WORLD METEOROLOGICAL

INTERNATIONAL
METEOROLOGICAL
TABLES
Edited by S. LETESTU

PRICE: Sw. fr. 20.-

IWMO-No.188. TP. 94 1

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. Geneva· Switzerland

1966
 (

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of the material (

in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what-
soever on the part of the Secretaxiat of the World Meteomlogical
Organization concerning the legal status of any country m territory
or of its authmities, or concerning the delimitation of its fmntiers. (
 FORM FOR NOTING NEW SETS OF TABLES RECEIVED

Inserted in the publication

Set No. Dated
by
I date

~;:J'I ~lqb8 'F. G). 13 (; . '1:3

~*
~P'4
~l 1%8
19I73
~.~.
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/1 J;, '7],
4. b. 7~
.i \M atb FU, /a,73 r.E> . 4. G.74

V.1966
 v

PREFACE

The first edition of the International Meteorological Tables was published

in 1890 in response to a wish expressed by the International Meteorological
Congress which met in Rome in 1879. These tables have not been reprinted and
more recent requirements have had to be met by the various tables produced
by national Meteorological Services and institutes. The question of a new edi-
tion of the International :Meteorological Tables was first raised at the first session
of the Commission for Aerology (Toronto, 1953) when it was suggested that the
Executive Committee might establish a panel of experts to consider the matter
in detail. This was done, and subsequently various working groups and panels
of experts helped in the preparatory work on the tables. Dr. S. Lctestu of the
Swiss Meteorological Service was appointed full-time editor in 1965.
The need for the new International Meteorological Tables was twofold.
In the first place it was felt that there should be a set of tables established in
conformity with the various definitions and physical values adopted by vVMO ;
such a publication would, it was thought, complement other vVMO publications,
in particular the Technical Regulations. The second reason was to provide tables
suitable for use by both meteorologists and scientists of other disciplines for
documentation and routine meteorological work. In order to make sure that the
tables were a practical working instrument, therefore, it was necessary to take
into account not only the standard vVMO practices but also the current usages
of meteorologists and other scientists.
Thus particular care had to be taken in the choice of units listed in Table I -
"Units, Dimensions and Conversion Factors". Only metric units were chosen,
with a few rare exceptions (such as the knot) which had been accepted by \VMO ;
units of the International System were given preference whenever possible.
Where no physical value had been adopted officially by vVMO, those adopted by
the competent international organization were used; where there were no inter-
nationally adopted values, the most recent and reliable ones were chosen. The
sources of all values used are given in the references.
Use has been made of existing tables wherever possible; in particular some
of the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables have been either directly reproduced
or recalculated with the necessary unit conversions. The other tables have been
computed by various national Meteorological Services. The source of each table
is indicated and information is also given about the method of computation for
each new table.
The loose-leaf form of presentation has been chosen to facilitate the insertion
of further tables as they appear and the replacement of those which become out-
of-date.
Grateful acknowledgements are offered to the members of the panel of
experts and of the various working groups on the International Meteorological
Tables. The first working group, which was composed of Mr. L. P. Harrison
(U.S.A.), Mr. H. C. S. Thorn (U.S.A.) and .Mr. G. A. Bull (United Kingdom), with
Dr. L. Dufour (Belgium) as chairman, conducted a survey among the various

V.1966
VI PREFACE

national Meteorological Services and drew up the first list of tables, with orders
of priority. A panel of experts, composed of Dr. L. Dufour, Mr. L. P. Harrison
and Mr. Khrgian (D.S.S.R.) then continued the work of the previous group. (
Three members of a new working group, Dr. D. J. Bouman (Netherlands)
(chairman), Dr. L. Dufour and Mr. R. J. List (D.S.A.), met in Geneva in 1963 and
prepared detailed directives for each of the first set of tables. They also laid
down some general principles valid for all the tables. At its fourth session
(Brussels, 1965), the Commission for Aerology continued the mandate of the
group to serve as an advisory body for further work on the tables.
WMO is grateful to all the persons and institutions already mentioned and
to the many others, too numerous to list here, whose co-operation has made
possible the publication of the first set of tables. The experts consulted about
each table and the Services or bodies which computed it or authorized its repro- (
duction are, however, mentioned in the introduction to it.
This publication was prepared in the Research Section of the Technical
Division of the WMO Secretariat.

Geneva, May 1966 D. A. DAVIES

Secretary-General

V.1966
(
 VII

GENERAL REMARKS

Presentation of numerical tables

The numerical tables are photographic reproductions of the original docu-
ments, mainly automatic print-out from computers. This process was chosen to
avoid misprints, but it causes some lack of uniformity in the presentation of the
tables and also in the typography of figures.

Conpentions for the writing of numbers

In tables common to both the English and the French versions, the deci-
mal sign between the integer part and the decimal part of numbers is a point.
To facilitate the reading of large numbers the figures are grouped in threes,
the groups being separated by a space without comma or point.

Symbols
The mathematical symbols are those in general use (see Introduction 1.1,
section 11). It should be remembered in particular that:
log means the logarithm to the base 10 (decadic logarithm) ;
In means the logarithm to the base e (natural logarithm).
Although the international symbol for the second is s, the abbreviation sec,
widely used in English, has been retained in the English version of the IMT
for consistency with other WMO publications.

Interpolation
Linear interpolation can be used, with a sufficient accuracy when the second
differences between successive tabular values do not exceed 4 units of the last
significant figure. The introductions mention the tables, or parts of tables, in
which linear interpolation is practicable.

Ab brepiations
The following abbreviations are used for works to which frequent reference
is made:
'WMO TR: WMO Technical Regulations (WMO - No. 49), Volume I, 1971
YvMO TR: edition; Volume Il, 3rd edition, 1970; Volume Ill, first edition, 1971."
IMT: Lnterriational Meteorological Tables.
SMT: Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 6th edition. Smithsonian Insti-
tution, Washington, 1951.
(The number following the abbreviation SMT indicates the number
of the table.)

Throughout, replace:
"degree Kelvin" by "kelvin"
the symbol "OK" by the symbol "K"
the symbol "sec" by the symbol "s"
V,1966

'-- ,--~--_.. _------_.

 IX

NOTE ON GEOPOTENTIAL UNITS

Tables on atmospheric dynamics and atmospheric statics related to geo-

potential (Tables 2.3.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.12) have been
prepared using the geopotential metre (gpm) as the unit of geopotential. In
consequence of the adoption of the standard geopotential metre (m'), the definition
of which appears in Table 1.1, section 19 (Amend. (VII, 1973)), a conversion
of units should be made in the above-mentioned tables when greater precision
is required.
The relationship between the standard geopotential metre (m') and the
geopotential metre (gpm) is:

' _ 9.80665
1m - 9.8 gpm,

which implies that if Hm , is a geopotential expressed in standard geopotential

metres and H gpm the same geopotential expressed in geopotential metres, then
9.8
Hm, = 9.806 65 H gpm

or

with 9.8)
L1 = ( 1 - 9.806 65 H gpm = 0.000 678 11 H gpm

= (9.806 65 _ 1) H m , = 0.000 678 57 H m ,.

9.8
Note that the difference L1 is small, less than one per thousand, and can be
ignored in most applications.
The following table gives the value of L1 as a function of geopotential H gpm;
H m , can also be taken as argument, the resulting error being negligible.

H gpm or H m' L1 H gpm or H m' L1 H gpm or H m, L1

100 0.1 1000 0.7 10000 6.8
200 0.1 2000 .1.4 20000 13.6
300 0.2 3000 2.0 30000 20.3
400 0.3 4000 2.7 40000 27.1
500 0.3 5000 3.4 50000 33.9
600 0.4 6000 4.1 60000 40.7
700 0.5 7000 4.7 70000 47.5
800 0.5 8000 5.4 80000 54.2
900 0.6 9000 6.1 90000 61.0

Amend. (VII.1973)
 XI

CONTENTS OF THE FIRST, SECOND AND

THIRD SET

Tables Introductions
I Conversion tables
1.1 Units, dimensions and conversion factors . . . . . . . . 1.1
1.2 Conversion of standard millimetres of mercury to millibars
1.3 Conversions between knots, m s-l and km h-1 • . • • • •
1.3.1 Conversion of knots into m S-l and km h-1
1.3.2 Conversion of m s-l into knots and km h-1

2 Tables of dynamics of the atmosphere

2.2 The Beaufort wind scale . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
2.3 Geostrophic wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
2.3.1 Geostrophic wind for constant pressure surfaces
2.3.1.1 Contour interval of 40 gpm - wind in m sec-1
2.3.1.2 Contour interval of 40 gpm - wind in knots
2.3.1.3 Contour interval of 60 gpm - wind in m sec-1
2.3.1.4 Contour interval of 60 gpm - wind in knots
2.3.2 Geostrophic wind for constant level surfaces
2.3.2.1 Isobar interval of 4 mb - wind in m sec-1
2.3.2.2 Isobar interval of 4 mb - wind in knots
2.3.2.3 Isobar interval of 5 mb - wind in m sec-1
2.3.2.4 Isobar interval of 5 mb - wind in knots
2.4 Gradient wind . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
2.4.1.1 rtparameter in m sec-1
2.4.1.2 rtparameter in knots
2.4.2.1 Gradient wind (dimensionless) - cyclonic curvature
2.4.2.2 Gradient wind (dimensionless) - anticyclonic curvature
2.5 Coriolis parameter and Rossby parameter . . . . . . . 2.5
2.6 Difference between the velocity of a zonal current and the
phase velocity of a sinusoidal perturbation (Rossby's
formula). • . • . • . •••..•......

3 Tables of atmospheric statics

3.1 The relation between geopotential and geometric height 3.1
3.1.1 Factors for computing the relation between geopotential
and geometric height
3.1.2 Geometric metres to geopotential metres
3.1.3 Geopotential metres to geometric metres

VII.1973
 XII LIST OF TABLES (
Tables Introductions
3.2 Geopotential differences between consecutive isobaric surfaces (
as afunction of mean virtual temperature 3.2/3/4
3.3 Geopotential differences between pairs of standard isobaric
surfaces as a function of mean virtual temperature 3.2/3/4
3.4 Geopotential differences between standard isobaric surfaces (
and surfaces of given pressure. 3.2/3/4
3.4.1 Geopotential differences between standard isobaric sur-
faces and surfaces of given pressure below them, with mean (
virtual temperature ODC
3.4.2 Geopotential differences between standard isobaric sur-
faces and surfaces of given pressure above them, with mean
virtual temperature ODC
(
3.4.3 Correction to geopotential differences as a function of
departure of mean virtual temperature from ODC
(
3.5 Mean virtual temperature of layers between pairs of standard
isobaric surfaces as a function of geopotential difference 3.5/6/7
3.6 Geopotential increment corresponding to a pressure decrease
of 1 rub . 3.5/6/7 (
3.7 Pressure increment corresponding to a geopotential decrease
of 10 gpm. .. 3.5/6/7
3.8 International barometer conventions and the procedure for
cal@lating theoretical values of local acceleration of gravity 3 .8
3.8.1 International barometer conventions
3.8.2 Procedure for calculating theoretical values of local accel- (
eration of gravity
3.9 ICAO standard atmosphere 3.9
3.9.1 Temperature, pressure and density as functions of geopo- (
tential altitude
3.9.2 Geopotential altitude as a function of pressure
3.10 Altimeter setting (Q NH) computation factors 3.10 (
3.11 Correction to altimeter reading as a function of the mean vir-
tual temperature of the layer of air • • 3 .11
3.11.1 Mean temperature of various layers in ICAO standard
atmosphere (
3.11.2 Correction of altimeter reading as a function of pressure-
altitude and deviation of observed temperature from stand-
ard temperature (
3.12 R,.eduction ofpr!3ssure to a selected level 3.12
1100 .
3.12.1 Values of the term 67.445x273.15 log - - as a functIOn
of pressure p, in mb p
(
3.12.2 Reduction of geopotential differences to ODC temperature
(L\!Po)
3.13 Correction and reduction of mercury barometer reading. 3. 13 (
3.13.1 Correction of mercury barometer for temperature
3.13.2 Capillary depression of a mercury column

VII. 1973
 LIST OF TABLES XIII

Tables Introductions
4 Tables of atmospheric thermodynamics
4.1 Thermodynamic constants and functions.
4.2 Composition of dry air up to about 25 km .
4.3 Definitions and specifications of water vapour in the atmos-
phere .
4.4 Properties of water vapour 4.4
4.5 Properties of condensed water 4.5
4.6 Saturation vapour pressure over a plane surface of pure
water . 4.6/7
4.7 Saturation vapour pressure over a plane surface of ice . . 4.6/7
4.8 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect to a
plane surface ofpure water . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8/9
4.8.1 Density of water vapour behaving as an ideal gas
4.8.2 Correction for deviation from ideal gas law
4.9 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect to a
plane sUlface of ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8/9
4.9.1 Density of water vapour behaving as an ideal gas
4.9.2 Correction for deviation from ideal gas law
4.10 Relations between saturation vapour pressure of water vapour
in the pure phase and of moist air (coefficients fw and fl) 4.10
4.11 Virtual temperature increment of saturated moist air. 4.11
4.12 Density of air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12
4.12.1 Density of air regarded as an ideal gas
4.12.2 Compressibility factor of moist air
4.13 Relations between mixing ratio, thermodynamic dew-point
temperature and thermodynamic frost-point temperature
(saturation mixing ratio tables) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13
4.13.1 Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of
mixing ratio and pressure
4.13.2 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic dew-point
temperature and pressure
4.13.3 Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function of
mixing ratio and pressure
4.13.4 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic frost-point
temperature and pressure
4.13.5 Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function of
thermodynamic dew-point temperature
4.14 Potential temperature computation . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14
4.14.1 Ratio of absolute potential temperature to absolute tem-
perature for dry air as a function of pressure
4.14.2 Potential temperature of dry air as a· function of pressure
and temperature

VII. 1973
 XIV LIST OF TABLES (
Tables Introductions
4.15 Relations between pressure, temperature and mixing ratio (
along saturation pseudo-adiabats. . . . 4.15
4.15.1 Pressure as a function of temperature along saturation
pseudo-adiabats
4.15.2 Saturation mixing ratio as a function of temperature along (
saturation pseudo-adiabats
4.16 Terminal velocity of fall of water droplets, ice crystals and
solid precipitation in still air . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16
(
4.16.1 Terminal velocity of fall of pure water droplets in still air
4.16.2 Terminal velocity of fall of ice crystals and solid precipita-
tion in still air (
4.17 Viscosity and thermal conductivity of dry air. Diffusion of
water vapour in air . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17
4.18 Characteristics of natural atmospheric aerosols (excluding (
cloud particles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.20 Relation between relative humidity and mixing ratio 4.20
(
4.21 Relationship between relative humidity and thermodynamic
dew-point temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21
4.21.1 Relative humidity as a function of temperature and
thermodynamic dew-point temperature (
4.21.2 Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of
relative humidity and temperature
4.22 Relations between thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature, mix- (
ing ratio and thermodynamic dew-point temperature 4.22/23
4.22.1.1 Factors for computing mixing ratio as a function of thermo-
dynamic wet-bulb temperature, temperature and pressure (
4.22.1.2 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic wet-bulb
temperature and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
4.22.2.1 Factors for computing thermodynamic wet-bulb temper- (
ature as a function of mixing ratio, temperature and
pressure
4.22.2.2 Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature as a function of
mixing ratio and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb (
4.22.3 Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of
thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature and temperature
for a pressure of 1 000 mb (
4.23 Relations between thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature and
mixing ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22/23
4.23.1.1 Factors for computing mixing ratio as a function of thermo- (
dynamic ice-bulb temperature, temperature and pressure
4.23.1. 2 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic ice-bulb
temperature and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
4.23.2.1 Factors for computing thermodynamic ice-bulb temper- (
ature as a function of mixing ratio, temperature and pres-
sure

VIL1973
 LIST OF TABLES xv
Tables Introductions
4.23.2.2 Thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature as a function of
mixing ratio and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
4.24 Thermodynamic properties of moist air • . . • . • . . . 4.24
4.24.1 Heat capacity at constant pressure residual of (1 +
1') kg
of moist air
4.24.2 Enthalpy residual of (1 + 1') kg of moist air
4.24.3 Entropy residual of (1 + 1') kg of moist air
4.24.4 Mixing entropy of (1 + 1') kg of moist air

6 Astronomical and geodetical tables

6.1 Scale variations of recommended map projections 6.1
6.2 Length of one degree on a parallel and on a meridian 6.2
6.3 Theoretical value of acceleration of gravity as a function of
latitude and altitude . . • . . • • . . . . . • . • • .
6.3.1 Acceleration of gravity at mean sea-level as a function of
latitude
6.3.2 Decrease of the acceleration of gravity in the free air as a
function of altitude and latitude

VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 1.1 - 1

Introduction to Table 1.1

UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

1 Coherent systems of units

Units might be chosen arbitrarily, but this would tend to lead to the appearance
of several additional numerical factors in the equations between the numerical
values of physical quantities. A more convenient method is to define a system
of units in such a way that the equations. between the numerical values have
exactly the same form as the corresponding equations between quantities. A
unit system defined in this way is called coherent in relation to the system of
quantities and equations in question.

2 The International System of Units

The "International System of Units", name adopted by the Conference
generale des Poids et Mesures 1 (CGPM-11, 1960), is a coherent system of units
founded on the seven basic units:
the metre,
the kilogramme,
the second,
the ampere,
the kelvin,
the candela,
the mole,
for the basic quantities of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature,
luminous intensity and amount of substance. By abbreviation this system is
referred to as the system of SI units (unites SI in French).

3 Basic units
Definitions of the seven basic units are given below: 2

3.1 Unit at length

The metre is the length equal to 1650 763.73 wavelengths in a vacuum of
the radiation corresponding to the transition between the level 2plO and 5d5 of
the atom of krypton 86 (CGPM-11, 1960).

3.2 Unit at mass

The kilogramme is the unit of mass; it is represented by the mass of the In-
ternational Kilogramme Prototype (CGPM-3, 1901).

1 Henceforth referred to as CGPM.

2 The original French text is reproduced exactly in the French version of the IMT.

Amend. (VII.1973)
INTRO.DUGFlON 1.,1 '- 2

3.3 Unit of time

The se.co:o.d is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radilltion cor-
responding' to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground
state of the caesium-133 atom (CGPM-13, 1967/1968).

3 .4 Unit of electric current

The ampere is the strength of a constant current which, flowing through
two linear parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible cross-section, placed
in a vacuum at a distance of 1 m from each other, would cause betwl;lenthese
conductors a force equlj.l to 2 X 10~7M:KS units of force for every metre of length
(CGPM-9, 1948).
NOTE: The MKS unit of force is the newton.

3.5 Unit of temperature

The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of
the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (CGPM-13, 1967/
1968).
NOTE: The name "kelvin" and the symbol "K" replaced the name "degree Kelvin"
and the symbol "oK" in 1967.

3.6 Unit of luminous intensity

The candela is the luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a
surface of 1/600 000 square metre of a black body at the temperature of freezing
(
platinum under a pressure of 101 325 newtons per square metre (CGPM-13,
1967/1968).
(
3.7 Unit of amount of substance
The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many
elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogrammes of carbon 12; its
symbol is "mol".
When the mole is used,the elementary ent~ties must be specified and may
be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such
particles (CGPM-14, 1971).
NOTE: The mole was introduced as a basic unit in 1971.
(
4 Temperature scales
The basic temperature is the thermodynamic temperature, symbol T, the unit
of which is the kelvin, symbol K. Its definition is given in section 3.5.
The Celsius temperature, symbol t j is defined by:
t = T - 273.15 K
The unit employed to express a Celsius temperature is the degree Celsius,
symbol cC, which is equal to the kelvin.

Amend. (ID.1973)
 INTRODUCTION!.1 - 3

International Practical Temperature Scale at 1968 (IPTS-68) (I), (2)

For the purpose of practical measurements, the Comite international des

Poids et Mesures adopted, in 1968, a scale oftemperatures based on: (1) a number
of defining fixed points that can be reproduced with high accuracy (in particular
the triple point of water and the normal hoiling point of water which are assigned
the temperatures of O.01°C and 100°C respectively); (2) standard instruments
calibrated at those temperatures; and (3) certain procedures for interpolation.
This scale is chosen in such a way that the temperature measured on it closely
approximates the thermodynamic temperature.
The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 distinguishes between
the International Practical Kelvin Temperature with the symbol T 08 and the
International Practical Celsius Temperature with the symbol taB, the relation
between T 6B and t6B is
t6B = T 68 - 273.15 K
NOTE 1: The official French text of the IPTS-68 is published in Comptes rendus
des seances de la treizieme Conference generale des Poids et Mesures, Annexe 2; the English
text can be found in Metrologia, Vo!. 5, No. 2.
NOTE 2: This scale replaces the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1948
(amended edition of 1960).

5 The fundamental unit of energy and its relation to other units of energy
The fundamental unit of energy is the joule (CGPM-9, 1948). If for one
reason or another the use of the abandoned unit calorie cannot be avoided, the
author himself is obliged to denote which conversion factor to joules should be
applied (see Table 1.1, section 17).

6 Relative atomic or molecular mass

6.1 Until recently two definitions of relative atomic mass were used:
(a) The physical definition based on the convention that the exact value of 16
should be given to the relative atomic mass of the nuclide 16 0.
(b) The chemical definition based on the convention that the exact value of 16
should be given to the relative atomic mass of the natural mixture of
isotopes O.

6.2 The values of the relative atomic mass A of any element (and thus of the
relative molecular mass of a substance) under physical and chemical definition
are related by the formula:
A (phys.) = 1.000275 A (chem.)

6.3 The General Assemblies of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Physics and of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry came to
a compromise in their sessions of 1960 and 1961, and a new definition, called the
unified definition, has been given.
In the unified definition the exact value of 12 is adopted for the relative
atomic mass of the nuclide 12C.

Amend. (VII.1973)
INTRODUCTION J , l - ~

The conversion factors to be tised are:

A (unit) A (phys.): (L000317 917± 0.000000017)
~
A (unit) = A (chem.): (1.000043 ± 0.000005)
(see K!\. Cohen and C. W. M. bl,lmond, Bep. Mod. Phys., 37, 537-594. October
1965). .

6.4 The fourteenth Conference generale des Poids et MeSl,lres dllcjded(Resolu·

tion 3) in 1971 to introduce the mole as a basic unit in the International System
of Units with the definition appearing in section 3.7.

6.5 Also in COnsequence of the unified definition, the definition has been given
of a new concept called the (unified) atomic mass constant. 'l'he atomic mass
constant equals 1/12 of the rest mass of an atom of nuclide 12C. This constant
is taken to be the (unified) atomic mass unit, symbol u:
1 u .,..,- atomic mass constant ~ 1.660 44x 10-27 kg (1)
Thus the rest ml,lSS of an atom (or amole.cule) can be expressed in kilo-
grammes or in atomic mass units, u; the numerical vahw of this mass expressed
in u equals the relative atomic (or molecular) mass of the element (or substance)
under considerl,ltion.
NOTE1: This is the 1963 value as quoted in the ISO InteJ'national Standard 3i/IX-
1973; see also Tl\ble 1.1, section 29.2, note 1.
(
7 Use of prefixes
Instead of exponentials on base 10, it is customary to use prefixes.
(
Prefixes indicating decimal multiples or submultiples of Units

Multiple Prefix Symbol

1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
10 deca da
iQ-1 deci d
10-2 centi c
10-3 milli m
10-6 .
mlCro Jl
10-9 nano n
10-12 plCO P
10-15 femto f
10-18 atto a

Amend. (VII.197.3)
 INTRODUCTION 1.1 - 5

8 Dimensions
The dimensions of the basic units for length, mass, time, temperature, elec-
tric current and luminous intensity are respectively denoted in this table by
L, M, T, e, I, J

9 Units used in the IMT

In general only metric units are used in IMT, except for other units recognized
by WMO. In Table 1.1, however, conversion factors for conversion of non-metric
units to metric units are also given, restricted to those which are or have been
of some importance in meteorology. For units which have become obsolete the
Table meteorologique internationale (Comite meteorologique internationale,
Paris, 1890) may be consulted.

10 Contents of tables
For each quantity, Table 1.1 generally first gives the SI unit with its defini-
tion and an indication of dimension in the basic units, then the other metric
units, and finally the conversion factors for the non-metric units.

11 References
ISO * International Standards:
31/1-1965 Basic quantities and units of the SI and quantities and units of
space and time. 2nd Edition, replacing R 31/1-1956.
Erratum Erratum of first printing December 1965.
31/II-1958 Quantities and units of periodic and related phenomena.
31/III-19,60 Quantities and units of mechanics.
31/IV-1960 Quantities and units of heat.
31/V-1965 Quantities {md units of electricity and magnetism.
31/VI-1973 Quantities and units of light and related electromagnetic radiations.
31/VII-1965 Quantities and units of acoustics.
31/VIII-1973 Quantities and units of physical chemistry and molecular physics.
31/IX-1973 Quantities and units of atomic and nuclear physics.
31/X-1973 Quantities and units of nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations.
31/XI-1961 l11athematical signs and symbols for use in the physical sciences
and technology.
1000-1973 Rules for the use of units of the international system of units and
a selection of the decimal multiples and sub-multiples of the SI units.

* ISO = International Organisation for Standardization (Organisation interna-

tionale de normalisation).

Amend. (VII.1973)
INTRODUCTION 1.1 - 6

International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Commission for Symbols,

Units and Nomenclature. DoculIlent UIP 11 (SUN 65...,.3 (1965)), Symbols, units
and nomenclature in physics.

*
" "
Table 1.1 and its introduction were drawn up by the Working Group on Ihter- J
national Meteorological Tables established by Resolution 9 (CAe-III). \

Amend. (VII,1973)
 INTRODUCTION 2.2 - 1

Introduction to Table 2.2

THE BEAUFORT WIND SCALE

Whereas wind speed is generally measured by the speed of the horizontal

motion of the air, the Beaufort scale provides a measure of the force of the wind
with reference to its effects on the surface. For this purpose classes are defined
according to certain specifications such as waves, spray, etc., and numbered
(Beaufort number or force). The force of the wind is described by the number
of the class, the specifications for which correspond to the effects observed. The
Beaufort scale is therefore a discrete scale.
The wind force scale was introduced in about 1806 by Admiral Sir Francis
Beaufort, who used specifications relating to the rigging of a man-of-war. This
method of assessing wind force became generally accepted among sailors, who
used more or less subjective specifications. In 1927 Captain Petersen gave a
description of the objective specifications for the assessment of wind force at sea
according to the Beaufort scale, and this description served as a basis for the
international specifications which are given in Table 10.1 of the Guide to Instru-
ment and Observing Practices (WMO - No. 8. TP. 3). Table 6.2 of the same
publication gives the parallel specifications for observation on land. These
specifications are reproduced below.
The Beaufort scale is still in general use among sailors both as a matter of
tradition and because it is representative of the state of the sea and conditions
of navigation, but for such a scale to be of use in meteorology the equivalents
of Beaufort numbers must be established in terms of wind speeds measured by
instruments according to the standard practices (Guide to Instrument and Observ-
ing Practices, Chapters 6 and 10, section 10.2). This equivalence has been
studied statistically by comparing Beaufort forces observed on the basis of the
above-mentioned specifications with wind speeds measured by instruments.
Complicated by the fact that instrument measurements are not made at ground-
or sea-level but at a given height, the question has given rise to much discus-
sion, especially in the case of high Beaufort numbers (9 to 12), where statistical
data are few. Several tables of equivalents have been put forward but have not
met with genera~ approv.al. ~ k .
Table 2.2 gives the Veflui'Oalent spooEl. 1(.),1' Beaufort numbers - m m sec-1
.L and knots --l'ooommen-dtm-lry-a-small--majarit-y-trt;-the--fuurtlT-sesswn--of-'1;he'
'7" Go.m..ml.ssinn-f-eP-Ml1ritime M-etear(lIogy-in---1864-+R-ecommenda-tiurr-5]:-----'fchiB'

J'6(}f}m-m~)] dati on~ilLn~mC'-in-to~lJl'CeU:6lIr-it-lms-been-~ dopted- by the-Bxe~­

l'J!'l:l'l:ive-6&m·mi-t-tee-.-
NOTE: The Beaufort forces 13 to 17 introduced by the "International Meteoro-
logical Committee" in 1946, were not retained by CMM n.
,,( ad~ ~[..~ ;"" WI<D?c--\, ,.1" q"JP 4,\f~Q_\5
vJu,-~ \~~tA
- ,~
- C10lu .

V.1966
 TABLE 2.2 - 1

Table 2.2 Beaufort wind scale

Echelle anemometrique Beaufort

Beaufort Mean speed equivalent at a standard height of 10 ill

number above sea-level or above open fiat ground
OhitJre Equivalence de vitesse 17Wyenne a uno hauteur standard de 10 ill
Beaufort au-dessus du niveau de la mer ou au-dessus d'un terrain plflt decouver'

ills-1
I knots namds

0 0- 0.2 <1
1 0.3- 1.5 1- 3
2 1.6 - 3.3 4,- 6
3 3A- 5A 7 -10
4, 5.5 - 7.9 11-16
5 8.0 -10.7 17 -21
6 10.8 -13.8 22 - 27
7 13.9-17.1 28 -33
8 17.2-20.7 34, - 4,0
9 20.8- 24,A M -4,7
10 24,.5 - 28.4, 4,8 - 55
11 28.5 - 32.6 56 - 63
12 ~ 32.7 ~ 64,

Amend. (ill. 19GB)

 INTRODUCTION 2.3 - 1

Introduction to Table 2.3

GEOSTROPHIC WIND

Geostrophic wind is the wind, in horizontal frictionless motion, calculated

when the Coriolis horizontal force is assu~ed, equal and opposite to the flPBSB1ol1'tJ"
h€ll'izop.t.211:U2l.F 1l<u.. ~gql+te<L ~ ~ee..t .
Table 2.3.1 - Geostrophic wind for constant pressure surfaces
The geostrophic wind equation on a constant pressure surface, using hydro-
static approximation, is :

where ep is the geopotential on the surface, n any direction on this surface, Vg the
t
geostrophic wind component perpendicular to n, the Coriolis parameter and G
a coefficient depending on the units of geopotential used (G = 9.8 if ep is expressed
in geopotential metres).
If the contours are drawn for intervals of geopotential l1ep expressed in
geopotential metres, the above equation becomes:

111ep 111ep
Vg (m sec-I) = 8.817 95x10-S 7 I1n' Vg (knots) = 1.71407 X 10- L
t
~
LJ.n

where I1n is the distance, measured in mean degrees of latitude (1), between the
intersections of n with two consecutive contours.
If the direction n is chosen perpendicular to the contours, I1n becomes the
contour spacing and Vg the speed of the geostrophic wind.
The four tables 2.3.1 give the values of Vg in m sec- 1 and in knots for
40 and 60 gpm contour intervals. Vg is expressed as a function of the latitude
and of the distance I1n between the contours, I1n being measured both in mean
degrees of latitude and in kilometres.
These tables can be used for other intervals since Vg is proportional to the
contour intervals (l1ep in geopotential metres) and inversely proportional to the
contour spacing (I1n). For example, if the contours are drawn for intervals
l1ep = 50 gpm, Vg may be found by multiplying the tabular values of Vg for
50
l1ep = 40 gpm by 40' If the intervals between the contours are 40 gpm but
values of Vg are required over greater contour spacing I1n, 15 mean degrees of
latitude for instance, merely multiply the tabular values of Vg for 10 mean

degrees of latitude by ~~ :
10
Vg (knots) = 6.1 X 15 = 4.1 knots for latitude 50 degrees.

