DIVISION 9

FINISHES
AMONCIO, FUTALAN, HABAN,
LLANOS, PABROQUEZ
 CSI MasterFormat

Division 9

⬣ 09 01 00 Maintenance of Finishes
⬣ 09 05 00 Common Work Results for Finishes
⬣ 09 20 00 Plaster and Gypsum Board
⬣ 09 30 00 Tiling
⬣ 09 40 00 Terrazzo
⬣ 09 50 00 Ceilings
⬣ 09 60 00 Flooring
⬣ 09 70 00 Wall Finishes
⬣ 09 80 00 Acoustic Treatment
⬣ 09 90 00 Painting and Coating

1
What is finishes?

Finishes are applied in the final part of the construction or manufacturing

process, forming the final surface of an element. They can protect the
element from impact, water, frost, corrosion, abrasion, and so on, and they
can be decorative.

Finishes commonly relate to internal surfaces, but they may also be applied
to external elements. They can be applied wet or dry. The application of
finishes may involve the build up of more than one layer, which, whilst some
of the layers will form the final exposed surface, they are nonetheless
considered to be finishes. For example, an undercoat or primer might be
applied to a wall before the final paint.

2
 09 01 00
Maintenance of Finishes

09 01 20 Maintenance of Plaster and Gypsum

Board
Gypsum board, also known as GWB, wallboard, or drywall, is a common
construction product used all over the world to finish the inside of walls
and ceilings. It is typically finished with a variety of surface applied
products, including wood, fabric, paint, and plaster.

09 01 20.91 Plaster Restoration

• CANVASSING UNEVEN WALL SURFACES

• FILLING CRACKS
• REPLACING DELAMINATED AREAS OF THE FINISH COAT
• PATCHING HOLES IN WALLS
• PATCHING HOLES IN CEILINGS
3
 09 01 30
Maintenance of Tiling
Do’s Don’ts
Dry clean ceramic tile by DO NOT use abrasives or other
sweeping with a brush or dust gritty materials on GLAZED
mop or by vacuuming. TILES.
Remove minor soils by mopping DO NOT leave water or
with water. cleaning solution on the floor
any longer than necessary.
For excessive soiling, use a The use of oily sweeping
general-purpose, synthetic compounds, alkaline cleaning
detergent mixed with warm compounds, sealers, polishes, and
water for washing the surface. non-slip coatings are NOT
recommended.
Rinse thoroughly and mop up
DO NOT use acids on glazed
rinse water, leaving the floor as
tiles.
dry as possible.
Dirty grouting can be scrubbed
Avoid using steel wool pads for
with a stiff brush and a mild
scrubbing.
abrasive powder.
USE nylon abrasive pads for DO NOT use abrasive powders for
heavy duty cleaning. scrubbing ceramic tile (it is messy
and almost impossible to remove).
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Tile cleaning and sealing

This service can be done on a routine basis to lightly

soiled tile, grout and natural stone, or it can be a full
restorative cleaning for tile that has tough-to-remove
discoloration, such as mineral deposits.
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Grout cleaning and sealing

Grout can stain, chip, crack or mildew when not

sealed properly or when it hasn’t been well-
maintained.
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Color enhancing of Stone

Natural stone, such as slate, travertine and other

stones, can be color-enhanced.
Color-enhancing is when a special sealer is applied
to the stone that will make the colors more vibrant,
bringing out their true tones.
This finish can be applied with a high-shine or a
matte finish, depending on the desire.
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Polishing Stone
Polishing natural stone, such as granite, marble,
limestone, etc., is typically done in showers,
counters and floors.
It’s a multi-step process that requires a technical
expert because, if it isn’t done correctly, it can
permanently damage the stone.
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Mildew and Mold

A breeding ground for mold and mildew – especially
the areas of caulking around the edges of tubs,
shower doors and along the base of where the floor
meets the wall.
Mold and mildew also grow outside, especially
during the wet months on outdoor slate, concrete
and pavers.
 09 01 30.91 •Tile cleaning and sealing
•Grout cleaning and sealing
Tile Restoration •Color-enhancing of stone
•Polishing stone
Types of Tile Restoration •Mildew and mold
•Cracked tiles

Cracked Tiles
Tiles get cracked if something heavy is dropped on
them, but that’s not the only reason.
It can also happen if the tile hasn’t been properly
installed. For example, if not enough thin-set was
applied to support the stone while being walked on.
It can also crack from the ground settling.
When cracks appear, they can often be fixed by
adding a custom-colored epoxy or polyester filler.
With natural stones, can sometimes fill cracks with a
clear sealer.
.
 09 01 50
Maintenance of Ceilings

09 01 50.91 Ceiling Restoration

Ceiling damage can occur in a few different ways.

1.Your ceiling is showing signs of staining. If you notice different discoloration on

your ceilings, this could be due to a number of different issues. It doesn’t matter
what color or shape – if you notice ceiling spots, it’s time to consider that there may
be a problem.
2.Cracks and spidering have started to appear. Ceiling cracks can form on your
ceiling in either spiderweb patterns or straight lines. Cracks are a red flag that
ceiling problems could get worse quickly.
3.Bowed or sagging ceilings. Ceilings are typically level and straight. When ceiling
damage is close at hand, ceilings can buckle, bow and sag under pressure.
4.Paint starts to chip and peel. Just like walls, paint will stay on ceilings for many
years. If you notice peeling paint, paint flakes on your floor, or cracking paint, it
could be caused by hidden ceiling damage.
 09 01 50
Maintenance of Ceilings

09 01 50.91 Ceiling Restoration

Restoration refers to restoring something to its original condition.

