INTRODUCTION 

OF DEEP SOIL 
MIXING (DSM) & 
TRENCH CUTTING RE‐MIXING 
DEEP WALL (TRD)

RYOBI KISO (S) PTE LTD
58A Sungei Kadut Loop
Ryobi Industrial Building
Singapore 729505
Tel : (65)6506 0000    Fax : (65) 6506 0001

CONTENTS 

Introduction on Ryobi Kiso Experience

Deep Soil Mixing (DSM)

Deep Soil Mixing (DSM)
DSM & Usage
Type of DSM

Applications
Advantages of DSM
DSM Installation Technique
Installation Sequence
QA /QC

Case Example

1
 CONTENTS 

TRD (Trench cutting and Re
TRD (Trench cutting and Re‐‐mixing Deep wall
I
Introduction of TRD
d i f TRD
Installation Sequence (TRD)

TRD and Its Usage
TRD Applications
Advantages of TRD
QA /QC –– Operation Control
QA /QC 
Case Example

Introduction on Ryobi Kiso Experience

ƒ DSM which involves the mechanical mixing of in-situ soil with

binders such as lime, cement, bentonite and etc.
ƒ Developed in the 1950s and was introduced into Japan in 1970s.
ƒ Our founder Mr. Shuntaro Shiga developed and patented an
electric motor driven top drive auger in 1956. Since then, this
invention has being adopted and improved upon to arrived at
today’s top drive technologies.
ƒ It is in Japan that this DSM technique was popularized and
developed.
ƒ It is estimated over 2 million cubic meters of soil were treated
yearly in Japan.
ƒ Increased popularity in Europe, North American and Asia.

2
 Introduction on Ryobi Kiso Experience

ƒ Ryobi Kiso (S) introduced DSM to Singapore in early 80s with

Obayashi Corporation for Treasury Building construction;
subsequently adopted for other projects like Outram MRT
project.
ƒ In 1997, DSM was actively being popularised to local
construction as temporary earth retaining (both reinfored and
non-reinforced).
ƒ Over 80 projects were successfully completed to date and
some of the projects include HDB projects, LTA projects and
private development.
ƒ In 2004, we were probably the first to use DSM as a “ground
strut” for a basement construction using CBP as retaining wall
(SIA-Lasalle College of Arts).

DSM & Usage

ƒ DSM can be installed in multiple configuration which includes:

i. Isolated column system (typically for low treated to
untreated ratio ≈ 40 ~ 50 %)
ii. Compound columns system (base grouting)
iii. Contiguous panel (wall system).
iv. Grids system

3
 Type of DSM
Grout Mix Pile Wall and Base Grouting
Soil Mix Wall • Soft clay layer treated with base grouting
• Formed by role of secant grout-mix piles using 2.2m diameter GMP and
using 0.7m to 2.2m diameter 1.3m diameter x 2shaft of DSM
• H- beam inserted to increase wall stiffness

Ground level Ground level

Applications
ƒ Ground Improvement Works
ƒ Temporary Retaining Structures
ƒ Foundation for Light Structures
ƒ Improve Ground Bearing Capacity
ƒ Prevent Ground Heave
ƒ Improve Accessibility and Trafficability
Prevent slope
Prevent ground stability failure
heaving
GL
Prevent sliding
failure caused by
Open excavation ishigh
hi h embankment
b k t
Prevent
water possible
seepage Improve accessibility
Improve accessibility

As foundation for light

structure

4
 Advantages of DSM

ƒ Relatively low cost

ƒ Controllable column sizes (same as auger) from Ø700mm to
Ø2200
Ø2200mm.
ƒ Environmentally friendly (in-situ materials).
ƒ Low vibration.
ƒ Low noise.
ƒ Minimum ground heave.
ƒ High
Hi h installation
i t ll ti speed.
d
ƒ Suitable for various type of soil condition.
ƒ Impermeable retaining wall

DSM Installation Technique

ƒ The Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a soil improvement.

ƒ The diameter of the DSM column formed is the same size as the
auger used.
ƒ The diameter ranges from Ø700mm to Ø2200mm.
ƒ Uses in-situ materials.