V.I966
 INTRODUCTION 2.3 - 2 (
Table 2.3.2 - Geostrophic wind for constant level surfaces
The geostrophic wind equation on a surface of constant geopotential is : (
1 dp
Vg = - -
tp dn
where p is the pressure on the surface, n any direction on this surface, Vg the
t
geostrophic wind component perpendicular to n, the Coriolis parameter and p
the density of the air.
On a constant level surface where the isobars are drawn for pressure inter-
vals Ap and where the density of air is 1 kg m-a, the above equation becomes:

1 Ap 1 Ap (
Vg (m sec-I) = 8.997 9Xl0-4 An' Vg (knots) = 1.749 05Xl0-a An
1 1
where An is the distance, measured in mean degrees of latitude (1), between the (
intersections of n with two consecutive isobars.
If the direction n is chosen perpendicular to the isobars, An becomes the
isobar spacing and Vg the speed of the geostrophic wind.
The four tables 2.3.2 give the values of Vg both in m sec~I and in knots for
4 and 5 mb isobar intervals; Vg is expressed as a function of the latitude and of
the distance An between the isobars, An being measured both in mean degrees
of latitude and in kilometres. (
These tables can be used for other intervals since Vg is proportional to the
isobar intervals (Ap in mb) and inversely proportional to the isobar spacing
(An). For example, if the isobars are drawn for intervals of 3 mb, Vg may be (

found by multiplying the tabular values of Vg for Ap = 4 mb by ~. If the inter-

4
vals between isobars are 4 mb but values of Vg are required over greater isobar (
spacing, 15 mean degrees of latitude for instance, merely multiply the tabular

values of Vg for 10 mean degrees of latitude by ~~ :

Vg (knots) = 6.3X~~ = 4.2 knots for latitude 50 degrees.

As the geostrophic wind is inversely proportional to the density of the air

and the tables are computed for a density of 1 kg m-3 (corresponding to the
average density at about 2 km above sea-level) the geostrophic wind for any
density can be found by dividing the geostrophic wind values in the tables by
the density expressed in kg m-3 • Thus for a density of 0.85 kg m-3 when Ap =
4 mb and An = 2 mean degrees of latitude, at 50 degrees of latitude:

Vg (knots) = 31..3
0.85 =
68
3. knots

Table 2.3 has been computed by the U.S. 'iV'eather Bureau on an IBM 7094
(
computer; the programme, established in Fortran code, is kept at the WMO Sec-
retariat.
(
V.I966
 INTRODUCTION 2.3 - 3

N OTE1: The length of the mean degree of latitude is taken in this computation
as 1/90 of one quarter of the terrestrial meridian, i.e. 1/90 of 10 002 288 m = 111137 m
according to the international ellipsoid of reference (more recent measurements of the
Earth show differences, but too small to affect tabulated values of Vg).
Though the true length of a degree of latitude varies slightly with latitude, it can
be used instead of the mean degree of latitude for the measurement of f),.n at a given
place, the maximum error resulting for Vg being of the order of 0.5 %.
These considerations are not applicable when f),.n is measured in km.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 2.4 - t

Introduction to Table 2.4

GRADIENT WIND

The gradient wind is the wind, in horizontal frictionless motion, calculated

when assuming no tangential acceleration.
The gradient wind V is related to the geostrophic wind by the following
equation:

(1)

where Vg is the geostrophic wind (see Table 2.3), I the Coriolis parameter, and
r the radius of curvature of the trajectory, using the convention that I' is positive
for cyclonic curvature and negative for anticyclonic curvature.
Note that the 1'1 parameter has the dimension of speed (LX T-1 = LT-1)
and that the relation (1) is independent of the units employed provided that 1'1, Vg
and V are expressed in the same units.
Tables 2.4.1.1 and 2.4.1.2 show the values of the 1'1 parameter as a function
of the latitude and of the radius of curvature I' expressed both in mean degrees
of latitude and in kilometres (Table 2.4.1.1 for 1'1 expressed in m sec-1 and Table
2.4.1.2 for 1'1 in knots). As the 1'1 parameter is linear in r, it is easy to find rl
for values of I' not quoted in the table, by simple addition (e.g. for I' = 23 degrees,
add the values of rl for 20 degrees to those for 3 degrees).
Table 2.4.2 shows values of the gradient wind V as a function of the geo-
strophic wind Vg and of the 1'1 parameter according to equation (1). Though the
table is dimensionless, care must be taken to maintain consistant units for Vg,
rl and V. It is in two parts.
Table 2.4.2.1 is for use when the curvature is cyclonic.
Table 2.4.2.2 is for use when the curvature is anticyclonic.
In the latter case only real values of V must be considered, so

4Vg
1+ :::".0
rl
If this condition is not fulfilled the values of V are complex numbers and
the gradient wind cannot be defined: the wind would not flow along the isobars

or contours. At the limit, 1 + 4rlVg = 0 V becomes critical:

'
Vcrltical = 2Vg
and II'll critical = 4 Vg.

Directions for use of the Tables

(1) Determine the geostrophic wind from Table 2.3 (30 m sec-1 for instance).

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 2.4 ~ 2

(2) Determine the radius of curvature l' of the trajectory (12 mean degrees
of latitude for instance). Then, in Table 2.4.1, find the value of 1'1 (in the same
units as Vg) for the radius of curvature l' and the latitude of the given point (such
(
as 1'1 = 159 m sec-1 for a latitude of 55°).
(3) Find the value of V for Vg and 1'1 in Table 2.4.2 (cyclonic or anticyclonic
curvature as the case may be). V is expressed in the same units (in this example (
V = 26 m sec-1 for cyclonic curvature and V = 40 m sec-1 for anticyclonic
curvature).
(
Table 2.4 has been computed by the U.S. Weather Bureau on an IBM 7094
computer j the programme, established in Fortran code, is kept at the WMO Sec-
retariat.

'v.1966
 INTRODUCTION 2.5 - 1

Introduction to Table 2.5

THE CORIOLIS PARAMETER AND THE ROSSBY PARAMETER

The Coriolis parameter f appears in the equations of motion on the Earth on

account of the Coriolis acceleration due to the rotation of the Earth (see Intro-
ductions to Tables 2.3 and 2.4.) ; f is dependent only on the latitude rp and its
value is given by
f = 2w sin rp
where w is the angular velocity of the Earth.
The Rossby parameter fJ is the rate at which the Coriolis parameter increases

for a northward displacement l on the Earth, fJ = ~, i.e.

fJ = 2w cos rp
R
where R is the radius of the Earth.
The fJ parameter takes its importance from Rossby's long-wave formula
for a sinusoidal perturbation on a zonal current:

fJL2
U - c = -2
4n
where U is the velocity of an undisturbed zonal current,
c IS the phase velocity of the sinusoidal perturbation,
L IS the wavelength of the perturbation,
fJ IS assumed to be constant with latitude for a gIVen current.
This formula is valid on the assumption of a frictionless, homogeneous and
incompressible atmosphere in horizontal motion.
Table 2.5 gives values of f and fJ for each degree of latitude. Linear inter-
polation is practicable throughout the table.
The following constants have been used in the computation:

2n 2n
16 1 = 7.292 116 X 10-5 rad sec-I (see Table 1.1,
w = 1 sideral day 86 4..' section 4.)
R = 6371229 m

R is the mean radius of the international ellipsoid of reference. Most recent

values of R differ from the above value by about 4. parts in 10 5 ; such differences
are too small to affect the tabulated values of fJ.
Table 2.5 has been computed by the D.S. Weather Bureau on an IBM 7094
computer j the programme, established in Fortran code, is kept at the ,VMO Sec-
retariat.

V.I966
 INTRODUCTION 3.1 - 1

Introduction to Table 3.1

THE RELATION BETWEEN GEOPOTENTIAL

AND GEOMETRIC HEIGHT

Geopotential c[J, expressed in geopotential metres (see the definition of the

geopotential metre, Tahle 1.1, section 19), is found by means of the equation:
z

c[J = 9~8 J
o
gdZ (1)

where g is the acceleration of gravity and Z the geometric height.

To integrate equation (1), let us assume, as a first approximation, that g is
given by Newton's inverse square law:

g = grp (R + Z)2 (2)

where g (in m sec-2) is the acceleration of gravity for the height Z and the lati-
tude rp, grp (in m sec-2 ) is the acceleration of gravity at mean sea-level for the
same latitude rp, and R (in metres) is the length of the Earth's radius at the
given latitude.
Incorporating this value of g into equation (1) and integrating, we get:

c[J = grp. R (_Z_) (3)

9.8 R Z+
or
Z= R.c[J .
grpR) _ c[J (4)
( 9.8

The first approximation is rather crude because the expression chosen for g
would be valid only if the Earth were a non-rotating sphere composed of shells
of equal density.
In the equations (2) and (3), g and c[J are given as a function of the actual
acceleration of gravity at mean sea-level, grp. An improvement can be made by
introducing the condition that the vertical gradient of g must be equal to the
actual vertical gradient at mean sea-level.
To fulfil this condition, let us replace R by a fictitious value R' and differen-
tiate equation (2) with respect to Z :
dg R'2
dZ = - 2grp (R' + Z)3
whence, for Z = 0,

V.1966
INTRODUCTION 3.1 - 2 (
The approximation taken for g, equation (2), is sufficiently accurate when R
is replaced by R', because the values of ganG its vertical gradient at mean sea- (
level are made to correspond with the values calculated on the ellipsoid with
allowance for the distribution of densities and for centrifugal acceleration. Now
-the equations (3) and (4) between the geopotential i[J and the geometric height Z
fulfil two boundary conditions, i.e. for the first and the second partial derivative (
·of i[J with respect to Z when i[J = Z = 0 ; this gives a satisfactory approximation
for the relationship between geometric height and the geopotential up to about
-600 km. For great heights, the more advanced theory of Helmert 1 is more (
reliable.
The notion of geopotential loses its meaning for altitudes where g becomes
zero and changes sign, i.e. where centrifugal force equals and then exceeds the
force of attraction. In the plane of the Equator this occurs at a distance from
"the centre of the Earth of 6.6 times t.he Earth's radius. For high levels the
notions of geographical latitude and altitude must be treated with circumspec-
"tion, as geometric height is no longer measured along a line perpendicular to the (
"terrestrial surface but along a line of force of g.

Calculation of the vertical gradient of gravity at mean sea-level

Let V be the gravitational potential of the Earth and w its angular velocity;
in the x, y, z co-ordinate system where the z axis is taken as the axis of rotation,
"the full expression of the gravity potential W is : (
w2
W = V + 2" (x 2 + y2) (5)

If we take the laplacian of W, knowing that the laplacian of the gravita- (

tional potential is nil for every external point (V 2 V = 0), we obtain:
V2W = 2w 2 •

On the other hand, geometrical considerations (see for instance R. vVavre:

Figures planetaires et geodesie, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1932, pp. 49-52) lead to
"the following equation:

V2W = - ({)g) - grp C (6)

Jz z=o
where C is twice the mean curvature of the Earth's surface, i.e.

M and N respectively being the radii of curvature of the ellipsoid in the (

meridian plane and in a vertical plane perpendicular to it.
{)g
Now we get {)Z from equations (5) and (6) :

_ (Jg) = grp (~ + N~) + 2w2 . (7)

Jz z=o M

1 HELMERT, F. R., Die rnathematischen ltnd physikalischen Theorien del' hiiheren

Geodasie, Vo!. 2, 1886.
(
 INTRODUCTION 3.1 - 3:

OJ . a constant an d Mi and Jljepend

IS id only on t hf
e orm 0
f the elhpsOId
. . and

the latitude, viz. :

i (1- e2 sin2 rp) '/, 1 (1- e2 sin2 rp) 'I,

M a(1- e2 ) N a
where a is the semi-major axis of the Earth and e the eccentricity.
Developing in series and keeping only the terms containing powers of e:
less than or equal to 4, we obtain:
1 1 2
'" +
in
-N
1
= -a (co + Cl cos 2 rp + C2 cos 4 rp )
where Co = 1 + 5/32 e4 ,
Cl = 1/2 e2 + 5/16 e 4
,
C2 = 1/32 e4•
On the other hand, the expression of g({l (see Table 3,8,2) is :
g({l = 9.806 16 (1- 0.002 637 3 cos 2 rp + 0.000005 9 cos 2 2rp) ms.-I.

.
Thus calculatmg 1
NI + JIj1 f or t he 'mternatwna
. I e11'IpSOI'd 0f ref erence (a =
6378388 m and e2 =
0.00672267002), taking OJ = 7.292116 X 10-5 sec-I, and
entering these values in equation (7) we obtain:

- (()g) = 3.085 462 X 10-6

{)Z z~o
+ 2.27 X 10- 9 cos 2 rp - 2 X 10-12 cos 4 rp. (8),

NOTE: This method was worked out by L. P. Harrison from a suggestion by

W. D. Lambert. The calculation of ~~ at mean sea-level (equation 8) is given in an
unpublished manuscript by 'IV. D. Lambert of which a copy is kept at the WMO Sec--
retariat,

Description and use of the Tables

I
Table 3.1.1 prOVI'd es values 0
f t h e quantItIes
.. RI an d g({lR
9.8 as a f unctwn
.

of latitude rp. The last figure in the tabular values is not significant but makes
it possible to obtain a smoother interpolation, mainly for high altitudes. Linear-
interpolation may only affect the accuracy of the last figure, except for the
I
g({lR
values of 9.8 when rp < 25 0 and 550 < rp < 700 where the figure for the tens
may be in error by one unit.
To calculate (jj as a function of Z, or conversely Z as a function of (jj, merely

replace Rand ~: in equations (3) and (4) by the values given in the table for
I
RI and g({lR ,
9.8

V.1966,
INTRODUCTION 3.1 ~ 40 (
Examples:
(1) Given a station at latitude rp = 51 0 10' and height Z = 1384.4 metres, (
by interpolating the tabular values we obtain R' = 6 360 942 m ~nd g;~' =
6 368 529 gpm; entering these values in equation (3) we get <P = 1 385.7 gpm. (
(2) Given a point at latitude rp = 20°30' with a geopotential of <P = 6 400.0
gprn, by-interpolating the tabular values we obtain R' = 6340216 m and g;~'
= 6331593 gpm ; entering these values in equation (4) we get Z = 6415.2 m.
Table 3. 1. 2 gives the value of the geopotential <P directly as a function of
latitude rp and geometric height Z.
Table 3.1.3 gives the value of geometric height Z directly as a function of
latitude rp and geopotential <P.
In both of these tables, tabular values with arguments exceeding 200 000 gpm
or 200 000 m are uncertain by approximately one unit in the last figure.
Linear interpolation according to altitude or geopotential is practicable
without restriction for arguments of less than 30 000; between 30 000 and
130 000, errors of one unit in the last figure may result; above 130 000 only the
last figure may be affected.
Tables 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 are reproductions of the SMT 409, 50 and 51. (

-v .1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.2/3/4 - 1

Introduction to Tables 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4

GEOPOTENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISOBARIC

SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE AND OF MEAN
VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE

The difference of geopotential /;t,/P, expressed in geopotential metres, between

two surfaces of constant pressure PI and P2 is given by the relation (derived from
the hydrostatic equation) :

(1)

where R is the gas constant for dry air, expressed in J kg-I OK-I, and T my is the
mean virtual temperature, expressed in oK, between the given isobaric surfaces.
The mean virtual temperature is defined as the mean of the virtual temperature
T y according to the logarithm of pressure:
PI P,

T my = f
pg
Tydln p / f
P2
dlnp.

Equation (1) can also be written:

R 1 PI
/),(f> = 981-- (273.15
. og e
+ tmy) log P2
- (2)

where tmy is the mean virtual temperature expressed in °C.

As the following value has been adopted for R (Resolution 17(Cg-III), see
WMO TR, Appendix C, section 9) :
R = 287.05 J kg-1 oK-I,
equation (2) is reduced to :

fo,.,(f> = 67.445 (273.15 + tmy) log PI gpm. (3)

P2

GeoDotential differences between selected isobaric surfaces as a function of

mein virtual temperature (Tables 3.2 and 3.3)
Tables 3.2 and 3.3 give the difference of geopotential (in geopotential
metres) between two selected isobaric surfaces as a function of the mean virtual
temperature of the layer between these surfaces. The two tables differ only in
the choice of isobaric surfaces.
To obtain the difference of geopotential between two given pressure sur-
faces, the first step is to determine the mean virtual temperature of the layer,
then to look up in the table the value of fo,.,(f> corresponding to the given layer
(pressure on its boundary surfaces) and to the mean virtual temperature (for
layer 850-700 mb and tmy = -8°C, for example, Table 3.3 gives fo,.,(f> = 1 508
gpm).

V.1966
INTRODUCTION 3.2/3/4 - 2 (
Table 3.2 - Geopotential differences between consecutive isobaric sur-
faces as a function of mean virtual temperature (
This table gives the thicknesses (differences of geopotential) between con-
secutive isobaric surfaces. Increments are 50 mb between 1 050 and 200 mb,
25 mb between 200 and 100 mb, 10 mb between 100 and 10 mb and 5 mb between (
10 and 5 mb. The difference of geopotential between two non-consecutive
isobaric surfaces not appearing in Table 3.3 is obtained by breaking this layer
into layers bounded by consecutive isobaric surfaces and by finding the difference
of geopotential for each of these layers as a function of the mean virtual tem- (
perature, then merely adding the thickness of these layers - for example
LlW(700/550) = LlW(700/650) + LlW(650/600) + LlW(600/550).

Table 3.3 - Geopotential differences between pairs of standard isobaric

surfaces as a function of mean virtual temperature
This table gives the differences of geopotential:
(a) between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces, and
(h) between selected pairs of non-consecutive standard isobaric surfaces.
Since pressure in equation (3) appears only as a ratio, it is not necessary t~
repeat tabular values for all combinations of pressures (for example 500/400 =
250/200). ·When a pressure ratio appears for the second time, therefore, the
reader is referred to the corresponding layer already given.
Table 3.3 is used to establish directly the relative topography of layers
between two standard isobaric surfaces as a function of mean virtual tempera-
ture j conversely, it can serve in the determination of the mean virtual tem- (
perature of a layer between two standard isobaric surfaces as a function of thick-
nesses (for example, in the 700/500 mb layer, for a thickness of 2 568 gpm, the
mean virtual temperature will be 12.6oC).
A table showing mean virtual temperature as a function of the differences
of geopotential between standard isobaric surfaces is planned for the second set
of the IMT.

Geopotential differences between standard isobaric sw-faces and surfaces

of given pressure (Table 3.4)
(
Table 3 .4 is intended for use in the calculation of the geopotential difference
between any constant pressure surface and the standard isobaric surface imme-
diately above or below. This geopotential difference is a function of the pressure
of the isobaric surface in question and the mean virtual temperature of the layer.

Equation (3) can be written:

(4) (
where LlW o is the geopotential difference between the isobaric surfaces having a
pressure of PI and P2 for a mean virtual temperature of ooC,

LlW o = 67.445 X 273.15 log -PI = 18 422.6 log -PI gpm

P2 P2

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.2/3/4 - 3

and where !1(jJt is a correction depending on !1(jJo and on the mean virtual tem-
perature of the PIP2 layer,

Table 3.4.1 gives the geopotential difference !1(jJo, expressed in gpm, for a
mean virtual temperature of ooe, between a surface of constant pressure PI and
the standard isobaric surface P2 = 1 000 and 850 mb immediately above, as a
function of PI' Table 3.4.1' is the same as the one before as regards the 1 000 mb
isobaric surface but with smaller intervals between pressure arguments (0.1 mb).
Table 3.4.2 gives geopotential differences, expressed in gpm, for a mean
virtual temperature of ooe between a constant pressure surface P2 and the stand-
ard isobaric surface PI immediately below, as a function of the pressure P2'
Table 3.4.3 gives the correction !1(jJt, expressed in gpm, as a function of the
mean virtual temperature tmv and the geopotential difference !1(jJo; the inter-
vals of !1(jJo are 10 gpm between 0 and 1000 gpm and 1000 gpm between 1000
and 5000 gpm. We should note that !1(jJt is proportional to !1(jJo so that the values
of !1(jJt corresponding to values of !1(jJo over i OOU gpm are found by simple
addition; for example, if !1(jJo = 2 340 gpm, find in the table the values of !1(jJt
for !1(jJo = 2 000 gpm and !1(jJo = 340 gpm, and add these two values together.
The correction !1(jJt takes the same sign as the mean virtual temperature tmv .
To find the geopotential difference between a surface of constant pressurepI
(for instance PI = 1 028 mb and the standard isobaric surface immediately
above (in this example P2 = 1000 mb) :
(1) Find in Table 3.4.1 or 3.4.1' the value of !1(jJo corresponding to the
given pressure PI = 1028 mb for the isobaric surface P2 = 1000 mb, or !1(jJo =
221 gpm.
(2) Find the mean virtual temperature of the layer between the surfaces
PI = 1 028 mb and pz = 1 000 mb, for example tmv = 17 oe. Then, in Table
3.4.3, read off the value of!1(jJt corresponding to !1(jJo = 221 gpm and tmv = 17oe,
i.e. !1(jJt = 14 gpm.
(3) The geopotential difference is then obtained by adding !1(jJt to !1(jJo, or
!1(jJ = 221 + 14 = 235 gpm.
To calculate the geopotential difference between a surface of constant
pressure P2 and the standard isobaric surface immediately below (PI), the same
procedure is followed with Table 3.4.2 instead of Table 3.4.1. For instance, if
P2 = 207 mb and Pl = 300 mb, Table 3.4.2 reads !1(jJo = 2969 gpm ; for a mean
virtual temperature tmv = -43oe, Table 3.4.3 gives for !1(jJt the value of !1(jJt =
- (153 +315) = - 468 gpm. The geopotential difference will thus be:
!1(jJ = 2 969 - 468 = 2 501 gpm.

Computation of the geopotential of any isobaric surface

To calculate the geopotential of any isobaric surface when the virtual tem-
peratures below this surface are known, Tables 3.3 and 3.4 are used together
as follows:

V.I966
INTRODUCTION 3.2/3/4 - 4 (

(1) Find the geopotential difference between the isobaric surface in ques-
tion and the standard isobaric surface immediately below by means of Tables (
3.4.2 and 3.4.3.
(2) Find the geopotential difference between the reference surface (for
example ground level) and the standard isobaric surface immediately above by (
means of Tables 3.4.1 and 3.4.3.
(3) Divide the layer bounded by the standard isobaric surfaces mentioned
under (1) and (2) into layers between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces and (
find the geopotential difference for each by means of Table 3.3.
'(4) Add the geopotential differences found under (1), (2) and (3) to the geo-
potential level of the reference surface. found as a function of altitude by means (
of Table 3.1. 2.

Example: For a constant pressure surface of 165 mb and a reference surface

(for example ground level) 153 m above sea-level with a pressure of 1 008 mb,
the calculation works out as follows after the mean virtual temperatures (tmv ) of
the various layers have been found:

Tables Isobaric tmv Geopotential

surfaces difference
mb gpm (
3.4.2 165 - 200 -53.0
1240
3.4.3
200 - 300 -54.6 2596 (
300 - 400 -46.3 1912
400 - 500 -34.7 1559
3.3
500 - 700 -20.2 2493
700 - 850 7.5 1511
850 -1000 + 3.4 1317
3.4.1 1000 -1 OOR + 7.4
3.4.3 } 66 (
3.1.2 Geopotential of the
reference surface 153
Geopotential of the surface in question: 12847

NOTE: If greater accuracy of computation is required, the layer bounded by the

extreme standard isobaric surfaces, in this example 200 and 1 000 mb, can be divided
into thinner layers bounded by the isobaric surfaces given in Table 3.2, i.e. 200 - 250 -
300 - ... 950 - 1 000 mb. The calculation is analogous to the preceding one, except
that Table 3.2 is used instead of Table 3.3.
(
Lineal' interpolation is practicable in all the tables except Table 3.4.2 for
standard isobaric surfaces of 50 mb pressure or less.

Tables 3.2 and 3.3 were computed by the U.S. vVeather Bureau on an IBM 7094
(
computer; the programme, established in Fortran code, is kept at the WMO Sec-
retariat.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.2/3/4 - 5

Tables 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 have been specially recomputed by the Japan Meteoro-
logical Agency after the pattern of Tables 1 and 2 of the Rawinsonde Observation
Computation Tables and Diagrams (Japan Meteorological Agency 1957) taking into
account the new values of the physical constants and the standard isobaric levels
adopted by WMO.
Table 3.4.3 is a partial reproduction of Table 4 of the above-mentioned work.
The values of ll<lJt for ll<lJo arguments between 1 000 and 5 000 gpm are taken from
SMT 52 D.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.5/6/7 - 1

Introduction to Tables 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7

MEAN VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE OF LAYERS BETWEEN

PAIRS OF STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION
OF GEOPOTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

RELATIONS BETWEEN INCREASES IN PRESSURE AND

INCREASES IN GEOPOTENTIAL

Mean virtual temperature of layers between pairs of standard isobaric

surfaces as a function of geopotential dift'erence (Table 3.5)
The mean virtual temperature tmv of a layer between two surfaces of con-
stant pressure PI and P2 is obtained from equation (3) of the Introduction 3.2/3/4,
VIZ:

!i([J
t mv = - 273.15 oC
67.445 log PI
P2

where !i([J is the geopotential difference, expressed in gpm, between the boundary
surfaces.
Table 3.5 gives the mean virtual temperature values as a function of the
differences of geopotential for the layers between two consecutive standard
isobaric surfaces and for certain selected layers between two non-consecutive
standard isobaric surfaces.
Linear interpolation is practicable throughout the table.
Table 3.5 was computed by the Environmental Science Services Administration
(U.S. Department of Commerce) on a CDC 6600 computer; the programme, established
in Fortran language, is kept at the WMO Secretariat.

Relations between increases in pressure and increases in geopotential

(Tables 3.6 and 3.7)
The increase in geopotential d([J, expressed in gpm, corresponding to a
pressure, dp increase is given by the relation:

R dp
d([J=-- T v - (1)
9.8 p

where R = 287.05 J kg-1 °K-1 is the gas constant for dry aIr, Tv is virtual
temperature in OK, and p is pressure.
This equation is the differential form of equation (1) of the Introduc-
tion 3.2/3/4.

IV.196B
 INTROIlUCTION 3.5/6/7 ~. 2 (

If pressure is expressed in mb and virtual temperature in oC, ty = T y -

- 273.15, the increase in geopotential corresponding to an increase in pressure (

of 1 millibar is :

(d eJ))Imb = -
287.05 (273.15
-- •
+ t.v ) gpm (2)
9.8 p

and the increase in pressure corresponding to an Increase In geopotential of (

10 geopotential metres is : .

9.8x 10 P (
(dp)IOgpm = - -287.05 . 273.15 + ty mb. (3)

Table 3.6 gives the increment in geopotential corresponding to a 1 mb

pressure decrease, as a function of pressure and virtual temperature. Linear
interpolation is practicable with respect to virtual temperature but not with
respect to pressure. (
Table 3.7 gives the pressure increment corresponding to a 10 gpm geo-
potential decrease, as a function of pressure and virtual temperature. Linear
interpolation is practicable with respect to pressure but not with respect to
virtual temperature.
(

Tables 3.6 and 3.7 are reproduced from SMT 57 and 60, which were computed
using the following values of physical constants: R = 287.04 J kg-1 0l{-l and To (
(temperature of the normal ice point) = 273.16°1(, These values show slight differences
from cOl'l'esponding IMT values mentioned in this Introduction, but these differences
lead to deviations of no more than unity in the last significant figure given in SMT 57
and 60.
(

(
IV .1968
 INTRODUCTION 3.8 - 1

Introduction to Table 3.8

INTERNATIONAL BAROMETER CONVENTIONS

AND THE PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THEORETICAL
VALUES OF LOCAL ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY

Table 3.8 is divided into two parts :

Table 3.8.1 - International barometer conventions;
Table 3.8.2 - Procedure for calculating theoretical values of local
acceleration of gravity.
Table 3.8.1 calls for no comment. In Table 3.8.2, however, the procedure
·outlined for the calculation of acceleration of gravity contains some peculiarities.
Thus this introduction is mainly to the latter table.

The procedure for calculating the acceleration of gravity for meteoro-

logical purposes
The potential of gravity for any point external to a fluid celestial body is
determined entirely by (a) the free surface of the body, (b) its angular velocity,
and (c) its total mass (Stokes's theorem).
Consequently, the theoretical value of the acceleration of gravity at the
Earth's surface or above it depends upon (a) the form of the Earth, (b) its angular
velocity, and (c) the potential of gravity at the Earth's surface, or the accelera-
tion of gravity at a point on it.

Theoretical value of the acceleration of gravity at sea-level

The variation of the acceleration of gravity at sea-level as a function of
latitude is given by Clairaut's formula rectified, or, in the case of an ellipsoid
of revolution:
grp,o = gE (1 + Psin2 rp + e sin2 2rp)
5m 17
with P=--f--fm
2 14

I> = -f (5m-f)
8
where grp,o is the acceleration of gravity at sea-level at latitude rp ;
gE the acceleration of gravity at sea-level on the Equator;
f the flattening of the Earth;
m the ratio of centrifugal to gravity acceleration at the Equator.
The numerical values of the coefficients Pand e, as also of gE, depend on the
hypotheses made about the form of the Earth and on the value taken for the
acceleration of gravity at a point on the surface.
(1) The International Association of Geodesy (Stockholm, 1930) has adopted
the following International Gral'ity Formula:
grp,o = 978.0490 (1 + 0.005 2884 sin 2
rp - 0.000 005 9 sin2 2rp) cm sec-2 (i 1)

V.1966
INTRODUCTION 3.8 - 2 (

This formula is based on the following hypotheses :

(a) The form of the Earth is that of the International Ellipsoid of Reference, (
which is an ellipsoid of revolution with a semi-major axis a= 6378 388 m
and flattening f = 1/297.
(b) The value of the acceleration of gravity at sea-level is 978.049 0 cm sec-2 on (
the Equator (or 980.629 cm sec-2 at latitude 45 0 ). These values are estab-
lished in the Potsdam system, i.e. the reference value taken is the accelera-
tion of gravity 981.274 cm sec-2 measured at Potsdam in 1906, generally (
used as reference value in geophysics.

(2) Meteorologists use another formula to calculate the theoretical value

of the acceleration of gravity at sea-level which serves as basis for the Meteoro-
logical GralJity System:
grp,o = 980.616 (1- 0.002 637 3 cos 2rp + 0.000 005 9 cos 2
2rp) cm sec-2 (i 2) (
or expressed in sin rp,
grp,o = 978.0356 (1 + 0.0052885 sin 2
rp - 0.000 0059 sin2 2rp) cm sec-2 •

The basis for this formula is as follows:

(a) The form of the Earth is that of the International Ellipsoid of Reference.
(b) The value 980.616 cm sec-2 has been chosen as the most representative of
the acceleration of gravity at sea-level at latitude 45 0 in accordance with
the opinion of the International Association of Geodesy (1950). This is the
value generally used by physicists. (
The values for the acceleration of gravity found in the meteorological
system are 0.013 cm sec-2 lower than those of the Potsdam system.
It should be noted that the Potsdam system is widely used in geodesy, (
where absolute values of the acceleration of gravity are much less important
than relative ones. Meteorology, by contrast, is concerned with absolute values.

Variation of the acceleration of gravity with altitude 1

Lambert 2 gives the following equation for the calculation of the theoretical
value of the acceleration of gravity grp,z (in cm sec-2) at a point situated in
"free ail''' at an altitude Z (in m) and latitude rp :

grp,Z = grp,o - (3.085 462 X 10-4 + 2.27 X 10-7 cos 2rp)Z (

+ (7.254X10-11 + 1.0 X10-13 cos 2rp)Z2
- (1.517x10- 17+ 6x10-20 COS2rp)Z3 cm sec-2 • (i 3)

1 See also the Introduction to Table 3.1 on the problems of the variation of
acceleration of gravity with altitude.
2 LAMBERT, W. D., Formula for the geopotential including the effects of elelJation
and of the flattening of the Earth. Unpublished MS, 15 October 1946 (copy at WMO
Secretariat) .
(
V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.8 - 3

This equation is derived from Helmert's 1 expression of the potential U with the
term in D /1'4 disregarded, thus:

where M is the Earth's mass,

I{2 the Newtonian gravitation constant,
l' the radius vector of the point in question,
8 = sin 0, the sine of the geocentric latitude,
w the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation,
C and A the moments of inertia of the Earth about the polar axis and an
equatorial axis.
+
If we take l' = 1'0 Z, where 1'0 is the length of the radius vector between the
centre and the surface, the expression for U is developed in series according to Z and
equation (i 3) is obtained by approximations. The numerical values used are those
of the Meteorological Gravity System.

