CSE Complete Reviewer Solution

6. What is -25 + 16? -9

1. 2187, 729, 243 , 82, 27, 9, 3
Solution: To easily answer this item, align the
Explanation: Divide each number by 3.
numbers by its place.
(-25)
2. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81
+ 16
Explanation: -9
12 = 1
22 = 4
Explanation: Adding a positive number to a
32 = 9
negative number is similar to subtracting a
…
positive number from another positive number.
92 = 81
DON’T FORGET the NEGATIVE SIGN (-), if
needed.
3. 13, -21, 34, -55, 89, -144
Explanation:
Other Examples:
13 – (-21) = 34 (-5) + 6 = 1
(-21) – 34 = (-55)
(-6) + 3 = (-3)
34 – (-55) = 89
(-2) + 2 = 0
(-55) – 89 = -144
7. What is 107 – (-17)? 124
Rule: Double negative means addition.
Solution:
107
Other Examples:
- (-17)
-2 – (-2) = 0
124
-5 – (-10) = 5
3 – (-4) = 7
* see 3 for explanation.
4. AZ CX EV GT IR KP
8. (-9)(-22) = 198
Explanation:
Explanation: Two consecutive numbers enclosed
For the first letter, it skips every 1 letter of the in parentheses means multiplication,
alphabet starting from A.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV Rule:
WXYZ
(+)(+) = (+)
(+)(–) = (–)
For the second letter, it skips every 1 letter of the
(–)(–) = (+)
alphabet starting from Z.
The rule also applies in division.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV
WXYZ 9. (21)(-4) + (8)(-2) = -100
Solution:
5. A5 D25 G125 J625 M3125 P15625 (21)(-4) = -84
Explanation: (8)(-2) = -16
For the letters, it skips every 2 letters of the
(-84) + (-16) = -100
alphabet.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV
Rule: Remember the rule PEMDAS, where P
WXYZ
stands for parentheses, E for exponent, (MD) for
multiplication/division, and (AS) for
For the numbers, each is multiplied by 5. addition/subtraction. It is the order by which you
5 x 5 = 25 will perform the operations.
25 x 5 = 125
…
125 x 5 = 15625
Prepared by: Camille Angela A. Magpayo
10. (-560) / 7 = -80 13. What is the Greatest Common Factor of 36 and
* see rule in 8. 54? 18

11. 6/8 + 2 ½ + 4/12 is also the same as? Rule: Greatest Common Factor, or GCF, is the
¾ + 5/2 + 1/3 largest common factor of numbers. This is
helpful in finding the simplest forms of fractions,
Explanation: Express the numbers in simplest and simplifying polynomials.
form.
Similar to LCD, we may find the GCF of
12. What is the Least Common Denominator of 1/8, numbers through Listing Method or through
¾, and 1/16? 16 Prime Factorization.

Rule: To perform addition or subtraction on But for this item, we will only discuss the Prime
fractions, the denominator (the number at the Factorization. (For in simplifying polynomials, I
bottom of the fraction) must be the same. To do usually divide the numbers by their common
this easily, we must find the Least Common factors until I can no longer find a common
Denominator, or LCD, to avoid large numbers or factor.)
to find the simplest form of the sum or difference
of the numbers. Explanation:
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
There are two ways to find the LCD. The first is 54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3
through Listing Method. The second is through
Prime Factorization. To find the GCF, multiply all the common factors
of each number.
Listing Method:
List the multiples of the all the numbers until you 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
find the common number.
For this item, 14. What is the sum of ½ + 8/4 + 6/12? 3
4 8 16 Solution:
8 16 There are two ways to answer this problem.
16 1) Find the LCD, then perform the operation/s.
See 12 for explanation.
Prime Factorization: 6/12 + 24/12 + 6/12 = 36/12 or 3
Find all the PRIME factors of the numbers. Prime
numbers are those which factors are 1 and itself. 2) Simplify the fractions, then perform the
Examples are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11... operation/s.
½ + 4/2 + ½ = 6/2 or 3
For this item,
4 =2x2 You may use any method which you are
8 =2x2x2 comfortable with.
16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x2
15. 3/9 x 2/3 = 6/27
After finding the prime factors, multiply all the Explanation: In multiplying fractions, simply
common factors in each number once by the multiply all the numerators and all the
unique factors. For this item, 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 denominators.
3x2= 6
Other Example: 9 3 27
6 =2x3
8 =2x2x2
20 = 2 x 2 x 5 Answer: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 120

Prepared by: Camille Angela A. Magpayo

16. ¾ / 1/8 = 6 19. What is ¼ in decimal? 0.25
Explanation: In dividing fractions, we will get the Explanation:
reciprocal of the fraction in the denominator, then Converting a fraction to a decimal is the same as
perform multiplication. performing division.