5
 Installation Sequence
Step1 : Step6 :
Setting up auger Step2 : Installation of
Rig at pile Augering with the Grout Mix Pile is
position required size auger, completed
g
Tungsten carbide drill
bits are used
Step3 : Step4 : Step5 :
Augering and mixing Mixing is by auger Mixing & withdraw
with pumping of rotation as a form auger in anti-
cement grout of mechanical clockwise rotation
agitation

Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) ‐ Single Shaft

6
Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) ‐ Twin Shaft

Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) ‐ Triple Shaft

7
 QA / QC
1. Installation Control
Control with monitoring and control system on:-
a Actual drilling depth
a.
b. Speed of boring and withdrawal
c. Grout flow rate
Monitor
d. Auger rotation speed
e. Motor power supply

Quality Control
System

QA / QC
Data Sheet

Flow1,2 RPM

Speed
Ampere

Depth

8
 QA / QC

AUTO GROUT PLANT

Bentonite Cement
Water Cement
Tank Tank
Tank Silo

Control Mixer
Panel Pump Agitator

QA / QC
Material Weight
AUTO GROUT PLANT (Control Panel)
Setting Material Weight
Measuring

Water

Bentonite

Accumulated
Cement
numbers of Batching

Total
Weight
g Accumulated
Volume of Slurry

Setting of Batching
numbers
Batching counter

9
 QA / QC
2. Sample Retrieval & Testing
ƒ wet samples taken directly from the ground during installation
and tested at the recommended date.
date

ƒ or in
in-situ
situ sample retrieve from coring
coring.

Case Example

1.Punggol Water Way Part 1

Method: Grids System

10
 Punggol Water Way Part 1
Site Location

SITE

Punggol Water Way Part 1
CH20 –– CH1069
CH20 
L
GO
NG

PL 106.000
LE
CK 2
TE PW
PU

Y
WA

PL 108.000
G
NIBPW 5
ON

PL 109.000
CH 1400

73.5m
4
CH 1500

1:
E
OP
SL

SLO
0

PE
m RR

160

00 1:
13 4-
1
CH

CH :5
26.2

SL
OP
E
1:
00

5
17

24
CH
L

26
.2m
GO

PL 106.000 RR
PL 109.000
00
EI

18
NG

CH 1200
CH

PU 31
K

.8
PL 108.000 m
NG
AL

RR
NG

PU

GO 10m
W

10m 24m

L
00
RR

19
SU

CH 
C
8m

PL
31.

109.
000
DR 24m
IV
E
1069
CH 1100
24m
CH 0

55.0m
24m
CH 40.00

CH 1069 STEPS
CH 100

CH 200

CH 300

.00 0
200
CH
400

24m
CH

0
0.00
500
CH

PL 11

26. CH
2m 100
.85m

RR PL 108.500 0
0

CH 2100
60
NG

25

0.00

CH 
MA 6

AD
CH

PL 106.000
SU PW

31 .8
72

m RR
CH
NG

RO

R
C

20 41 PL
MA

m 11 0.
0
70

RR PL 110.500
00 0
CH

CH  CH
SU

90
0
PL 110.500
85m

CH 2200 38
31 .8 .6m

500
LK

m RR
800

RR
CH
WA

50
m
PL 109.000 PL
00

110.
23

00 0
CH

PL 111.000
.00
CH 831.00

53
22
RR

END OF PUNGGOL
CH

.00

WATERWAY (PART 1)
.6m

1 CH 2400
95
38.6m RR

38

22
38.6m RR

PUNGGOL
CH

0
CH 2406.58

250
E

CH
AC

PL 110.000
WAY

PL

10
m
PL 110.500

70 31
m .8 m
m

RR
50

00 PL 112.000 PL 108.000
10

DA P E7
OL
TECK

26.2 m
m

RR M
10

AI
SOO 7
PW

G
m
50

NG

PL 108.500
RR

RR
.6m

PU
WALK

PL 110.000 PL 110.500
6m
38

3 8.

41m
RR PUNGGOL
MRT/LRT 38 .6
m RR
STATION

11
 Punggol Water Way Part 1

SOIL PROFILE SOILPROFILE CH20toCH1069

CH20 CH100 CH200 CH300 CH400 CH500 CH600 CH700 CH800 CH900 CH1000 CH1069
BH-N10 BH-N11 BH-N12
BH-N9 1
BH-N13
1
COARSESAND 1 BH-N14 BH-N15
TOPSOIL 2 2
2 SPT~5 2 TOPSOIL
1

