Chapter-IV

ANALYSIS OF DATA

Analysis of Data – Meaning of Interpretation

Inferences of data –Tables – Charts

4.1 Analysis of data

4.1.1 Meaning

Once the data are collected, they should be classified and tabulated. Then the analysis
of the data should be undertaken. At this stage, the researcher should select the tools of
analyses, which are consistent with the objectives of the study. The tendency to carry out
irrelevant analysis should be avoided. For example, just because the researcher is
familiar with correlation it does not mean he should apply it wherever possible. Similarly,
he should be fully aware of the limitations of the various methods of analysis applied, so
that the results are carefully interpreted, he may select either statistical or mathematical
tools. He may use the computer aided research analysis. If a scholar prefers to avoid
quantitative tools of analysis, then he should be very strong in descriptive approach. He
should be strong in reasoning, drawing inferences and reaching conclusions

4.1.2 Definition of Analysis

 An investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in

making up the whole.
 A form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is
analyzed.
 The transformation of raw data into a form that will make them easy to
understand and interpret; rearranging, ordering, manipulating data to
provide descriptive information.

Once the data is collected, they should be classified and tabulated. Then the
analysis of the data should be undertaken. At this stage the researcher should

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select the tools of analyses, which are consistent with the objectives of the study.
The tendency to carry out irrelevant analysis should be avoided.

The data analysis that relies heavily on aggregation, focusing on business

information. In statistical applications, some people divide data analysis into
descriptive statistics, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), and Confirmatory Data
Analysis (CDA). EDA focuses on discovering new features in the data and CDA
on conforming or falsifying existing hypotheses.

4.2 Meaning of Interpretation

It is often said that facts will speak for themselves. This statement implies that once
relevant acts are collected, these facts would clearly indicate the truth. But facts by
themselves cannot reveal the truth. Using these facts, if the truth is brought out then the
facts have only aided in finding out the truth. In the field of research, data collection
alone cannot ensure completion of the work. It is only one of the stages with which the
scholar pursues his research.

Hence, as it facts are available to everyone. But only a few can use these facts
meaningfully to explain any unexplained or unknown mystery. Use the available facts in
a meaningful manner is what is called Interpretation. Interpretation, in other words,
means application of logical thinking and derivation to the facts to understand and
explain the link between variables. Interpretation is a rare potential. Anybody who is
good in interpretation is successful. But to be good in interpretation, one should very
good in logical thinking and derivation.

4.2.1 Definition of Interpretation

Data collection and Interpretation, Data interpretation is part of daily life for most
people. Interpretation is the process of making sense of numerical data that has
been collected, analyzed and presented. People interpret data when they turn on
the television and hear the news anchor reporting on a poll, when they read
advertisements claiming that one product is better than another, or when they

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choose grocery store items that claim they are more effective than other leading
brands.

Statistical methods in the broadest sense are classified into main groups namely
Descriptive and Inferential statistics.

Interpretation of data is very much dependent on the type of analyses to which

the data is subjected to:-

 Availability of appropriate data

 Availability of adequate data

4.2.2 Need for interpretation

Interpretation of data is very much dependent on the type of analysis to which the data is
subjected to. Selection appropriate tools of analysis will yield useful results. But how
these results could be used to defend any theory or inferences depends on how results
are interpreted.

Interpretation is necessary because of,

 The scholar will able to bring to light new relationship among variables

 The interpretation can emerge as a useful source of hypothesis

 Interpretations can become the guide posts for feature research and

 A new insight in relationship is established among variables, which may open up

the scope for new technology or encourage innovation.

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4.1 Analysis of Data

Table 4.1.1 Table Showing the Age of Respondents

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage%

18-25 7 13.46

26-35 12 23.07

36-45 15 34.61

45 and Above 15 28.24

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.1 This Figure Showing the Age of Respondents

40

35

30

25

20 No. of respondents
Percentage%
15

10

0
18-25 26-35 36-45 45 and Above

Inference

44
Majority of the respondents under the sample, fall under the age group 36-45
contributing almost 35% of the respondents and 65% person falling under the age of 46
and above prefers this company.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents are
between 36 to 45 yrs.