Calculated local value of the acceleration of gra·vity at a point on the Earth's

smface
Equation (2), Table 3.8.2, gives the calculated local value of the accelera-
tion of gravity g as a function of station latitude and elevation taking the con-
figuration of the ground into account.
The first two terms on the right give the theoretical value of the acceleration
of gravity as a function of latitude and elevation; this is a simplified form of the
expression given by formula (i 3) above.
The third term is a correction for relief, incorporating the gravitational
forces exerted by the surrounding terrain.
Equation (3), Table 3.8.2, is the equivalent of formula (2) for marine
stations.

Calcu.lated local value of the acceleration of gravity in free aLr

The free-air term given by equation (4), Table 3.8.2, is made up of the terms
in Z and Z2 given in equation (i 3). When the free-air term is introduced into
equation (2), the symbol H in the last term then represents the elevation of the
point on the Earth's surface in the vertical from the point in question.

Observed values of the acceleration of gravity

Direct gravimetric measurements are not as a rule made in absolute values
but in relation to the values of the acceleration of gravity already determined at
neighbouring stations. It is important to know what gravity system was used
for this (generally the Potsdam system) and to convert the values if necessary
(subtract 0.013 cm sec-2 from the values of the Potsdam system to obtain the
equivalents in the Meteorological Gravity System).
The value of the acceleration of gravity measured at a given point generally
differs from the value calculated by the methods outlined in Table 3.8.2. In fact

1 HELMERT, F. R., Die mathematischen and physikalischen Theorien del' ho/wren

Geodiisie, Vo!. Il, p. 77 equ. (1), 1886.

1'.1966
INTRODUCTION 3.8 - 4 (
the Earth's surface is only imperfectly represented by an ellipsoid of revolution,
and the distribution of mass is not regular either on the surface or in the interior
r
of the Earth.
(
The grapity anomaly is the difference between the observed value of the
acceleration of gravity reduced to sea-level, and its theoretical value obtained by
I
equation (i 1) or (i 2). Various gravity anomalies are defined according to the
method of reduction used.
The Bouguer anomaly AB is defined by the equation:
(i 4)
where g is the observed acceleration of gravity in cm sec- 2 ;

grp, 0 the theoretical acceleration, in cm sec-2 , of gravity at sea-level for

the latitude rp of the given point;
H the elevation, in metres, of the point in question;
C an elevation-correction factor used in the calculation of the Bouguer
~nomaly (0.000 196 8 cm S_-2, if tl~e density of the Earth's crust
IS taken as 2.67 g cm-S) ; ") IW-' I
AB the Bouguer anomaly, in cm sec-2 • (

The Bouguer anomaly is a difference of acceleration of gravity and so is

independent of considerations of system provided the same system is used to
express g and grp, O' Geodetic associations have drawn up contour maps of
Bouguer anomalies for certain regions.
COMMENT: Comparison of equation (i 3) above with equation (2), Table 3.8.2,
shows that the acceleration of gravity is the same for a point at a given height, whether (
it be in the free air or on the Earth's surface, provided that the elevation of the sur-
rounding terrain be constant (H = H'). Yet the elevation-correction factor for the
calculation of the Bouguer anomaly (equation i 4) is different from the one for equa-
tion (2). In fact, the elevation-correction term CH for equation (i 4) is the sum: (
(a) of the variation in the acceleration of gravity III the free air
(-0.000 308 6 H cm sec-2 ) and
(b) of the acceleration provided by the gravitational forces exerted at the given point (
by the layer of the Earth's surface of thiclmess H: +0.000111 8 H cm sec-2 , i.e. .
-0.0001968 H cm sec-2 •
However, experience shows that the value of the acceleration of gravity calculated
with the elevation-correction for equation (2) is more representative of observed values.
This is because the layers of the Earth's crust between the given point and sea-level
are to a large extent compensated by lower-density layers at greater depth (isostatic
compensation) .
The factor 0.000 1118, representing the acceleration of gravity due to the gravita-
tional force of a homogeneous layer 1 m thick, enters into the terrain-conection term
in equation (2).

Standard (normal) gravity

It is sometimes necessary to adopt an arbitrary reference value for the
acceleration of gravity, as, for instance, in graduating the scales of mercury baro-
meters or fixing the conversion factors for millibars and normal millimetres of
mercury. A value of this kind cannot be related to the measured or theoretical
value of the acceleration of gravity in specified conditions, for example sea-level

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.8 - 5

at latitude 45 0 , because such values are likely to change as new experimental

data become available. Accordingly a conventional numerical value gn, known
as the standard acceleration of gravity, has to be fixed 'which will remain, by
definition, the reference value.
WMO has adopted the following value for the normal acceleration of gravity:
gn = 980.665 cm sec-2

This value agrees with that recommended by the International Committee

of Weights and Measures (1901, 1948).
Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 are reproduced from Appendices A and B of vVMO TR.
A conversion table of normal millimetres of mercury in millibars and tables of
the theoretical acceleration of gravity as a function of latitude and geometric height
are planned for the second set of HiT.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.9 - 1

Introduction to Table 3.9

ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE

A standard atmosphere is a hypothetical atmosphere in which the relations

between the geopotential, temperature and pressure are defined according to
basic assumptions, independently of the actual values observed. In 1952, in
order to achieve uniformity between the various atmospheres of this kind
already introduced, ICAO defined a standard atmosphere to an altitude of
20 km for civil aviation purposes (Annex 8 to the International Civil Aviation
Convention). A new definition extending to 32 km was adopted by the ICAO
Council on 12 November 1963, to take effect on 1 April 1964. Amendment 87
defines standard atmosphere in these terms:
"Standard atmosphere. "'.'\Then the term 'standard atmosphere' is used in any
standards of the airworthiness of aircraft that are applicable to aircraft the pro-
totype of which is submitted to the appropriate national authorities for certifica-
tion on and after 12 November 1966 it means an atmosphere defined as follows:

"(a) The air is a perfect dry gas;

"(b) The physical constants are:
Sea-level mean molecular weight:
Mo = 28.964 4 X 10-3 kg/mole
Sea-level atmospheric pressure:
Po = 1013.250 millibars
= 1.013 250 X 105 newtons m-2
Sea-level temperature:
to = 15°C (59°F)
To = 288.15°K (518.67°R)
Sea-level atmospheric density:
Po = 1.225 0 kg m-3
Temperature of the ice point:
Ti = 273.15°K (491.67°R)
Universal gas constant:
R* = 8.31432 joules (OI()-l mole-1

"(c) The temperature gradient from 5000 standard geopotential metres below
sea-level to an altitude at which the air temperature becomes -56.5°C is
-0.006 5°C per standard geopotential metre; from that level (11 000 stand-
ard geopotential metres) to an altitude of 20 000 standard geopotential
metres the temperature gradient is zero (0); and from 20 000 to 32 000
standard geopotential metres the temperature gradient is +
0.001 OOC per
standard geopotential metre.

V.1966
WTRODUCTION 3.9 - 2

"NOTE 2: The standard geopotential metre has the value 9.80665 m 2 sec-2 (the
'standard geopotential foot has the value 32.17405 ft 2 sec-2 )."
(
The values of the thermodynamic constants used in the definition of standard
atmosphere agree well with the values adopted by WMO (R* = 8.31432 joule
mol-I oK-I, M = 28.9644 X iQ-3 kg mol-I) and with the definition of the Celsius
scale of temperatures (toG = ToK - 273.15). Bl"lt tIre a~itiolT of :the st:lJlQll'I'd.
~~Q:tl;Hltilll ffietl'e-diHer5 flom thfit fiElopt.erily WMO (:u:e-Xa-J;J.e 1 i, se~,
Ii~:Iry.
The other physical values introduced in the definition of standard atmosphere
{pressure and temperature at sea-level, temperature gradient) were chosen arbi-
trarily in order to give a very stylized model of the atmosphere which would
agree most nearly with the average values observed in the middle latitudes.
However the standard atmosphere was introduced essentially for aviation (in
particular for the calibration of altimeters, calculation of D values, etc.) and
can in no case be regarded as representative of climatological averages.
The relations between pressure, temperature, density and geopotential are
shown by the following equations:
{a) Layers of the atmosphere where the temperature gradient IS constant:
L' = const.
T = Tb + L'h
G (
P ( Tb ) ,
Pb = Tb L'h+ RL'·

(b) Isothermal layers of the atmosphere: L' = 0

(

Gh
e- RT b .
,

and in both cases (a) and (b)

1 P
p=--
RT
where
P is the pressure and Pb the pressure at the base of the layer;
T the absolute temperature and Tb the absolute temperature at the base
of the layer; (
h the difference of geopotential between the given point and the base of
the layer, h = 11 - Hb, 11 being the geopotential of the given point and
Hb the geopotential at the base of the layer;

L ' the temperature gradient in relation to the geopotential

I {)T.
L = {)H'

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.9 - a:
p the density of the all' ;
R the gas constant for dry air;
G a coefficient depending on the unit of geopotential chosen (G = 9.80665·
if the geopotential is expressed in standard geopotential metres).

The ICAO standard atmosphere is divided into three layers for this calcu-
lation:
H T P L'
standard gpm oK mb °C/standard gpID:

I{
Layer with con- 0 288.15 1013.25
stant temperature -0.006 5
gradient 11 000 216.65 226.32
0
Isothermal layer
20000 216.65 54.7487
Layer 'with con- + 0.001
stant temperature
gradient 1 32000 228.65 8.68014

Standard atmosphere and altimetry

In meteorology the standard atmosphere concept is mainly connected with alti-
metry. Pressure-sensitive altimeters are really aneroid barometers with an altitude-
scale (geopotential level, see note 2) which has the same relation to the pressure scale·
as in the standard atmosphere; also the altimeter mechanism is designed so that the
altitude scale is linear.
As pressure is constant at any given level in the standard atmosphere, the pressure·
observed at sea-level or at a given station generally differs from the pressure postulated
for that level in the standard atmosphere. In order to overcome this difficulty, the·
standard atmosphere is fictitiously translated upward or downward until the standard
atmosphere pressure coincides with the observed pressure at the reference station. In
practice this is achieved by rotating the altimeter dial or mechanism until the altitude·
scale corresponds to the actual altitude for the reference level: hence the expression
"altimeter setting".
The following values are used in aeronautical meteorology:
(a) Pressure-altitude is the altitude corresponding to a given pressure in standard
atmosphere.
(b) The altimeter setting, or QNH, is the pressure corresponding to sea-level when.
the standard atmosphere is offset vertically until the pressure observed at a given
station (QFE) coincides with the same pressure in the standard atmosphere. An
altimeter set to QNH indicates the true altitude at the station in question.
If H* is the pressure-altitude of the QFE and H' the elevation of the station.
(in standard gpm), the QNH is the pressure corresponding to the altitude Ho*
in the standard atmosphere where:
Ho* = H*-H'
(c) The QNE is the pressure-altitude of the QFE. An altimeter set to 1 013.25 mp.
shows the QNE at the station in question.
Example: Take a station at a level of 423 standard gpm where the pressure
observed (QFE) is 943.5 mb. We find:
QNE = H* = 597 standard gpm, Ho* = 597 - 423 = 174 standard gpm and
QNH = 992.5 mb.

V.1966.
 INTRODUCTION 3.9 - 4

{d) The D-value is the amount (positive or negative) by which the altitude H. of a
point on an isobaric surface differs from the altitude (Hp) of the same isobaric
surface in the ICAO standard atmosphere (i.e. D-value = H - Hp). (
An altimeter set to the QNH would thus show the true geopotential altitude
(geopotentiallevel) if the distribution of the temperature observed in the layer between
the point in question and the reference station were the same as in the standard atmo-
sphere. As this is not generally the case, the following correction I1H must be added (
to the altitude H shown by the altimeter:

I1H = T mv - T ms (H - Ho)
T ms (
where Ho is the height of the reference station,
T mv the mean virtual temperature of the H - Ho layer, and
T ms the mean temperature of the H - Ho layer in the standal'd atmosphere,
(

Table 3.9.1 gives the values of temperature (in 0C), pressure (in mb) and
-density (in kg m-a) as a function of the geopotential or geopotential altitude (see
note 2). Table 3.9.2 gives the geopotential as a function of pressure. The data
in these two tables are taken from the U.S. Standard atmosphere, 1962, pre-
pared by the Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere (COESA)
on the basis of definitions 'which have been adopted by ICAO.
Linear interpolation is not practicable in Table 3.9.1 (except of course for
temperature) but is practicable in Table 3.9.2 for pressure values greater than
350 mb,
NOTE 1: ICAO Document 7488/2, published in 1965, g'ives the relation between (
the variables and contains tables showing the corresponding values of the temperature,
pressure, density and geopotential; it also gives the specific weights, viscosity, kinematic
viscosity and speed of sound at the various altitudes.
NOTE 2: In the ICAO standard atmosphere, a distinction is introduced between
geopotential (measured in standard gpm), which is a specific energy (see Table 1.1,
section 19), and geopotential altitude (measured in m) which is a length. For this latter,
the factor 9.806 65 has, by definition, the dimension of an acceleration. Therefore
geopotential altitude H is the altitude (expressed in m) which would correspond to (
a given pressure level if the acceleration of gravity were constant and equal to
9.806 65 m s~2. The numerical value of geopotential measured in standard gpm,
and of geopotential altitude measured in metres, is the same for a given level.
For relatively low altitudes, geometric altitudes and geopotential altitude are
often used interchangeably as the error involved is less than the instrument error.
NOTE 3: The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) includes the ICAO Standard
atmosphere to 32000 m' and a further extension to 50000 m'; this extension is made (
by introducing the following assumptions for the temperature gradient L':
L' = +0.0028°C m'-l from 32 000 m' to 47 000 m'
o from 47 000 m' to 50000 m'
(Reference: ISO/TC 20, Drafts International Standard IS9!E~~_2.~~~~~••• v.," v " v . . (

" .1966
 INTRODUCTION 3.10 - 1

Introduction to table 3.10

ALTIMETER SETTING (QNH) COMPUTATION FACTORS

Calculation of the Altimeter Setting (QNH) is based on the following

relationship (see Introduction 3.9, page 3, Standard atmosphere and altimetry) :
H; = H* -H' (1)
where
H* is the pressure-altitude corresponding to pressure measured at the
station in question,
H' is the geopotential of the station expressed in standard geopotential
metres (m') (geopotential altitude),
H; is the pressure-altitude corresponding to the altimeter setting.
The relationship between the pressure-altitude and the pressure in the ICAO
Standard Atmosphere is given in Table 3.9.
Although this method of calculation is relatively straightforward, in prac-
tice it is more convenient to use a linear relationship between QFE and QNH
where the coefficients depend only on the geopotential of the station; by this
method tables for any station can be drawn up rapidly, and if desired con-
version from QFE to QNH can be made by using revolution counters linked
by a simple gear system.
The following approximation can be used with negligible error for stations
below about 3 000 to 4 000 m :
QNH = A +B X QFE (2)
with

A = - P b L' H' and B

Tb
= ~
p (HI)
(1 + L' H')
Tb
1013.25 mb;
- 0.006 5 K m'-l ;
288.15 K.
H' is the geopotential of the station in m' and p (H') the pressure correspond-
ing to H' in the standard atmosphere; QFE and QNH are expressed in millibars.
The above relationship is derived as follows.
For conditions of constant lapse rate, but not isothermal (case (a) of
Introduction 3.9, page 2), the geopotential H' is given by the following equa-
tion as a function of the pressure p :

(3)

where R is the gas constant for dry air and G, a dimensionless coefficient having
a value of 9.806 65.

VII, 1973
INTRODUCTION 3.10 - 2
(

Replace H; and H* in equation (1) by their expressions in po (QNH) and

(
P (QFE) from equation (3) ; it is possible by setting y = :b and x = P
b
;: Po
to develope the series
(
_ P (H') _ P (H') 1 R
y - P x P £' + I
b b 1 + -H'
Tb (
where RI is the remainder of the series.
Replacing x and y by their actual values gIVes the following expression
for po: (
Po = - Pb ~~ H' + p p ~;') (1 + ~~ H') - p ~~') (1 + ~~ HI) RI. (4)
(
The first two terms on the right hand side correspond to the value of po given
in equation (2), whereas the last term represents the error due to using only
the first two terms of the series. (
The maximum error is given in the following table as a function of the
geopotential of the station, H', when the difference between the QNH and the
standard pressure P b is ± 30 mb and ± 40 mb :
(
H' Maximum error
m' for po = 1 013.25 ± 30 mb for po = 1 013.25 ± 40 mb
mb mb (
1000 ±0.009 ±0.015
2000 ±0.019 ±0.033
3000 ±0.03 ±0.052
4000 ±0.04 ±0.07
(
5000 ±0.05 ±0.08
Table 3.10 gives the coefficients A and B as a function of the geopotential (
level H' of the station in question. Linear interpolation is practicable throughout
the table.

Use of the table (

Calculate first the geopotential, in m', of the station as a function of its geo-
metric altitude by means of Table 3.1 taking into account the Note on geo-
potential units, page IX; for low altitudes (below 1 000 metres) and where (
great precision is not required both can be considered identical. Then select
the values of coefficients A and B in Table 3.10 and enter them in equation (2).
For example if the elevation of the station is 2583 m and its latitude 20°, (
Table 3.1.2 gives by interpolation a geopotential of 2 578 gpm, which, converted

to Ill', gives 2578 X 9.8~: 65 = 2576 m'.

(
Table 3.10 gives for H = 2 576 m' :
A = 58.88 B = 1.29018.

VII.1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.10 - 3

Equation (2) then becomes

QNH = 58.88 + 1.290 18 X QFE
which for QFE of 721.4 mb gives QNH = 989.6 mb.
Table 3.10 was prepared in the WMO Secretariat.

NOTE: This method is taken from an unpublished manuscript by S. Letestu,

Pression barometrique et altimetrie, a copy of which in kept is the "VMO Secretariat.

VIL1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.lI - 1

Introduction to Table 3.Il

CORRECTION TO ALTIMETER READING

AS A FUNCTION OF THE MEAN VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE
OF THE LAYER OF AIR

The principle of operation of the altimeter and of the system by which it

can be adjusted to correspond to a reference station (altimeter setting) is
described in Introduction 3.9, pages 3 and 4. However the geopotential
altitude indicated by an altimeter after setting must be corrected to account
for the difference between the actual observed temperatures and those stated
for the standard atmosphere. These corrections may be determined from
Table 3.11.
Letting Po represent the pressure reduced to mean sea level (altimeter
setting or QNH), P the pressure observed at the station (QFE) and PI the pres-
sure at the level of the altimeter; then I-J;, H* and I-Jr are the corresponding
pressure-altitudes. If 1 is the geopotential altitude indicated by the altimeter
set to QNH and I-JI the geopotential altitude of the reference station, then the
following relationship can be stated:

1- I-JI = I-Ji - I-J* = Re T mB (H*, Hr) In E.-

PI

where R is the gas constant for dry air, e = 9.80665 and T me (I-J*, I-J*), the
mean temperature of the layer between I-J* and I-J* in the stand d atmosphere.
The true geopotential altitude l' of the pressure level PI corresponding to
level of the altimeter is given by the expression:

1I -I-JI =R
-T IP
mv n -
e PI

where T mv is the observed mean virtual temperature of the layer between the
levels I-JI and l' (or pressure levels P and PI)'
The correction L1 to add to the altimeter reading 1 is :

L1 = l' _ 1 = (1 _ I-JI) T mv - T ms (I-J*, m)

T mB (I-J*, I-J~)

This equation is gIven III Introduction 3.9, page 4, with a slightly different
notation.
By defining T mB (I-J*) as the mean temperature of the layer between 0
and I-J* in the standard atmosphere, the following equations can be written:

I-J~ - I-J*
T ms (I-J*, I-J~) = --=:>*--=-------:;:=-- (1)
I-JI I-J*
T ms (I-J~) T mB (I-J*)

VII.1973
INTRODUCTION S.Il - 2
(
and
(
L1 = (T H~
ms (H~) -
H*)
TillS (H*) !J.T
(2)

where !J.T = T mv - T ms (H*, Hr). (

Equations (1) and (2) are valid for all levels because only equations derived
from the hydrostatic equation (see Introduction 3.2/3/4, p. 1) have been used (
and not those particular hypotheses on the temperature distribution in the
standard atmosphere.
If only those layers having a constant, but not zero, lapse rate are con- (
sidered, equation (1) can be written as :

T (H* H*) = T (H*) - T (H~) (1')

ms ,1 T (H*) (
In T (H~)

where T (H*) and T (Hr) are the temperatures at the levels H* and Hr, (
respectively.
The mean temperature in this case depends only on the temperatures at
the bottom and top of the layer. (

NOTE: Although T mv represents the mean virtual temperature of the layer between
the level of the reference station and that of the altimeter, T ms represents the mean
temperature, in the standard atmosphere, between the levels H* and Hr corresponding
to pressures p and Pl.. It is possible in practice to confuse I and Hr as well as H' and H*
(
in calculating LI, this leading to an error in TillS usually not greater than one degree.

Table 3.11.1 gives the mean temperature T ms (H*, Hr), in K, of different (

layers of air in the standard atmosphere as a function of H* and Hr
expressed
in m', and also as a function of the temperature in oC of the bottom and top
of the layer. Linear interpolation is practicable. (
Table 3.11.2 gives the magnitude of T illS~~*) X !J.T as a function of H*
expressed in m' and !J.T in °C. Linear interpolation is practicable. (
Use of the tables
When an approximation will suffice for practical purposes it is possible (
to use the geopotential altitude indicated by the altimeter and the geopotential
altitude of the reference station. vVhen greater precision is required however
it is necessary to determine the pressure heights Hr
and H* corresponding to (
the observed pressures at the levels of the altimeter and the reference station.
These may be obtained respectively by subtracting from the altimeter reading
and the level of the reference station the pressure-altitude corresponding to (
the QNH (see Table 3.9.2). The mean virtual temperature T mv of the layer
being considered must then be determined using, for example, data from
upper air soundings.

VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.11 - 3

The correction L1 is calculated in the following manner:

1. In Table 3.11.1 find the mean temperature T ms corresponding to the
geopotential altitude H' of the reference station and the geopotential altitude I
indicated by the altimeter, or the pressure-altitudes H* and H*.
2. Calculate the difference D..T = T mv - T ms'
H*
3. In Table 3.11.2 find the value of T ms (H*) X D..T correspo~~ing to the
appropriate values of H* (or H') and D..T; and the value of (H*) X D..T
Tms 1
for the appropriate values of Hr(or I) and D..T.
The correction L1 is obtained by substracting the first quantity from the
second. Note that the correction L1 has the same sign as D..T.
Example: Let S 475 m' be the geopotential altitude I read on the alti-
meter, 1534 m' the geopotential altitude H' of the reference station, 1024 mb
the QNH and -14.4°C the mean virtual temperature of the layer (Tmv =
= 25S.S K). The pressure-altitude corresponding to 1024 mb is -S9 m',
therefore the pressure-altitudes are H* = 1 534 +
S9 = 1 623 m' and = Hr
= S 475 + S9 = S 564 m'.
Using these values of H* and Hr
in Table 3.11.1 yields T ms = 254.4 K
(-1S.S°C) then D..T = 4.4°C ; Table 3.11.2 gives a value of 25 m' for H* =
= 1 623 m' and a value of 146 m' for Hr
= S 564 m'.
The correction to be applied to the altimeter reading then is L1 = 146-
-25 = 121 m'.
If I and H' are used directly instead of H* and Hr
then Table 3.11.1
gives T ms = 255.0 K (-1S.2°C) from which can be determined D..T = 3.SoC.
Then, using Table 3. 11. 2, L1 = 124 - 20 = 104 m'.

NOTE: It frequently happens that the mean virtual temperature of the layer is
not known but only the temperature (virtual) at the reference station and at the level
of the altimeter. If the latter is below 11 000 m' and if it is assumed that the vertical
temperature gradient is constant (but not zero) in the layer being considered, then
Table 3.11.1 can be used to calculate the mean temperature using the values of
temperature at the bottom and top of the layer. In effect, if only these values of
temperature are used, this table applies to all of the atmosphere in which the lapse
rate is constant but not zero according to equation (1').
For example, if the temperature at the reference station is 12°C and at the level
of the altimeter -18°C, the mean (virtual) temperature is 2.5°C.
Tables 3.11.1 and 3.11.2 have been prepared according to the ICAO standard
atmosphere which is described in the Introduction to 3.9. They have been calculated
by la Meteorologie Nationale de France on a computer CDC 6400; the programme
written in Fortran language is kept by la Meteorologie Nationale.

VII, 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.12 - 1

Introduction to Table 3.12

REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO A SELECTED LEVEL *

The reduction of pressure to a selected geopotential level consists of calcu-

lating the pressure at that level, knowing the pressure and the geopotential
at another level as well as the mean virtual temperature of the layer of air
between the two levels.
Let PI be the pressure measured at geopotential level cPI' P2 the pressure
to be determined at geopotentiallevel cP2 and tmv the mean virtual temperature,
in °C, of the layer between these two levels.
The geopotential difference between the two levels, tJ.cP = cP2 - cPI' is
given by equation (3) in Introduction 3.2/3/4 :

tJ. cP = 67.445 (273.15 + tmv ) log PI gpm. (1)

P2
When tmv = OOC, equation (1) reduces to :
tJ. cPo = 67.445 X 273.15 log PI, (2)
P2
Thus, if P designates an arbitrary pressure, then

67.445 X 273.15 log P = 674.45 X 273.15 log P + tJ. cPo. (3)

P2 PI

and finally, from equations (1) and (2) :

273.15
tJ. cPo = tJ. cP 273.15 + tmv (4)

1100
Table 3.12.1 gIves the values of the expressIOn 67.445 X 273.15 log - -
P
as a function of the pressure P, in mb, the pressure P being fixed arbitrarily
at 1100 mb. Linear interpolation is practicable where pressure P is greater
than 140 mb.
Table 3.12.2 gives tJ. cPo, in gpm, as a function of tJ. cP, in gpm, and tmv ,
in °C. Linear interpolation is practicable throughout the table.

Use of the tables

Knowing the pressure PI at the geopotential level cPI' determine the pres-
sure P2 at geopotential level cP2 when the mean virtual temperature of the
layer is tmv.

* NOTE: The geopotential metre (gpm) has been used in this Table for the sake
of consistency with Tables 2.3.1,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6 and 3.7 of the former sets.
For conversion to standard geopotential metres (m'), see Note on geopotential units,
page IX.

VII.1973
INTRODUCTION 3.12 - 2 (
First determine from Table 3 .12.2 the value of !'1ifJo corresponding to !'11/J =
ifJ 2 - ifJI and tmv (!'1ifJo and !'1ifJ have the same sign) and, from Table 3.12.1, (
. 1100
the value of the expreSSIOn 67.445 X 273.15 log - - . Then use these two values
in equation (3) which gives the value of the expr~sIsion 67.445 X 273.15 log 1100; (
P2
P2 is the argument corresponding to the value 67.445 X 273.15 log 1100 in
P2
Table 3.12.1. (
For example if ifJI = 1 345 gpm, ifJ 2 = 1 800 gpm, PI = 873.2 mb and
t mv = 7.3 0 C, Table 3.12.2 gives, by interpolation, !'1ifJo = 443.2 for !'1ifJ =
= 455 gpm and tmv = 7.3 0 C; Table 3.12.1 gives, by interpolation, 67.445 X (
1100
X 273.15 log - - = 1847.4 for P = 873.2 mb. Then equation (3) gives
P 1100
67.445 X 273.15Iog-- = 1847.4 + 443.2 = 2290.6 and Table 3.12.1 is (
P2
used to get P2 = 826.1 mb by inverse interpolation.

(
Special case - Reduction of pressure to mean sea level
In this case ifJ 2 = 0, and ifJI = -!'1ifJ is the geopotential of the station
being considered (obtained by converting the geometric elevation of the sta- (
tion using Table 3.1). The mean virtual temperature tmv is that of the imaginary
layer of air extending from the level of the station down to the mean sea level;
it can only be determined by reference to the hypothetical distribution of
temperature and humidity in tIlls layer. The methods presently used are
(
described in Technical Note No. 91, Methods in use for the reduction of atmospheric
pressure (WMO - No. 226. TP. 120).
(
Determination of height by means of pressure
Table 3.12.1 can be used together with Table 3.4.3 to determine the geo-
(
potential difference between two levels of known pressure, PI and P2' For this,
1100
find in Table 3.12.1 the values of the expression 67.445 X 273.15 Io g - - (
P
for pressures PI and P2, then calculate !'1ifJo referring to equation (3) and
finally Table 3.4.3 gives the correction !'1ifJt to apply to !'1ifJo, as a function of
!'1ifJo and the mean virtual temperature tmv, in QC, of the layer between the (
two levels being considered.
For example, if PI = 953.6 mb, P2 = 815.3 mb and t mv = 14.6°C,
1100
Table 3.12.1 gives the expression 67.445x273.15log--=1142.7 for (
P
PI = 953.6 mb and 2 396.3 for P2 = 815.3 mb. Equation (3) gives 2 396.3 =
= 1142.7 + !'1ifJo from which !'1ifJo = 1253.6 gpm. Finally Table 3.4.3 gives
(
!'1ifJt = 66 gpm for !'1ifJo = 1253.6 gpm and tmv = 14.6°C, from which
!'1ifJ = 1254 + 66 = 1320 gpm. The geopotential levels thus determined can
be converted into altitudes using Table 3.1.3.

VII.I973
 INTRODUCTION 3.12 - 3

This method of determination of heights can be utilized in place of the

method described in Introduction 3.2/3/4 when the mean virtual temperature
is given for the whole layer.

NOTE: When the mean virtual temperature of the layer is not known, but only the
virtual temperature at the base and top of the layer, the mean virtual temperature can
be estimated b-.r assuming a uniform gradient and applying the method described in
the Introduction to Table 3.11, page 3.

Tables 3.12.1 and 3.12.2 are reproductions of SMT 48 Band 48 D. SMT 48 B

gives the values of the expression 67.442 X 273.16 log 1100 which is slightly different
p
from that described above, however the differences between the values of these expres-
sions is less than 0.1 gpm when p is greater than 100 mb.
SMT 48 D gives h..!Po = h.. !P 273~17:.~6 tmv in place of the value of h..!Po given
in equation (4) ; the resulting difference in h.. !Po is not more than 0.1 gpm for the values
given in the table.

VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.13 - 1

Introduction to Table 3.13

CORRECTION AND REDUCTION

OF MERCURY BAROMETER READING

In order to conform to the International Barometer Conventions

(Table 3.8.1, section 4) the scales of mercury barometers must be graduated
in a manner to give exact readings, in units of pressure (mb or (mm Hg)n),
under normal instrument conditions; that is at a temperature of O°C and normal
acceleration of gravity gn = 980.665 cm S-2. It should be noted that scales
graduated in (mm Hg)n have an exact graduation in mm on adjustable cistern
barometers whereas scales on fixed cistern barometers are reduced linearly.
The exact reading means that the instrument is designed so that the value
of the element being measured is read directly in the case of an ideal instru-
ment. In practice measurements are affected by instrumental errors and cor-
rections appropriate to each instrument must be applied to the readings.
Since readings are usually made under conditions which differ from normal
temperature and normal acceleration of gravity, it is necessary to reduce the
barometer reading p*, corrected for instrument error, to normal temperature O°C
and normal acceleration of gravity to obtain the correct value p of the pressure.
One of the two following formulae apply according to the type of barometer:

A. Adjustable cistern barometers (Fm·tin barometer, movable scale barometers)

and siphon barometers:
p = (1 + c) (1 - f) p* (1)

where

f= (0: - 13) t ,
1 + 0: t
g is local acceleration of gravity, in cm s-2,
gn 980.665 cm S-2, normal acceleration of gravity,
0: 0.000 181 8°C-1, coefficient of volumetric expansion of Hg,
13 0.000 018 4°C-1, coefficient of linear expansion of the scale
(brass scale),
t, the temperature of the instrument as read from the attached
thermometer, in °C.

