fs; vd thpirahfj; bjhlUk;.
Mfpa ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjp
bra;ag;gLfpwJ. eWkzg; bghUl;fs; Me; j pug; g punjr ntshz; mikr;
thhpaj;jpd; mz;ikf;fhy mwpf;ifapd; rfj;jpd; jftypd;go elg;g[ Mz;oy; mk;
go Vg;uy; - Mf!;l; 2010 Mk; khepyj;jpy; kpsfha; 1.10 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy;
Mz;oy; ,e;jpahtpd; tw;wy] gaphplg;gLfpwJ. ,J fle;j Mz;il tpl 29
Vw; W kjp 1.02 ,yl; r k; ld; tpGf;fhL FiwthFk;. th;j;jfj; jfty;fspd;
fshFk;. ,J fle;j Mz;iltpl go Me;jpu khepyj;jpy; Fsph;gjd fpl';Ffspd;
35 tpGf;fhL; mjpfkhFk;. vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;Js;sjhy;/ 5.5 ,yl;rk;
ld;fs; tiu kpsfha; ifapUg;g[ cs;sJ. fle;j

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 54

Mz;L ,nj fhyj;jpy; 0.8 ,yl;rk; ld;fs; jhd;
ifapUg;g[ ,Ue;jJ. elg;g[ Mz;oy; fh;ehlf
khepyj;jpy;/ gy tptrhapfs; kpsfha;f;Fg;
kpsfha; rhFgo :
gjpyhf kf;fhr;nrhsk; kw;Wk; gUj;jpapidg; rpy Fwpg;g[fs;....
gaphpLthh; f s; vd; W vjph; g hh; f ; f g; g LfpwJ.
mjdhy; kpsfha; cw;gj;jp mk; khepyj;jpYk; ,e;jpahtpy; kpsfha; 2007-08 Mk;
Fiwa tha; g ; g [ s ; s J vd; W th; j ; j fh; f s; Mz;oy;; 8 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy; rhFgo
fUJfpd;wdh;. bra;ag;gl;L/ 12.79 ,yl;rk; ld; cw;gj;jp
bra; a g; g l; l J. ,e; j pahtpd; bkhj; j
jkpH;ehl;oy; jw;nghJ tpUJefh; rk;gh kpsfha; tw;wy; cw;gj;jpapy; Me;jpug;
kpsfha; tw;wy; Ftpz;lhYf;F +.3000-3500 gpunjrk; (60 tpGf; f hL) Kjyplk;
tiuapYk;/ Fsph;gjdf; fpl';Ffspy; tfpf;fpwJ. ,ijj; bjhlh;e;J fh;ehlfh
itf; f g; g l; L s; s kpsfha; Ftpz; l hYf; F (11 tpGf;fhL)/ nkw;F t';fhsk; (7
+.4000-4500 tiuapYk; tpw; g id bra; a g; tpGf; f hL)/ xhp!h (5 tpGf; f hL)/
gLfpwJ. jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf] kj; j pag; gpunjrk; (3 tpGf; f hL)/
kfhuh#; o uh (3 tpGf; f hL)/ kw; W k;
jkpH;ehL (2.6 tpGf;fhL) Mfpa khepy';
fs; cw;gj;jpapy; g';F tfpf;fpd]wd.
jkpH;ehl;oy; kpsfha; tw;wyhdJ 2007-
flY}hpy; fha; / fdp Fsph; gjdff
; pl'F
; fs;
mtrpak; cUthf;fg; glntz;Lk; 2008 Mk; Mz;oy;/ 0.67 ,yl;rk;
K$pgh; uFkhd; vf;lhpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;L 0.34
flY}h; khtl;lj;jpy; Kjd; Kiwahf ,yl;rk; ld;fs; cw;gj;jp
khtl;l kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l czt[g;bghUs; bjhHpy; bra;ag;gl;lJ.
Kidnthh; r';fk; bjhlf;fg;bgw;W Kiwg;go
gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;L Rkhh; 20 bjhHpy;Kidnthh;
cWg;gpduhf cs;sdh; vd;fpwhh; ,r;r';fj;jpd;
jiyth; K$pgh; uFkhd;. "jw;nghJ v';f r';f fHfj;jpy; ,a';fp tUk; njrpa ntshz;
cWg;gpdh;fs; midtUk; nrh;e;J jf;fhspapy; g[Jikj; jpl;lj;jpd; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;
kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l czt[g;bghUs;fshd jf;fhsp Vw;Wkjp re;ijj; jfty; ikak;/ fle;j 13
$hk;/ jf;fhsp fd;rh;t;/ CWfha;/ kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l
Mz; L fshf tpUJefh; re; i japy;
ghy; bghUs;fs;/ krhyh gt[lh; vd xt;bthU
cWg;gpdUk; xt;bthU tif kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l epytpa tpiyia Ma;t[ bra;Js;sJ.
czt[ bghUs; f isj; jahhpf; f pnwhk; . mjd; mog;gilapy;/ gpg;uthp - khh;r; khjk;
v';fSf;Fs; xUthpd; jahhpg;ig ,d;bdhU 2011 Mk; Mz; L mWtil bra; J
thpd; gFjpapy; tpw;gid bra;J Tl;Lwthf re;ijf;Fg; g[jpjhf tUk; kpsfha; tw;wy;
,a';fp tUfpnwhk;. v';fs; bghUs;fisg]
Ftpz;lhYf;F +.3500-3700 tiu tpiy
gs; s p/ fy; Y }hpfSf; F tpw; g id bra; J
xt;bthUtUk; 10/000 Kjy; 15/000 tiu ,yhgk; nghFk; vd; W fzf; f plg; g l; L s; s J.
<l;otUfpnwhk;. v';f gFjpapny fpilf;Fk; nkw;Twpa tpiyiaf; fUj;jpy; bfhz;L/
jf;fhsp/ thiHg;gHj;ijg] ghJfhf;f bra;a cHth] f s; tl fpHf; F g; gUtj; j py;
Fsph; g jdf; fpl'; F fs; cUthf; f g; g l; l hy; kpsfha; tpijf; F khW ghpe; J iuf; f g;
mit rhh;e;j kjpg;g{l;lk; bra;ag;gl;l czt[g;
gLfpd;wdh;.
bghUs; tzpfk; tsu tha; g ; g [ z ; L " vd
nfhhpf;if tpLf;fpwhh;.