Table 4.1.2 Table Showing the Gender of Respondents

45
 Opinion No. of Respondent Percentage%

Male 35 67.30

Female 17 32.70

Total 52 100

Figure – 4.1.2 This Figure Showing the Gender of Respondents

80

70

60

50

40 No. of respondents
Percentage%
30

20

10

0
Male Female

Inference

46
Majority of Males 35 have shown more interest in investing in an insurance company
holding 67.3% and females were 17 only rather than males contributed in an insurance
company that is 32.7%.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents between
males and females, males 35 mean 67.3% are greater.

Table 4.1.3 Table Showing the Occupation of Respondents

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 Occupation No. of respondents Percentage (%)

Govt. Service 12 23.07

Private Service 20 38.46

Business 15 28.84

Others 05 9.63

TOTAL 52 100

Figure- 4.1.3 This Figure Showing the Occupation of Respondents

45

40

35

30

25
No. of respondents
20 Percentage%
15

10

0
Govt. Service Private Service Business Others

Inference

Majority of the people 38.46% doing private service are interested for this company
whereas the government 23.07%, in business 28.84% and others 9.63% are interested

48
in other fields. Therefore it can be said that the company has not yet convinced them
due to any reason.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded most of the respondents 38.46% working
in private services.

Table 4.1.4 Table Showing the Income of Respondents

Opinion No. of Respondent Percentage%

49
 Up to 2 lakhs 08 15.40

Between 2.5 lakhs 24 46.15

5-7 lakhs 14 26.92

7 and Above 06 11.53

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.4 This Figure Showing the Income of Respondents

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 No. of respondents
10 Percentage%

5
0
hs hs hs ov
e
lak lak lak A b
2 5 7
to 2. 5- d
en an
Up we
7
t
Be

Inference

Majority of the people who are in between 2-5 lakhs 46.15% have shown more interest
succeeded by the income group of 5-7 lakhs 26.92%, and up to 2 lakhs 15.40% or 7
and above are very less than between 2.5 lakhs.

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Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of respondent’s income is
between 2-5 lakhs.

Table 4.1.5 Table Showing the Awareness of the Company

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

51
 Yes 40 73

No 12 27

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.5 This Figure Showing the Awareness of the Company

80

70

60

50

40 No. of respondents
Percentage%
30

20

10

0
Yes No

Inference

Majority of the total sample size 40, 73% are aware of the company. There can be
various reasons for the remaining population of 12, 27% not knowing about the
company.

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Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondent 73% are
satisfies with the awareness of this company.

Table 4.1.6 Table Showing the Objective for Investment in the Company

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

Pension 04 7.70

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 Income growth 16 30.76

Tax rebate 23 42.30

Other 10 19.24

Total 52 100

Figure-4.1.6 This Figure Showing the Objective for Investment in the Company

45

40

35

30

25
No. of respondents
20 Percentage%
15

10

0
Pension Income growth Tax rebate Other

Inference

As per the respondents their main objective of investment is tax rebate 23, 42.30% and
income growth 16, 30.76%. The objective of pension constitutes only 04, 7.7%. They
feel that this is the best benefit of this company which is utilized by them and other 10,
19.24% are only for name sake.

Interpretation

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From the data this has been concluded that Tax rebates is mostly used of the objective
for investment in the company and then income growth.

Table 4.1.7 Table Showing the Ranking of Companies Regarding Respondents

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

ICICI Prudential 9 17.3

HDFC Standard 15 28.8

Bajaj Alliance 10 19.2

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 Kotak life insurance 5 9.6

Any other 13 25

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.7 This Figure Showing the Ranking of Companies Regarding Respondents

35
30
25
20
15
10 No. of respondents
5 Percentage%

0
l rd e ce
n tia da nc an
e n llia u r
ed St
a A ns
Pr jaj ei
IC
I FC Ba if
IC HD kl
o ta
K

Inference

Majority of the respondents have ranked for HDFC which holds15, 28.8% and ICICI
Prudential 9, 17.3%, Bajaj Alliance 10, 19.2%, Kotak life insurance 5, 9.6%. But still
there are good competitors present in the market holding 13, 25 %.This little difference
can come as a fear for the company.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that HDFC Standard is one the best
company’s occupation in the respondent’s point of view.

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Table 4.1.8 Table Showing the Investing in this Particular Company

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

Safety 12 23.07

Liquidity 20 38.46

Growth 15 28.84

Other reason 05 9.61

Total 52 100

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Figure- 4.1.8 This Figure Showing the Investing in this Particular Company

45

40

35

30

25
No.of Respondents
20 Percentage%
15

10 Inference
5
Most of the
0
Safety Liquidity Growth Other reason

respondents have shows that 23.07% respondents are investing in this particular
company for safety, 38.46% for liquidity 28.84% for growth and 9.61% for other reason.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents are
investment in this particular company for liquidity.