 09 01 60 Maintenance of Flooring
Wood is one of the most classic, versatile and durable flooring options.

09 01 60.91 Flooring Restoration

Parquet Floor Sanding
Sanding evens out the surface of the floor
so it’s level. It also closes up any spaces
between planks, tightens loose nails, and
removes wood splits. This makes the entire
floor more resistant to traffic and furniture
weight.

Screening Hardwood Floor

Wood flooring adds richness and warmth to your
home, but it cannot keep its natural beauty without
a bit of maintenance. Over time, scratches and
general wear and tear dull the wood’s shine.
Sometimes though, you don't have to sand the floor
down to the bare wood to make it look new again.
Screening is a quick and easy refinishing option.
 09 01 70
Maintenance of Wall Finishes

Remove dust or dirt from walls Clean and remove stains from walls of the home

Repaint your old painted wall Take care of damage on the wall
 Protect from Dampness or Seepage in the wall
09 01 70.91 Wall Finish Restoration

Mix New Plaster Apply Joint Compound

Smooth Damaged Areas With a Scraper Apply the Plaster Mix to the Damaged Area Sand and Paint
 09 01 80
Maintenance of Acoustic Treatment

Maintaining the look of your acoustic panels is as important as vacuuming your carpet or dusting
around the office. Not only are acoustic panels highly sound absorptive to improve the acoustics
within the room, they can also be decorative, and add to the overall look of the space. If the
wrap material of the sound absorbing panels goes uncleaned, the colors can fade and
eventually look very different than when they were originally purchased. Moreover, this can
negatively alter the décor of the room.
 09 01 90
Maintenance of Painting and Coating

• 09 01 90.51 Paint Cleaning • 09 01 90.53

Maintenance Coatings Maintenance coatings are general
purpose coatings used primarily for
maintaining industrial structures and
for use as a top coat on a surface
whose coating has been detached or
ripped off.

• 09 01 90.92
• 09 01 90.52 Maintenance Repainting • 09 01 90.91 Coating Restoration
• 09 01 90.61 Repainting Paint Restoration
 09 05 00
Common Work Results for
Finishes

09 05 05 Selective Demolition for 09 05 13 Common

Finishes Finishes
 • 09 05 61 Common Work Results for Flooring Preparation • 09 05 71 Acoustic Underlayment

Floor coating
• 09 05 61.13 Moisture Vapor Emission Control
Moisture penetration through concrete slabs can cause
severe problems for finish flooring systems. High
concentrations of moisture and alkalinity (levels
determined through testing) can lead to the deterioration Vapor barrier
of flooring adhesives and delamination of coatings by
osmotic action. Even with relatively low moisture vapor
emissions (MVER), elevated alkalinity can compromise even
the toughest flooring system adhesives. To avoid this
problem, the concrete slab should be sealed with a material Moist concrete with high alkalinity
that will tightly bond to the concrete under these very
adverse conditions.
The End.

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PLASTER AND
GYPSUM
BOARD
09
09 20
20 00
00
PREPARED BY: SYNTECHE PABROQUEZ
 PLASTER ASSEMBLIES
• Plaster assemblies include traditional three coat systems over wood, metal, or rock lath, as well as more recent plaster
systems such as veneer plasters.
• Plaster in a traditional three coat system is unmatched in its strength and durability. This system is also fire resistive
and can reduce sound transmission.
• The oldest traces of plaster date back 9000 years to the Middle East.

23
SCRATCH COAT
To apply plaster using
traditional methods, the first
coat is called a "scratch" coat, is
applied with some of the
material being pushed between
the lath strips to hold the
plaster in place. The surface is
roughed up by scratching it with
a broom or wire brush and then
it is allowed to dry.

24
BROWN COAT

Then a second application of

plaster, known as a brown
coat. This coat is typically the
same thickness as the first, or is
a little thinner, and it anchors
itself to the first coat while
further leveling out the
surface.

25
FINISH COAT

The third and final coat is

applied over the brown coat
after it has dried. This finish
coat is troweled on and
smoothed to create a very
dense, hard and shiny surface.

26
 GYPSUM BOARD ASSEMBLIES
• Gypsum board, also known as GWB, wallboard, or drywall, is a common construction product used all over the world
to finish the inside of walls and ceilings. It is typically finished with a variety of surface applied products, including
wood, fabric, paint, and plaster.

27
 • GYPSUM IS AVAILABLE IN TWO FORMS...

NATURAL GYPSUM SYNTHETIC GYPSUM

Is a common mineral that has been mined for Is created as a by-product of industrial
centuries around the world. A naturally processing. It is composed of calcium sulfate
occurring mineral mined from deposits formed dehydrate, has the same characteristics as
by ancient sea beds as a raw material, white natural gypsum, and is a high-quality and
when pure, but commonly grey, yellow, red or environmentally friendly product.
brown, owing to impurities.

28
GYPSUM BOARD SIZES
AND TYPES
• Gypsum board is available in
48” and 54” widths and factory
cut in lengths of 8 to 16 feet.
Thicknesses vary depending on
application and/or building
code requirements.

29
COMMON TYPES:

WATER/MOISTURE
REGULAR TYPE X AND TYPE C TYPE C
RESISTANT
Standard core and paper used Made with fiberglass fibers and Has an enhanced core and is Water resistant paper face and
as a final surface for walls and other additives to improve fire required in some UL core, used in higher moisture
ceilings. resistance. assemblies. They are available areas such as bathrooms. Also
in 1/2” and 5/8” thick. available in 1/2” and 5/8”
thick.