B. Fixed cistern barometer

p = (1 + c) [p* - f (p* + Q)] . (2)
Q is a factor dependant on the design of the instrument and its value is
generally indicated by the manufacturer for each type of barometer, ordinarily
comprised between 30 and 50 mb (generally 47 mb for modern, Kew pattern

VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.13 - 2
(

station barometers). Q can also be calculated using one of the two following
equations: (
31
Vo
Q = 10-4 po gn A DC -
DC - f3 1 = 1.24 V o if pressure is expressed in mb,
A (
Vo
Q= A DC -
DC _ f3 I'f pressure IS
31'/ . expresse d'In (mm H g)n,

where Po 13.5951 g cm-3 is the standard density of mercury at O°C,

(
1'/ 0.000 OiOOC-\ a coefficient of linear expansion representing the
expansion of the cistern and tube,
VD, the total volume, in mm3 , of mercury m the instrument at a
temperature of OCC, and
A, the effective surface of the cistern, in mm2 •
Note that the product - IQ represents the displacement of the zero of the
scale as a consequence of the variation of the total volume of mercury with
temperature. (

Corretions for reduction of barometer readings to normal conditions

(
Two corrections are necessary to reduce barometer readings to normal
conditions: one for temperature and one for gravity. For adjustable cistern
barometers it does not matter which is applied first, however, for fixed cistern (
barometers the correction for temperature must always be made first. Only
corrections for the fixed cistern barometer will be considered in the remainder
of this section since corrections for the adjustable cistern barometer is a special
case of the foregoing where Q = O.
Equation (2) can be written

p = p* + Ct + Cg (
- I (p* + Q) is the correction for temperature; and
c (p* + Ct) is the correction for gravity.
(
1. Correction for temperature
Table 3.13.1 gives the value of Ct as a function of the temperature of the (
instrument, in QC, and the term (p* +
Q), Ct being expressed in the same units
of pressure as the term (p* +
Q), mb or (mm Hg)n. The table can be used with
negative as well as positive values of temperature, however care should be taken (
to ensure that the sign of the correction Ct is opposite to that of the temperature.
Linear interpolation is practicable.

NOTE: Table 3.13.1 has been prepared for positive values of t using the equation: (
et = (oc - fi) t (p* + Q) .
1 + oc t
(
VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.13 - 3

Here the term in the denominator is very close to unity so that this expression can be
used for negative values of t by changing the sign of Ct. More precisely, however, the
value of C t for a negative value of temperature (designated by -t) is described by the
following expression:
1 I IX t
Ct = - f (-t) X (p* + Q) = + + +
f (t) X (p* Q) -T1 """ f (t) X (p* Q) X (1 2 IX t).
- IXt
+
Thus the correction for a negative value of temperature, -t, is equal to the correction
(positive) given in the table plus the term 2IX t C t which, for p* +
Q = 1 000, has the
following values ;
0.01 at t = -10°C;
0.02 at t = -20°C;
0.05 at t = -30°C.

2. Correction for gravity

The correction Cg varies relatively little with pressure when the value of g is
close to gn; the term p* + Ct can thus be replaced by the mean climatological
value of pressure pn so that
Cg = C Pn;
thus, if the range of pressure with respect to the mean value is not greater
than ±30 mb, the error introduced by this approximation is not larger than
±0.05 mb when g lies between 979.035 and 982.295 cm S-2.
The value of the local acceleration of gravity shall be on the meteorological
gravity system following the provisions of Table 3.8.1, section 5. If necessary
the methods outlined in Table 3.8.2 may be used as ~well as Table 6.3.

Reduction of pressure to the official station elevation

It is necessary, in certain cases, to reduce the pressure to the official station
elevation before reducing it to the conventional level (generally mean sea level).
Thus, if H z represents the elevation, in m, of the barometer and H s, the official
elevation, in m, of the station, the pressure Ps, in mb, at the official elevation
of the station is given by the following equation;

Hz-Hs A
ps = P+ 10 (UP)lO gpm,

where p is the observed pressure in mb, and (!i.P)lOgpmis the increase of pressure
(in mb) corresponding to a decrease of geopotential of 10 gpm. (!i.p lIo gpm can
be found in Table 3.7 by taking respectively as values of pressure and temper-
ature the mean pressure and the mean temperature of the layer H z - H s •
In this case the difference between values expressed in gpm and those expressed
in m is negligible and can be disregarded.
When the difference H z - H s is small, as is generally the case (from 10 to
15 m), the mean pressure of the layer can be replaced by mean pressure of the
station and the mean temperature of the layer by the temperature observed
at the station (screen temperature). This latter should be replaced by the cli-
matological temperature only after careful consideration as for instance in

VII. 1973
INTRODUCTION 3.13 - 40
(
cases 'where the difference in levels is only a few metres or where the temperature
variation is small. (
When the difference in levels is large, it is necessary to use the method
outlined in Introduction 3.12.
(
Capillary depression of a mercury column
The free surface of a column of mercury in a tube is a convex surface, termed (
the meniscus, the top of which is lower than the plane surface which would
limit the column in the absence of capillarity or in a tube of infinitely large
diameter; the difference in height is termed the capillary depression. (
The angle of contact ,) of the free surface of mercury with the wall of the
tube is determined by the surface tension (J of the mercury in the presence
of a gas, the interfacial tension (Jl of the mercury with the surface of the tube
and the interfacial tension (J2 of the gas with the surface of the tube so that
(

(
If pc is the supplementary pressure introduced by the capillary effect,

4
Pc = 15 (J cos ,) (
where D is the inner diameter of the tube.
However, the angle,) is difficult to estimate and it is preferable to calculate (
the capillary depression as a function of the height of the meniscus, which is
defined as the vertical distance between the uppermost part of the meniscus
and the plane containing the circle of contact of the free surface of mercury
with the tube. This is determined by integration of the following equation over
(
the surface of the meniscus :

where RI and R 2 are the principal radii of curvature of the surface and pt the
difference in pressure between the two sides of the surface of the meniscus.
(
Table 3.13.2 gives the capillary depression, in mm, as a function of the
inner diameter of the tube, in mm, and of the height of the meniscus, in mm,
for three values of the surface tension of mercury, 400, 450 and 500 dyn cm-I.
The table has been calculated for a temperature of 20°C, for normal acceleration
of gravity and assuming that the surface of the mercury is exposed to a vacuum.
Linear interpolation is practicable. (
The value of the surface tension of mercury exposed to a vacuum depends,
to a large extent, on the purity of the mercury; that is at 200C, 500 dyn cm-1
for very pure mercury, and 400 dyn cm-1 for that which is slightly contaminated.
A value of 450-475 dyn cm-1 is general for a barometer at room temperature.
(
The surface tension of mercury in the presence of air is of the order of 430 dyn cm-1
at 18°C.
(
VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 3.13 - 5

The capillary effect is found also in the barometer cistern. In this case it
is necessary to consider not only the inner wall of the cistern but also the outer
surface of the lmver end of the tuhe which projects into the cistern. The pressure
of capillarity Pc will then be, assuming that 0 has the same value on both
surfaces,
4 (J cos 0
Pc = D1 - d'

where D1 is the inner diameter of the cistern and d is the outer diameter of the
tube.
It can be seen that the effect of capillarity is much weaker in the cistern
than in the tube, the inner diameter of the cistern being some six times larger
than the inner diameter of the tube.
It should be noted that Table 3.13.2 applies strictly only to the column
of mercury in a barometer but it can also be used for the column of mercury
in a manometer or in the open part of a siphon barometer. It cannot however
be applied to the mercury surface in a barometer cistern.

Correction for capillarity

The capillary effect is normally considered in the calibration of most baro-
meters. If such has not been done, an appropriate correction can be determined
from the table using values of the measured height of the meniscus and the
known inner diameter of the tube. The capillary depression so determined is
expressed in mm and can be added directly to the pressure if it is expressed
in (mm Hg)n; if the pressure is expressed in mb it is necessary to convert the
capillary depression before adding it to the pressure.
In cases where the capillary effect was considered in the original calibration
of the barometer but the height of the meniscus has altered in the course of
time (through the inevitable contamination of the mercury surface) it is possible
instead of making a new calibration, to calculate the correction for capillarity
corresponding to the height of the meniscus at the time of calibration and that
corresponding to the present height of the meniscus and apply the difference
hetween the two as a new correction.

Table 3 .13.1 is a reproduction of Table 5 .2.2 published in the Manual of Barometry,

WEAN, Vo!' I, Washington D.e., 1963.
Table 3.13.2 is a reproduction of the table established by F.A. Gould, M.A. and
T. Vickers, il'LA.*.

* F.A. GOULD, M.A. and T. VICKERS, M.A., Capillary depression in mercury

barometers and manometers. Journal of Scientific Instruments, 29, pp. 85-87, 1952.

V11.1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.4 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.4

PROPERTIES OF WATER VAPOUR

Table 4.4 describes the behaviour of water vapour in general. For this
purpose it gives the values of the cqllI;W.1Wssibility factor and expressions for use
in the calculation of specific heat~t-cOhstant pressure, specific enthalpy and
specific entropy.
The expression of density Pv of water vapour can be written in general as
follows:
e
pv = CvRwT (1)
where e is the water vapour pressure;
T the absolute temperature in oK ;
Rw the gas constant for 1 kg of water vapour = 461.51 J kg-1 °K-l (if
Pv is to be expressed in kg m-3 , e in mb, T in oK, the value 4.615 1
must be taken for R w );
Cv the compressibility factor, a function of the pressure e and the
temperature T,
The specific heat~~~tantpressure cpv , the specific enthalpy hv and the
specific entropy Sv are found by the following equations, when enthalpy and
entropy are assigned the value zero for saturated liquid at a temperature of OOC :

cpv = 4Rw + I1cpv (2)

hv = 4R w
rLt + Lv(O)]
4R + I1hv (3)
w

sv = 4Rw { In T - 4"1 In e -
rLln To - Lv(O) }
4:1 In ew(O) ] + 4R To + I1sv (4)
w
where t is the temperature in °C and To the normal ice point;
ew(O) the saturation vapour pressure over water at OOC ;
Lv(O) the latent heat of vaporization of water at OOC, and
I1cpv , I1h v and I1s v are smaller terms, functi~~ttemperature and pres-
sure, respectively called specific heat at eOll~tant pressure residual,
specific enthalpy residual and specific entropy residual.
As R w = 461.51 J kg-1 oK-I, ew(O) = 6.1070 mb and Lv(O) = 2.50084 X 10 6
J kg-I, equations (2), (3) and (4) become, if e is expressed in mb and t in °C :
cpv = 1 846.0 + I1cpv J kg- 1 °K-1
hv = 1 846.0 (t + 1354.71) + I1hv J kg-1
1
Sv = 1 846.0 (In T - 4: In e - 0.1981) + I1sv W)
V.1966
INTRODUCTION 4.4 - 2 (

Table 4.4 gives the values of Cv, !J..cpv , !J..ll-v and !J..sv as a function of tem-
perature, for selected values of pressure, in particular saturation vapour pressure (
over ice ei and saturation vapour pressure over water ew , both calculated by
means of the Gofl'-Gratch formulae. Linear interpolation is practicable over the
whole of the table except for !J..c1,v at temperatures over 20 oC.
The table shows that Cv remains very near to unity and that !J..cpv , !J..hv and (
!J..sv are small in relation to the first term on the right-hand side of equations (2'),
(3') and (4'), so that it is generally possible for practical purposes to take Cv as
unity and to ignore !J..cpv , !J..hv, !J..s v .

~
e -~alues of the compressibility factor and the above expressions of specific
heat a co~~tant pressure, specific enthalpy and specific entropy are derived as follows
from t e Gofl'-Gratch formulation of the thermodynamic properties of water vapour:
Let g be the specific free enthalpy (or Gibbs' thermodynamic potential) g = h-sT.
The above-mentioned functions can then be deduced from g :

hv = () ~:g) where T = 11T, (5)

()g
sV=-JT' (6)
(
v = ~: where v is the specific volume
1
p
(7)

And also: (
()h v
Cpv = ()T ' (8)

(9)

The free enthalpy of water vapour at sufficiently low pressure and not too low
temperature can be expressed by:

(10)

gO(T) is a function of temperature only, called "zero-pressure" reduced free

enthalpy (reduced free enthalpy is defined as g - RwT In e). gO(T) is directly calculable
from the spectroscopic constants of the molecular species and can be written:

1
gOIRwT = 4ln T + q>{T) (11)

where q>(T) is small by comparison with 4 In ~.

A vv and A vvv are functions of temperature only, known as second and third virial
coefficients.
By transferring the value of gO from equation (11) to equation (10) and difl'er-
entiating according to equations (5) and (6), we obtain the values of h v and Sv given
in equations (3) and (4), always provided we take into account that the expressions
for h v and Sv contain an arbitrary constant and that their zero values are arbitrarily
assigned at OnC for saturated liquid. Another difl'erentiation, according to equation (8),
gives the value of Cpv in equation (2). The residuals b.hv, b.sv , b.epv contain the func-
tions q>(T), Avv(T) as well as their derivatives.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 4.4 - 3

Differentiation of (10) with respect to e and multiplication by e gives the well-

known expression of the virial :
e" = RwT - eAvv(T) - e2A vvv(T) - ... ,

from which, by equation (9), we can deduce:

_ A vv 2 A vvv
Cv - 1 - e RwT - e RwT - ...

The ideal gas hypothesis

According to the equation of state for ideal gas, density is given by :

pv (ideal) = R:r'
The compressibility factor may be interpreted as the factor by which the
density, calculated for an ideal gas, must be divided to obtain the density in
general:
1 (.
pv = Cv pv Ideal).

On the otherj-Ijt!!d, if it is assumed that water vapour is an ideal gas of which

the specific heatet'(tC4nstant pressure is equal to 4R w , it will be seen that the
first term of 1ib,l,;:t;jght-hand side of equations (2), (3) and (4) is respectively the
specific heat~rroJ;staI~~,w~sure,the specific enthalpy, and the specific entropy.
Thus the specific heatar~~gnstant pressure residual I!..cpv , the specific enthalpy
residual I!..hv and the specific entropy residuall!..sv, may be regawedt-Jis the cor-
rection which must be added, respectively, to the specific heat~t~nhant pres-
sure, specific enthalpy, and specific entropy calculated for water vapour as an
ideal gas, to take into account the deviation from the perfect gas laws.

cpv = Cpv (ideal) + I!..cpv

hv = hv (ideal)+ I!..hv
Sv = Sv (ideal) + I!..sv.

SMT 91 was drawn up from data prepared by J. A. Goff and S. Gratch. As no

further experimental data are available, values from SMT91 have been used in Table4.4,
the only change being in the system of units for /::"cpv, /::,.hv and /::,.sv. It should be borne
in mind that as a result of the adoption of (1) a new value for R w and a new temperature
scale DC, and (2) new Goff-Gratch formulae for Cj and Cw (Resolution 19 (eg-IV)), the
values of Cv, /::"cpv, /::"hv , /::,.sv have been slightly modified. However, computation shows
that errors due to these changes fall within experimental tolerances and are too small
to affect the values in the table.
NOTE 1: The factor 4.186 84 was chosen for the conversion of IT calories into
joules because it was the conversion factor in use when the tables were drawn up,
according to SMT i-I( (see also the Introduction to Table 1.1, section 5). Table 4.4
gives the converted values of the IT calories in joules to the same number of decimal
places as the original table; there is therefore an uncertainty of ±2 in the last decimal
place.
NOTE 2: The ew values for supercooled water (from -50 DC to ODG) given in the
table have been calculated by extrapolation of the Goff-Gratch formula (see the note
to Introduction 4.6/7).

V.1966
INTRODUCTION 4.4 ----: 4 (
REFERENCES
GOFF, J. A., Final Report of the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint Com- (
mittee on Psychrometric Data. ASME Trans., 71, 1949.
GOFF, J. A., and GRATCR, S., Thermodynamic properties of moist ail', ASHVE Trans.,
51, pp. 121-128, 1945. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, ASHVE Journ.
sec., 17, pp. 334-348, 1945.
GOFlf, J. A., and GRATCR, S., Low-pressure properties of water from -160 to 212°F.
ASHVE Trans., 52, pp. 95-129, 1946.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 4.5 - 1

Introduction to Tahle 4.5

PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED WATER

The first part of the table sets out values of the specific heat ~~~stant
pressure Cj and Cw of solid (ice) and liquid water respectively. In order to obtain
the values of Cw below ooe it was necessary to extrapolate the Goff-Gratch
formula for ew(T) and the Smith-Keyes liquid volume data 1. Only the former
extrapolation contributes appreciable uncertainty to the results, but the justifi-
cation for relying upon it pending further research has been discussed else-
where 2.
The first part of the table also lists values of the latent heat of vaporization.
fusion and sublimation as calculated from the Goff-Gratch formulation. Values
for super-cooled liquid are consistent with, and therefore subject to, the same
extrapolation uncertainties as the values of cw.
The second part of the table gives values of the density of pure water under
a pressure of one atmosphere (1 013.25 mb) which have been taken from Dorsey's
compilation 3 based on the results of various investigations. As the presence of
dissolved air decreases the density of water, the table also lists the differences in
density reported by Marek 4 between water which has been freed of air by
exhaustion just prior to the measurement and water at the same temperature
which has been exposed to air for intervals of one to three days.
The first Table 4.5 is taken from SMT 92 with the values in IT calories
converted into joules 6. The second Table is from SMT 118. Both SMT 92 and
SMT 118 are still valid because, so far as can be ascertained, no more recent
experimental data are available.
Linear interpolation is practicable:
for Ci and L s throughout the table;
for except for temperatures between 0 and 20 0 e ;
Cw

for Lv except for temperatures below -20 oe; and

for density throughout the table.

1 SMITH, L. B., and KEYES, F. G., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 69, pp. 285-31 l.,
1934.
2 GOFF, J. A., Final Report of the Working Subcommittee of the International
Joint Committee on Psychrometric Data. ASME Trans., 71, 1949.
B DORSEY, N. E., Properties of ordinary water substance, pp. 199-201, Reinhold
Publ. Corp., New York, 1940.
4 MAREK, W. J., Ann. d. Physik (Wied.), 44, pp. 171-172, 1891.

5 See Introduction 4.4, note 1.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 4.6/7 - 1

Introduction ~ to Tables 4.6 and 4.7

SATURATION VAPOUR PRESSURE OVER A PLANE SURFACE
OF PURE WATER (Table 4.6)
SATURATION VAPOUR PRESSURE OVER A PLANE SURFACE
OF ICE (Table 4.7)

Both these tables of saturation vapour pressure of water vapour in the pure
phase have been computed using the new Goff-Gratch formulae adopted by
Resolution 19(Cg-IV) (see W1\W TR, Appendix C, section 13).

Saturation vapour pressure

(a) Over water (ew), OOC to lOooC
log ew = + 10.79574 (1- TIlT) - 5.028 00 log (TIT 1)
+ 1.50475 X 10- [1_10-8.2969
4 (T/T,-l)]

+ 0.428 73 X 10- [10 769

3 4. 11 55(l-T,/TL

+ 0.78614
where
T1 = 273.16 oK (the triple point of water) ;
ew is expressed in millibars and T in oK.
NOTE: The above formula is based on data which have been experiIllentally
confirmed only in the range 0° to 1000C, but the same formula can be used for satura-
tion vapour pressure over super-cooled water in the range -50° to ODC with, so far
as is known, insignificant error.

{b) Over iee (ei), O°C to -100°C

log ei = - 9.096 85 er.;. - 1) - 3.566 54 log (i)

+ 0.87682 ( 1 - ; ) + 0.786 14
where
T1 = 273.16°K (the triple point of water);
ei is expressed in millibars and T in oK.
The Goff-Gratch formulae are based on integration of the Clausius-Clapeyron
equation considering the deviation from an ideal gas, and on modern experimental
data. The following will give a rough idea of the methods used for the establishment
of these formulae.
On the one hand, precise calorimetric measurements have been made at the U.S.
National Bureau of Standards, particularly of the amount of heat y to be added to an
adiabatic caloriIlleter, containing water in both liquid and vapour phases, in order to
keep the temperature constant during adiabatic withdrawal of a volume v of satu-
rated vapour, y and v being expressed per unit mass of vapour withdrawn. These
quantities are linked by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
dew
y = Tv dT' (1)

V.1966
INTRODUCTION 4.6/7 - 2

On the other hand the virial equation states:

yew = RwT-A vv ew- A vvv e2w- .... (2)

The combination of equations (1) and (2) gives the differential equation:
dlnew y/R w T2
(3)
d'l' 1-Avvew/RwT-Avvve2w/RwT- ... (
As the negative terms of the denominator are small compared with unity, it is
enough to have a first approximation of ew. The right-hand side of equation (3) is
then reduced to a semi-empirical equation of suitable form for integration, and this
leads to the formula for saturation vapour pressure over water. The integration of
equation (3) is also carried out numerically, after which the constants in the saturation
pressure formula are adjusted by least squares.
The formula for saturated vapour pressure over ice is obtained similarly. (

Lineal' interpolation is practicable throughout Table 4.6 and in Table 4.7

for temperatures above -42°C.
Tables 4.6 and 4.7 have been reproduced from tables computed by the Centre
de calcul de l'Institut royal meteorologique de Belgique. The programme, written in
Fortran IV code, is kept at the Institut royal meteorologique de Belgique.
REFERENCE
GOFF, J. A., and GRATCR, S., Low-pressure properties of water from -160 to 2120F.
ASHVE Trans., 52, pp. 95-129, 1946.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 4.8/9 -,1

Introduction to Tables 4.8 and 4.9

DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOUR AT SATURATION
WITH RESPECT TO A PLANE SURFACE OF PURE WATER
(Table 4.8)

DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOUR AT SATURATION

WITH RESPECT TO A PLANE SURFACE OF ICE (Table 4.9)

The density Pv of water vapour at saturation with respect to a plane surface

of pure water and with respect to a plane surface of ice is obtained by means
of the following equations when water vapour is considered as a real gas:

ew
(pv)water = CvRwT and (1)
where R w is the gas constant for water vapour j

T the absolute temperature of water vapour j

ew the saturation vapour pressure over water at temperature T j

ei the saturation vapour pressure over ice at temperature T, and

Cv the compressibility factor for water vapour (see Table 4.4).
It should be noted that the use of density values calculated for water vapour
as a real gas (equation 1) will often lead to incompatibilities, especially if these
values have to be introduced into equations formulated for an ideal gas. Depend-
ing on the problem to be solved, density values are required for water vapour
as an ideal gas or for water vapour as a real gas. It is therefore simplest to provide
a table for water vapour as an ideal gas, accompanied by a table of the correc-
tions to be applied in order to obtain real gas densities. Let us therefore introduce
a correction factor r defined by the equation:
1
Cv = 1 + r. (2)

If Pv(i) is the density of saturated water vapour regarded as an ideal gas,

(pv(i»)water = ~ and (Pv

( .)
1
ei
lice = - - , (3)
RwT RwT
equation (1) becomes, over water or ice,
(4)
Thus the density of water vapour, as a real gas, is equal to the density Pv(i)
for the ideal gas hypothesis, plus a correction term rp/i).

Tables 4.8 and 4.9 each consist of two tables:

(a) A table giving the density, Pv(i), of saturated water vapour over water and
over ice respectively as a function of temperature, for water vapour as an
ideal gas (Tables 4.8.1 and 4.9.1);

V.1966
INTRODUCTION <1,.8/9 - 2

(b) A table giving the correction rpv(i) as a function of temperature (Tables

4.8.2 and 4.9.2). To obtain the density of saturated water vapour as a real
gas, merely add tIns correction to the value given in Tables 4.8.1 or 4.9.1 (
for the same temperature.
For instance, at the temperature of 15.3°C, the density of saturated water
vapour (ideal gas) over water Pv(i) is 13.05 g m-3 (Table 4.8.1), the correction
rpv(i) is 0.01 g m~3 (Table 4.8.2) ; and the density of the water vapour as a real
gas is Pv = 13.05 +0.01 = 13.06 g m-3.
Tables 4.8 and 4.9 have been drawn up with the following basic values: ew
and ei according to the Goff-Gratch formula adopted by Resolution 19 (Cg- IV)
(Tables 4.6 and 4.7) ; R w = 461.51 J kg-1 OK-I; and the Cv values of Table 4.4.
Linear interpolation is practicable in all the tables, except Table 4.9.1, for (
temperatures less than -410C.
Tables 4.8 and 4.9 have been drawn up by the Institut royal meteorologique
de Belgique. The programme of the computations, written in Fortran IV code, is kept. {
at the Institut royal meteorologique de Belgique.

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 4.10 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.10

RELATIONS BETWEEN SATURATION VAPOUR PRESSURE

OF WATER VAPOUR IN THE PURE PHASE AND OF
MOIST AIR (COEFFICIENTS fw AND f)

The saturation vapour pressure of moist air, defined in Table 4.3, section 10,
must not be confused with the saturation vapour pressure in the pure phase
for the same temperature, whether with respect to water or to ice. The dif-
ferences between these quantities, though often negligible in practice, are caused
by the following:

(a) The pressure of the liquid or solid phase associated with moist air at satura-
tion is not the same as the saturation vapour pressure of water vapour;
(b) The liquid or solid phase associated with moist air does not consist of pure
water or pure ice, but of water or ice containing dissolved air;
(c) If moist air is regarded as a real gas, its pressure cannot be regarded as
the sum of the pressure which dry air and water vapour would have if they
were isolated at the same temperature and in the same volume.

Consequently, two coefficients should be introduced, tw and t;, functions

of the temperature and pressure of moist air at saturation and defined by:

tw = e'w and
ew

where e' wand e'; are, respectively, the saturation vapour pressures of moist
air with respect to water and with respect to ice, and

where ew and ei are the saturation vapour pressures in the pure phase with
respect to water and to ice.

Expressions for tw and t; were drawn up by J. A. Goff and S. Gratch in

their formulation of the thermodynamic properties of moist air and water
vapour (see reference, equation (8)); these expressions are compatible with
the formulae for saturation vapour pressure in the pure phase, given in the
Introduction to Table 4.6/7.
Table 4.10 gives values of tw and f; as functions of temperature and pressure
of moist air at saturation. Linear interpolation is practicable throughout the
table.
To calculate the saturation vapour pressure of moist air with respect to
water, find in Table 4.10 the tw value corresponding to the pressure and temper-
ature of the moist air and, in Table 4.6, the ew value for the same temperature.

IV.1968
INTRODUCTION 4.10 - 2
(

In the case of saturation with respect to ice, find f; similarly, in Table 4.10,
and Bj in Table 4.7. These values are then substituted in one of the relations: (

e'w = lwew or e'i = bei •

(
For instance, if the pressure of moist air saturated with respect to water
is p = 960 mb and its temperature is t = 12.3°C, Table 4.6 gives ew = 14.295 mb
for t = 12.3°C and Table 4.10, by interpolation, tw
= 1.0042 for p = 960 mb
and t = 12.3°C. Thus the saturation vapour pressure of moist air with respect
to water ia:
e' w = 1.0042 X 14.295 = 14.355 mb.

N OTE1: In the table, the values ot Iw range trom 1 to 1.006 5 and those ot li
from 1 to 1.008 9, as these values remain between 1 and 1.005 in the meteorological
range of temperature and pressure. The approXimation e'w ... Bw and e'j'" eh often
used in practical calculations, introduces an error not exceeding 0.5%. This error
generally exceeds the tolerance for values of ew and ei which are, as given in reference {
(Table 7), for ew, ± 0.1 % (O°G) and ± 0.05% (+50 0 C) and, for eh ± 0.1 % (O°G) and
± 0.6% (-50°G).
NOTE 2 : It is often assumed in practice (a) that moist air is a mixture of ideal
gases obeying Dalton's law and (b) that the associated phases are pure water and pure (
ice. These assumptions do not imply that the Iw and /i coefficients are equal to unity
because the first of the causes set out at the beginning ot this Introduction must always
be considered j in such a case, the Iw and it values are nearer to unity than in the general
case (for instance Iw ... 1.001 instead of 1.004 for 1 000 mb and OOC).
Table 4.10 is a reproduction of SMT 89 and 90 which were based on data by
J. A. Goff and S. Gratch.
(
REFERENCE
GOFF, J. A., Final Report 01 the l'Vorlring Subcommittee of the International Joint Com~
mittee on Psychrometric Data, ASME Trans. 71, pp. 903-913, 1949.
(

(
IV.196B
 INTRODUCTION 4.11 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.11

VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT

The virtual temperature Tv of moist air as defined in Table 4.3, section 20,
IS given by the expression:

1+~
T =1' _ _8 (1)
v 1 + l'

where T is the temperature of the moist air, r the mixing ratio and e the ratio
ofthemolecularweight of water vapour to that of dry air, 8 = Mv/M.. = 0.62198.
It is practical to introduce into the calculations the difference D between
the virtual temperature and the temperature, expressed in oK or in 0C,
D = Tv-T.
When the humidity parameter is the mixing ratio, the difference D is
obtained directly from equation (1) :

(2)

1
with - -1 = 0.607 77.
e

When the humidity parameter is the relative humidity or the thermo-

dynamic dew-point temperature, the difference D is easily calculated by means
of the difference Dw between the virtual temperature and the temperature of
moist air saturated with respect to water at the same pressure p and at the
same temperature l' as the moist air concerned j the expression for D w is given
by equation (2) substituting for l' the saturation mixing ratio rw at pressure p
and temperature 1':

Dw = ( -1 - 1 ) I'w
-- 1'. (3)
8 1+ I'w

A. The humidity parameter is the relative humidity with respect to water.

It is more convenient to express the relative humidity with respect to
water Uw decimally instead of in per cent. So the formula given in Table 4.3,
section 15, is written:

Uw = -
l' 8 + I'w
(4)
I'w 8+1'

IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.11 - 2 (
Finding l' and 1'11' by means of equations (2) and (3) and introducing these
expressions into equation (4), we obtain: (
1
D= UwD w D ' (
1 + (1- Uw ) T-w

+ (1- U
w ) D; Jin series
(
or, by expanding the expression 1 / [1 and retaining
the first two terms only:
(
Dw 2
D = UwD w - Uw (1- Uw) - . (5)
T

The term orlgmating from the remainder R 2 of the expansion in series,

namely Uw D wR 2 , is less than 0.005°C for D w up to 150C, so it can be ignored (
in the meteorological range of pressure and temperature.
For practical calculations the first term of the second member of equa-
tion (5) will generally suffice, th8 contribution of the second term being always (
less than 0.1°C when D w does not exceed 100C.

B. The humidity parameter is the thermodynamic dew-point temperature. (

The difference Dw(p,Td) at pressure p and at a temperature equal to the
thermodynamic dew-point temperature Td of the moist air concerned is given (
by equation (3) :

(6) (

where rw(p,Td) is the saturation mixing ratio at pressure p and temperature T d. (

Now, according to the definition of the thermodynamic dew-point tempera-
ture (Table 4.3, section 12), rw(p,Td) = r, so that equation (2) has only to be
divided, member by member, by equation (6) to give: (

(7)

Table 4.11 gives values of Dw as a function of temperature and pressure.