2.5 3 3
COARSESAND 2.4 2 BH-N16

Formation of soil are:-

2
3
SPT~3-33 COARSESAND 2.4 2.5 1
BH-N5 BH-N6 BH-N8 4
4 4 4 3 3

BH-N4 SPT~4-15
1
1 BH-N7 1
5 5 5 COARSESAND 2

1
2 1
5
CLAY
6 6 6
5
SPT~1-7 STIFFCLAY
2 2 5 SPT~15-20
2
3
2
6
SPT~5-6
7
6
4
3 7 7 6 6
106 3 106
3
4 3
7
RL104.5 7
RL104.5 5
105 BH-N2 4 4 COARSESAND 105
8 8 8 7 7

- Clayey sand / sandy

BH-N3 4
4
8 8.5 8
104 BH-N1 1
5
5 5 104
9 9 9 8 8
6

1
1 5
6 5
9
COARSESAND 9
SANDYCLAY
103 RL102.0 RL102.0 5.5 RL102.0 6 6 RL102.0 103
10 10 10 9
SPT~2-5
2
2
2
6
7 6
10
SPT~7-34
11 8
102 3
7 7 102
11 11
PEA10TYCLAY 10
3
CLAYEYSAND 7 11 11
SPT~3-7

clay
3 8 7 9
12
4
8
CLAYEYSAND 8
12 12 11 11
4 SPT~3-6 8
8
12 12
10
4
5
9
9 TOCOARSESAND 9
13
13 13 13 SOFTCLAY12 12
5 MEDIUMSAND9
9
13
SPT~4
5
6
10
10 SPT~5-17 SANDYSILT 10
1S
4ILT 14 14
13 13
11

6 SPT~12 10
10.5
14 14
6
7
11
11
10
SPT~4 11
SPT~12-56
15 15 15
14 14
12
15
7
7 11 12 11
15
13
16 16 16
12 12 15 15
8 16
8 12 16
12
MARINECLAY 14

- Marine clay / peat

8 13 17
13 17 17 16 16
9 13

9
9 SANDYCLAY 13
14 13
SPT~1-2
17
18 18 18
17
15

10 SPT~1-5 10
14
14
14 18 18
17 17

10 15 14 19 16
11 15.5 15 15
19
19 19 18 18
11 15
15
19
11 16
20 20 20 17

12
12 SANDYCLAY MARINECLAY 16 16
20 20
19 19

12
SPT=10 17.5 17 16
18
13
13
17
SPT~3 17 17
21
21 21 21
21
20
13 18 17 19
17.5 RL90.0 22

- Silt / sand below

18 22 22 21 21
14 18
22
14
14 18
RL89.5 19 18
22
20
19
23 23 23
15
MARINESOFTCLAY
15
19
19
19
23 COARSESAND 23
22

15 20
RL
L8
8880
.0 20 20
24 24 24 235
23.5 SILT
21

16 SPT~0-2 16
20 CLAYEYSAND 20
24 SPT
T1929
~19-29 24
23
16
17
21
21
25 25
SANDYCLAY SANDYSILT SPT~11-14
17
17 21
22
SPT~11-22 21
21
25
SPT~22
24

23
18
22 22
26
26
RL86.0 26
SPT~11-16 26
25 25

18
18
RL85.5 22
23 22 SANDYSILT 27 24
19
23
23 27 27 26 26
19
19 23
24 23 SPT~9-26 27 27
25
SILT 28
28 28
20
20 24
24 24
28 28 COARSESAND
27 STIFFCLAY
24
20 25 29 29 29 SPT~16 26 RL83.0
21 COARSESAND
21
RL82.5 25
25
25
25
29 SPT~43 29 SPT=3628
21
RL82.0
26
STIFFSILT 26 26
30 30 30 29 29
27

22 SPT~6-42 22
26
26
30 30
22 27 SPT~21-29 27 28
23
23
27
27
COARSESAND 27 30 30
SANDYSILT
23 28
RL80.0
24
24
28
28

28
SPT~33-35 28 SPT=25
24 29 30
29
25 29

25
25 29
30 29 SANDYSILT
30 30
26

26
26 30
30 SPT=24
27
27
STIFFSILTTOSAND
27
Grout MixPile
28

28
28
SPT~26-65
29
(GMP)
29
29
30
30
30

Punggol Water Way Part 1
TYPE OF GMP

TYPE OF GMP CH 20 to CH 1069

114 CH 20 CH 100 CH 200 CH 300 CH 400 CH 500 CH 600 CH 700 CH 800 CH 900 CH 1000 CH 1069
113 BH-N10 BH-N11 BH-N12
BH N9
BH-N9 111.5 1
BH N13
BH-N13
112
1 COARSE SAND COARSE SAND 1 BH-N14 BH-N15
TOPSOIL 2 2
111
2 SPT ~ 5 SPT ~ 3-33 2 TOPSOIL
1