30
COMMON TYPES:

GYPSUM CORE AND LINER

ABUSE/IMPACT RESISTANT MOLD/MILDEW RESISTANT
BOARDS
Typically 3/4” and 1” thick These products have scuff or These boards are engineered
boards used in separation walls tear resistant face paper and with greater water resistant
and shaft wall systems as dent resistant cores and are chemistry for the core and face
required by building codes. used in high traffic areas. paper to create a greater level
Available in 5/8”. of protection.

31
GYPSUM BOARD SHAFT WALL ASSEMBLIES
• Are non-load-bearing gypsum wall partition assemblies constructed from outside the shaft
at each floor. Shafts are enclosed early in construction, and the walls are finished later,
along with interior partitions. Installation is quick and easy, using components and
application procedures familiar to drywall contractors.

32
GYPSUM BOARD AREA SEPARATION WALL
ASSEMBLIES
• These wall systems have been specially developed to protect the occupants of attached and
multiple unit residences. This methods of construction is to provide safety, fire resistant, and
acoustical separation between dwelling units. These walls also provide code-compliant,
lightweight, efficient, and cost effective assemblies for builders and owners.

33
SUPPORTS FOR PLASTER
AND GYPSUM BOARD
METAL FURRING

• a non-structural metal attachment

that is used to hold a finish material,
often used as a technique for
creating a seamless plaster internal
finish with a void behind for the
installation of services, with
plasterboard fixed directly to the
concealed metal furrings.

35
METAL CHANNEL FURRING
• Is a hat-shaped corrosion-resistant
framing component used to furr out
masonry walls and ceiling assemblies.
• In concrete wall applications, furring
channel is installed vertically to the
wall surface using concrete nails or
power-driven fasteners. Gypsum
panels are then screw-attached to
the furring channels.

36
RESILIENT CHANNEL
FURRING
• One of the most effective, low-cost
methods of improving sound
transmission loss through wood and
steel frame partitions. It is used as a
cross-furring member for resilient
attachment of gypsum.

37
METAL SUSPENDED
SYSTEM

• Are made from square panels that

are supported by a metal grid system.
This grid system is suspended from a
higher ceiling.

38
LATH
• Any material fastened to the
structural members of a building to
provide a base for plaster. Lath can be
of wood, metal, gypsum, or insulated
board. In older residential buildings,
narrow wood strips were generally
used.

39
GYPSUM LATH
• One of the most common laths. It is
manufactured with an air-entrained
gypsum core sandwiched between
two layers of fibrous absorbent
paper. Sheets with reflective foil
backing provide insulation and act as
a vapor barrier.

40
METAL LATH
• A mesh formed by expanding a
perforated metal sheet, is made in a
variety of forms (diamond-mesh, flat-
ribbed, and wire lath). The sheets of
metal are slit and drawn out to form
numerous openings, creating an
irregular surface for the keying of the
plaster.

41
VENEER PLASTER BASE
• Is an interior gypsum board with a
specially formulated face paper for
use under gypsum veneer plaster. It
consists of a solid set, fire-resistive
gypsum core enclosed in a highly
absorptive paper surface.

42
GYPSUM PLASTERING

43
 ACOUSTICAL GYPSUM
PLASTERING

• Is a plaster which contains fibers or aggregate

so that it absorbs sound.
• Acoustical plaster is completely fireproof, and
LEED rated. It can withstand some basic • Is a fire-resistant plastering system that
environmental turbulence, so long as the provides safety to the building construction.
humidity does not exceed 70%, and the
system does not come in direct contact with
liquids. The plaster is porous to sound, and
other molecules can pass through with direct
contact. FIREPROOF GYPSUM
PLASTERING

44
CEMENT PLASTERING
• Is a mixture of suitable plaster, sand, Portland cement and water which is normally applied to masonry interiors
and exteriors to achieve a smooth surface.

ADOBE FINISH CEMENT STUCCO CEMENT PARGING

Adobe is a mixture of clay, traditional Portland cement Is the coating applied to the
sand, and silt with good plastic plaster (stucco) is a time-tested visible (above-grade) portion
qualities that will dry to a hard exterior finish. It consists of of your home's foundation
uniform mass. Portland cement-based walls. It is applied to both
materials and sand, mixed with poured-concrete and concrete-
water to form a workable block foundations to hide
plaster. surface imperfections, marks
from formwork and the like, so
its role is essentially
decorative.
45
OTHER PLASTERING

46
ACRYLIC PLASTERING
• Is ready-made finishing plaster for
protection and decoration of
surfaces, indoors and outdoors. It can
be applied on façades made of fine
lime-cement and cement plasters,
concrete surfaces and as finishing
layer on COLOR EPS external thermal
insulation system.

47
LIME BASED PLASTERING

• Is a type of plaster composed of

sand, water, and lime, usually non-
hydraulic hydrated lime (also known
as slaked lime, high calcium lime or
air lime).

48
NATURAL CLAY
PLASTERING
• Natural clay plaster is a practical,
environmentally friendly material
that can be used instead of paint to
decorate interior walls and ceilings.
• Natural clay plaster is made from
pure clays and aggregates, with
coloring that comes from natural
oxides and ochre mineral pigments.

49
VENEER PLASTERING
• Plaster veneer (US terminology) or
plaster skim (UK terminology) is a
construction methodology for
surfacing interior walls, by applying a
thin layer of plaster over a substrate
typically over specially formulated
gypsum board base, similar in nature
to drywall.

50
PLASTIC FABRICATION

51
 GLASS-FIBER-
REINFORCED GYPSUM
FABRICATION
• Consists of high strength resistant glass
fibers bonded with high density gypsum
cement to produce panels that traditionally
were done with plaster castings.
• It is lighter in weight, superior in strength,
much easier to install than the traditional
plaster castings, and can be formed to a
better detail.