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 55

 A]B Ãz] fiyr;brhy;yhf;f nkil
¶[ÃVª kVÄïúï¼á!
¼káVõç\ ¶¤sB_ ïòÝm©Ãö\VuÅÝ]uïVª ¶½©Ãç¦ïáVïÂ
ïò>©Ã|Ãçk ïçéßØÄVuïáVzD. gºþéD‡>tµ Ã]kç\©¸_ Îò z¤©¸â¦
mçÅçB© Ãu¤B A]B ïçéßØÄVuïçá ¨¿] ¶Ð©Aºï^. ‡ gEöBú

cHtpay;
Aeroponic : thdpy; rhFgo
Agrobiology : jhtu thH;f;if
Bagasse : fUk;g[r; rf;if
Bunch groundnut : Fj;Jf; fliy
Chloroplast : gr;irak;
Convection : gut[jy;
Dry Nursery : g[Gjp ehw]w';fhy;
Dibbling : rhy; tpijg;g[ (tpij gjpj;jy;/ Cd;Wjy;)
Evaporimeter : Mtpahjy; mstpLk; fUtp
Fertigation : ePh;tHp cukpLjy;/ ghrd tHp cukply]
Farming system : gz;izaj; bjhFg;g[/ epyk; rhh;e;j gz;izak;
Growth attributes : tsh;r;rpf; fhuzpfs;
Granules : FWizfs;
Herbigation : ePh;g;ghrd tHp fisf; bfhy;ypaply;
Kaolin : bts;isf;fspkz;
Layering : gjpad; nghLjy;
Meristem : tsh; jpR
Nipping : Edpfps;Sjy;
Organic soil : kf;Fkz;
Parshall flume : ghh;ry; ePh; msit
Quadraple cropping : ehd;Fnghf rhFgo
Ratoon : kWjhk;g[
Saturation : bghe;jpif
Transgenic : khWgz;gpfs;
Undulated land : nkL gh';fhd epyk;
Water logging : ePh; nj';Fk; trjp
Xerophyte : ghiy epy jhtu ,dk;
Yield attributes : tpisr;ry; fhuzpfs;
Zigzag planting : nfhzy; khzy; elt[

cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\ åkDÃú 2010 56

 cHthpd; tsUk; ntshz:ik
rpwg]ghrphpah]
Kidth] g. KUnfr g{gjp
Jiznte;jh]

cGnthk; ciHg]nghk; cah]nthk;

Mrphpah] : Kidth] gh. fiyr;bry;td;

tphpthf;ff; fy;tp ,af;Feh]
Mrphpah] FG : jpUkjp. ,uh. rrpfyh
cjtpg] nguhrphpah] (,jHpay;)
: Kidth; m. ntyha[jk;
nguhrphpah; (cHtpay;)
: Kidth; nfh. mUs;bkhHpr; bry;td;
nguhrphpah; (kz;zpay;;)
: Kidth; eh. kzptz;zd;
,izg; nguhrphpah; (gaph; bgUf;fk;)
: Kidth; ,y. g[fnHe;jp
nguhrphpah; (njhl;lf;fiy)
: Kidth; jp. uFre;jh;
nguhrphpah; (nehapay;)
: Kidth; gh. _jh;
nguhrphpah; (gz;iz ,ae;jputpay;)
: Kidth] j. fiyr; bry;tp
,izg; nguhrphpah; (tdtpay;)
: Kidth] eh. _uhk;
cjtpg; nguhrphpah; (tphpthf;ff; fy;tp)

btspaPL
Mrphpah]
cHthpd; tsUk; ntshz:ik
tphpthf;ff; fy;tp ,af;ffk;
jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
bjhiyngrp vz: - 0422 - 6611315
 Regd No:DRO/CBE/Ref.No/25381/09/E2/2009
Title Code : TN/TAM/18594/09
Postal Regn.No.CB/063/2009-2011

cwkö[
káòD
¼káVõç\
ÄÍ>V ØÄKÝ] gõ| ÄÍ>V = Ô. 75.00
15 gõ| ÄÍ>V = Ô. 750.00
sâÏúïáV? >M Ö>µ = Ô. 10.00

ÄÍ>V Ø>VçïçB
gEöBú
cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\
¨[Å ØÃBö_
kºþ k竼kVçé (DD)
¶_ém Ãðsç¦ (MO)
Jé\Vï ÿµïõ¦ xïköÂz ¶Ð©Ã¡D
xïkö
gEöBú
cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\
>tµåV| ¼káVõç\
Ã_ïçéÂïwïD
¼ïVBDAÝ#ú ‡ 641 003.
Ø>Vçé¼ÃE : 0422 ‡ 6611315
Published by Dr. P. Kalaiselvan and owned by/on
behalf of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and
published from Directorate of Extension
Education,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore - 3 and printed by M.Mohamed Ali at
M/s. Udhayam Achagam, 1540,Thadagam Road,
Opp. Rajkamal Estate, Velandipalayam,
Coimbatore - 641 025.
Editor : Dr. P. Kalaiselvan