Linear interpolation is practicable with respect to temperature for Dw values
(
less than 15°C and with respect to pressure for temperatures not exceeding
43°C at 1 050 mb, 25°C at 700 mb, 5°C at 500 mb and -200C at 200 mb.
(
IV.1968
 INTRODLCTION 4.11 - 3

Directions for the use of the table

(a) When the humidity parameter is relative humidity:
Find in the table the D w value for the temperature t (0C) and pressure p (mb)
of the air mass concerned; the difference between the virtual temperature and
temperature is given by equation (5), the second term of the right-hand member
being ignored, if appropriate.
For example, for t = 25.30 0 C and p = 963 mb, the table gives by inter-
polation D", = 3.840 C; thus we calculate for Uw = 58% = 0.58 :

UwD", = 0.58x3.84 = 2.227 f":::! 2.23 0 C;

_ _ D w2 _ _ 2 (3.84)2 __ °
U w (1 U w) T - 0.58xO.4 273.15 25.30 - +0.012 C

The difference D = Tv - T is equal to 2.23 0 C or 2.22°C depending on

whether one or two terms of equation (5) are used, which gives tv = 27.53°C
or 27.52°C.
(b) \Vhen the humidity indicator is the thermodynamic dew-point temperature:
Find in the table the D", value for the thermodynamic dew-point temper-
ature td (OC) and pressure p (mb) then multiply this value by the ratio of the
temperature (OK) to the thermodynamic dew-point temperature (OK) to obtain
the difference between the virtual temperature and temperature (equation (7)).
For example, t = 15.2°C (T = 288.35°K), td = 12.4°C (Td = 285.55°K)
and p = 983 mb; for 12.4°C and 983 mb, the table gives by interpolation
288.35
D", = 1.59°C; thus we obtain D = 1.59 285.55 = 1.61°C and tv = (15.2 +
+ 1.6)OC = 16.8 C.
0

Table {•. 11 is reproduced from SMT 72 which was computed by means of equa-
tion (3) using values of saturation mixing ratio from SMT 73, 6 = 0.621 97 and
To = 273.16°I\:. These values show slight differences from corresponding IMT values;
these differences lead to deviations of less than unity in the last significant digit given
in SMT 72.

NOTE: For the calculation of adjusted virtual temperature, see Introduction 4.12.

IV .1~6g
 INTRODUCTION 4.12 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.12

DENSITY OF AIR

Density of air regarded as an ideal gas (Table 4.12.1)

The density p of dry air regarded as an ideal gas is deduced from the equa-
tion of state for ideal gas, i.e. :
2
P X10
p= - - kgm-S
RT
(1)
where p is pressure in mb, T temperature in oK, and R = 287.05 J kg-I oK-I,
the ideal gas constant for dry air.
The density of moist air regarded as an ideal gas is given by the same
equation, temperature then being replaced by virtual temperature Tv, also
in oK:
px10 2
P = - - - kg m-a. (2)
RTv

Virtual temperature is defined in Table 4.3, section 20, and the method
of calculation is given in Introduction 4.11.
Table 4.12.1 gives the density, in kg m-s , of moist air regarded as an ideal
gas, as a function of pressure, in mb, and virtual temperature, in DC. Linear
interpolation is practicable throughout the table.

Deviation from the ideal gas laws : the compressibility factor

(Table 4.12.2)
The density of moist air is given by the following expression when moist
air is regarded as a real gas, i.e. taking into account deviations from the ideal
gas laws in the behaviour of moist air:
pX10 2
Preal = eR Tv
n
O
kg m- (3)

where C is the compressibility factor of moist air, a function of pressure, tempera-

ture and humidity.
The density of moist air regarded as a real gas can therefore be deduced
from the equation of state for moist air regarded as an ideal gas (equation (2)),
by substituting the adjusted virtual temperature, T'v = C Tv, defined in
Table 4.3, section 21, for the virtual temperature:

px10 2 -3
Preal = R T'v kg m

IV.I968
INTRODUCTION 4.12 ~ 2 (
Table 4.12.2 gives the compressibility factor for moist air (dimensionless)
as a function of pressure, in mb, temperature, in QC, and relative humidity, Uw ; (
below OOC the values given are for dry air as the effects of water vapour are
negligible for these temperatures. Linear interpolation is practicable throughout
the table. (
The values in the table are those computed by J. A. Goff and S. Gratch
on the basis of their formulation of the thermodynamic properties of air and
water vapour (see reference in Introduction 4.10). This computation takes
into account not only interaction between molecules of the same gas, as in the
case of water vapour (see Introduction 4.4), but also interaction between dis-
similar molecules.
It will be seen from Table 4.12.2 that the compressibility factor deviates (
very little from unity (by 0.0017, at most, for temperatures between +50 oC
and -50°C) so that values of T'v remain very near to Tv (maximum deviation
0.4°C). (

Directions for the use of the Tables (

To obtain the density of moist air regarded as an ideal gas at pressure p,
in mb, and temperature t, in QC, and with a relative humidity Uw , calculate
virtual temperature tv, in QC, by means of Table 4.11, then find the density (
corresponding to pressure p and virtual temperature t v in Table 4.12.1.
For the density of moist air regarded as a real gas, use adjusted virtual
temperature t'v instead of virtual temperature tv and read from Table 4.12.1 (
in the same way.

(
Calculation of the adjusted virtual temperature t'v
Find in Table 4.12.2 the value of the compressibility factor C for pres-
sure p, temperature t and relative humidity U w • The adjusted virtual tempera-
(
ture t'v, in QC, is worked out from virtual temperature tv, in QC, by means of
the equation:
(
t'v = t v - (1- C) (273 + tv );

tv can be rounded off to the nearest degree in the second term of the right- (
hand member of the equation.
For example, if p = 963 mb, t = 25.30 oC and U w = 58%, the virtual
temperature is tv = 27.52°C and the density of moist air regarded as an ideal (
gas, for 963 mb and 27.52°C, is given in Table 4.12.1 as p (ideal)= 1.1158 kg m-3 •
The compressibility factor for p = 963 mb, t = 25.30 oC and Uw = 58%,
according to Table 4.12.2, is C = 0.9996; the adjusted virtual temperature
is therefore t'v = 27.52 - (1- 0.9996) (273 + 28) = 27.40 oC ; the density of
(
moist air regarded as a real gas, for 963 mb and 27.40 oC, is given in Table 4.12.1
as p (real)= 1.116 2 kg m-3 •

IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.12 - 3

CmIMEN'!' : Adjusted virtual temperature is used instead of virtual temperature

when deviations from the equation of state for ideal gas in the behaviour of moist
ail' are to be taken into account. It may therefore be introduced as a device to avoid
explicit use of the compressibility factor in equations where temperature appears only
in the expression of density; this is so in the hydrostatic equation. This comment
relates to Tables 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7.

Table 4.12.1 is reproduced from SMT 71 which was computed using the following
values for physical constants: R = 287.04 J kg-I 01(-1 and To (temperature of the
normal ice point) = 273.16°1(. These values show slight differences from corresponding
IMT values mentioned in this Introduction; these differences lead to deviations of
less than unity in the last significant digit given in SMT 71.
Table 4.12.2 is a reproduction of SMT 84 based on data prepared by J. A. Goff
and S. Gratch. These values have been retained because no more recent data are
available and they are affected neither by the changes in the values of the physical
functions and constants nor by the change in the definition of relative humidity.

IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.13 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.13

RELATIONS BETWEEN MIXING RATIO, THERMODYNAMIC

DEW·POINT TEMPERATURE AND THERMODYNAMIC
FROST·POINT TEMPERATURE

(Saturation mixing ratio tables)

The saturation vapour pressure e' w of moist air saturated with respect to
water at pressure p and temperature T with a mixing ratio I'w is given by the
equation (Table 4.3, section 10) :
, I'w
e w (p,T) = --- p (1)
e + I'w
where e is the ratio of the molecular weight of water vapour to that of dry air,
e = Mv/M", = 0.62198.
The definition of the thermodynamic dew-point temperature Td (Table 4.3,
section 12) of moist air at pressure p, temperature T and with mixing ratio l'
involves the relation:

or, taking (1) into account,

, r
ew (p,Td) = -+
e I'
p. (2)

Lastly, the saturation vapour pressure of moist air e' w is related to that
of the pure phase ew by the equation:

e' w (p,T) = tw (p,T) ew (T) (3)

where tw (p,T) is a coefficient depending on the pressure and temperature of the

moist air (see Table 4.10).
For saturation with respect to ice, the equations are analogous to equa-
tions (1), (2) and (3), the subscript i denoting saturation with respect to ice
and .Tt the thermodynamic frost-point temperature (Table 4.3, section 13) :

r-
e'; (p,T) = _ _
1 _ P , (1')
e+l';

r
e'; (p,Tt) = -+
e r
p, (2')

e'; (p,T) = /i (p,T) e; (T) . (3')

IV.19GB
INTRODUCTION 4.Ia ...,- 2
(

The relations between the humidity parameters l' (in g kg-I), td and tf
are given in the following five tables (td and tf denote the values of Td and Tf (
expressed in QC) :

(
Table 4.13.1 - Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function
of mixing ratio and pressure
This table was drawn up by computing ew for each value of p and of l'
by means of equations (2) and (3), using tw
values drawn from Table 4.10 after
making a first approximation of td. The final value of td was obtained from ew
by inversion of Table 4.6. (

Table 4.13.2 - Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic dew-

point temperature and pressure
This table was drawn up by obtaining ew from Table 4.6 for each value
of td, then l' was calculated by means of equations (2) and (3). (

Table 4.13.3 - Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function

of mixing ratio and pressure
This table was drawn up by a procedure analogous to that of Table 4.13.1
but with use of equations (2') and (3') and Table 4.7. (

Table 4.13.4 - Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic frost- (

point temperature and pressure
This table was drawn up by a procedure analogous to that of Table 4.13.2 (
but with use of Table 4.7 and equations (2') and (3').

Table 4.13.5 - Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function (

of thermodynamic dew-point temperature
The l'elation between thermodynamic dew-point and frost-point tempera- (
tures is obtained from equations (2) and (2'),

e'w (p,Td) = e'i (p,Tf) , (

or, taking equations (3) and (3') into account:

(

(
IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.13 - 3

Comparison of the value of fw and that of fi for the same pressure but
different temperatures, by means of Table 4.10, shows that the difference does
not exceed 0.000 2 when the difference of temperature is of the same order as
the difference between Td and Tt (maximum 4°C) ; thus the ratio fw(p,Td)/fi(p,Tt)
can be taken as unity, the resulting error not exceeding 0.000 2. The relation
between Td and Tt is therefore in practice independent of pressure and
Table 4.13.5 was established by using Tables 4.6 and 4.7 together.

Linear interpolation
Table 4.13.1: practicable with respect to p arguments when p is higher than
800 mb ; generally not practicable with respect to r arguments
(practicable if tabular values are rounded off to 0.1 0 C).
Table 4.13.2: not practicable (maximum relative error introduced by linear
interpolation with respect to td arguments: 0.2 per cent - with
respect to p arguments: 0.1 per cent at 1 000 mb and 0.3 per
cent at 500 mb).
Table 4.13.3: practicable with respect to p arguments when p is higher than
700 mb ; not practicable with respect to r arguments.
Table 4.13.4: not practicable (maximum relative error introduced by linear
interpolation with respect to tt arguments: 0.3 per cent - with
respect to p arguments: 0.3 per cent when p is higher than
500 mb).
Table 4.13.5: practicable throughout the table.

Tables 4.13.1, 4.13.2 and 4.13.5 were not drawn up for values of thermo-
dynamic dew-point temperature below -50 oC because the formula for ew is
used, for saturation over supercooled water, only between -50oC and OoC
(see Introduction 4.6/7, page 1, note).

Accuracy of the tables

It is difficult to assess the accuracy of the values in the tables. It depends
on that of the ew, ei, fw and fi values. J. A. Goff and S. Gratch 1 gave the
tolerances on rw and I'i which correspond to r in Tables 4.13.2 and 4.13.4,
in connexion with an earlier computation. These tolerances, equal to at least
twice the estimated probable error, are as follows for a pressure of one normal
atmosphere:

on ±0.2% for temperature above ooC (not mentioned for temperature

I'w :
below O°C);
on r;: ±0.2% at OoC increasing to ±1 % at -80 oC.

1 GOFF, J. A., Final Report of the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint
Committee on Psychrometric Data, ASME Trans. 71, pp. 903-913 (Table 10), 19409.

IV.1968
INTRODUCTION 4.13 ~ I, (
The corresponding tolerances on td arc of the order of ±O.04oe for tempera-
tures over ooe and on tt, from ±0.04oe (at 00C) to ±O.06oe (at -SooC). (
It should be borne in mind, however, that these tolerances were determined
from tolerances previously established which, in the opinion of the above-
mentioned authors, could be greatly reduced. (
COMMENT: In practical calculations, the following approximations are often
used: B'w = Bw and B'; = B;.
The values of I' found by using this approximation are slightly lower than those
in Tables 4.13.1 and 4.13.3 though the relative difference is not more than 0.5%.
The values of td and tt are slightly higher than those in Tables 4.13.2 and 4.13.4
respectively, though the difference is not more than 0.1 QC.
(
Relations between temperai'ure and mixing ratio of moist a£r saturated
with respect to water and with respect to ice
(
\Vhen moist air is saturated with respect to water, the thermodynamic
dew-point temperature is the same as the temperature, T d = T, and the mixing
ratio is the saturation mixing ratio l' = I'w ; similarly, for saturation with respect
to ice, Tt == T and l' . I'j. Tables 4.13.1, 4.13.2, 4.13.3 and 4.13.4 give (
the following relations for moist air at saturation:
Table 4.13.1: Temperature of moist air saturated with respect to water (
as a function of mixing ratio and pressure.
Table 4.13.2: Mixing ratio of moist air saturated with respect to water
as a function of temperature and pressure. (
Table 4.13.3: Temperature of moist air saturated with respect to ice as
a function of mixing ratio and pressure.
Table 4.13.4: Mixing ratio of moist air saturated with respect to ice as (
a function of temperature and pressure.

Conversion between the various humidity parameters

(
The series of Tables 4.13 provides for conversion, by direct reading, between
mixing ratio and thermodynamic dew-point temperature and thermodynamic (
frost-point temperature; it also permits conversion between these humidity
parameters and relative humidity by a simple calculation.
Relative humidity with respect to water, Uw , expressed in per cent, of
moist air at pressure p and temperature t, is related to the mixing ratio by the (
equation (Table 4.3, section 15) :

e+ I'w
l'
U w = 100- . - - - (4) (
I'w e+1'
where I'w is the saturation mixing ratio at pressure p and temperature t; rand I'w
are expressed in kg kg-l (1 kg kg-l = 103 g kg-I). (
If the humidity parameter is 1', merely read I'w in Table 4.13.2 with pres-
sure p and temperature t as argllments.

IV.19G8
 INTRODUCTION 4.13 - 5

If the humidity parameter is td: Table 4.13.2 gives I' with p and td as
pressure and temperature arguments; the same table gives I'w taking p and t
as pressure and temperature arguments.
If the humidity parameter is tf, Table 4.13.4 gives I' with p and tf as pres-
sure and temperature arguments, and Table 4.13.2 gives I'w ·with p and t as
pressure and temperature arguments.
All that remains is to introduce the values of I' and I'w thus obtained, in
equation (4).
Example: If p = 1 010 mb and t = 16.0 0 C. Table 4.13.2 gives I'w =
= 11.445 g kg-1

(a) if I' = 8.311 g kg-I,

T _0.008311 0.621 98 + 0.011 445 _ 29 0/ ~ 0/ .
Uw - 100 0.0'11445 X 0.62198 + 0.008311 - 7 . 8 /0 73.0 /0 ,

(b) if td = 11.30 C, Table 4.13.2 gives I' = 8.389 g kg-1 for 1 010 mb and 11.30 C
whence Uw = 73.65% ~ 73.7%;
(c) if tf = -4.00 C, Table 4.13.4 gives I' = 2.716 g kg-1 for 1010 mb and
-4.00 C
whence Uw = 24.06% ~ 24.1%.

Conversely, if the humidity parameter is Uw , find first of all the value

of I'w corresponding to pressure p and temperature t in Table 4.13.2, then
work out the value of I' from equation (4) written:

B I'w U w /100 .
r =. ,
B + I'w (1- Uw /100)

tdand tf are given by Tables 4.13.1 and 4.13.3 respectively, for pressure p
and mixing ratio 1'.
Example: Let p = 850 mb, t = -5.60 C and Uw = 63%; Table 4.13.2
gIves I'w = 2.972 g kg-1 for 850 mb and -5.6°C, giving:

l' = 0.6~1 98 X 0.002 ~~2 X 0.6;7 = 0.001869 kg kg-1 = 1.869 g kg-1

0.62~ 98 + 0.002 v/2 X a.v.
whence t,l = --11.53°C and tf = -10.27°C.

The series of Tables 4.13 was drawn up by the Centre de calcul de l'Institut
royal meteorologique de Belgique using an IBM 70 l.0 computer. The programme, in
Fortran IV language, is kept at the Institut royal m6teorologique de Belgique.
 INTRODUCTION 4.14 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.14

POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE COMPUTATION

Potential temperature of dry air

The potential temperature of dry air at pressure P and temperature T is
the temperature e that a parcel of air would attain if transferred adiabatically
to standard pressure, Po = 1 000 mb.
As entropy remains constant in the reversible adiabatic transformations
of closed systems, potential temperature is given by the equation:

Sa (p,T) = Sa (po,e) (1)

where Sa is the specific entropy of dry air,
When dry air is regarded as an ideal gas with constant specific heat capacity,
equation (1) has the solution:

e= T (1 ~OO) Gp (2)

where P is expressed in mb, T and e

in oK, and where Cp is the specific heat
capacity at constant pressure and R the ideal gas constant for dry air; Table 4.1
gives R/cp = 2/7 exactly.

Potential temperature of unsaturated moist air

The potential temperature of unsaturated moist air, em, is defined as for
dry air, though it will be noted that the composition of the moist air remains
unchanged, i.e. the mixing ratio l' remains constant.
In the case of moist air, equation (1) becomes:

Srn (p, T, r) = Srn (Po,em,r) (3)

where Srn is the entropy of moist air per unit mass of dry air.
When dry air and water vapour are regarded as ideal gases having constant
specific heat capacities, equation (3) has the solution:

R+ rR w
em = T C~OO) cp+ rcpv (4)

IV.1968
INTRODUCTION 4.14 - 2
(

where Cpv is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure and R w the ideal gas
constant for water vapour. (
If Cp, Cpv, Rand R w are replaced by their values according to Table 4.i,
and if it is noted that l' is small by comparison with unity (1' generally remains
helow 10-2 in meteorological ranges of temperature and pressure), equation (4) (
can be written:
R
1000 Cp (1-0.231') (
em~T ( -p-)
(
or again, e
being the potential temperature of dry all' at the same pressure
p and the same temperature T as the moist air:

(
_e_m__e ~ _ 0.067 l' In (_i_OO_O) .
e p
(
Calculation shows that the difference em - e
rarely attains 0.i5°C for
moist air near to saturation, and generally remains at less than O.l°C so that,
where potential temperature is concerned, no distinction need be made between
(
moist and dry air for most practical purposes.

COMMENT: Potential temperature of dry air regarded as a real gas.

The entropy of a "real gas" can be expressed in the following form, denoting (
as s* specific entropy calculated in the hypothesis of an ideal gas the specific heat
capacity of which is constant and as b.s a correction term known as the specific entropy
residual:
s(p,T) = s*(p,T) + b.s(p,T). (

Introducing this expression in equation (1), we obtain, for dry ail' :

(

By means of this equation, it is possible to calculate the diITerence between the (

potential temperature of dr~' air regarded as a real gas and that of dry ail' regarded
as an ideal gas with constant specific heat capcit~,. Using the values of the specific
entropy residual established by J. A. GoIT and S. Gratch and published in SMT 86,
we find that this difference may be of the order of 0.1 degree.
(
Table 4.14.i, "Ratio of absolute potential tempcraturc to absolute temper-
· as a functIOn
ature f or d ry aIr . f ". h .
0 pressure , gIves te quantIty T =
e p-
(1000)2/ 7 (
as a function of pressure in mb. Linear interpolation is practicable when pres-
sure is equal to or greater than 45 mb.
Table 4 .i4. 2 gives the potential temperature of dry air expressed in oK
(
as a function of pressure in mb and temperature III °C calculated by means
of formula (2).
(
IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.14 - 3

Linear interpolation is of course practicable with respect to temperature;

it is practicable with respect to pressure in the following ranges: (a) for pres-
sures in excess of 850 mb at all temperatures, (b) for pressures behveen 850 and
700 mb with temperature below ooe.

Direction for the use of the Tables

Table 4.14.1 is used for the calculation of potential temperature with
greater accuracy than is possible with Table 4.14.2. It may also be used to
determine the temperature of a parcel of air subject to an adiabatic transforma-
tion. If pl>T1 relate to the initial state and P2,T 2 to a new state reached adiabati-
cally, we shall have:

For instance, for T 1 = 261°K, PI = 623 mb and P2 = 935 mb, T 2 is found

1 000)2/7
by reading in the table the values of ( -P- for 623 and 935 mb, i.e. :

1.1448
T2 = 2611.0194 = 293.1°K·

Tables 4. t 4. t and 4. tt.. 2 are reproductions of SJ\IT 77 and 75 respectively.

SMT 75 was computed on the basis of the old temperature scale (To = 273.t6). Dif-
ferences arising from the adoption of the new temperature scale lead to deviations of
less than unity in the last significant digit given in the table; the values for the 70 mb
and to mb pressure arguments which do not appeal' in SMT 75 have becn computed
specially for Table 4. t4. 2.

IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.15 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.15

RELATIONS BETWEEN PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND

MIXING RATIO ALONG SATURATION PSEUDO·ADIABATS

The pseudo-adiabatic transformations of saturated moist air as regarded

in meteorology are pseudo-adiabatic transformations during which it is assumed
that condensed water leaves the system and that no exchange of dry air and
of water vapour takes place with the environment.
This type of adiabatic transformation was introduced in meteorology by
von Bezold.1 The following equation was proposed by the IMO Commission
for Aerology (Toronto, 1947) to describe these transformations and was used
for the construction of aerological diagrams : 2

(Cp + rwcw) dIn T - R d In (p - ew) + d (Lvrw/T) = 0 (1)

Sew
with rw= - - -
p-ew

where Cp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of dry air,

Cw the specific heat capacity of water,
p the total pressure of moist air,
ew the saturation vapour pressure with respect to water,
R the gas constant for dry air,
Lv the latent heat of vaporization of water, and
e the ratio of the molecular weight of water vapour to that of dry air.

A discussion of pseudo-adiabatic transformations and the means of estab-

lishing equation (1) are found in reference 3.
The saturation pseudo-adiabats are the lines on the aerological diagram
representing the relation between pressure and temperature when pseudo-
adiabatic transformations are in progress. These lines are identified by the
temperature corresponding to 1 000 mb pressure; this temperature is the pseudo
wet-bulb potential temperature.
In the technique used by W. L. Godson,4 equation (1) was formulated
differently, taking into account the relations

dLv dIn ew eLv

dT = Cpv - Cw' dT RT2

R
and cpv=4-,
e

IV.196S
INTRODUCTION 4.15 - 2
(

thus
dp
dT
= 7p [1 _ l' w L v
21' t- RT
• eLv
cpT
_
+ 78
~J. / [1
+
rwLvJ.
RT
(
The equation was then integTated numerically step by step for each pseudo-
adiabat, at 2°C intervals. The technique of computation is described on page 31
of reference 4.
The values of the physical constants and functions used in this computation
are those given in Publication No. 79 (IMO).5 There are differences between these
and the values now adopted by WMO and published in the IMT, mainly with
regard to the temperature of the normal ice point, the ideal gas constant for
dry air and the saturation vapour pressure in the pure phase. However, these
differences arise for the most part from the readjustment imposed by the neW
definition of the temperature ,scales; so the values of temperature computed
in the same conditions, using in one case old values and in the other case new (
values of physical constants and functions, show deviations of less than 1/100
of a degree, which corresponds here to a deviation of less than 0.3 mb in pres-
sure values computed in the same conditions. These are of the same order (
as the uncertainty introduced by numerical integration, the probable error in
pressure then being 0.2 mb according to reference 4.
Table 4.15.1 gives pressure in mb as a function of temperature in 0C along (
the pseudo-adiabats for 2°C intervals of pseudo wet-bulb potential temperature.
Linear interpolation is generally not practicable; however, the errors involved
,"vould be smaller than 0.6 mb.
Table 4.15.2 gives the saturation mixing ratio in g kg-l as a function of (
temperature in °C along the pseudo-adiabats shown in Table 4.15.1. The
values of the saturation mixing ratio show slight deviations from those given
by Table 4.13.2 for the same pressure and the same temperature. These devia- (
tions are due to the approximation in Table 4.15.2 consisting in equating the
value of saturation vapour pressure of moist air to that of the pure phase; the
use of different sets of values for physical constants and functions (ew and 8)
(
in the computation of Tables 4.13.2 and 4.15.2 leads by itself to negligible
deviations in the corresponding values of satliration mixing ratio. Linear inter-
polation is only practicable in some parts of the table.
(
Table [L 15.1 reproduces the values given in Tables E I to E VII of reference 4.

Table 4.15.2 has been computed from the previous table; the value of I'w was
computed for every temperature and pressure value, using e = 0.621 97 and the values
of Cw in Publication No. 79. (
NOTE: The tables are not computed for temperatures values below -50 oC because
the formula for saturation vapour pressure ew is used, in the case of supercooled water,
only between -50 and OOC (see Introduction 4.6/7, page 1, note). (

REFERENCES
1. BEZOLD, vV. VON, ZUI' Thcl'modynamik del' Atmosphiire. Sitzungsber. Berlin. Akad., (
1888.
2. VVORLD lIIETEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, Les diagl'ammes ael'ologiques.
WMO - No. 66. TP. 25, section 2.2.3, 1957.
(
IV.1998
 INTRODUCTION 4.15 - 3

3. DUFOUR, L., Les transformations sans echange thermique et sans echange energMique
dans l'atmosphere. IRM de Belgique, Publications serie B, N° 44, 1964.
4. GODSON, '0,7. L., New Canadian Tephigram. Meteorological Division, Department of
Tranports, Canada, CrR - 2237, TEC 140, 26 January 1953.
5. INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, Values of some physical functions
and constants used in meteorology. Definitions and specifications of water vapollr
in the atmosphere. IMO Publication No. 79, 1951.

IV.196B
 INTRODUCTION 4.16 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.16

TERMINAL VELOCITY OF FALL OF WATER DROPLETS,

ICE CRYSTALS AND SOLID PRECIPITATION IN STILL AIR

Water droplets (Table 4.16.1)

The force F D exerted by air on a sphere of diameter d moving at a constant
velocity p is given by the equation:

d2 1
FD = n- .- CD p' p2 (1)
4 2

where p' is the density of the air and CD a coefficient known as the drag coeffi-
cient, a function of the Reynolds number Re ; in the case of the sphere, the expres-
sion for Re is :

Re = dpp' (2)
11

where 11 is the (dynamic) viscosity of the air.

The terminal velocity of fall is reached when the force F D is equal to the
weight of the sphere, less its buoyancy, i.e. :

F D = g(m-m)
I
="61 ngd3 (p-p)
I
(3)

where g is the acceleration of gravity, m the mass of the sphere, m' the mass
of air contained in the same volume and p the density of the sphere, i.e. of
water in this case.

(a) Small dropiets

In the case of droplets of less than 80 I! in diameter, it can be assumed
that the droplets retain a spherical form and that the force can be calculated
by means of Stokes's law:

whence we obtain, taking equation (3) into account:

1 (p- p')d2
Y= - g .
18 11

IV.1968
 INTRODUCTION 4.16 ~ 2 (

Table 4.16.1 A gives the terminal velocities of fall of droplets of pure

water in still air as a function of their diameter for the pressure of 1 013.25 mb (
and temperature 20°C, the air being regarded as dry; the following values were
used for the physical constants :
(
g = 980.665 cm sec-2 ,
p= 0.99821 g cm-3 (Table 4.5 B),
p' = 1.2041 X 10-3 g cm-3 (Table 4.12.1), and (
11 = 1 815 X 10-7 g cm-1 sec-1 (Table 4.17).

It will be noted that the density of air p' is small compared with the density
of water p and can thus be ignored, so that the terminal velocity of fall is prac-
tically independent of pressure j it does depend however on temperature through
the intermediary of 11 and a little on p. The terminal velocity of fall p(t) at (
temperature t can be deduced easily from the value p given in the table by the
relation:
(
" (t) = p 11 (20)
11 (t)
(
where 11 (20) and 11 (t) are the values of 11 at 20°C and at temperature t respec-
tively (Table 4.17).

(
(b) Medium and large droplets
When the diameter of the droplet is more than 80 J.L the equations given
above cannot be used since the airflow becomes turbulent, and large drops (
(diameter over 500 J.L approximately) change shape in falling. Thus their terminal
velocity has to be measured directly.
Table 4.16.1 B gives the results obtained in the laboratory by R. Gunn (
and G. D. Kinzer 1 for droplets of distilled water falling in still air at pressure
1013.25 mb, temperature 20°C and relative humidity 50%. The table gives
the terminal velocity of falling drops as a function of their equivalent diameter,
i.e. of the diameter of a sphere of distilled water having the same mass as the (
droplet concerned. The table also gives the Reynolds number and drag coeffi-
cient calculated for a sphere of water having the same mass as the droplet;
the Reynolds number was calculated by means of equation (2) and the drag (
coefficient by means of equations (1) and (3), m' being negligible in regard to m:

G = 8gp'm (
D
1t 112Re2

Droplets with a mass of 158 000 J.lg 'were found to be unstable. (

1 GUNN, R. and KINZER, G. D., JOUI'll. Meteorol., 6, p. 243, 1949 (also SMT 114).

rv.19GS
 INTRODUCTION 4.16 - 3

Ice crystals and solid precipitation (Table 4.16.2)

Ice crystals and solid precipitation appear in many shapes and structures
and their behaviour depends on the conditions under which they are observed.
Table 4 .i6. 2 gives in graph form the results obtained by various workers and
is necessarily limited to typical cases.

(a) Ice crystals

Figure (a) shows the terminal velocity of fall of various types of snow
crystals as a function of their linear dimensions, observed at ground-level by
Nakaya and Terada. 2

(b) Snowflakes
The terminal velocity of a falling snowflake depends largely upon its
dimensions and density. As the mean diameter and density of flakes are quite
closely related, the density decreasing with increasing size of flake, the terminal
velocity of fall can be represented as a function of a single variable.
Magono and Nakamura 3 observed snow flakes by allowing them to come
through a hole in the roof of a hut where the temperature was nearly ooe.
Figure (b.i) shows the relation between the mean diameter and the density of
snowflakes; Figure (b.2) indicates the terminal velocity of fall of observed
snowflakes as a function of the difference between density of flake and density
of air. The authors propose the semi-empirical formula as representing the
terminal velocity of fall 1', expressed in cm sec-I:

I' = 330 (a _ p)l/.

where a and p are density in g cm-3 of flake and of air respectively.

COMMENT: The value 330 of the coefficient is derived from theoretical considera-
tions whereas a value 377 would be given by the observation data reported in Fi-
gure (b.2).
Figures (b.1) and (b.2) are reproduced from Figures 3 and 9 of the paper. 3

(c) Hailstones
If it is assumed that hailstones are smooth spheres, the theoretical terminal
velocity of fall is calculated by means of equations (i) and (3) using experi-
mental relations between the drag coefficient and the Reynolds number.
Figures (c.i) and (c.2) are reproductions of the results obtained by Bilham and
Relf. 4 The curves in Figure (c.l) show the terminal velocity of fall as a func-
tion of diameter d for various densities of sphere, i.e. 0.915 g cm-3 (pure ice),
0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 g cm-3 , these curves being calculated for average surface con-
ditions. The two curves in Figure (c.2) were calculated for average conditions

2 NAKAYA, U. and TERADA, T. Jr., J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. Il, 1, 1935.
3 MAGONO, C. and NAKAMURA, T., Journ. Met. Soc. Japan, Ser. Il, 43, pp. 139-
147, 1965.
4 BILHAM, E. G. and RELF, E. F., J. Roy. Met. Soc., 63, pp. 149-162, 1937.