52
BACKING BOARD AND
UNDERLAYMENT

53
CEMENTITIOUS BACKING
BOARD
• commonly used to form a base for
ceramic tile. Also called a
cementitious backer unit or CBU.
Because cement backer board is
porous, thinset, grout, and mortar
adhere well to it.

54
 GLASS-MAT FACED
GYPSUM BACKING
BOARDS

• Consists of a treated water-resistant,

easy to use panel for walls, floors,
and ceilings. The gypsum core that is
covered with a coated fiberglass mat
facer and back and has a proprietary
surface making it ideal for use in wet
areas as a tile substrate.

55
 FIBER GYPSUM BACKING
BOARDS
• A water-resistant core for supreme
durability and superior performance
in wet and dry environments alike.
• Flexibility, strength, and superior
water resistance deliver optimal
performance in wet areas like tub
and shower surrounds.

56
 GYPSUM BOARD
FIREPROOFING
• Gypsum is approximately 21 percent
by weight chemically combined water
which greatly contributes to its
effectiveness as a fire resistive
barrier.
• Fire rated gypsum drywall contains
glass fiber reinforcement and other
additives within its specially
formulated gypsum core to help it
hold up longer to a fire exposure.

57
TILING
09 30 00

5
8
TYPES OF TILING

CERAMIC TILING QUARRY TILING PAVER TILING GLASS MOSAIC TILING

• Ceramic tile is made up of • Is a hard, impervious paving
tile made from the ground • A paver is a paving stone, • Glass tiles are made from
sand, natural products, and tile, brick or brick-like piece thin pieces of glass with
clays and once it has been minerals formed and fired
in much the same way as is of concrete commonly used translucent glaze fired onto
molded into shape they are as exterior flooring. the back of each tile.
then fired in a kiln. used to make brick.
TYPES OF TILING

CONCRETE TILING METAL TILING STONE TILING BRICK TILING

• Cement tiles are made • Metal tiles are generally • Natural stone floors are • Brick tiles, also known
from a mixture of sand, made from copper, tin, queried materials cut into as brick slips
cement, color pigment, and aluminum and stainless uniform tiles. You can use or brick veneers, are thin
a marble powder that is steel, with recycled tiles them on floors, walls, and slivers of a
poured into metal molds, being environmentally- backsplashes throughout regular brick that can be
backed by a dry concrete friendly and popular today. the home. used much like a
mixture, and then ceramic tile.
compressed under 2,000
pounds of pressure.

60
 CONDUCTIVE TILING

• A floor tile material used for

the mitigation of electrostatic
discharge (ESD) composed of
carpet, rubber, epoxy, paint or
vinyl composition tile.
Conductive tile meets the
same electrical parameters as
“conductive flooring.”

61
 WATERPROOFING-MEMBRANE TILING

• Waterproofing-membrane tiling utilizes a sheet,

liquid or urethane membrane beneath tiling to
prevent water from damaging the wood structure
of a building. Waterproof membranes can be used
under a various types of tile including; ceramic,
quarry, paver, glass, mosaic, plastic, metal and
stone.

62
END

6
3
09 50 00 CEILINGS
 09 50 00 CEILINGS
• Is an overhead interior surface that covers the
upper limits of a room. It is not generally
considered a structural element, but a finished
surface concealing the underside of the roof
structure or the floor of a story above. Ceilings
can be decorated to taste, and there are many fine
examples of frescoes and artwork on ceilings
especially in religious buildings. A ceiling can also
be the upper limit of a tunnel.
 09 51 00 ACOUSTICAL CEILINGS
• Acoustical ceilings are used by interior designers
seeking an affordable way to lower the height of a
modern room and also deaden ambient noise. Typically,
a grid work of metal strips is hung from the room's
true ceiling and individual panels of sound-absorbing
material are dropped into the sections. Heating and
cooling ducts can be hidden behind acoustical ceilings,
along with wires for overhead lighting and pipes for
plumbing fixtures.
 ACOUSTIC CEILING PANELS
• Acoustic ceiling panels serve as barriers
to block sound from traveling to
adjacent rooms and also as a means to
reduce the noise within a room. As they
soften, remove, and diffuse sounds,
acoustic panels help create a more
pleasant environment, free of echoes
and bothersome noise.
 ACOUSTIC CEILING TILES
• Acoustic ceiling tiles lay into a suspended or
dropped ceiling grid and are used alter the acoustics
in the room. These tiles can be made of various
acoustical materials like fiberglass, foam, wood,
polyester, and other substrates.
• Originally created to conceal unsightly infrastructure
like wiring, ductwork, or plumbing.
• Sound absorbing acoustic ceiling tiles are the most
common. Absorptive ceiling tiles help to reduce the
reverberation reflecting around a space.
 ACOUSTIC WOOD CEILING

• Acoustic wood ceiling systems offer the beauty of real

wood with the added benefit of acoustic performance.
• Perforated rigid materials, in conjunction with absorptive
backings, allow for aesthetically pleasing finishes along with
exceptional acoustic performance.
• Acoustic wood ceiling panels are fabricated in a variety of
configurations to meet a majority of acoustical
requirements. Though flat, rigid materials are inherently
reflective, balancing sound reflection and absorption is
achieved through perforation.
09 54 00 SPECIALTY CEILINGS
 LUMINOUS CEILINGS
• Luminous ceilings installed during construction.
Luminous ceiling are suspended systems that provide
light to an interior space, similar to sunlight through
roof openings. The systems incorporate translucent
panels or tiles, which are held in place by a ceiling
suspension system and electrical lighting fixtures;
LED or fluorescent.
 LINEAR METAL CEILINGS
• A simple to install, premium linear metal ceiling system
ideal for budget applications requiring aesthetic
treatments or integral design feature.