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Table 4.1.9 Table Showing the Reason for Investment in HDFC Standard

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

Affiliation 5 9.6

Plans 35 67.3

HDFC bank position 20 38.46

Other reason 12 23.07

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.9 This Figure Showing the Reason for Investment in HDFC Standard

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 80
70
60
50
40
30
No. of respondents
20
Percentage%
10
0
n s on on
tio an iti as
lia Pl s e
Affi po r r
nk he
ba Ot
FC
HD

Inference

It is inferred from the above graph and table the main reason for investment done by the
people is the company plans. It holds 67.3% whereas due to other reason only 23.07%
of the total sample size invests.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that a plan is one of the biggest reasons
for investment in HDFC Standard rather than other.

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Table 4.1.10 Table Showing the Policy Name

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

Life insurance 28 54

Term product 06 11.5

Pension plan 08 15.5

Endowment 10 19.2

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.10 This Figure Showing the Policy Name

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 60

50

40

30 No. of respondents
Percentage%
20

10

0
Life insurance Term product Pension plan Endowment

Inference

The above graph and table shows that most of the people prefers to go for Life
Insurance policy of the company. They have this belief that the benefit received in this
particular policy is better than others.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the responded are satisfies
with thee policy name- Life Insurance.

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Table 4.1.11 Table Showing the Invested in Children’s Policy

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage%

Yes 37 71.15

No 15 28.84

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.11 This Figure Showing the Invested in Children’s Policy

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 80

70

60

50

40 No. of respondents
Percentage%
30

20

10

0
Yes No

Inference

Most of the respondents have been shows that 71.16% respondents are interested in
children policy and 28.84% are not interested.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been colluded that most of the respondents are interested
in the children policy.

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Table 4.1.12 Table Showing the Time Horizon of Investment

Opinion No. of Respondents Percentage

Up to 5 yrs 06 11.5

5-10 yrs 14 30

10-15 yrs 22 42.3

15 yrs and Above 10 19.2

Total 52 100

Figure- 4.1.12 This Figure Showing the Time Horizon of Investment

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 45

40

35

30

25
No. of respondents
20 Percentage%
15

10

0
Up to 5 yrs 5-10 yrs 10-15 yrs 15 yrs and Above

Inference

This is inferred from this graph and table that the time horizon which is preferred by the
respondents is 10-15 yrs. It contributes 42.35 of the total sample size.

Interpretation

From the above data this has been concluded that between 10-15 yrs is the best time
horizon of investment.

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4.2 Interpretation of Data

4.2.1 Analysis of Opinion of Respondents Regarding Objective and Occupation

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant relationship between occupation and the
objective for investment of the customers. Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is significant
relationship between occupation and the objective for investment of the customers.

TABLE -4.2.1

Objective pension Income Tax Rebate others TOTAL

Occupation Growth

Govt. 0 2 8 2 12
Service

Private 2 5 10 3 20
service

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 Business 1 8 2 4 15

Others 1 1 2 1 5

TOTAL 4 16 22 10 52

Computation of Chi-Square Test

O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

0 0.92 -0.92 0.8464 0.92

2 3.69 -1.69 2.8561 0.774

8 5.07 2.93 8.5849 1.693

2 2.30 -0.3 0.09 0.039

2 1.53 0.47 0.2209 0.144

5 6.15 -1.15 1.3225 0.215

10 8.46 1.54 2.3716 0.280

3 3.84 -0.84 0.7056 0.183

1 1.15 -0.15 0.0225 0.019

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 8 4.61 3.39 11.4921 2.492

2 6.34 -4.34 18.8356 2.970

4 2.88 1.12 1.2544 0.435

1 0.38 0.62 0.3844 1.011

1 1.53 -0.53 0.2809 0.183

2 2.11 -0.11 0.0121 0.005

1 0.96 0.04 0.0016 0.001

Degree of freedom= (r-1) (c-1)

= (4-1) (4-1) = 9

X2 table value = 16.919

X2 calculated value = 11.37

Inference

Since the calculated value of χ² is 0.0651 which is less than table value,

.۬. H0 is accepted at 5% level.

There is no significant difference between gender and their opinion about the team
building is efficiency.

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