IV.1968
INTRODUCTION 4.16 - 4
(

on the surface and at altitude 3 048 m (10 000 ft) for sphere density of 0.6 g cm-3 •
The values of the physical constants used for the average surface conditions are: (

p' = 0.0758 Ib ft-3 (= 1.214 kg m-3) and!1, = 0.000 159 ft 2 sec-i

p
(= 0.0000148 m 2 sec-i). (
It will be noted that within a certain range of values of d, three terminal
velocities are possible; the central branch of the curve shows an unstable regime
and can be interpreted as the border line between two stable regimes represented
(
by the upper and lower branches of the curve, the latter showing the terminal
velocity attained in free fall. The presence of three terminal velocities is due
to the sharp variation of CD for Re values between 3X105 and 4X10 5. For (
spheres of between 6 and 40 mm in diameter, CD can be regarded as contant
and equal to about 0.5 ; the sections of the curves for this value of CD are shown
as dotted lines in the lower left-hand part of Figure (c.1). (
The terminal velocity of fall observed for hailstones is different from the
theoretical value obtained for smooth spheres and shows a considerable disper-
sion for the same mass and the same density. These variations are due to the
fact that hailstones take forms other than the sphere and that their surface (
varies in roughness. Wind-tunnel measurements of air resistance have been
undertak~n at the Institut federal pour l'etude de la neige et des avalanches
(WeissfluhjochjDavos, elevation 2664 m) on hailstones up to 5 cm in diameter. (
Figure (d), borrowed from Roland List,5 shows the terminal velocities of fall
deduced from these measurements as a function of the mean radius r of the
projection of the hailstone on a plane perpendicular to the velocity; the lines
numbered 1 to 9 relate to various forms of hailstone, drag coefficient and
(
density; the hatched zones show the areas of probable values fQr hailstones
and snow pellets.
(
6 LIST, R., Z. angew. Math. Phys., X, pp. 143-159, 1959.

IV.196B
 INTRODUCTION 4.17 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.17

VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF DRY AIR

DIFFUSION OF WATER VAPOUR IN AIR

Viscosity
Viscosity (dynamic viscosity) 11 can be defined as the ratio of the shearing
stress to velocity shear, or, in a parallel flow:

dU
1: = 11 dZ

where u is the velocity of the fluid, z a direction perpendicular to it and 1: the

tangential force exerted in a direction parallel to the velocity on a unit area
perpendicular to z.
Table 4.17 gives the viscosity 11 of dry air as a function of temperature
for the pressure of one normal atmosphere (1013.25 mb). Viscosity increases
slightly with pressure, rising about 1 X 10-8 N sec m-2 , as pressure increases
from 0 to 1 000 mb. The presence of water vapour in air decreases viscosity;
this decrease is of the order of 1 to 2 per cent for an increase of 0.1 in the mole
fraction of water vapour.
Kinematic viscosity v is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density p, v = l1/P.
The kinematic viscosity of ail' is computed by using viscosity values from
Table 4.17 and density values from Table 4.12.
Units of viscosity and kinematic viscosity are given in Table 1.1, sections 15
and 16.

Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity ), is defined by the equation:

rln AT
~'< = -),::"::
dt dX

where dQ is the quantity of heat flowing in a time dt across a unit area per-
pendicular to the direction x and T is temperature. The SI unit of thermal
conductivity is the joule per metre per second per degree (J m-I sec-I OK-I).
The thermal conductivity of air is practically independent of pressure
within the pressure and temperature ranges observed in meteorology. Table 4.17
gives values of the thermal conductivity of dry air as a function of temperature.
Thermal conductivity increases slightly when the air contains a small
proportion of vapour and decreases for larger proportions. These thermal
conductivity variations remain small, however, for the water vapour con-

IV.19GB
 INTRODUCTION 4.17 - 2 (

centrations encountered in meteorology; the relative increase of thermal con-

ductivity is less than 1 per cent for a mole fraction of water vapour varying (
between 0 and 0.1.
The thermal diffusivity or thermometric conductivity, a, is equal tothermal
conductivity divided by specific heat capacity at constant pressure Cp and by (
density p: a = A/Cpp. The SI unit of thermal diffusivity is the square metre
per second. The thermal diffusivity of air is computed using the values of A-
from Table 4.17, the values of p from Table 4.12 and Cp = 1005 J kg-I 0K-1
(Table 4.1). (

Molecular diffusion
The coefficient of diffusion D of a substance is defined by the equation:
dm _ D dd
dt - - dx (

where dm is the mass of the substance considered flowing in the direction x

across a unit area perpendicular to this direction in a time dt and where d is (
the concentration (mass per unit volumes) of the substance. The diffusion
coefficient is expressed in square metres per second in the SI system.
The above relation can also be written:

dd . D
dt = dlV ( V d) .
(
In the case of the diffusion of water vapour in air, d is the concentration
of water vapour dv (Table 4.3, section 3).
The diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to pressure; the diffusion (
coefficient for a pressure P and a temperature T, i.e. D (p,T), is worked out
from the value of the coefficient of diffusion for a pressure Po and the tempera-
ture T by the relation: .

D (p,T) = Po D (Po,l') .
p
(
Table 4.17 gives the diffusion coefficient of water vapour in air as a func-
tion of temperature for the pressure of one normal atmosphere, Po = 1 013.25 mb.
The values of the diffusion coefficient have been established for air containing (
only traces of water vapour.

Linear interpolation is practicable throughout Table 4.17. (

The values in Table 4.17 have been taken from the tables drawn up by E. A.
Mason and L. Monchick 1 and converted into SI units.

1 MASON, E. A. and MONCItICK, L., Sw'Yey of the equation of state and transport (
properties of moist gases, in Humidity and moisture, Vo!. Ill, pp. 257-272, Reinhold
Publishing Corp. New York (Tables 7, 9 and 10), 1965.

(
IV .196S
 INTRODUCTION 4.20 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.20

RELATION BETWEEN RELATIVE HUMIDITY
AND MIXING RATIO

The relative humidity Uw of moist air with respect to water, defined III
Table 4.3, section 15, is related to the mixing ratio by the following:

Uw = 100 ~ . B + I"w % (1)

I"w B + I"

where I" is the mixing ratio of moist air,

I"w is the saturation mixing ratio at the temperature and pressure of
the moist air being considered,
B is the ratio of the molecular weight of water vapour to that of dry
air = 0.621 98.
It would be possible to prepare a table of Uw with respect to I" and I"w by
means of equation (1), however such a table would be cumbersome if constructed
in a manner which would permit linear interpolation. It is therefore simpler
to express the relationship in the following form:

Uw = 100 -
I"

I"w
+ /i U (2a)

or
I" 1
-;:- = 100 (Uw - /i U) (2b)
w

I"w

= 100 -l' ( 1 - -1")

B
with /i U
1
I"w 1'w
+-.-
B
1'w
l'w
I"

I"w

w B
or /i U = Uw (1-100
U )
1 + 1'w
B (1- ~~)
. l'
/iU can thcn be expressed either as a function of I"w and the ratIO - or as a
I"w
function of 1'w and Uw ; it should be noted that only one table is required since,
for each value of 1'w, /iU takes the same value for -I" as for Uw = 100 (11
- -' ) .
1'w 1'w
Table 4.20 gives the value of /i U corresponding to two parameters: 1'w,
• I"
expressed III g kg-1 and - or Uw in per cent. Lineal' interpolation is practicable
1'w
throughout.

VII, 1973
INTRODUCTION 4.20 - 2 (
Use of the table
(1) To calculate the relative humidity Uw of moist air at pressure p temper- (
ature t and having a mixing ratio l' :
Find from Table 4.13.2 the saturation mixing ratio I'w corresponding to
pressure p and temperature t, then calculate the ratio!- (a slide rule calcula-
(
1'w
tion is generally sufficiently accurate). Then find from Table 4.20 the value
of AU corresponding to I'w and !-, and calculate Uw using equation (2a). For {
I'w
example, consider p = 1000 mb, t = 12°C and
5.64 g kg-I; Table 4.13.2
l' =
1
5 64 (
gIVes I'w = 8.880 g kg- for 1000 mb and 12°C; the ratio -;- is 8 '88 = 0.635;
lw .
then by interpolation in Table 4.20, AU = 0.33 for I'w = 8.880 g kg-1 and
I'/I'w = 0.635, thus:
(
Uw = 100 X 0.635 + 0.33 = 63.8 % .
(2) To calculate the mixing ratio of moist air at pressure p, temperature t
and having a relative humidity Uw : (
Find from Table 4.13.2 the saturation mixing ratio J'w corresponding to
pressure p and temperature t ; then from Table 4.20 the value A U corresponding
to I'w and Uw ; equation (2b) gives the ratio !- from which I' can be calculated
(
I'w
(slide rule accuracy will suffice). Consider for example p = 950 mb, t = 25°C
and Uw = 73%. Table 4.13.2 gives I'w = 21.546 gkg-1 for 950 mb and 25°C;
Table 4.20 gives, by interpolation, AU = 0.6 for I'w = 21.546 g kg-1 and
(
Uw = 73% ; from these can be calculated
l' 1 (
- = - (73 - 0.6) = 0.724
I'w 100
and I' = 21.546xO.724 = 15.6 g kg-I.
(
Comments on the definition of relative humidity
The definition of relative humidity has been modified several times over the years;
the old definition, analogous to the one now in use, was replaced in 1947 (Resolution 166 (
of the Directors' Conference of the International Meteorological Organization -
Washington 1947) by the following definition which can be found in Publication 79
of the IMO:
U 1 947 =
I'
100 - %.
(
I'w

The definition presently in force, as it appears in Table 4.3, section 15 was introduced
by WMO in 1953 (Recommendation 3 (CAe-I) adopted by Resolution 40 (EC-IV)). (
The conversion between the values of relative humidity determined in conformance
with one or the other of these defmitions is carried out by means of equation (2a) in
the form
U w = U19 47 !J..U. + (
Table 4.20 was prepared in the Secretariat.

(
VII, 1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.21 - 1

Introduction to Tahle 4.21

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVE HUMIDITY

AND THERMODYNAMIC DEW·POINT TEMPERATURE

The relative humidity with respect to water, Uw , is related to the vapour

pressure of water in moist air by the relation (Table 4.3, section 15) :
e'
Uw = 100 e,
w
(p, T)

where e' is the water vapour pressure in moist air,

e' w (p, T) is the saturation vapour pressure with respect to water in
moist air at the same pressure p and the same temperature T
as the moist air under consideration.

The definition of the thermodynamic dew-point temperature T d (Table 4.3,

section 12) implies that:
e' = e'w (p, T d )
where e'w (p, T d ) is the saturation vapour pressure of moist air at pressure p
and temperature T d.

Finally, the saturation vapour pressure of moist air, e'w is related to that
of the pure phase, Bw by the relationship:

e'w (p, T) = tw (p, T) • i\y (T)

'where tw (p, T) is a coefficient dependant on the pressure and temperature

of moist air (see Table 4.10).

The relative humidity Uw can thus be expressed as ;

U = 100 Bw (Td ) • tw (p, T d ) •

w i\y (T) tw (p, T)

It can be seen from Table 4.10 that the range of variation of tw is small
when the pressure remains constant, not greater than 0.002 for a temperature
+ 50°C; if then the
f (r' TT) is considered equal
(1
change from - 50 to ratio t )
w p,
to unity the resulting error in Uw wiII be less than 0.1%.
The relationship bet,veen relative humidity, temperature and thermo-
dynamic dew-point temperature is therefore practically independant of pressure
and can be calculated by means of the preceeding equation which becomes:

Bw is given as a function of temperature in Table 4.6.

VII. 1973
INTRODUCTION 4.21 - 2
(
Table 4.21.1 gives the relative humidity, expressed in %, as a function
of temperature, in cC, and the difference between the thermodynamic dew-point (
temperature and the temperature (dew-point depression) in cC. Linear inter-
polation is practicable.
Table 4.21.2 gives the thermodynamic dew-point temperature, in cC, as (
a function of temperature and relative humidity, in %. Linear interpolation is
practicable.

Table 4.21 was calculated by la Meteorologie N ationale de France by means of {

a CDC 6400 computer. The programme, written in Fortran language, is kept by
la Meteorologie Nationale.

(
1'11.1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 1

Introduction to Tables 4.22 and 4.23

RELATIONS BETWEEN THERMODYNAMIC

WET-BULB TEMPERATURE, MIXING RATIO
AND THERMODYNAMIC DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE

RELATIONS BETWEEN THERMODYNAMIC

ICE-BULB TEMPERATURE AND MIXING RATIO

Tables relative to thm'modynamic wet-bulh temperature

The definition of the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature T w is given
in Table 4.3, section 18, together with the equations which show the relation
bet"\veen it and the mixing ratio.
The first of these equations is expressed as a function of enthalpies (the
notation is the same as in Table 4.3) :

h (p, T, r) + [rw (p, T w ) - r] hw (p, T w ) = h (p, T w , rw (p, T w )); (1)

this equation is rigorous and is not based on any simplifying hypotheses.

The second equation is derived from the first by replacing the enthalpies
by their values after the introduction of the following simplifying hypotheses:
that air and water vapour are ideal gases with constant specific heat capacity
and that the enthalpy of moist air is equal to the sum of the enthalpies of dry
air and water vapour. Hence

T _ T = [rw (p, T w ) ' - r] Lv (T w )

(2)
w
cp+rcpv
'where:
p is the pressure,
T the thermodynamic temperature,
Tw the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature,
rw (p, T w ) the saturation mixing ratio at pressure p and temperature T w,
r the mixing ratio of the moist air under consideration,
Lv (Tw ) the specific latent heat of vaporization at temperature T w ,
cp the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of dry air,
Cpv the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of water vapour.
This relation can also be written with t and t"v designating the Celsius tempera-
tures corresponding to thermodynamic temperatures T and T w respectively
and with rand rw (p, T w) expressed in g kg-I,

t _ tw = [r w (p, tw) - r] Lv (tw) .

(2')
103 cp + r cpv
vrr.1973
 (
INTRODUCTION 4.22{23 - 2

Each of the equations (1) and (2) contains four variables: p, T, T wand r,
and each table would therefore have to contain three arguments. This would
make the tables very cumbersome and impractical. It is therefore preferable
to establish tables of factors for computing the required quantity in a simple
way. Other tables give the quantity in question for a selected value of one (
of the variables.
Equation (2) has been selected for the establishment of these tables rather
than equation (1) because, apart from the simplification it affords in calculation,
it can more easily be broken down into simple factors containing only two
variables. Otherwise, the differences between the calculated values using equa-
tion (1) and equation (2) are slight and comparable to the uncertainty in data
relating to real gases (see Note 1).
(
The physical constants and functions used in the calculations are the fol-
lowing: values of rw , in g kg-I, from Table 4.13.2; values of Lv, in J kg-I,
from Table 4.5 A; Cp = 1 005 J kg- 1 K-l and c pv = 1.85 X 103 J kg-1 K-l (
(Table 4.1).

(
Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature,
temperature and pressure (Tables 4.22.1.1 and 4.22.1.2)
(
The expression for l' is deduced directly from equation (2 1 ) :

l' = 1'w (p, tw ) - r w (p, tw) X A (t, tw) - B (t, tw) (3)
(
. cpv (t - tw)
wIth A (t, tw) = L v (tw ) + cpv (t-tw ) (

cp (t-tw) 3
B (t, t w) = L v (t..v ) + cpv (_)
t tw X 10 . <
Table 4.22.1.1 gives the factors A and B as a function of tw and of the dif-
ference t - t w expressed in QC. Linear interpolation is practicable. (

Use of the table

Consider moist air at pressure p, temperature t and thermodynamic wet- (

bulb temperature t..v. To get the mixing ratio, first obtain from Table 4.13.2
the saturation mixing ratio rw (p, tw), in g kg-I, corresponding to preSSlj.re p (
and temperature tw, then from Table 4.22.1.1 the factors A (t, t..v) and B (t, tw) ;
these quantities may then be introduced into equation (3) to obtain l' in g kg-I.
Note that the second term on the right-hand side of equation (3) is small with
respect to the other terms and can be neglected when great precision is not (
required. The calculation reduces then to a matter of simple subtraction.
Example: if p = 965 mb, t = 16.2°C and t..v = 11.3°C; Table 4.13.2 gives
1'w = 8.793 g kg-1 by interpolation for 965 mb and 11.3°C; Table 4.22.1.1 (

VII, 1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 3

gives A = 0.003 65 and B = 1.982 9 for tw = 11.3°C and t - tw = 4.9°C ;

equation (3) thus gives:
r = 8.793 - 8.793 X 0.003 65 - 1.982 9 = 6.778 g kg-l ,
or, neglecting the second term on the right hand side:
]' = 6.810 g kg-l.
Table 4.22.1.2 gives the mixing ratio, in g kg-l , directly, as a function
of t and of the difference t - tw for a pressure of 1000 mb. Linear interpolation
is practicable throughout the table.
This table has been calculated >vith the aid of equation (3) using the values
of A and B given in Table 4.22.1.1 and the values of I'w from Table 4.13.2.

Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature as a function of mixing ratio,

temperature and pressure (Tables 4.22.2.1 and 4.22.2.2)
By regrouping the terms, equation (2 /) can be written:

Cpv 103 Gp 103 Gp

I' + Lv (tw) I' (t - tw ) + Lv (tw) t = I'w (p, tw) + Lv (tw) two (4)

Let
(5)

having calculated F as a function of p and tw , it is possible to prepare a table

of tw as a function of F and p. Such a table permits the determination of tw
for moist air at pressure p, temperature t and having a mixing ratio 1', by means
of the following approximations:
1. Considering that the second term of the left-hand side of equation (4)
is small with respect to the other terms and that Lv varies comparatively little
with temperature, equation (4) can be written:
3
10 Gp F
I' + Lv (t) t = '. (6)

This equation gives values of F ' approaching the value F, which permits the
determination of a value of t'w approximating to that of t.v.
2. Then, replacing t w by t' w , equation (4) gives:
3

r + Gpv (
Lv (t'W) I' t - tw
') 10
+ Lv (t'GpW) t = 11

F ; (6 /)

The value FI/ thus obtained permits the calculation of a new approximation, tl/w .
The approximation tw !"::j tl/w is generally sufficient; the difference between tw
and t' w is less than 1°C and that between tw and tl/w does not exceed 0.03°C.
Nevertheless a new approximation can be made where greater precision is
required.

VII,l973
INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 4. (

Table 4.22.2.1 gives t..v, in °C, as a function of F and of pressure p in mb ; (

3
. cpv 10 cp f' . .
it also gives the factors y - ) and y - () as unctlOns of t..v, In °C. Lmear
v (t..v v t..v
interpolation is practicable.
The table was prepared by calculating F (p, t..v) as a function of t..v and p by (
means of equation (5), then by tabulating the values of t..v as a function of F.

Use of the table 1

The table is used in accordance with the above method, i.e. : first calculate F'
3
.
IT om equatlOn . t h e value 0 f t 1le f actor Lv
(6) usmg cp correspon d'mg to t; then
10 (t..v) \
take from the table the value of t'w corresponding to F ' and p, and insert this
cpv 103 cp
value in equation (6 /) as well as the values of the factors --(-,-) and --(-'-) (
Lvt w Lvt w
corresponding to t'w' After calculating F", use the table to determine t"w cor-
responding to F" and p.
This approximation is generally sufficient, but if greater precision is required, (
a new approximation can be obtained by putting t"w in equation (6 / ) and proceed-
ing in the same manner as described above.
Thus, for example, if p = 950.0 mb, t = 15.0°C, r = 5.5 g kg-I, <'
. 103 cp
Table 4.22.2.1 - part II - glVes y - ( = 0.407 61 for t = 15.0; from
v tw )
equation (6) (
F' = 5.5 + 0.407 61 X 15.0 = 11.61

and part I of the table gives t'w = 9.34°C for F ' = 11.61 and p = 950.0 mb.
103 cp cpv I ,
As Lv (t..v) = 0.405 41 and Lv (t..v) = 0.000 746 for t w = 9.34°C, equation (6)
then becomes :

pt' = 5.5 + 0.000 746 X 5.5 (15.0 - 9.34) + 0.405 41 X 15.0 = 11.60.
<
A value of t"w = 9.33°C can then be taken from the table knowing F" = 11.60
{
and p = 950.0 mb. A new approximation gives F '" = 11.60 from which
t'''w = 9.33°C.

Table 4.22.2.2 gives the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature t..v in QC (

as a function of the mixing ratio r and the temperature t at a pressure of 1 000 mb.
Linear interpolation is practicable.
Table 4.22.2.2 has been computed by inversing Table 4.22.1.2. (

Thermodynamic dew-point temperature td as a function of thermodynamic

wet-bulb temperature, temperature and pressure (Table 4.22.3) (
A table of thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of thermo-
dynamic wet-bulb temperature and temperature, established for an arbitrary
(
VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.22{23 - 5

pressure, say 1000 mb, can be used with sufficient accuracy for moist air at
any pressure p by means of the following method:

In equation (3) replace rand I'w by their respective values ~ and

o ew (tw) . . p- e
-----'---,..:--,- , e bemg the vapour pressure and I\v the saturatIOn vapour pressure
p -I\v (tw)
with respect to water in its pure phase; this requires that the factor fw be con-
sidered equal to 1. Solving with respect to e:

p-e
where a = -=------,---,-
p -I\v (tw )

Noting that (0 Cpv - cp)/o = R w /2, R w being the ideal gas constant for water
vapour, and making the following approximations:

a~1

equation (7) becomes

Cp
e ~ ew (tw) - p L ( ) (t - tw) ; (8)
o v t..v
td is then determined from e by the relation e = I\v (td ) assummg factor fw
equivalent to 1.
Consider now moist air at a pressure of 1000 mb, at temperature tl, in
which tw and td have, respectively, the same values as in moist air at pressure p
and temperature t, which implies that e and I\v (tw) have the same values in
both cases; equation (8) can be written:
Cp
e ~ I\v (tw) - 1 000 L ( ) (t1 - tw). (9)
o v tw

Equating the values of e given by equations (8) and (9) gives:

(10)

It is sufficient, therefore, in the case of moist air at any pressure, to calculate

by means of equation (10) the temperature tl of moist air at a pressure of
1 000 mb having the same tw and td as the moist air being considered. Then
to look in the table established for 1 000 mb for the value of td corresponding
to tl and two
The error in t d calculated in this manner is less than 0.05°C in the range
of conditions of temperature and pressure normally encountered in meteorology

VII.1973
INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 6 (
and when the relative humidity is above ~O per cent; it can be as high as 0.2°C
in cases where the relative humidity is very low (5 to 10 per cent) (see note 2). (
Table 4.22.3 gives the thermodynamic dew-point temperature td, expressed
in cC, as a function of the temperature t, in cC, and the difference t - tw, in cC,
at a pressure of 1 000 mb. Linear interpolation is practicable. (
The table was produced by calculating l' at a pressure of 1 000 mb by means
of equation (3), as in Table 4.22.1. 2, then taking the corresponding value
of td from Table 4.13.1.
t
Use of the table
I(
Consider moist air at pressure p, in mb, at temperature t, in cC, and having \
a thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature tw, in cC. In the general case where
the pressure is other than 1 000 mb, the temperature t1 of moist air at 1 000 mb
and having the same tw (and td ) as the moist air being considered can be cal- (
culated by means of equation (10) :

The value of td corresponding to tr and (t1 - tw) can then be found in

Table 4.22.3. (
Thus, for p = 912 mb, t = 23.6°C and tw = 17.4°C :

t1 = 17.4 + 19~~0 X 6.2 = 23.05°C. (

Then using Table 4.22.3 with t1 = 23.05°C and t1 - tw = 5.65°C, gIves, {

by interpolation, td = 14.2°C.

(
Tables relative to thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature

The same reasoning and calculations as described above apply to the (

thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature replacing, as appropriate, the thermo-
dynamic wet-bulb temperature tw by the thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature t;.,
the saturation mixing ratio with respect to water I'w by the saturation mixing (
ratio with respect to ice I'i and the specific latent heat of vaporization Lv by
the specific latent heat of sublimation L s •
Equation (2') then becomes: (

[l'i (p, ti ) - 1'] L s (ti )

t-t· = . (2")
1 103 cp + l' cp"
(
The physical quantities introduced in the calculations are: for l'i the values
found in Table 4.13.4 and for L s the values in Table 4. 5-A.

VII, 1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 7

Mixing ratio as a function of the thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature,

temperature and pressure (Tables 4.23.1.1 and 4.23.1.2)

Equation (3) can be written in this case:

(3')

Table 4.23.1.1 gives the factors A' and E' as functions of t; and the dif·
ference t - ti expressed in QC. Linear interpolation is practicable.

Table 4.23.1.1 is used in the same manner as Table 4.22.1.1, transferring

to equation (3') the values of A' and E' from the table and the values of l'i (p, ~)
from Table 4.13.4.

Table 4.23.1.2 gives the mixing ratio directly as a function of t and the
difference t - ~ for a pressure of 1000 mb. Linear interpolation is practicable.

This table has been calculated in a manner similar to that used for
Table 4.22.1.2 using values of l'i from Table 4.13.4.

Thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature as a function of mLxmg ratio,

temperature and pressure (Tables 4.23.2.1 and 4.23.2.2)

Table 4.23.2.1 gives the value of ti as a function of F i and p as well as

cpv 103 cp
the factors L-( and L-() as a function of ti ·
S ti ) S ~

The function F i is defined in this case by the equation:

Linear interpolation is practicable.

Table 4.23.2.1 has been calculated in a manner similar to 4.22.2.1 and

can be used in the same manner. A first approximation is obtained by the
equation:

1'+103~t= g.
L s (t) 1 ,

VII.1973
INTRODUCTION 4.22/23 - 8 (

the value of t~ corresponding to F;

and p can be taken from the table and (. ,
from this a second approximation can be made:

Cpv , 103 cp tI

1'+ L-(') I ' ( t - ti )

sti
+ L s(')
t
t =
i
Fi ;
(

and t; is given by the table as a function of Ft and p.

Table 4.23.2.2 gives the thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature t; in QC
as a function of the mixing ratio I' and the temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb.
I
Linear interpolation is practicable.

Table 4.23.2.2 was computed by inverting Table 4.23.1. 2. {

The series of Tables ~. 22 and ~. 23 were calculated by la Meteorologie Nationale
de France on a CDC 6~OO computer. The programme written in FORTRAN language
is kept by la Meteorologie Nationale. (
NOTE1: Difference between the values of T w calculated on the one hand by the
general formula (equation (1)) and on the other by the formula based on the ideal
gas hypothesis (equation (2)). (
Let us consider equation (1) and make the following transformations on its various
terms:
hw (p, T w) = hw (Bm T w) llw (p - Bw) +
(
where llw is the specific volume of water; further:
Itw (p, T w) = Itv (B w, T w) -Lv (Tw) + llw (p - Bw)
where Itv is the specific enthalpy of water vapour. (
If h* is the specific enthalpy of moist air when dry air and water vapour are
regarded as ideal gases with constant specific heat capacities and Ah is the specific
enthalpy residual of moist air (see Introduction ~.2~), then (
It (p, T, 1') = It* (p, T, 1') + Ah (p, T, 1') = (cp + I' cpv) T + C 2 + I'Cl + Ah (p, T, 1')
and, if Ahv is the specific enthalpy residual of water vapour (see Introduction 4.4)
(
Itv (Bm T w) = cpvTw + Cl + Altv (Bw, T w)
where, Cl and C2 are arbitrary constants.
Equation (1) can then be written as : (
(T _ T ) _ [I'w (p, T w) -1'] Lv (Tw)
w
cp +I'Cpv Cp +I'Cpv
(
The second term of the left hand side of the equation can be seen to be equal to the
difference T - T w calculated in the ideal gas hypothesis (equation (2)) ; the equation
can therefore be written:
L1 (
(T- T w ) - (T- Twhdea1 =
Cp+I'Cpv
where
L1 = Ah (p, T, 1') - Ah (p, T w , I\v) (
+ [I'w (p, T w) - r] Ahv (Bw, T w)
+ [I'w (p, T w) -1'] llw (p-Bw).
(
VII. 1973
 INTHODUCTION 4.22/23 - 9

The calculation and examination of Table 4.4 shows that the value of the expres-
sions given in the second and third lines is small with respect to that of the expression
in the first line ; examination of Table 4.24 shows that for the same pressure, the value
of the expression Ah (p, t, 1') - Ah (p, T w , I'w) does not exceed 40-80 J kg-1 and only
reaches these levels for extrem.e values of the difference T - T w; this value is of the
same order as the tolerances given for Ah (see Table 12 of reference 1 quoted in
Introduction 4.4).
Thus the difference in the values of T w calculated by means of equation (1) or by
means of equation (2) is L1 or about 0.04 to 0.08°C at a maximum; this value
Gp-I'Gpv
is comparable to the tolerance in the value of T w calculated by means of equation (1).
NOTE 2 : Error introduced by using Table 4.22.3 when the pressure is other than
1000 mb.
Let e be the value of the vapour pressure calculated for a pressure p and tempera-
ture t and e* the value calculated for a pressure of 1 000 mb and temperature t1, using
in both cases equation (7). Heplacing t1 by its value obtained by means of equation (10),
the difference e* - e can be expressed as follows:

e* - e "'" 2L~(tw) e (t - tw) (1-1 goD) + ew (tw) (a1 - a) [1- 2I!:7tw) :1 (t - tw)] (11)

1 000 - e 1 000 - P .
where a1 = 1 000 _ e ' then a1 - a "'" - 1 000 P [ew (tw) - e] ,
w
considering the expression in brackets of the second term on the right-hand side of
equation (11) as equal to 1, and making the rough approximation (but sufficient for
present purposes)
t -- -
- tw f:::j8 [e w (tw) - e] ,
Lv (tw ) P Gp
equation (11) becomes:

e -
*
e ~ [ew (t w) - e]
1 000 - P
1 000 P
[82RGp
w ]
e - ew (tw) ,

where 8 R w /2 Gp "'" 0.14,

* 1 000 - p
from which le -el < ew (tw ) [ew (tw ) -e] 1000 P .

Calculations show that this difference is small and that the resulting differences in
values of td are also small. The examples shown below are representative of these
differences :
difference
p tw Uw le* -81 in td
less than
less than
°C °C mb °C
mb %
800 30 25 75 0.02 0.01
30 20 43 0.029 0.025
30 10 5 0.03 0.2
500 0 -5 43 0.006 8 0.05
0 -8 10 0.0087 0.12
200 -30 -31 63 0.000 26 0.008
-30 -32 28 0.00047 0.03
The error introduced by assuming Iw (p, tw ) = 1 has nC'+. been considered here:
it is generally smaller than the one described in this note.

VII.ln73
 INTRODUCTION 4.24 - 1

Introduction to Table 4.24

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR

Table 4.24 describes the behaviour of moist air and gives the expressions
for the calculation of heat capacity at constant pressure, enthalpy and entropy
in the most general case possible, that is, without the introduction of simplifying
hypotheses such as the equation of state of an ideal gas. The data in this table
are derived from the Goff and Gratch formulation of the thermodynamic prop-
erties of air and water vapour and are therefore compatible with those of
Tables 4.4, 4.5, 4.8, 4.10, 4.12.2, 4.13 and 4.6 ; this latter was calculated
using the formula adopted by Fourth Congress (Resolution 19 (Cg-IV) ).
In moist air at pressure p, thermodynamic temperature T and having a
mixing ratio r, heat capacity at constant pressure Cp, enthalpy H and entropy S
per (1 +r) units of mass of moist air (or per unit of mass of dry air) are expressed
by the follo"ring equations:

Cp
r) + /1 C
= "27 R ( 1 + '87 8 p (1)

(2)

(3)

where
R is the ideal gas constant for dry air,
e the ratio of the molecular weight of water vapour to that of dry air,
t the Celsius temperature t = T ~ To
To the thermodynamic temperature of the normal ice point,
Lv (0) the specific latent heat of vapourization of water at O°C,
ew (0) the saturation vapour pressure of water in the pure phase at O°C.

/1Cp , /1H and /1S are small terms "rith respect to the others; they are
functions of pressure, temperature and mixing ratio and are called, respectively,
heat capacity at constant pressure residual, enthalpy residual and entropy
residual.