• Linear metal ceilings are perfect for a wide range of

applications from commercial spaces to public building
projects, schools, and more.
• Typically used in spaces where the design has greater
importance than the efficiency of the lighting, linear
metal ceilings are a type of suspended ceiling.
 09 56 00 TEXTURED CEILINGS

• Textured ceilings are manufactured specialty ceilings

that have a distinct textured surface. Gypsum or
metal panels are available in a variety of sizes, colors
and textures.
 09 58 00 INTEGRATED CEILING

• A suspended ceiling system in which

acoustical, illumination, and air-
handling components are combined a
s an integral part of a grid.
 09 66 00
TERRAZZO FLOORING
 09 66 00 TERRAZZO FLOORING
• Terrazzo is a ceramic substance that is used to create
flooring. It's made up of a combination of aggregate
chips, such as stone or marble, and epoxy resin or
concrete. It can be poured as concrete or laid in
bricks that can be found both indoors and outdoors.

• Originally used mainly in industrial buildings, it

has gained popularity in homes as a material for
kitchen surfaces such as countertops and
backsplashes, in addition to flooring. Colors and
flecks can be modified, making for a full variety
of design options. Terrazzo floors are as light as
they come and as long-lasting as they get.
 RUSTIC TERRAZZO FLOORING
• Terrazzo with a non-grind, textured surface,
commonly for exterior use. This system is
available with Sand Cushion, Bonded, Structural
and Monolithic.
• surface, commonly for exterior use. This
system is available with Sand Cushion, Bonded,
Structural and Monolithic. Infinitely variable
textures, colors and patterns may be created in
a weather-resistant, skid resistant deck surface.
 SAND CUSHION TERRAZZO FLOORING
• A cement matrix topping over
underbed/screed with wire reinforcing,
isolation sheet, and sand layer system for
interior floor use.This is considered by many
as the premier cement based system.
• 2 ½” to 3” including a ½” terrazzo topping
• 25-30 lbs. PSF.
 MONOLITHIC TERRAZZO FLOORING
• This normal ½” thick cement matrix veneer placed
upon a provided concrete slab is dependent on the
concrete quality for flatness and crack prevention.
• Fast installation and the most economical price
make it ideal where time and budget are critical but
where beauty, low maintenance, and the
performance of terrazzo is desired
• ½” terrazzo topping.
• 5-7 lbs. PSF.
 BONDED TERRAZZO FLOORING
• A cement matrix and underbed system for interior
and exterior areas where conditions require 1 ¼”:
to 1 ¾” of recessed depth to be filled in addition
to the ½” terrazzo filling.
• With the sand-cement mortar underbed it has less
dependence on the concrete slab for flatness when
compared to monolithic.
• 18-22 lbs. PSF.
 EPOXY TERRAZZO FLOORING
• A nominal ⅜” thick resin matrix veneer placed upon
an interior flat concrete slab; in addition to traditional
marble chips, also can be specified with granite, glass,
plastics, metal , and other aggregates to provide
brilliant colors, unique accents, chemical resistance.
Epoxy terrazzo has the greatest tensile, compressive,
and flexural strength of any system
 POLYACRYLATE TERRAZZO FLOORING
• A nominal ⅜” thick polymer modified
cement matrix veneer placed upon a
provided flat concrete slab. Polymer
provides added strength to allow for
thinner applications of cement systems.
• 4 ½ lbs. PSF.
 PALLADIANA TERRAZZO FLOORING
• Palladiana terrazzo is a type of mosaic
finish incorporating the use of large
marble slabs at 3/8″ to 1″ thick. Installers
will create a layout of the floor using the
marble slabs and later fill in the joints
between the slabs with standard terrazzo.
• Palladiana takes it one step more and uses
marble slabs up to 15″ in dimension
Division 9
•09 61 00 Flooring Treatment
•09 62 00 Specialty Flooring
•09 63 00 Masonry Flooring
•09 64 00 Wood Flooring
•09 65 00 Resilient Flooring
•09 66 00 Terrazzo Flooring
•09 67 00 Fluid – Applied Flooring
•09 68 00 Carpeting
•09 69 00 Access Flooring
09 60 13 Acoustic Underlayment

09 60 50 Flooring Adhesives

The goal of these codes is to

reduce the noise exposure to
those within the building,
promoting their well-being. Flooring adhesive is any type of
strong, permanent glue for
EX:
•Student housing adhering flooring materials to
•Apartment complexes a subfloor or underlayment.
•Hotels
 09 61 00FLOORING TREATMENT
Treatments can be used to enhance the
appearance of the floor, including stained
concrete floors, polished concrete floors, and
painted concrete floors. Many of these will
provide additional protection for the concrete,
sealing it against water penetration and forming
an easy-to-clean layer.

09 61 13 Slip Resistant Treatment

09 61 19 Concrete Floor Staining
09 61 36 Static Resistant Flooring Treatment
09 61 80 Sound Isolation Membranes
09 61 85 Sound Control Underlayments
 1. Acid-Stained Concrete Floors

The use of certain stains can give the floor a

mottled appearance, which helps to hide dirt.

Example: Kitchen Floors

 2.Acid-Stained Concrete Floors With
Faux Grout Lines

Acid-stained concrete often can mimic the look

of other flooring materials, especially marble with its
similar color variation. And you can give the impression
of a tile floor by adding faux grout lines to your
concrete.
 3. Stained and Polished Concrete Floors

To create polished concrete floors, the surface is ground

down with progressively finer abrasive pads. You can
achieve an extremely high-gloss, mirror-like finish if
you go to the finest grit of pads.