3 x 8 = 24 or 6 20. What is the ratio of ½ to 2/5? 5:4

4 1 4 Explanation:
Getting the ratio is similar to performing
An easier way is NOT to multiply the numbers in division. See 16 for explanation.
the numerator FIRST, so that it will be less
complicated to divide numbers. This is especially 1 x 5 = 5 or 5:4
helpful in multiplying large numbers, or in 2 2 4
performing operations on polynomials.
If we will be left with a whole number, the
Alternate Solution: number at the right side of the ratio is 1.
3 x 8 = 3 x (4)(2)
4 1 4 Example:
7 is the same as 7/1, which would translate to 7:1
This way, you can cancel out the 4 in the
numerator and the denominator and you will be 21. 2.12 multiplied by 10 to the 6th power is?
left with: 3 x (2) = 6 2 120 000

17. What is the decimal form of ¾ %? 0.0075 Solution:

Explanation: 10^6 or 106 = 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10
This is a trick question. The first that we have to = 1 000 000
do is to convert ¾ to a decimal. Take note that
the percentage (%) sign is not yet included. 2.12 x 1 000 000 = 2 120 000

This is now equivalent to 0.75%. But the solution 22. 25 multiplied by 10 to the fifth power is?
does not end here. We still have to convert it into 2 500 000
decimal form, as this is still the percentage form.
To do this, we simply have to move the decimal Solution:
two places to the left. 25 x 100 000 = 2 500 000

This is now equivalent to 0.0075. * see 21 for expanded solution.

18. Convert 3.4% to a fraction. 3.4/100 23. Find the value of x in the equation: 5x +25 = 10
Explanation: x = -3
First convert the percentage form to decimal
form. Follow the steps in 17. 3.4% = 0.034 Solution:
5x + 25 = 10  5x = 10 – 25
0.034 is equivalent to 0.034  5x = -15
1  5x = -15
5 5
This is the same as 0.34, 3.4, 34  x = -3
10 100 1000

Rule: For every movement of the decimal to the

right, multiply the denominator by 10 (add zero).

Prepared by: Camille Angela A. Magpayo

24. If x = 8, find the value of y in the equation: Let x = Sara’s age
4x – 2y = 28. 2x = James’ age
y=2 5 (2x) = James’ Dad’s age

Solution: In 2 years…
4x – 2y = 28  4(8) – 2y = 28 x + 2 = Sara’s age
 32 – 2y = 28 2x + 2 = James’ age
 (-2y) = 28 – 32 5 (2x) + 2 = James’ Dad’s age
 (-2y) = -4
 (-2y) = -4 (x+ 2) + (2x + 2) + (5 (2x) + 2) = 58
-2 = -2 x + 2x + 10x + 2 + 2 + 2 = 58
y=2 13x + 6 = 58
13x = 58 – 6
25. Find the value of x if y = 8 in the equation: 13x = 52
2x + 4y = 50. x=3
x=9
Substituting, James’ age is 2(3) = 6 years old
Solution:
2x + 4y = 50  2x + 4(8) = 50 28. Cathy scored 85, 87, 90, 95, 100 in her Math
 2x + 32 = 50 exams. What will be her average grade in Math
 2x = 50 – 32 from this period? 91.4
 2x = 18
x=9 85 + 87 + 90 + 95 + 100 = 457
457 / 5 = 91.4

26. Kit is twice as old as his friend Sam. Sam is 5 29. Letty left home and drove at the rate of 50 miles
years older than Cara. In 5 years, Kit will be per hour for 2 hours. She Stopped for lunch and
three times as old as Cara. How old is Sam? drove for another 4 hours at 65 mph to reach Los
Sam’s age = 5 years old. Angeles. How many miles did Letty drive to
reach LA? 360 miles
Let x = Cara’s age
x + 5 = Sam’s age 1) 50 mph for 2 hours 50 x 2 = 100 miles
2 (x + 5) = Kit’s age 2) 65 mph for 4 hours  65 x 4 = 260 miles

In 5 years… 100 + 260 miles = 360 miles

x + 5 = Cara’s age
(x + 5) +5 = Sam’s age 30. Michelle went to SM for the 3-day sale. She
2 (x + 5) + 5 = Kit’s age bought a new pair of shoes and paid only P2,450
discounted for 20% off. What was the original
3 (x+5) = 2 (x+5) +5 price of the shoes?
3x + 15 = 2x + 10 +5
3x – 2x = 10 + 5 – 15 Let x = original price of shoes
x=0
x – 0.20x = 2450
Substituting, Sam’s age is (0) + 5 = 5 0.80x = 2450
0.80x = 2450
27. James’ dad is 5 times older that James, and James 0.80 0.80
is twice as old as his sister Sara. In two years, the x = 245 000 See 18 for explanation.
sum of their ages will be 58. How old is James 80
now? James’ age = 6 years old. x = P 3 062.50

Prepared by: Camille Angela A. Magpayo