VIL1973
INTRODUCTION 4.24 -.:...- 2
(
Enthalpy and entropy of moist air are relative quantities, each comprising
two arbitrary constants grouped in an expression having the form Cl l' C2 • + (
These constants have been defined in equations (2) and (3) in the following
manner:
In dry air (1' = 0), the value 0 was assigned to enthalpy and to the quantity (
S +
R In p (p being expressed in millibars), called the reduced entropy, for
pressure equal to zero and temperature equal to O°C; this implies 6.H = 0
and I1S = 0 for l' = 0, P = 0 and t = O°C. . (
In pure water vapour (1' = 00), the value 0 was assigned to the specific
enthalpy H and to the specific entropy ~ for the liquid phase at a temperature
l' l' I1H (
of O°C· and saturation vapour pressure 8w (0) ; this implies that ._. 0 and
M l'
- = 0 for l' = 00, P = ew (0) and t = O°C.
l'
Taking numerical values R = 287.05 J kg-1 K-I, I> = 0.62198, To =
{
= 273.15 K, Lv (0) = 2.500 84 X 106 J kg-1, 8w (0) = 6.107 0 mb and expressing
p in mb, Tin K, tin °c, and l' in kg kg-I, equations (1), (2) and (3) take the
following forms which permit the calculation of Cp , Hand S for (1 r) kg + (
of moist air (or for 1 kg of dry air) :

Cp = 1 004.68 (1 + 1.837 45 1') + I1C J K- p

1 (1') (

H = 1004.68 [t + 1.8374·5 (t + 1354.70)] + I1Hl' J (2')

(
S 1 004.68 (In T - ~ In p - 5.610 02) +
(
+ 1 846.04 r(ln T - ~ In p - 0.198 10) + Srn + I1S J K-1 (3')
(

where Srn = - R [ ;;;I' In ;;;l' - ( 1 +;;;1') In ( 1 + 8I')J

(
is a positive term, function of the mixing ratio only, called the mixing entropy.

NOTE: The specific heat capacity at constant pressure, the specific enthalpy and
(
the specific entropy of moist air are obtained by dividing C p , Hand S respectively
by (1 +1').
(
Let C;, H* and S* be the heat capacity at constant pressure, enthalpy and
entropy respectively of (1 +
1') units of mass of moist air calculated according
to the following hypotheses: (a) dry air and water vapour are ideal gases
with constant specific heat capacity and (b) enthalpy and entropy of moist air
(
are respectively the sum of enthalpies and the sum of entropies of dry air and
of water vapour; the value zero of enthalpy and entropy for dry air as well as
(
VII. 1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.24 - 3

for water vapour is assigned in the same manner as previously. The equations (1),
(2) and (3) can therefore be written as :

Cp = C; + liC p, (1/1)
H H* + liH, (2/1)
S S* + liS. (3/1)

Description and use of the tables

Tables 4.24.1, 4.24.2 and 4.24.3 give respectively the residual quanti-
ties liCp in J K-\ liH in J and liS in J K-l for (1 +
r) kg of moist air as a
function of pressure (mb), temperature (0C) and of the ratio rfrw (p, t) where
r w (p, t) is the saturation mixing ratio at pressure p and temperature t
(Table 4.13.2). For temperatures below Doe, these quantities are practically
independent of the ratio rfrw (p, t) and therefore are indicated as functions of
pressure and temperature only. For temperatures equal to and above Doe, the
tabular values are given as functions of pressure, temperature and the ratio
rfrw (p, t) ; they are also mentioned for zero pressure in column rfrw (p, t) = 0
to facilitate the interpolation although the ratio rfrw (p, t) is not defined in this
case. Linear interpolation is sufficient within the limits of precision of the tables.
+
Table 4.24.4 gives the mixing entropy Srn, in J K-1 , for (1 1') kg of moist
air as a function of the mixing ratio]' expressed in kg kg-I. Linear interpolation
is practicable.
The heat capacity at constant pressure and enthalpy of moist air at pres-
sure p, temperature t and with mixing ratio r can be obtained by looking for
the vaJue of rw (p, t) corresponding to p and to t in Table 4.13.2 and then cal-
culating the ratio rfrw (p, t) ; the values of liCp and liH corresponding to p, t
and rfrw (p, t) can be taken from Tables 4.24.1 and 4.24.2 and used in equa-
tions (1') and (2'). Entropy is obtained by taking Srn from Table 4.24.4 and
liS from Table 4.24. 3after having calculated rf1'w (t, p) ; these values are then
used in equation (3').
For example, consider moist air with p = 900 mb, t = 15°C (T = 288.15 K)
and r = 8.53 g kg-1 (0.00853 kg kg-I). Table 4.13.2 gives r = 12.054 g kg-1
for p = 900 mb and t = 15°C, this gives!..- = ~ =0.71. Tables 4.24.1,
rw 12.054
4.24.2 and 4.24.3 give respectively for p = 900 mb, t = 15°C and rfrw = 0.71
by interpolation,

liCp = 1.6 J K-\ liH = - 0.24 X 10 3 J, liS = - 0.71 J K-1 ;

and Table 4.24.4 gives Srn = 20.85 J K-1 for r = 0.00853 kg kg-I. Equa-
tions (1'), (2') and (3') permit the calculation of Cp, Hand S for 1.0085 kg
of moist air:

Cp = 1 004.68 (1 + 1.837 45 X 0.008 53) + 1.6 = 1 022.0 J K-l

VII.1973
 INTRODUCTION 4.24 - 4
(
H = 1 004.68 [15 + 1.83745 X 0.00853 (15 + 1 354.70)] - 0.24 X 103
= 36.40 X 10 J 3

S = 1004.68 (In 288.15 - ~ In 900 - 5.610 02) +

(
+ 1846.04 X 0.00853 (In 288.15 - ~ In 900 - 0.19810) + 20.85 - 0.71

= -1839.66 + 20.85 - 0.71 = -1819.52 J K-l.

It will be noted that the values of f1Cp , f1H and f1S are small with respect (
to the other terms in equations (1'), (2') and (3') and can generally be neglected
in calculations.
(
The values in Table 4.24.1, 4.24.2, 4.24.3 and 4.24.4 have been taken, respec-
tively from SMT 88, 85, 86 and 87, then converted to SI units using the factor 4.186 84
for the conversion of IT calories into joules (see Note 1, Introduction 4.4, p. 4). SMT 88,
85, 86, 87 have been established according to the information prepared by J. A. Goff
and S. Gratch ; since the appearance of these tables the values of the physical constants
(
used in the calculations have undergone some changes as a result of the adoption (a)
of new temperature scales and a new value of Rand (b) a new definition of atomic mass.
However, the resulting differences in the values of I1Cp , I1H and I1S are negligible since (
these quantities have been calculated directly on the basis of reduced free enthalpies
at zero pressure, the second virial coefficients and the coefficient of interaction (see note).
The values of Srn given in Table 4.24.4 are not affected by the change in value of 8
(0.621 98 instead of 0.621 97 in the SMT) nor of R.
(
NOTE: Establishment of formulae (1), (2) and (3) and calculation of the residual
quantities I1C p , I1H and I1S.
A brief outline of Goff-Gratch formulation of thermodynamic properties of water {
vapour can be found in Introduction 4.4. In the case of moist air the approach is similar,
the difference being that moist air is a mixture of two gases in variable proportions, dry
air being considered here as a unique gas, so that it is necessary to take into account the
interaction between dry air and water vapour. (
The free enthalpy (or the Gibbs thermodynamic potential) g of a mixture of na
moles of dry air and nv moles of water vapour is

g=xalla+xvllv; (
Xa and Xv are respectively the mole fraction of dry air and that of water vapour;
Ila and Ilv are respectively the molal' chemical potential of dry ail' and that of water
vapour, given by equations:
(
Ila = g~ (T) + R* Tin Xa p - P [xa (2 - Xa) Aaa + Xv (2 - xa) AavJ - ...
Ilv = g~ (T) +R* Tin xvP - P [xv (2 -xv) A vv + Xa (2 -xv) AavJ - .. ,
(
where
R* is the gas constant for one mole of ideal gas;
Aaa. the second virial coefficient for dry ail' ; (
A vv • the second virial coefficient for water vapour;
A av , the coefficient of interaction between dry air and water vapour.
(
VII,197B
 INTRODUCTION 4.24 - 5

gg (T) and g~ (T) are functions which depend only on temperature, called reduced free
enthalpies at zero pressure, which are expressed in the case of dry air and of water
vapour by

7 1
gg (T)/R* T = 2 In T + ({la (T) ;

1
g~ (T) /R* T = 4 In T + ({lv (T) ;
({la (T) and ({lv (T) being small terms with respect to the others.

Noting that the free enthalpy of (1 + 1') units of mass of moist air is equal to
~a (1 + Dg (Ma being the apparent molecular mass of dry air), equations (1), (2)
and (3) are deduced from the free enthalpy following the same procedures as for water
vapour (Introduction 4.4). The residual values A.Cp , A.H and A.S come from the terms
in ({la (T), ({lv (T), Aaa, A vv and A av which are determined by the molecular properties
of the gases under consideration.

REFERENCES: see Introduction 4.4.

VII, 1973
 INTRODUCTION 6.1 - 1

Introduction to Table 6.1

SCALE VARIATIONS OF RECOMMENDED MAP PROJECTIONS

Three types of projections are recommended for weather charts (WMO TR,
paragraph 7.2.1): the polar stereographic projection, Lambert's conformal
-conic projection and. the Mercator projection; all three are conformal (except at
the poles in Lambert's conformal conic projection and the lvlercator projection),
i.e. all angles are preserved; at anyone point the scale is the same in all direc-
tions for infinitesimal distances and is a function of latitude and of the scale
-chosen for the standard parallel(s). The relation between a short distance on
the ground I1L and the corresponding distance I1l measured on the chart is :
I1l = S k I1L (1)
where S is the scale of the chart for the standard parallel(s), and
k a scale factor depending on latitude only, for each type of projection.
The distances I1l and I1L must be expressed in the same unit; the factors S
:and k are dimensionless.
The factor k is given by the following formulae if the Earth is assumed to be
spherical and latitude is designated by ({J, colatitude (90 0 - ({J) by X and the
latitude of the standard parallels by ({JI and ({J2 (colatitude Xl and X2) :
For the Mercator projection:
k = cos ({JI ;
cos ({J
For the polar stereographic projection:

cos 2 Xl
k= _ _ 2.
X'
cos 2 -
2
For Lambert's conformal conic projection:

2 (tg -X)"
k=nm-.--
SIn X

log sin Xl -log sin X2 sin Xl

where n = ----''---::..:..:.--....:::...--....:...:.= and m=
Xl
I og tg 2 - I
og tg
X2
2"

Table 6.1 gives the scale factor k as a function of latitude for the projections
recommended for weather charts, on the assumption that the Earth is spherical.
Linear interpolation is not practicable.
To find a distance I1L on the Earth corresponding to a relatively short length
I1l measured on the chart (e.g. I1l = 2.5 cm, or 0.000 025 km) :

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 6.1 - 2

(1) Ascertain the projection of the chart and the standard parallels (shown
in an inset on the chart itself) and in the table find the value of k corresponding
to the mean latitude of the length in question (for example, in the case of Lam- (
bert's conformal conic projection, standard parallels 300 and 60°, the mean
latitude of the length in question is rp = 500, k = 0.968).
(2) Introduce into formula (1) the value S of the scale at the standard
latitude (for example S = 1 : 15 000 000), the value of k already found, and the
length Al. In the example, this gives:
1
0.000025 = 15000000 X 0.968 AL
or AL = 387 km.
In order to find long distances covering several degrees of latitude the
coefficient k or ~ must be found by one of the following equations (obtained by
{
representing k, or ~, by a second degree polynomial) :

1 1(1 4 1)
k ="6 kA + k'f, + k
B •

where kA and kB are the values of the scale factor k for the latitudes of the two
extremities of the segment measured, and k'f, the value of k for the latitude of (
the middle of this segment.
The values of the scale coefficient of Table 6.1 are those of W. R. Gregg and
- 1. R. Tannehill 1 for the Mercator projection and Lambert's conformal conic projection
(standard parallels 30° and 600). The Institut geographique national de France has
undertaken the computation for the polar stereographic projection and Lambert's
conformal conic projection (standard parallels 100 and 400) giving information on the
method of computation for long distances.

1 Month. Weath. Rev., 65, p. 415, 1937 (reprinted also in SMT 165).

V.1966
 INTRODUCTION 6.2 - 1

Introduction to Table 6.2

LENGTH OF ONE DEGREE ON A PARALLEL

AND ON A MERIDIAN

Let a be the semi-major axis (equatorial radius) and b the semi-minor

axis (polar radius) of the ellipsoid of revolution representing the Earth's surface:
the flattening f b and the latitude rp the angle between the
is the ratio a -
a
normal of the generating ellipse and its major axis.
The radius l' of a parallel is :
a2 1 a
r = -b --;=====
a2
b2 + tg2tp V+ 1 (1- f)2tg 2rp
2nr
whence we derive the length l of one degree on the parallel: l = 360 .

The radius of curvature R of a meridian, i.e. of the generating ellipse, is

given by the relation:

b [ 1 - a a b2) sin2tp] - ~2=a(1-f)21-f(2-f)sin

(2 ~2
2
R=~ 2
[ 2rp ] -

and the length L of the arc between latitude tpl and latitude rp2 is thus:

'P2
L = f R(tp)drp·
'PI

The length of one degree on the meridian is ohtained hy taking the dif-
ference rp2 - tpl as one degree.
Table 6.2 gives the length of arc corresponding to one degree on the parallel
as a function of latitude and the length of arc of the meridian hetween two
consecutive values of latitude expressed in whole degrees. The tahle was cal-
culated for the International Ellipsoid of Reference (a = 6378388 m and
f = 1/297) adopted hy the International CongTess on Geodesy (Madrid 1924).
The length of the mean degree of latitude is 1/90 of one quarter of the
terrestrial meridian, viz. : 111137 m in the International Ellipsoid of Reference.
The values in Table 6.2 are taken from SMT 162 and 163.
NOTE: New measurements, obtained by means of satellites in particular, have
given the following generally recognized values of a = 6378150 m and t = 1/298.3.
Their use introduces differences of a few metres in the length of the degree.

rv.196S
TABLES
 TABLE 1.1 - 1

Table 1.1
UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

1 Length
SI unit: metre (m)
Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.1
Dimension: L
Metric units:
angstrom (A) 1 A = 1O~10 m = 10-8 cm
micron (11) (1) 1 11 = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm
Non-metric units:
(international) yard (2) (yd) 1 yd = 0.9144 m
(international) foot (2) (ft) 1 ft = 0.304 8 m
(international) inch (2) (in) 1 in = 2.54 cm ~ 0.025 4 m
(international) mile (2) (mile) 1 mile = 1 609.344 m
international nautical mile (3) 1 international nautical mile = 1 852 m
light year (l.y.) 1 l.y. = 9.460 5xl015 m
astronomical unit (AV) 1 AV = 1.495 X 1011 m
parsec (pc) 1 pc = 3.084 X 1016 m
NOTE 1: The name "micron" and the symbol "Il" should no longer be used
(CGPM-13), but replaced by "micrometre" and the symbol "Ilm".
NOTE 2: These relations were adopted (1 July, 1959) by the six nationallabora-
tories of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia,
South Africa and New Zealand. They are official units in the United States for all
purposes, whether scientific or industrial. However for geodetic measurements the
U.S. Survey foot = 1 200/3 937 m, defined in 1893, continues to be used. The Weights
and Measures Act, 1963, legalized those units in the United Kingdom.
NOTE 3 : The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Defense of the U.S.A·
officially adopted the international nautical mile of 1852 ID with effect from 1 July
1954. The U.K., however, still uses a nautical mile of 6080 feet corresponding to
1853.184 m.

2 Area
SI unit: square metre (m2)
Definition: area of a square with sides of 1 m
Dimension: L2
Non-metric units:
square yard (yd2) 1 yd2 = 0.836 127 m 2
square foot (ft 2) 1 ft 2 = 0.092 903 m 2
square inch (in2) 1 in2 = 6.451 6 cm2 = 0.000 645 16 m 2

3 Volume
SI unit: cubic metre (m3 )
Definition: volume of a cube with sides of 1 m
Dimension: L3

Amend. (VII,1973)
 TABLE 1.1 - 2

Metric unit:
litre (1) (1) 1 1= 1. dm3 = 10-3 m 3
Non-metric units:
cubic yard (yd 3 ) 1 yd 3 = 0.764 555 m 3
cubic foot (ft3) 1 ft3 = 0.028 316 8 m 3
cubic inch (in3 ) 1 in3 = 16.387 1 cm3 = 16.3871 X 10- 6 m 3
bushel (UK) 1 bushel = 36.368 7 dm3
gallon (UK) 1 gallon = 4.546 09 dm3
gallon (US) 1 gallon = 3.785 41 dm3
pint (UK) 1 pint --,- 0.568 261dm3
liquid pint (US) i liquid pint . 0.473 176 dm3
Huid ounce «UK) (H. oz) 1 H. oz = 28.413 0 cm3
Huid ounce (US) (H. oz) 1 H. oz = 29.573 5 cm3
NOTE 1: The word "litre?' may be used as a special name for the cubic decimetre, \
but is not to be used to express high-precision measurements of volume (CGPM-12, 1964).

4 Time
SI unit: second (s)
Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.3 (
Dimension: T
Derived units and other units
minute (min) 1 min = 60 s (exact) (
hour (h) 1: h = 3 600 s (exact)
day (d) 1 d = 86400 s (exact)
tropical year (mean solar, ordinary) (1) (a)
1 ~ = 31.556 926 X 106 s = 365.242 198 78 d
1 sidereal second. = 0.997 270 s (2)
1 sidereal day - 86 164.1 s (2) = 23 h 56 min 4.091 s (2) .
NOTE 1: On 1900.0, decreasing by 6.14X10-8 days per year.
NOTE 2: The exact conversion factors are not constant but varying in time.
However in the 20th century this secular variation does not affect the values given
for the conversion factors if restricted to the number of decimals given.

5 Speed (
SI unit: metre per second (m s-1)
Dimension: LT-1
Metric unit:
kilometre per hour (km h-1) 1 km h-1 = 1/3.6 m S-1
Non-metric unit:
knot 1 knot = 1 international nautical mile per hour = 1 852 m h-1
= 1 852/3 600 m S-l R::! 0.514 m s-l
Ame",d. (VII.1973)
 TABLE 1.1 ~ 3

6 Acceleration
SI unit: metre per second squar.ed(m S-2)
Dimension: LT-2
Metric unit:
gal 1 gal = 1 cm S-2 = 0.01 m S-2

7 Mass
SI unit: kilogramme (kg)
Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.2
Dimension: M
Metric unit:
tonne (t) 1 t = 1 000 kg
Non-metric units:
(unified) atomic
mass unit (u) 1 u = 1.660 44xl0-27 kg (1)
international pound
(avoirdupois) (lb) 1 lb = 0.453 592 37 kg (2)
slug (3) 1 slug = 980.665/30.48 lb (exactly)
= 32.1740 lb = 14.593 9kg

grain 1 grain = 7 ~OO lb

= 64.79891 mg (exactly)
1
ounce (oz) 1 oz = 16 lb = 28.349 5 g

NOTE1: See Introduction 1.1, section 6.5.

NOTE 2: Here the definition given by the ISO is followed. There exist two other
definitions :
(a) 1 Ib (UK) = 0.453592338 kg (determined experimentally in 1933).
(b) 11b avdp (US) = 0.4535924277 kg {exactly). (The relation given in the defini-
tion was officially adopted on or before 21 March 1894. The factor therein is the
result of an experimental determination in 1883 of the mass at that time of the
United Kingdom standard).
The following remark is pertinent to the ISO definition. Consideration has been
given to the possibility of redefining the U.K. and U.S. pounds (avoirdupois) on a
common legal basis by reference to the kilogramme, and the following values have
been proposed
1 pound = 0.4535923 kg
or = 0.453 592 37 kg
Both these values are such that the ratio of the grain (1/7000 Ib) to the kilogramme
would be exactly expressible as a terminating decimal. No decision, however, has
so far been reached. The adoption of a Ib equivalent to 0.453 592 37 kg should not
be regarded as giving it any special status. This value however coincides with that
adopted in 1959 for precise measurements for science and technology by the following
national laboratories: The Applied Physics Division, National Research Council,
Ottawa, Canada; The Dominion Physical Laboratory, Lower Hutt, New Zealand;
The National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., United States; The National
Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom; The National Physical Research Labor-
atory, Pretoria, South Africa; The National Standards Laboratory, Sydney, Australia
(see Note 1 to section 1).
NOTE 3: This unit is the British technical unit of mass.

.Amend. {VII.1973)
 TABLE 1.1 - 4

8 Density
SI unit: kilogramme per cubic metre (kg m-8)
Dimension: ML-3

9 Specific volume
SI unit: cubic metre per kilogramme (m3 kg-I)
Dimension: L3M-l

10 Momentum
SI unit: kilogramme metre per second (kg ms-I)
Dimension: LMT-l

11 Moment of momentum; angular momentum

SI unit: kilogramme metre squared per second (kg m 2 S-I)
Dimension: L2MT-l

12 Moment of inertia
SI unit: kilogramme metre squared (kg m 2)
Dimension: L2M

13 Force
SI unit: newton (N)
Definition: 1 N is that force which, when applied to a body having a mass
of 1 kg, gives it an acceleration of 1 m s-2
Dimension: LMT-2
Metric units:
dyne (dyn) 1 dyn = 10-5 N
sthene (sn) 1 sn ='= 103 N == 1 kN
kilogramme-force (kgf) 1 kgf = 9.80665 N (exactly) (1)

Non-metric units:
poundal,(pdl) 1 pdl = 0.138 255 N
pound-force (lbf) 1 lbf = 4.44822 N = 32.1740 pdl (2)
NOTE 1: This is the metric technical unit of force. The unit is also given the
abbreviation kp instead of kg£. It should be distinguished from the (inconstant) local
weight of a body having a mass of 1 kg.
NOTE 2: This is the British techIiical unit of force. It should be distinguished
from the (inconstant) local weight of a body having a mass of 1 lb. This would be called
"pound-weight".

14 Pressure
SI unit: pascal (Pa)
Definition: 1 pascal = 1 newton per square metre (iN m;-2)
Dimension: L-IMT-2
 TABLE 1,1 ~ 5

Metric units:
pieze (pz) 1 pz = 1 sn m-2 = 103 Pa (exactly)
bar (bar)(l) 1 bar = 105 Pa = 106 dyn cm:-2 = 1 hpz (exactly)
millibaJ,' (mbarormb) (2) 1 mb = 102 Pa = 103 dyn cm-2
Non-metric units:
normal atmosphere (atm) 1 atm = 101325 N m-2 (exactly) (3)
= 1013.25 mb
1
torr 1 torr = 760 atm = 133.322 N m-2
= 1.33322 mb
technical atmosphere (at) 1 at = 98066.5 N m-2 (exactly)
= 980.665 mb
poundal per square foot 1 pdl ft-2 = 1.488 16 N m-2
(pdl ft--2) = 0.014881 mb
conventional millimetre
of mercury (mm Hg) 1 mmHg = 133.322 N m-2
= 1.333 22 mb (4)
standard millimetre of
mercury (mm Hg)n 1 (mm Hg)n = 133.322 4 N m-2
-,- 1.333 224 mb (5)
NOTE 1: The microbar (1 pbar = 1 dyn cm-2 ) is also called the barye.
NOTE 2: The international symbol is mbar, the abbrevjation mb is used in meteor-
ology.
NOTE 3: Definition adopted by CGPM-10 (1954) for all types of usages.
NOTE 4: It follows from this definition that a pressure of 760 mm Hg exceeds
1 atm by less than 2 X10-7 atm.
NOTE 5: International Barometer Conventions (see Table 3.8.1).

15 Viscosity (dynamic viscosity)

SI unit: newton second per square metre (N s m-2)
Definition: 1 N s m-2 is the viscosity of a fluid in which the velocity under
a shear stress of 1 N m-2 has a gradient of 1 m s-1 per metre perpendicular
to the plane of the shear
Dimension: L-·1MT-1
Metric unit:
poise (P) 1 P = 0.1 N s m-2 = 1 dyn s cm-2 = 1 g cm-1 S-1
(exactly)

16 Viscosity (kinematic viscosity)

SI unit: square metre per secoI\d (m2 s-1)
Definition: 1 m 2 S-1 is the kinematic viscosity of a fluid with dynamic
viscosity 1 N s m-2 and density 1 kg m-3
Dimension: L2T-1
Metric unit:
stokes (St) 1 St = 0.000 1 m 2 S-1 = 1 cm2 s-1
 TABLE 1.1 - 6

17 Energy
SI unit: joule (J) (1)
Definition: 1 J is the work done when the point of application of a force of
1 N is displaced through a distance of 1 m in the direction of the force.
Dimension: L2MT-2
Metric unit:
erg (erg) 1 erg = 1 dyn cm = 10-7 J (exactly)
Non-metric units:
kilogram-force metre (kgf m) 1 kgf m = 9.806 65 J (exactly)
kilowatt hour (kWh) 1 kWh = 3.6x10!' J (exactly)
150 calorie (caI15) 1 cal 15 = 4.185 5 J (2)
IT calorie (calIT) 1 calIT = 4.1868 J (exactly) (3)
thermochemical calorie 1 cal (thermochem) = 4.1840 J (4)
foot poundal (ft pdl) 1 ft pdl = 0.042 140 1 J
British thermal unit (Btu) 1 Btu = 1 055.06 J
NOTE 1: The CGPM (1948) adopted this unit for electric work and for heat as
well as for mechanical work and for energy. This unit was sometimes called absolute
joule. Until 1948 the international joule was also, used for electrical work and sometimes
for heat. The "international" units were abandoned by tne CGPM~9 (1948). The
conversion factors given by the Comite international des poids et mesures (1946) lead
to the approximate relation
. .
1 mean mternatzona l' l
IOU e = 1.000 49 J ,= 100019
(1.00034)2 .. . J
NOTE 2: The conversion factor shown was proposed hy the Comite consultatif
de thermometrie et calorimetrie and adopted by the Gomite international des' poids
et mesures (1950) as being' the most aceurate value which could then be deduced from
experiment. This factor is uncertain by 0.0005 J.
NOTE 3: This. conversion factor has' been adopte'd as defining the IT calorie
by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam (London, 1956). How-
ever, the WMO TR, Appendix C (6), gives 4.18684 J.
NOTE 4: This conversion factor has been adopted by the U.S. National Bureau
of Standards as giving the definitive· relation between the thermochemical calorie and
the joule.

18 Power
SI unit: watt (W) (1)

Definition: 1 W = 1 J s-l
Dimension: L2MT-3
Metric unit:
erg per second (erg s-l) 1 erg s-l = 10-7 W (exactly)
Non-metric unit:
IT kilocalorie per hour (kcalIT h-1 ) 1 kcalIT h-1 = 1.163 W
NOTE 1: Until 1948 the international watt, defined as the product of 1 inter-
national volt and 1 international ampere, was used in electrical measurementS. This
unit was abandoned by the CGPM-9 (1948). The conversion factors given by the
Comite international des poids et mesures (1946) lead to the approximative relation
1 mean international watt = (1.00034)2 W =·1 000 19 W
1.00049 .
 TABLE 1.1 - 7

19 Specific energy
SI unit: joule per kilogramme (J kg-I)
Dimension: L2T-2
Non-metric unit:
Standard geopotential metre (m')
1 m' = 9.806 65 J kg-I = 9.806 65 m 2 s-2
NOTE 1: The standard geopotential metre has been adopted by WMO (see WMO
TR, Volume I, edition 1971, Appendix C, section 7) as the unit of geopotential and
from 1 July 1972 replaces the geopotential metre (gpm) defined by
1 gpm = 9.8 J kg-I = 9.8 m 2 s-2
For conversions between standard geopotential metres and geopotential metres,
see Note on page IX.

20 Temperature (1)

SI unit: kelvin (2)

Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.5

Dimension: e
Metric unit:
Degree Celsius (OC) (2) : the Celsius temperature t of a system IS given by
t = (T-273.15) °C in which T is the temperature in kelvins
Non-metric units:

degree Rankine (OR) (3): 10 R = ~K

9
degree Fahrenheit (oF) : the Fahrenheit temperature of a system is given by
t = (T-459.67) of in which T is the absolute temperature in degrees Ran-
kine (4)

NOTE 1: For this section see also Introduction 1.1, section 4..
NOTE 2: A difference of temperature is expressed in kelvins (K), it may also be
expressed in degrees Celsius (0C) (CGPM-13).
NOTE 3: oR should not be mistaken for an abbreviation for the abandoned
degree Reaumur.
NOTE 4:. H to °C, iF of, TK K and TR oR relate to one and the same physical
state, then the numerical values to, tF, TK and TR. are connected by
5 5
to ="9 (iF-32) = TK-273.15 ="9 TR-273.15
and also by
5
to+ 40 = 9" (iF + 40)

21 Quantity of heat
See Energy, section 17 of this Table
 TABLE 1.1 -'-8

22 Amount of substance
SI unit: mole (mol)
Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.7.
NOTE 1: See also Introduction 1.1, section 6.4.
NOTE 2: The numerical value of the quantity of mat1;er e~pressed in moles is
also called the number of moles.

23 Molar quantities
Expressions such as molar mass, molar volume, molar entropy, etc., are
used to express the quotient of mass, volume, entropy, etc., by the quantity of
matter.

24 Luminous intensity
SI unit: candela (cd)
Definition: see Introduction 1.1, section 3.6
Dimension: J

25 Luminance
SI unit: nit (nit)
Definition: 1 nit = 1 candela per square metre (1 cd m-2)
Dimension: J L-2
Metric unit:
stilb (sb) (1) 1 sb =1 cd cm-2 = 1Q4 cd m-2
Non-metric unit:
apostilb (asb) (1) 1 asb = (10-4101 ) sb = ,.-1 cd m-2
NOTE 1: The use of these units is not recommended.

26 Luminous flux
Unit: lumen (lm)
Definition: the total luminous flux from a point source of l' candela equals
4n lumens so that 1lm = 1 cd steradian.
Dimension: J

27 Illumination
Units: lux (Ix) 1 Ix = 1 lm m-2
phot (1) (ph) 1 ph = 1 lm cm-2 = 104 Ix
Dimension: J L-2
NOTE 1: The use of this unit is not recommended.
 TABLE 1.1 - 9

28 Energy per unit area

SI unit: joule per square metre (J m-2 )
Dimension: MT-2

Non-metric unit:
langley (1) (Ly) 1 Ly = 1 cal16 cm-2 = 4.185 5 X104 J m-2

NOTE (1) : The unit langley is still used in meteorology (radiation) although CGPM
(1948) decided to abandon it. See also Introduction 1.1, section 5.

29 List of selected physical constants

29.1 In the following list, the best values currently available are given accord·
ing to E. R. Cohen and C. W. M. Dumond, Rev. Mod. Phys., 37, 537-594,
October 1965. The digits in parentheses following some values represent the
standard deviation error in the final digits of the quoted value. The unified
scale of atomic weight is used throughout.