Ex: modern Loft – type Apartments

 4. Dyed Concrete Floors

Concrete flooring can also be dyed to give it your

preferred color. This has created a rich, smooth
finish that is uniform across the entire floor.

EX: Kitchen
 5. Painted Concrete Floors

Epoxy treatments are often used to seal and repair a damaged concrete
subfloor. Epoxy is a strong material that can be poured into cracks and
crevices to help level the surface. But epoxy also is available in a variety
of colors, allowing you to create unique hues and designs on your
floor. In fact, epoxy-painted concrete floors make it possible to achieve
all the same effects you can create with ordinary paint.

Ex: home, high-traffic commercial applications

 Floor
TYPES OF
FLOOR FINISHES

Finishes
 HARDWOOD / ENGINEERED WOOD

PROS:
•Most can attest that hardwood
flooring can last for decades—
especially with proper maintenance
like keeping it dry and sanding once
every few years.
•Its timeless aesthetic and recyclability
make it more valuable than most
flooring finishes.
•Engineered wood can give you the
same look and feel of hardwood floors
and can even be sanded once or twice.
It is easy to install and can be walked
on as soon as it is laid out.
CONS:
•Hardwood can be pricier and can now be hard to acquire.
•Most of the hardwood flooring that we get come from old demolished
houses and it's even harder to get new solid ones.
•Engineered wood offers limited variety when it comes to the kind of
wood used.
 CONCRETE FINISHES

PROS:
•Concrete finishes tend to be
cost-effective, especially
since no other additional floor
finish will be added to the
cost.
•It is durable and can
withstand hard traffic.

CONS:
•Installation is left to
professionals since there will
be sanding and sealing
involved in the process.
•Hairline cracks may also be
visible through time.
 LAMINATES

PROS:
•Laminates come in a variety of
finishes.
•With HD printing and photography
techniques nowadays, it almost looks
like the real thing.
•It is budget-friendly, easy to install,
and remove.
•Often used in bedrooms, dining, and
living areas, it is easy to maintain and
relatively durable. Laminates are
scratch- and stain-resistant because
of its wear layers as well.
CONS:
•This type of floor finish cannot be refinished, so once a plank is
subjected to wear and damage, you need to replace it instead.
•Most laminates are made from high-density fiberboard—making the
planks seem harder than real wood. It also makes sound bounce around
a room, resulting in an area that's acoustically weak.
 RESILIENT FLOORING

Carpets are textile floor

coverings which provide warmth
and comfort. It is a good
acoustic insulator—making it a
popular floor finish for home
theaters. However, once stained,
it can be difficult to remove
these and it can harbor dust
mites and other insects because
of the pile.
Linoleum is made from natural materials, mainly of linseed oil. It
is easy to install and easy to clean. However, it can be prone to
discoloration when exposed to extreme sunlight. It is
recommended for indoor use.
Vinyl is often used in sheets and comes in various finishes and
patterns. It is highly durable and can last for almost 15 years if well-
maintained. It's important to note that vinyl is also prone to dents and
tears if not installed properly.
 NATURAL STONE

PROS:
•Going for this kind of floor finish
gives you longevity, durability, and
beauty overtime.
•These are best for high traffic
areas and can be used both indoors
and outdoors.
•It’s also ideal for warm climates
since stone tends to gain heat
slowly.

CONS:
•Taking into consideration the solidity of stone, it can be hard on the
knees and feet.
•It is also expensive as it is not renewable until after a million years.
•Installation and maintenance can also be a bit costly.
 CERAMIC TILES

PROS:
•Aside from being very affordable,
ceramic tiles can cover a wide range of
faux finishes, even those mimicking
wood grains.
•It is durable and easy to clean, even
recommended for spaces that require
high standard of hygiene.
•Tile shapes are also not limited to
rectangular pieces; there are suppliers
that produce octagon- and hexagon-
shaped tiles.

CONS:
•Installation can be costly and difficult—more so if you're going for a
special execution that forms a herringbone pattern.
•You need to clean it frequently as grout in between the tiles can
accumulate mildew, especially in humid areas like bathrooms.
Division 9
•097200 Wall Coverings
•097300 Wall Carpeting
•097400 Flexible Wood Sheets
•097500 Stone Facing
•097600 Plastic Blocks
•097700 Special Wall Surfacing
•097800 Interior Wall Paneling
TEXTURED WALL FINISH
WALLPAPER
3D WALL PAINTING
CLADDING
MIRROR WALL FINISH
STAINED GLASS FINISH
PEBBLES FINISH
FLAKES FINISH
CORAL FINISH
CANFOR FINISH
WOOD PANELLING
SAND TEXTURED FINISH
THANK YOU
 DIVISION IX

FINISHES
09800 ACOUSTIC TREATMENT,
09900 PAINTS AND COATINGS

PREPARED BY: HABAN, JOSHUA

 T
N
C
E
I
M
T
098000 ACOUSTIC TREATMENT
098100 ACOUSTICAL SPACE UNIITY
098200 ACOUSTIC INSULATION AND SEALANT

S
T
098300 ACOUSTIC BARRIER
098300 ACOUSTIC FINISHES
098400 ACOUSTICAL WALL TREATMENT

A
U
098400 ACOUSTIC ROOM COMPONENTS

O
E
C
R
A
T
 LISTEN CAREFULLY

A C O U S T I C
T R E A T M E N T
 T
098000

N
C
ACOUSTICS

E
I
M
T
Acoustics is the interdisciplinary

S
T
science that deals with the study
of all mechanical waves in gases,
liquids, and solids including

A
U
vibration, sound, ultrasound and
infrasound.