2.5 3 3 3 2.4 2 2 BH-N16

110
3

COARSE SAND 2.4 2.5

109 BH-N5 BH-N6 BH-N8 4
4 4 4 3 3
1

BH-N4 SPT ~ 4-15

108
1
1 BH-N7 1
5 5 5 COARSE SAND 2

1
2 1
5
CLAY6 6 6
5
SPT ~1-7 STIFF CLAY
2 2 5 SPT ~ 15-20
107
2
3 2
6
SPT ~ 5-6
7
6
4
3 7 7 6 6
106 3 106
3
4 3
7
RL 104.5 7
RL 104.5 5
105 BH-N2 4 4 COARSE SAND 105
8

8.5
8 8 7 7
BH-N3 4
4
8 8
104 BH-N1 1
5
5 5 104
9 9 9 8 8
6

1
1 5
6 5
9
COARSE SAND 9
SANDY CLAY
103 RL 102.0 RL 102.0 5.5 RL 102.0 6 6 RL 102.0 103
10 10 10 9
SPT ~ 2-5
2
2
2
6
7 6
10
SPT ~ 7-34 11 8
102 3
7 7 102
11 11 PEATY
10 CLAY 10
3
CLAYEY SAND 7 11 11
3 8 7
12 SPT ~ 3-7 9
101 4
8
CLAYEY SAND 8
12 12 11 11
4 SPT~3-6 8
8
12 12
99.5 10
100
4
5
9
9 TO COARSE SAND 9
13
99.0 13 13 13 SOFT CLAY 12 12
5 MEDIUM SAND 9
9
13
SPT ~ 4
99
5
6
10
10 SPT ~ 5-17 SANDY SILT 10 By Others SILT
14 14 14
13 13
11

6 SPT~ 12 10
10.5
14 14
98
6
7
11
11
10
SPT~4 11
SPT~12-56
15 15 15
14 14
12
15
7
7 11 12 11
15
13
16 16 16
97 12 12 15 15
8 16
8 12 16

96
8
9
13
13
12
MARINE CLAY 13
17 17 17 16 16 14
9
9 SANDY CLAY 13
14 13
SPT~ 1-2
17
18 18 18
17
15
95
10 SPT~1-5 10
14
14
14 18 18
17 17

10 15 14 16
94 11 15.5 15 15
19
19 19 19 18 18
11 15
15
19
11 16
20 20 17
93
12
12 SANDY CLAY MARINE CLAY 16 16
20
20
20
19 19

12
SPT=10 17.5 17 16
18
92
13
13
17
SPT~ 3 17 17
21
21 21 21
21
20
13 18 17 19
17.5 18 RL 90.0 22 22 22 21
91
14
14
18
RL 89.5 18
18
22 22
21
90.0
14 19 23 23 23 20
19 22
90
15
MARINE SOFT CLAY
15
19
19
19
23 COARSE SAND 23
15 20
RL 88.0 20 24 24 24 23.5 SILT
21
89
16 SPT~0-2 16
20 CLAYEY SAND 20 24 SPT~19-29 24
23
16 21 20 25 25 SANDY SILT 87.5 SPT ~ 11-14
88
17
17 21
21
SPT ~ 11-22 21
21
25 SANDY CLAY SPT ~22
24

17 22 23
87 18
22 22
26
26
RL 86.0 26
SPT~ 11-16 26
25 25

18
18
RL 85.5 22
23 22 SANDY SILT 27 24
86 19 23 23 27 27 26 26
19
19 23
24 23 SPT~9-26 27 27
25
85 20 24 24
28
28 28
SILT 28 28
27 STIFF CLAY
20
20 24
25 24
29
COARSE SAND SPT ~ 16 26
84 21 25 25 29
SPT ~ 43 29
SPT=36 28 RL 83.0
21 COARSE SAND RL 82.5 25 25
29 29
21
RL 82.0 26
STIFF SILT 26 26
30 30 30 29 29
27
83
22 SPT~ 6-42 22
26
26
30 30
22 27 SPT~ 21
SPT 21-29
29 27 30 28
82
23
23
27
27
COARSE
COA S SA
SAND 27 30
SANDY SILT
23 28
81
24
24
28
28
SPT ~ 33-35 28 RL 80.0 SPT = 25
24 29 28 30
29
80
25 25 29

25
29
30
30
29 SANDY SILT 30
79 26

26
26 30
30 SPT=24
78 27
27
27 STIFF SILT TO SAND 28

28
28
SPT~ 26-65
29
29
29
30
30
30

GMP - TYPE A BY OTHERS

GMP - TYPE B TYPE X
GMP - TYPE Y TYPE Z

12
 Punggol Water Way Part 1
DSM LAYOUT FROM CH500 – CH560

Punggol Water Way Part 1
DSM DESIGN 
DSM USAGE 

13
 Punggol Water Way Part 1

Quality 
Review 

a) Requirements
• Unconfined
Compressive
Strength (Qu)
≥ 1 MPa
• Total Core
Recovery
(TCR) ≥ 85%
b) Core test results

c) Core samples

Punggol Water Way Part 1

On Site Operation

14
Punggol Water Way Part 1

On Site Operation

Punggol Water Way Part 1

Completed DSM Columns

15
 Punggol Water Way Part 1

Completed DSM Columns

Case Example

2.Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE) – C482

Method: Compound Columns System

16
 MCE C482
Site Location

Site

Background
The Deep Soil Mixing (DCM) as ground
improvement for enhancing the stability of
the dual carriageway twin cell box tunnel
along the marina coastal expressway in
accordance to the design Prepared by the
consultant Engineer.

MCE C482
SOIL PROFILE

17
 MCE C482
PLAN VEIW DSM Design
SECTION VEIW
O1300 GL‐‐103.50
GL

12.965 m
1300 AREA 2.50 ㎡
DSM Top  ‐
DSM Top  ‐

21.965m
90.535
1000

9.00 m
Double auger shafts
DSM Base Grout
DSM Toe   
‐81.535
1000 1000 1000
300 Section‐‐E2
Section

GL‐‐103.50
GL

12.965 m
m
1200 DSM Top  ‐
DSM Top  ‐
90.535

22.965m
10.00 m
DSM Base Grout
300 DSM Toe   
1000 1000 1000 ‐80.535
DSM Layout Section‐‐E3
Section

MCE C482
DSM Layout Total DSM columns : 6633 Panels, 110,562.5 m3

18
 MCE C482
Quality Review

Requirement
• The coring shall be one cored hole per continuous block
block, Plus one
cored hole per 1,000 linear metres (rounded up to the nearest whole
number of cored holes), of DSM columns.
• TCR must be at least 85% to establish DSM Depth
• Mean Unconfined Compressive Strength (Qu) at 95% Lower
Confidence Limit > 800 kPa
• Mean Elastic Modulus Em at 95% Lower Confidence Limit > 150
MPa

MCE C482
Core Results

19
 MCE C482
Cored Samples

Samples selected here

Samples selected here

MCE C482

On Site Operation

20
 MCE C482

On Site Operation

Case Example

3.Jardin Condominium
Method: Temporary
Retaining Wall System

21
Jardin Condominium
Site Location

SITE

Jardin Condominium
GMP Layout Plan

22
Jardin Condominium

Soil Profile

Jardin Condominium

Typical Sections
yp

23
 Jardin Condominium

Quality 
Review 

a) Requirements
• Unconfined Sample selected here

Compressive
Strength (Qu) ≥ Sample selected here

600 kPa
• Elastic Modulus
(Eu) ≥ 150 MPa

b) Core test results Sample selected here

c) Core samples

Jardin Condominium

Completed GMP

24
 Jardin Condominium

Completed GMP

TRD (Trench cutting and Re‐mixing Deep
wall)
ƒ Pioneered by the Japanese in the 1990s
ƒ Provides a supreme and more uniform soil
soil-mixed
mixed wall
wall.
ƒ Form by chainsaw like equipment that cut and mixes existing soil
with an injected reagent.
ƒ Allow the installation of a continuous improved soil wall without
creating an open cut trench.
ƒ TRD has being used in over 250 projects in Asian region alone.
ƒ Ryobi Kiso (S) Pte Ltd is authorised to use whis method recently
in 2006 and have successfully completed a number of project in
Singapore.