O
E
C
R
A
T
A C O U S T I C
T R E A T M E N T
 T
098000

N
C
ACOUSTICS

E
I
M
T
CONSIDERATIONS:

S
T
I NTERNAL ROOM NOISE WALL FLANKING DOORS
FINISHES SHAPE LEVELS HEIGHT

A
U
O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
N
C
098000

E
I
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT
Acoustic treatment is the process of improving the acoustic properties of a room. Architectural

M
T
Acoustics is the science of controlling the sound in spaces. Many of the members of this field
have a background in architecture, engineering, music, and physics.

S
T
A
U
SOUNDPROOFING TREATMENT

O
E
“Less noise” “Better Sound”

C
R
A
T
 T
N
C
098000

E
ACOUSTICAL SPACE UNIT

I
M
T
What does the function of the space do to its acoustical needs?

•Some spaces need to be quiet to function properly like libraries & museums.

S
T
•In some spaces, the function requires that a speaker be heard clearly like in

A
U
lecture halls and classrooms.

•For some spaces, there is the need to keep sound within the closed room like

O
E
in counseling offices.

C
R
A
T
 T
N
C
098000

E
ACOUSTICAL SPACE UNIT

I
M
T
FACTOR
S

S
T
REVERBERATIOIN REFLECTION ABSORBTION

In an enclosed space, Sound waves often strike a means of solving

A
U
when a sound source many surfaces before problems of
stops emitting energy, it reaching the listener. reverberation and
takes some time for the reflection.

O
E
sound to become
inaudible

C
R
A
T
A C O U S T I C
T R E A T M E N T
 T
098100

N
C
ACOUSTIC INSULATION

E
I
M
T
Acoustic insulation, (or soundproofing) is all about adding mass,

S
T
mass and more mass. This helps to stop noise from passing so
easily through a structure. The most effective soundproofing

A
U
solutions don't just add more of the same mass, they add mass
which is comprised of different materials.

O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098200
INSULATION

N
C
ACOUSTICS AND SEALANT

E
I
ACOUSTIC INSULATION ACOUSTIC SEALANT

M
T
S
T
A
U
O
E
Acoustic insulation is a special type of Acoustic Sealant is a high strength,
material used when you need to permanently flexible sealant and adhesive
soundproof an area. The acoustic specifically formulated for sealing

C
R
insulation is designed to reduce the perimeters and gaps where sound may
number of decibels (dB) or to absorb escape.
sound

A
T
 098200

A C O U S T I C
T R E A T M E N T
 T
098300

N
C
ACOUSTIC BARRIER

E
I
M
T
Acoustic Barrier act as insulators and are basically

S
T
modified to prevent sound waves coming from the

A
external environment and thus creating a soundproof

U
environment.

O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098300

N
C
ACOUSTIC FINISHES

E
I
M
T
Acoustic finishes are a variety of methods to create a finishing that works to help
absorb or block sounds in a confined space. It can be constructed in many different

S
T
materials and finishes

A
U
PLASTER TILEWORKS TERRAZO TREATMENTS PAINTS & COATS

O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098400

N
C
ACOUSTICAL WALL

E
I
TREATMENT

M
T
Sound treatments are used when you want to improve sound quality within
an environment.

S
T
To reduce the noise coming into and going out of a room, one must increase
the structural mass of the walls

A
U
O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098400

N
C
ACOUSTIC ROOM COMPONENTS

E
I
FIXED MOVABLE

M
T
Fixed Sound-Absorptive/reflective

S
T
Movable Sound-Absorptive/reflective
material and components that are
materials and components that can
embedded already in the Walls,
be move whenever it’s necessary
Ceilings, and Flooring.

A
U
and needed.

O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098400

N
C
ACOUSTIC ROOM COMPONENTS

E
I
M
T
S
T
THE MEASUREMENT OF NOISE
REDUCTION COEFFICIENT (NCR)

A
U
goes from reflected (0.00) to
perfectly absorbed (1.00)

O
E
C
R
A
T
 T
098400

N
C
ACOUSTIC ROOM COMPONENTS

E
I
M
T
What mitigating factors effect the use of acoustically sound materials?

S
T
FUNDS FUNCTION

A
U
O
E
C
R
A
T
 099000

PAINTS AND COATING

 T
N
C
E
I
M
T
099000 PAINTING AND COATING
099100 PAINTING
099300 STAINS AND TRANSPARENT FINISHES

S
T
099400 DECORATIVE FINISHES
099500 WALL COVERINGS
099600 HIGH PERFORMANCE COATING

A
U
099700 COATINGS FOR STEEL
099800 COATINGS FOR CONCRETE AND
099900 MASONRY

O
E
PAINT RESTORATION

C
R
A
T
 G
099000

PAINTS

AND
AND COATINGS

N
S
I
Construction and maintenance of buildings and structures require many paints. A
strength model is proposed depending on the surface roughness of the coating. The
influence of the scale factor on the change in the strength of coatings is established.

T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099100

PAINTS

AND
N
S
I
is any liquid, liquifiable, or mastic composition which after
application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an
opaque solid film.

T
T
A
N
PIGMENT BINDER SOLVENT ADDITIVE
granular solids is the actual film to adjust the usually added in small

O
I
incorporated in forming component viscosity of amounts to provide a
the paint to of paint. It is the only the paint significant effect on
contribute color. component that the product.

A
C
must be present in
paint.

P
 G
099100

INTERIOR PAINTING

AND
N
There are several different types of interior wall paints, and the more you know about

S
I
appropriate paintable surfaces and the effects that paint can achieve, the easier it is to
make the right choice.

T
T
MATTE PAINT MATTE ENAMEL SATIN EGGSHELL SEMI-GLOSS
HIGH GLOSS

A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099100

EXTERIOR PAINTING

AND
N
Exterior paints specializes in painting the exterior walls of your

S
I
house. walls that are more exposed & subjected to nature,
wear & tear.

T
T
WATER-BASED OIL-BASED

A
N
Latex and acrylic paints“Water-based Alkyd (synthetic) Oil-based paint is more
paints, which are also called latex durable, but it takes longer to dry, and
paints, consist of a pigment and binder cleanup requires turpentine or paint

O
I
with water used as a carrier, thinner

A
C
P
 G
099300
STAINS AND TRANSPARENT FINISHES

AND
N
Clear coatings are designed to give the bare or stained surface a

S
I
protective finish. Interior Stains. Interior stains are used to add color and
beauty to wood, fiberglass, and composite surfaces. Topcoat Finishes.

T
T
Water-Based Clear Finishes. Polyurethanes. Tung Oil. Varnishes.
Lacquers.

A
N
OPAQUE STAINS TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENT
STAINS FINISH

O
I
A
C
P
 STAINS
099300

TYPES OF
Oil Stain -Oil stains are the most widely available and the type of stain most people think of when they think of stain.

Varnish Stain - Varnish stains resemble oil stains in every way but one. Varnish stains use only varnish (sometimes
polyurethane varnish) as the binder, so varnish stains dry hard while oil stains don’t.

Water-Based Stain- Water-based stains use water-based finish as the binder and replace most of the organic thinner
with water.

Gel Stain - Most gel stains are oil-based, so they thin and clean up with mineral spirits.

Lacquer Stain - Lacquer stains use very fast drying binders and solvents.

Water-Soluble Dye Stain - Water-soluble dyes are sold in powder form, which makes them easy to identify.

Metal-Complex (Metalized) Dye Stain -Metalized dyes are usually available thinned with acetone (methanol was once
used) and ready to use.
 G
099400

DECORATIVE FINISHES

AND
N
S
I
Surface finishing is a key method for adding
value to a component. Both functional and

T
T
decorative finishing can add value to a product
by increasing functional performance or

A
N
enhancing product appearance.

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099400

DECORATIVE FINISHING

AND
N
S
I
Materials and items used to improve the service

T
T
and decorative qualities of buildings and
structures, as well as to protect structural

A
N
members from atmospheric and other effects.

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099500

AND
WALL COVERINGS

N
S
I
Your surface materials set the foundational style of your
space, which is why covering your walls in the right one

T
T
is so important. From texture-effect wallpapers to three-
dimensional materials, these wall-covering ideas will

A
N
spice up any room in a big way.

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099600

AND
HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

N
S
I
High-performance coatings are typically used in
environments where structures and surfaces require

T
T
enhanced abrasion and chemical resistance and
require added durability. They are designed to meet the

A
N
requirements of their primary function, which is to
protect the surface that they are coating.

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099600

AND
HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

N
S
I
Paint, by definition, is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that
converts to a solid film after application to a substrate in a thin layer. Its

T
T
main purpose is to leave behind a color on a wall, and some are slightly
enhanced for use in different environments

A
N
Aggression of corrosion with heat, chemicals, and/or abrasion,

O
I
generic polymer coatings often suffer when exposed to these
elements

A
C
P
 G
099700

AND
COATINGS FOR STEEL

N
S
I
Metal coatings are used to prevent ferrous metals

T
T
from corroding and to improve the appearance of

all metals. Each type of coating accomplishes a

A
N
different goal and has its own appearance

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099700

AND
COATINGS FOR STEEL

N
Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide

S
I
layer on the surface of metal parts.

T
T
Galvanizing
Galvanizing is a process by which a layer of zinc is applied to a ferrous metal to prevent

A
N
corrosion. The process most-commonly refers to hot-dip galvanizing, where a piece of steel is
dipped into a bath of molten zinc.

O
I
Electroplating

A
C
Electric current is used to adhere a solution of (generally) cadmium and chromium to a metal.

P
 G
099700

AND
COATINGS FOR STEEL

N
S
Powder Coatings

I
A dry powder is electrostatically applied to a metal part. The part is
then cured under heat of about 200 degrees Fahrenheit, which

T
T
produces a very consistent and pleasing appearance.

A
N
Porcelain Enamel Coatings
Most seen in cast-iron cookware, enamel coatings provide a smooth

O
and consistent coating that is resistant to stains and scratches. The

I
coating also prevents corrosion Since they are resistant to stains,
enamel coatings provide easy cleaning for surfaces prone to graffiti.

A
C
P
 G
099800

AND
COATINGS FOR CONCRETE

N
AND MASONRY

S
I
They are typically designed to penetrate

T
T
the concrete or masonry substrate and
provide a limited amount of protection

A
N
from rain, chlorides and acids.

O
I
A
C
P
 G
099900
PAINT RESTORATION

AND
N
S
I
Paint upkeep should be done on regular
basis, to keep the value and appearance.

T
T
A
N
Making use of cleansers or any heavy
restoration materials. In such cases liquid

O
I
or dry commercial cleansers can be used.

A
C
P
 G
099900
PAINT

AND
RESTORATION

N
S
I
T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099900

PAINT

AND
RESTORATION

N
S
I
T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099900
PAINT RESTORATION

AND
N
S
I
T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099900
PAINT RESTORATION

AND
N
S
I
T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 G
099900
PAINT RESTORATION

AND
N
S
I
T
T
A
N
O
I
A
C
P
 END
DIVISION IX

DIVISION 10