25
 Installation Sequence (TRD)

① S tart C u tte r C h ain ② S tart c u ttin g & m ixin g so il w ith c e m e n t/ b e n to n ite slu rry ③ C o n tin u e C u ttin g, m ixin g so il an d gro u tin g

S E C T IO N V IE W
GL S E C T IO N V IE W
GL S E C T IO N V IE W
GL

T R D w all T R D w all
E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il
(C e m e n t/ (C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry ) E xistin g S o il
b e n to n ito slu rry)

④ S to p c e m e n t gro u t , start p re - c u ttin g w ith ⑤ M ixin g b ac k to th e startin g p o in t th e n start c e m e n t, ⑥ A fte r c u ttin g o ve rlap , c o n tin u e gro u t c e m e n t,
b e n to n ite slu rry fo r c u tte r p o st p arkin g b e n to n ite gro u t an d c u ttin g w all fo r th e o ve rlap b e n to n ite su lu rry fo r c u tte r p o st p arkin g are a,

S E C T IO N V IE W
GL GL S E C T IO N V IE W
GL GL
S E C T IO N V IE W

T R D w all S ta b ility T R D w a ll S ta b ility T R D w all

E xistin g S o il S lu rry E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il S lu rry E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il
(C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry ) (pre cu tting) (C e m e n t/ (C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry) (p re c u ttin g) (C e m e n t/ (C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry )
b e n to n ito slu rry) b e n to n ito slu rry)

O ve rlap O ve rlap

⑦ S tart c u ttin g & m ixin g so il w ith c e m e n t/ b e n to n ite slu rry

⑧ C o n tin u e c u ttin g & m ixin g so il w ith c e m e n t/ b e n to n ite su lu rry,
rry

S E C T IO N V IE W
GL S E C T IO N V IE W
GL

T R D w all T R D w all T R D w a ll T R D w a ll
E xistin g S o il (C e m e n t/ E xistin g S o il E xistin g S o il (C e m e n t/ E xistin g S o il
(C e m e n t/ (C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry ) (C e m e n t/ (C e m e n t/ b e n to n ito slu rry)
b e n to n ito slu rry) b e n to n ito slu rry) b e n to n ito slu rry) b e n to n ito slu rry )

O ve rlap O ve rlap

Trench Cutting Remixing Deep Wall 
(TRD)

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 TRD and Its Usage

ƒ TRD is a mechanical mixing of in-situ soil with an injected

reagent (like lime, cement, bentonite and ect.)
ƒ It uses a chainsaw like equipment which cut continuously
mixes, through the entire depth of the wall.
ƒ It gives a more superior and uniform impermeable wall with
good compressive strength.
ƒ It can install vertical or inclined wall as required.
ƒ Basically
y it shares the same usages
g as the DSM.
structure

TRD Applications

TRD
Permeable
wall
TRD layer
wall TRD wall
Impermeable layer
Impermeable layer impermeable layer
Earth retaining wall (1) Earth retaining wall (2) Impermeable wall (3)

Permeable layer
Impermeable layer

Impermeable wall (4)

Soil stabilization

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 TRD Applications

Advantages of TRD

ƒ Low noise.
ƒ Low vibration.
vibration
ƒ Improve speed of construction.
ƒ Less material used and disposed.
ƒ Better quality control.
ƒ Suitable for various types of soil condition.
ƒ No open trench cutting.
cutting

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 QA / QC ‐ Operation Control
Wall inclination & post bending

Depth(m) Tolerance Tolerance

post bending wall inclination

Case Example

1.Sungei Serangoon

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 Sungei Serangoon
Layout Plan

Sungei Serangoon

TRD wall

Effluent runoff

Protection of seepage
(Prevent effluent from seeping into the river)

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 Sungei Serangoon

Quality 
Review 

a) Requirements
• Permeability <
1.0 x 10-9 m/s
• Unconfined
Compressive
Strength (Qu)
≥ 125 KPa
b) Permeability test
results
c) On site permeability
test pictures

Sungei Serangoon

On Site Operation

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 REGISTERED WITH BCA, (PILING WORKS) CR08, L6 (UNLIMITED)

ASSOCIATE COMPANY
•RYOBI-KISO CO. LTD (JAPAN) •COMPILE-RYOBI AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
•RYOBI GEOTECHNIQUE PTE LTD •UTRACO-RYOBI GROUND ENGINEERING PVT LTD (INDIA)
•ZEDOS UNITED

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