29.2 Physical constants: least-squares adjusted output fJalues of 1963 (1)

Velocity of light C = 2.997 925 (1) X 108

m s-l
Avogadro's constant N.A. = 6.022 52 (9) X 10 23 mol-1
Boltzmann's constant k = 1.380 54 (6) X 10-23 J 1(-1
Electron rest mass m = 9.10908 (13) X 10-31 kg
Planck's constant h = 6.625 59 (16) X 10-34 J S
First radiation constant Cl = 2nhc2 = 3.741 50 (9) X 10-16 J m 2 s-l
Second radiation constant C2 = hcjk = 1.438 79 (6) X 10-2 m I(
Wien displacement law
constant AmaxT = (0.289 782 ± 0.000 013) X 10-2 m I( *
Stephan-Boltzmann
constant 0' = 5.669 7 (10) X 10-8 J m-2 1(-4 s-l
Standard molar volume
of ideal gas Vm = (22413.6 ± 0.6) X 10~6 m 3 mol-1
Molar constant R = 8.31434 (35) J mol-1 1(-1 (2)
of ideal gas
Relative atomic masses :
Oxygen nuclide 16 0 15.994915
Carbon nuclide 12C 12 (exactly)
Hydrogen nuclide 1 1.007825
Deuterium 2.014102
Neutron 1.0086654 (4)
NOTE1: The values of physical constants given in this list are retained in the present
amendment because they are still largely used on an international basis, in particular
in the ISO International Standard 31. New values, given by B. N. Taylor, W. H. Parker

* Cohen, Dumond, Layton and Rollet, Rev. Mod. Phys. 27, 377, 1955.
 TABLE 1.1 - 10

and D. N. Langenberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 41, 375 (1969), which differ significantly from
former values, are given below:
Avogadro's constant NA = 6.022169 (40) X10 23 mol-1
Boltzmann's constant k = 1.380 622 (59) X10-23 J 1(-1
Electron rest mass m = 9.109558 (54) X10- 31 kg
Planck's constant h = 6.626196 (50) X10- 34 J s
(united) atomic mass unit u = 1.660 531 (11) X10-27 kg

30 Index of units
Unit Section Unit Section
ampere Introd. 3.4 lumen 26
angstrom 1 lux 27
apostilb 25 metre 1
astronomical unit 1 mICron 1
atmosphere 14 mile 1
(unified) atomic mass unit 7 millibar 14
avoirdupois 7 millimetre of mercury 14
bar 14 minute 4
British thermal unit 17 mole 22
bushel 3 nautical mile 1
calorie 17 newton 13
candela 24 nit 25
day 4 ounce 7
degree Celsius 20 parsec 1
degree Fahrenheit 20 pascal 14
degree Rankine 20 phot 27
dyne 13 pieze 14
erg 17 pint 3
pOlse 15 (
fluid ounce 3
foot 1 pound 7
foot poundal 17 pound-forc!! 13
gal 6 poundal 13
gallon 3 second 4
graIn 7 sidereal day 4
gramme 7 sidereal second 4
hour 4 slug 7
inch 1 standard geopotential metre 19
joule 17 sthene 13 ,ne
kelvin 20 stilb 25 II!J (
kilogramme 7 stokes 16
kilogramme-force 13 tropical year 4
kilowatt hour 17 tonne 7
knot 5 torr 14
langley 28 watt 18
light year 1 yard 1
liquid pint 3 year 4
litre 3

Amend. (VII.1973)
 TABLE 1.2 - 1

Table 1.2 Conversion of standard millimetres of mercury to millibars *

Conversion des millimetres de mercure normaux en millibars *
(mmHg)n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mb mb mb rob rob rob mb rob mb mb.
0 0.00 1.33 2.67 4.00 5.33 6.67 8.00 9.33 10.67 12.00
10 13.33 14.67 16.00 17.33 18.67 20.00 21.33 22.66 24.00 25.33
20 26.66 28.00 29.33 30.66 32.00 33.33 34.66 36.00 37.33 38.66
30 40.00 41.33 42.66 44.00 45.33 46.66 48.00 49.33 50.66 52.00
40 53.33 54.66 56.00 57.33 58.66 60.00 61.33 62.66 63.99 65.33
50 66.66 67.99 69.33 70.66 71.99 73.33 74.66 75.99 77.33 78.66
60 79.99 81.33 82.66 83.99 85.33 86.66 87.99 89.33 90.66 91.99
70 93.33 94.66 95.99 97.33 98.66 99.99 101.33 102.66 103.99 105.32
80 106.66 107.99 109.32 110.66 111.99 113.32 114.66 115.99 117.32 118.66
90 119.99 121.32 122.66 123.99 125.32 126.66 127.99 129.32 130.66 131.99
100 133.32 134.66 135.99 137.32 138.66 139.99 141.32 142.65 143.99 145.32
110 146.65 147.99 149.32 150.65 151.99 153.32 154.65 155.99 157.32 158.65
120 159.99 161.32 162.65 163.99 165.32 166.65 167.99 169.32 170.65 171.99
130 173.32 174.65 175.99 177.32 178.65 179.99 181.32 182.65 183.98 185.32
140 186.65 187.98 189.32 190.65 191.98 193.3~ 194.65 195.98 197.32 198.65
150 199.98 201.32 202.65 203.98 205.32 206.65 207.98 209.32 210.65 211.98
160 213.32 214.65 215.98 217.32 218.65 219.98 221.32 222.65 223.98 225.31
170 226.65 227.98 229.31 230.65 231.98 233.31 234.65 235.98 237.31 238.65
180 239.98 241.31 242.65 243.98 245.31 246.65 247.98 249.31 250.65 251.98
190 253.31 254.65 255.98 257.31 258.65 259.98 261.31 262.65 263.98 265.31
200 266.64 267.98 269.31 270.64 271.98 273.31 274.64 275.98 277.31 278.64
210 279.98 281.31 282.64 283.98 285.31 286.64 287.98 289.31 290.64 291.98
220 293.31 294.64 295.98 297.31 298.64 299.98 301.31 302.64 303.98 305.31
230 306.64 307.97 309.31 310.64 311.97 313.31 314.64 315.97 317.31 318.64
240 319.97 321.31 322.64 323.97 325.31 326.64 327.97 329.31 330.64 331.97
250 333.31 334.64 335.97 337.31 338.64 339.97 341.31 342.64 343.97 345.31
260 346.64 347.97 349.30 350.64 351.97 353.30 354.64 355.97 357.30 358.64
270 359.97 361.30 362.64 363.97 365.30 366.64 367.97 369.30 370.64 371.97
280 373.30 374.64 375.97 377.30 378.64 379.97 381.30 382.64 383.97 385.30
290 386.63 387.97 389.30 39Q.63 391.97 393.30 394.63 395.97 397.30 398.63
300 '399.97 401.30 402.63 403.97 405.30 406.63 407.97 409.30 41Q.63 411.97
310 413.30 414.63 415.97 417.30 418.63 419.97 421.30 422.63 423.97 425.30
320 426.63 427.96 429.30 430.63 431.96 433.30 434.63 435.96 437.30 438.63
330 439.96 441.30 442.63 443.96 445.30 446.63 447.96 449.30 45G.63 451.96
340 453.30 454.63 455.96 457.30 458.63 459.96 461.30 462.63 463.96 465.30
350 466.63 467.96 469.29 470.63 471.96 473;29 474.63 475.96 477.29 478.63
360 479.96 481.29 482.63 483.96 485.29 486.63 487.96 489.29 490.63 491.96
370 493.29 494.63 495.96 497.29 498.63 499.96 501.29 502.63 503.96 505.29
380 506.63 507.96 509.29 510.62 511.96 513.29 514.62 515.96 517.29 518.62
390 519.96 521.29 522.62 523.96 525.29 526.62 527.96 529.29 53G.62 531.96
400 533.29 534.62 535.96 537.29 538.62 539.96 541.29 542.62 543.96 545.29
410 546.62 547.96 549.29 550.62 551.95 553.29 554.62 555.95 557.29 558.62
420 559.95 561.29 562.62 563.95 565.29 566.62 567.95 569.29 57G.62 571.95
430 573.29 574.62 575.95 577.29 578.62 579.95 581.29 582.62 583.95 585.29
440 586.62 587.95 589.29 590.62 591.95 593.28 594.62 595.95 597.28 598.62
450 599.95 601.28 602.62 603.95 605.28 606.62 607.95 609.28 61G.62 611.95
460 613.28 614.62 615.95 617.28 618.62 619.95 62128 622.62 623.95 625.28
470 626.62 627.95 629.28 630.61 631.95 633.28 634.61 635.95 637.28 638.61
480 639.95 641.28 642.61 643.95 645.28 646.61 647.95 649.28 650.61 651.95
490 653.28 654.61 655.95 657.28 658.61 659.95 661.28 662.61 663.95 665.28
500 666.61 667.95 669.28 670.61 671.94 673.Z8 674.61 675.94 677.28 678.61
(mmHg)n .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb .13 .27 .40 .53 .67 .80 .93 1.07 1.20
• Reproduced from - l'epl'oduit de - SMT 11
1 (mm Hg)n = 1.333224 mb (Table 3.8.1 - section (3) b).
IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 - 2 (

.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb (
500 666.61 666.75 666.88 667.01 667.15 66728 667.41 667.55 667.68 667.81
501 667.95 668.08 668.21 668.35 668.48 668.61 668.75 668.88 669.01 669.15
502 669.28 669.41 669.55 669.68 669.81 669.95 670.08 670.21 670.35 670.48
503 670.61 670.74 670.88 671.01 671.14 671.28 671.41 671.54 671.68 671.81
504 671.94 672.08 672.21 672.34 672.48 672.61 672.74 672.88 673.01 673.14 (
505 673.28 673.41 673.54 673.68 673.81 673.94 674.08 674.21 674.34 674.48
506 674.61 674.74 674.88 675.01 675.14 675.28 675.41 675.54 675.68 675.81
507 675.94 676.08 676.21 676.34 676.48 676.61 676.74 676.88 677.01 677.14
508 677.28 677.41 677.54 677.68 677.81 677.94 678.08 678.21 678.34 678.48 (
509 678.61 678.74 678.88 679.01 679.14 679.28 679.41 679.54 679.68 679.81
510 679.94 680.08 680.21 680.34 680.48 680.61 680.74 680.88 681.01 681.14
511 681.28 681.41 681.54 681.68 681.81 681.94 682.08 682.21 682.34 682.48
512 682.61 682.74 682.88 683.01 683.14 683.28 683.41 683.54 683.68 683.81
513 683.94 684.08 684.21 684.34 684.48 684.61 684.74 684.88 685.01 685.14
514 685.28 685.41 685.54 685.68 685.81 685.94 686.08 686.21 686.34 686.48
515
516
686.61
687.94
686.74
688.08
686.88
688.21
687.01
688.34
687.14
688.48
687.28
688.61
687.41
688.74
687.54
688.88
687.68
689.01
687.81
689.14
(
517 689.28 689.41 689.54 689.68 689.81 689.94 690.08 690.21 690.34 690.48
518 690.61 690.74 690.88 691.01 691.14 691.28 691.41 691.54 691.68 691.81
519 691.94 692.08 692.21 692.34 692.48 692.61 692.74 692.88 693.01 693.14
520 693.28 693.41 693.54 693.68 693.81 693.94 694.08 694.21 694.34
(
694.48
521 694.61 694.74 694.88 695.01 695.14 695.28 695.41 695.54 695.68 695.81
522 695.94 696.08 696.21 696.34 696.48 696.61 696.74 696.88 697.01 697.14
523 697.28 697.41 697.54 697.68 697.81 697.94 698.08 698.21 698.34 698.48
524 698.61 698.74 698.88 699.01 699.14 69928 699.41 699.54 699.68 699.81 (
525 699.94 700.08 700.21 700.34 700.48 700.61 700,74 700.88 701.01 701.14
526 701.28 701.41 701.54 701.68 701.81 701.94 702.118 702.21 702.34 702.48
527 702,61 702.74 702.88 703.01 703.14 703.28 703.41 703.54 703.68 703.81
528 703.94 704.08 704.21 704.34 704.48 704.61 704.74 704.88 705.01 705.14 (
529 705.28 705.41 705.54 705.68 705.81 705.94 706.08 706.21 706.34 706.48
530 706.61 706.74 706.88 707.01 707.14 707.28 707.41 707.54 707.68 707.81
531 707.94 708.08 708.21 708.34 708.48 708.61 708.74 708.88 709.01 709.14
532 709.28 709.41 709.54 709.68 709.81 709.94 710.08 710.21 710.34 71M8 {
533 710.61 710.74 710.88 711.01 711.14 711.28 711.41 711.54 711.67 711.81
534 711.94 712.07 71~.21 712.34 712.47 712.61 712.74 712.87 713.01 713.14
535 713.27 713.41 713.54 713.67 713.81 713.94 714.07 714.21 714.34 714.47
536 714.61 714.74 714.87 715.01 715.14 715.27 715.41 715.54 715.67 715.81 ~
537 715.94 716.07 716.21 716.34 716.47 716.61 716.74 716.87 717.01 717.14
538 717.27 717.41 717.54 717.67 717.81 717.94 718.07 718.21 718.34 718.47
539 718.61 718.74 718.87 719.01 719.14 719.27 719.41 719.54 719.67 719.81
540 719.94 720.07 720.21 720.34 720.47 720;61 720.74 720.87 721.01 721.14
(
541 721.27 721.41 721.54 721.67 721.81 721.94 722.07 722.21 722.34 722.47
542 722.61 722.74 722.87 723.01 723.14 723.27 723.41 723.54 723.67 723.81
543 723.94 724.07 724.21 724.34 724.47 724.61 724.74 724.87 725.01 725.14
544 725.27 725.41 725.54 725.67 725.81 725.94 726.07 726.21 726.34 726.47 {
545 726.61 726.74 726.87 727.01 727.14 727.27 727.41 727.54 727.67 727.81
S46 727.94 728.07 728.21 728.34 728.47 728.61 728.74 728.87 729.01 729.14
547 729.27 729.41 729.54 729.67 729.81 729.94 730.07 730.21 730.34 730.47
548 730.61 730.74 730.87 731.01 731.14 731.27 731.41 731.54 731.67 731.81 (
549 731.94 732.07 732.21 732.34 732.47 732.61 732.74 732.87 733.01 733.14
550 733.27 733.41 733.54 733.67 733.81 733.94 734.07 73421 734.34 734.47
(mm Hg)n
mb
.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12
(

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 - 3

(mmHg)n .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb mb mb mb ",b mb mb mb mb mb
550 733.27 733.41 733.54 733.67 733.81 733.94 734.07 734.21 734.34 734.47
551 734.61 734.74 734.87 735.01 735.14 735.27 735.41 735.54 735.67 735.81
552 735.94 736.07 736.21 736.34 736.47 736.61 736.74 736.87 737.01 737.14
553 737.27 737.41 737.54 737.67 737.81 737.94 738.07 738.21 738.34 738.47
554 738.61 738.74 738.87 739.01 739.14 739.27 739.41 739.54 739.67 739.81
555 739.94 740.07 740.21 740.34 740.47 740.61 740.74 740.87 741.01 741.14
556 741.27 741.41 741.54 741.67 741.81 741.94 742.07 74221 742.34 742.47
557 742.61 742.74 742.87 743.01 743.14 743.27 743.41 743.54 743.67 743.81
558 743.94 744.07 744.21 744.34 744.47 744.61 744.74 744.87 745.01 745.14
559 74527 745.41 745.54 745.67 745.81 745.94 746.07 74621 746.34 746.47
560 746.61 746.74 746.87 747.01 747.14 747.27 747.41 747.54 747.67 747.81
561 747.94 748.07 748.21 748.34 748.47 748.61 748.74 748.87 749.01 749.14
562 749.27 749.41 749.54 749.67 749.81 749.94 750.07 750.21 750.34 750.47
563 750.61 750.74 750.87 751.01 751.14 751.27 751.41 751.54 751.67 751.81
564 751.94 752.07 752.20 752.34 752.47 752.60 752.74 752.87 753.00 753.14
565 753.27 753.40 753.54 753.67 753.80 753.94 754.07 754.20 754.34 754.47
566 754.60 754.74 754.87 755.00 755.14 755.27 755.40 755.54 755.67 755.80
567 755.94 756.07 756.20 756.34 756.47 756.60 756.74 756.87 757.00 757.14
568 757.27 757.40 757.54 757.67 757.80 757.94 758.07 758.20 758.34 758.47
569 758.60 758.74 758.87 759.00 759.14 759.27 759.40 759.54 759.67 759.80
570 759.94 760.07 760.20 760.34 760.47 760.60 760.74 760.87 761.00 761.14
571 761.27 761.40 761.54 761.67 761.80 761.94 762.07 762.20 762.34 762.47
572 762.60 762.74 762.87 763.00 763.14 763.27 763.40 763.54 763.67 763.80
573 763.94 764.07 764.20 764.34 764.47 764.60 764.74 764.87 765.00 765.14
574 765.27 765.40 765.54 765.67 765.80 765.94 766.07 766.20 766.34 766.47
575 766.60 766.74 766.87 767.00 767.14 767.27 767.40 767.54 767.67 767.80
576 767.94 768.07 768.20 768.34 768.47 768.60 768.74 768.87 769.00 769.14
577 769.27 769.40 769.54 769.67 769.80 769.94 770.07 770.20 770.34 770.47
578 770.60 770.74 770.87 771.00 771.14 771.27 771.40 771.54 771.67 771.80
579 771.94 772.07 772.20 772.34 772.47 772.60 772.74 772.87 773.00 773.14
580 773.27 7.73.40 773.54 773.67 773.80 773.94 774.07 774.20 774.34 774.47
581 774.60 774.74 774.87 775.00 775.14 775.27 775.40 775.54 775.67 775.80
582 775.94 776.07 776.20 776.34 776.47 776.60 776.74 776.87 777.00 777.14
583 777.27 777.40 777.54 777.67 777.80 777.94 778.07 778.20 778.34 778.47
584 778.60 778.74 778.87 779.00 779.14 779.27 779.40 779.54 779.67 779.80
585 779.94 780.07 780.20 780.34 780.47 780.60 780.74 780.87 781.00 781.14
586 781.27 781.40 781.54 781.67 781.80 781.94 782.07 782.20 782.34 782.47
587 782.60 782.74 782.87 783.00 783.14 783.27 783.40 783.54 783.67 783.80
588 783.94 784.07 784.20 784.34 784.47 784.60 784.74 784.87 785.00 785.14
589 785.27 785.40 785.54 785.67 785.80 785.94 786.07 786.20 786.34 786.47
590 786.60 786.74 786.87 787.00 787.14 787.27 787.40 787.54 787.67 787.80
591 787.94 788.07 788.20 788.34 788.47 788.60 788.74 788.87 789.00 789.14
592 789.27 789.40 789.54 789.67 789.80 789.94 790.07 790.20 790.34 790.47
593 790.60 790.74 790.87 791.00 791.14 791.27 791.40 791.54 791.67 791.80
594 791.94 792.07 792.20 792.34 792.47 792.60 792.73 792.87 793.00 793.13
595 793.27 793.40 793.53 793.67 793.80 793.93 794.07 794.20 794.33 794.47
596 794.60 794.73 794.87 795.00 795.13 795.27 795.40 795.53 795.67 795.80
597 795.93 796.07 796.20 ·796.33 796.47 796.60 796.73 796.87 797.00 797.13
598 797.27 797.40 797.53 797.67 797.80 797.93 798.07 798.20 798.33 798.47
599 798.60 798.73 798.87 799.00 799.13 799.27 799.40 799.53 799.67 799.80
600 799.93 BOO.07 800.20 800.33 800.47 800.60 800.73 800.87 801.00 801.13
(mmHg)n .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
mb .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12

IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 - 4 (

(mmHg)n .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb (
600 799.93 800.07 800.20 800.33 800.47 800.60 800.73 800;87 801.00 801.13
601 801.27 801.40 801.53 801.67 801.80 801.93 802.07 802.20 802.33 802.47
602 802.60 802.73 802.87 803.00 803.13 803.27 803.40 803.53 803.67 803.80
603 803.93 804.07 804.20 804.33 804.47 804.60 804.73 804.87 805.00 805.13
604 805.27 805.40 805.53 805.67 805.80 805.93 806.07 806.20 806.33 806.47 (
605 806.60 806.73 806.87 807.00 807.13 807.27 807.40 807.53 807.67 807.80
606 807.93 808.07 808.20 808.33 808.47 808.60 808.73 808.87 809.00 809.13
607 809.27 809.40 809.53 809.67 809.80 809.93 810.07 810.20 810.33 810.47
608 810.60 810.73 810.87 811.00 811.13 811.27 811.40 811.53 811.67 811.80 (,
609 811.93 812.07 812.20 812.33 812.47 812.60 812.73 812.87 813.00 813.13
610
611
612
613
614
813.27
814.60
815.93
817.27
818.60
813.40
814.73
816.07
817.40
818.73
813.53
814.87
816.20
817.53
818.87
813.67
815.00
816.33
817.67
819.00
813.80
815.13
816.47
817.80
819.13
813.93
815.27
816.60
817.93
819.27
814.07
815.40
816.73
818.07
819.40
814.20
815.53
816.87
818.20
819.53
814.33
815.67
817.00
818.33
819.67
814.47
815.80
817.13
818.47
819.80
,
615 819.93 820.07 820.20 820.33 820.47 820.60 820.73 820.87 821.00 821.13
616 821.27 821.40 821.53 821.67 821.80 821.93 822.07 822.20 822.33 822.47 (
617 822.60 822.73 822.87 823.00 823.13 823.27 823.40 823.53 823.67 823.80
618 823.93 824.07 824.20 824.33 824.47 824.60 824.73 824.87 825.00 825.13
619 825.27 825.40 825.53 825.67 825.80 825.93 826.07 826.20 826.33 826.47
620 826.60 826.73 826.87 827.00 827.13 827.27 827.40 827.53 827.67 827.80 (
621 827.93 828.07 828.20 828.33 828.47 828.60 828.73 828.87 829.00 829.13
622 829.27 829.40 829.53 829.67 829.80 829.93 830.07 830.20 830.33 830.47
623 830.60 830.73 830.87 831.00 831.13 831.27 831.40 831.53 831.67 831.80
624 831.93 832.07 832.20 832.33 832.47 832.60 832.73 832.87 833.00 833.13 (
625 833.27 833.40 833.53 833.66 833.80 833.93 834.06 834.20 834.33 834.46
626 834.60 834.73 834.86 835.00 835.13 835.26 835.40 835.53 835.66 835.80
627 835.93 836.06 836.20 836.33 836.46 836.60 836.73 836.86 837.00 837.13
628
629
837.26
838.60
837.40
838.73
837.53
838.86
837.66
839.00
837.80
839.13
837.93
839.26
838.06
839.40
838.20
839.53
838.33
839.66
838.46
839.80
(
630 839.93 .840.06 840.20 840.33 840.46 840.60 840.73 840.86 841.00 841.13
631 841.26 841.40 841.53 841.66 841.80 841.93 842.06 842.20 842.33 842.46
632
633
842.60
843.93
842.73
844.06
842.86
844.20
843.00
844.33
843.13
844.46
843.26
844.60
843.40
844.73
843.53
844.86
843.66
845.00
843.80
845.13
{
634 845.26 845.40 845.53 845.66 845.80 845.93 846.06 846.20 846.33 846.46
635 846.60 846.73 846.86 847.00 847.13 847.26 847.40 847.53 847.66 847.80
636 847.93 848.06 848.20 848.33 848.46 848.60 848.73 848.86 849.00 849.13 (
637 849.26 849.40 849.53 849.66 849.80 849.93 850.06 850.20 850.33 850.46
638 850.60 850.73 850.86 851.00 851.13 851.26 851.40 851.53 851.66 851.80
639 851.93 852.06 852.20 852.33 852.46 852.60 852.73 852.86 853.00 853.13
640 853.26 853.40 853.53 853.66 853.80 853.93 854.06 854.20 854.33 854.46 (
641 854.60 854.73 854.86 855.00 855.13 855.26 855.40 855.53 855.66 855.80
642 855.93 856.06 856.20 856.33 856.46 856.60 856.73 856.86 857.00 857.13
643 857.26 857.40 857.53 857.66 857.80 857.93 858.06 858.20 858.33 858.46
644 858.60 858.73 858.86 859.00 859.13 859.26 859.40 859.53 859.66 859.80
(
645 859.93 860.06 860.20 860.33 860.46 860.60 860.73 860.86 861.00 861.13
646 861.26 861.40 861.53 861.66 861.80 861.93 862.06 862.20 862.33 862.46
647 862.60 862.73 862.86 863.00 863.13 86326 863.40 863.53 863.66 863.80
648 863.93 864.06 864.20 864.33 864.46 864.60 864.73 864.86 865.00 865.13
649 865.26 865.40 865.53 865.66 865.80 865.93 866.06 866.20 866.33 866.46
(
650 866.60 866.73 866.86 867.00 867.13 867.26 867.40 867.53 867.66 867.80
(mm Hg)n .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
mb .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12 (

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 - 5

(mm Hg)u .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
650 866.60 866.73 866.86 867.00 867.13 867.26 867.40 867.53 867.66 867.80
651 867.93 868.06 868.20 868.33 868.46 868.60 868.73 868.86 869.00 869.13
652 869.26 869.40 869.53 869.66 869.80 869.93 870.06 870.20 870.33 870.46
653 870.60 870.73 870.86 871.00 871.13 871.26 871.40 871.53 871.66 871.80
654 871.93 872.06 872.20 872.33 872.46 872.60 872.73 872.86 873.00 873.13
655 873.26 873.40 873.53 873.66 873.80 873.93 874.06 874.19 874.33 874.46
656 874.59 874.73 874.86 874.99 875.13 87526 875.39 875.53 875.66 875.79
657 875.93 876.06 876.19 876.33 876.46 876.59 876.73 876.86 876.99 877.13
658 877.26 877.39 877.53 877.66 877.79 877.93 878.06 878.19 878.33 878.46
659 878.59 878.73 878.86 878.99 879.13 879.26 879.39 879.53 879.66 879.79
660 879.93 880.06 880.19 880.33 880.46 880.59 880.73 880.86 880.99 881.13
661 881.26 881.39 881.53 881.66 881.79 881.93 882.06 882.19 882.33 882.46
662 882.59 882.73 882.86 882.99 883.13 883.26 883.39 883.53 883.66 883.79
663 883.93 884.06 884.19 884.33 884.46 884.59 884.73 884.86 884.99 885.13
664 885.26 885.39 885.53 885.66 885.79 885.93 886.06 886.19 886.33 886.46
665 886.59 886.73 886.86 886.99 887.13 887.26 887.39 887.53 887.66 887.79
666 887.93 888.06 888.19 888.33 888.46 888.59 888.73 888.86 888.99 889.13
667 889.26 889.39 889.53 889.66 889.79 889.93 890.06 890.19 890.33 890.46
668 890.59 890.73 890.86 890.99 891.13 891.26 891.39 891.53 891.66 891.79
669 891.93 892.06 892.19 892.33 892.46 892.59 892.73 892.86 892.99 893.13
670 893.26 893.39 893.53 893.66 893.79 893.93 894.06 894.19 894.33 894.46
671 894.59 894.73 894.86 894.99 895.13 895.26 895.39 895.53 895.66 895.79
672 895.93 896.06 896.19 896.33 896.46 896.59 896.73 896:86 896.99 897.13
673 897.26 897.39 897.53 897.66 897.79 897.93 898.06 898.19 898.33 898.46
674 898.59 898.73 898.86 898.99 899.13 899.26 899.39 899.53 899.66 899.79
675 899.93 900.06 900.19 900.33 900.46 900.59 900.73 900.86 900.99 901.13
676 901.26 901.39 901.53 901.66 901.79 901.93 902.06 902.19 902.33 902.46
677 902.59 902.73 902.86 902.99 903.13 903.26 903.39 903.53 903.66 903.79
678 903.93 904.06 904.19 904.33 904.46 904.59 904.73 904.86 904.99 905.13
679 90526 905.39 905.53 905.66 905.79 905.93 906.06 906.19 906.33 906.46
680 906.59 906.73 906.86 906.99 907.13 907.26 907.39 907.53 907.66 907.79
681 907.93 908.06 908.19 908.33 908.46 908.59 908.73 908.86 908.99 909.13
682 909.26 909.39 909.53 909.66 909.79 909.93 910.06 910.19 910.33 910.46
683 910.59 910.73 910.86 910.99 911.13 911.26 911.39 911.53 911.66 911.79
684 911.93 912.06 912.19 912.33 912.46 912.59 912.73 912.86 912.99 913.13
685 913.26 913.39 913.53 913.66 913.79 913.93 914.06 914.19 914.33 914.46
686 914.59 914.72 914.86 914.99 915.12 915.26 915.39 915.52 915.66 915.79
687 915.92 916.06 916.19 916.32 916.46 916.59 916.72 916.86 916.99 917.12
688 917.26 917.39 917.52 917.66 917.79 917.92 918.06 918.19 918.32 918.46
689 918.59 918.72 918.86 918.99 919.12 919.26 919.39 919.52 919.66 919.79
690 919.92 920.06 920.19 920.32 920.46 920.59 920.72 920.86 920.99 921.12
691 921.26 921.39 921.52 921.66 921.79 921.92 922.06 922.19 922.32 922.46
692 922.59 922.72 922.86 922.99 923.12 923.26 923.39 923.52 923.66 923.79
693 923.92 924.06 924.19 924.32 924.46 924.59 924.72 924.86 924.99 925.12
694 925.26 925.39 925.52 925.66 925.79 925.92 926.06 926.19 926.32 926.46
695 926.59 926.72 926.86 926.99 927.12 927.26 927.39 927.52 927.66 927.79
696 927.92 928.06 928.19 928.32 928.46 928.59 928.72 928.86 928.99 929.12
697 929.26 929.39 929.52 929.66 929.79 929.92 930.06 930.19 930.32 930.46
698 930.59 930.72 930.86 930.99 931.12 931.26 931.39 931.52 931.66 931.79
699 931.92 932.06 932.19 932.32 932.46 932.59 932.72 932.86 932.99 933.12
700 933.26 933.39 933.52 933.66 933.79 933.92 934.06 934.19 934.32 934.46
(mroHg)n .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
rob .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12

IV.1968
 (
TABLE 1.2 - 6

(mmHg)n .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb t
700 933.26 933.39 933.52 933.66 933.79 933.92 934.06 934.19 934.32 934.46
701 934.59 934.72 934.86 934.99 935.12 935.26 935.39 935.52 935.66 935.79
702 935.92 936.06 936.19 936.32 936.46 936.59 936.72 936.86 936.99 937.12
. 703 937.26 937.39 937.52 937.66 937.79 937.92 938.06 938.19 938.32 938.46
704 938.59 938.72 938.86 938.99 939.12 939.26 939.39 939.52 939.66 939.79 (
705 939.92 940.06 940.19 940.32 940.46 940.59 940.72 940.86 940.99 941.12
706 94126 941.39 941.52 941.66 941.79 941.92 942.06 942.19 942.32 942.46
707 942.59 942.72 942.86 942.99 943.12 943.26 943.39 943.52 943.66 943.79 (,
708 943.92 944.06 944.19 944.32 944.46 944.59 944.72 944.86 944.99 945.12

,
709 945.26 945.39 945.52 945.66 945.79 945.92 946.06 946.19 946.32 946.46
710 946.59 946.72 946.86 946.99 947.12 947.26 947.39 947.52 947.66 947.79
711 947.92 948.06 948.19 948.32 948.46 948.59 948.72 948.86 948.99 949.12
712 949.26 949.39 949.52 949.66 949.79 949.92 950.06 950.19 950.32 950.46
713 950.59 950.72 950.86 950.99 951.12 951.26 951.39 951.52 951.66 951.79
714 951.92 952.06 952.19 952.32 952.46 952.59 952.72 952.86 952.99 953.12
7lS
716
953.26
954.59
953.39
954.72
953.52
954.86
953.66
954.99
953.79
955.12
953.92
955.25
954.06
955.39
954.19
955.52
954.32
955.65
954.46
955.79
(
717 955.92 956.05 956.19 956.32 956.45 956.59 956.72 956.85 956.99 957.12
718 957.25 957.39 957.52 957.65 957.79 957.92 958.05 958.19 958.32 958.45
719 958.59 958.72 958.85 958.99 959.12 959.25 959.39 959.52 959.65 959.79 (
720 959.92 960.05 960.19 960.32 960.45 960.59 960.72 960.85 960.99 961.12
z
721 961.25 961.39 961.52 961.65 961.79 961.92 962.05 962.19 %2.32 962.45
722 96~.59 962.72 962.85 962.99 963.12 963.25 963.39 963.52 963.65 963.79
723 963.92 964.05 964.19 964.32 964.45 964.59 964.72 964.85 964.99 965.12
724 965.25 965.39 965.52 965.65 965.79 965.92 966.05 966.19 966.32 966.45 (
725 966.59 966.72 966.85 966.99 967.12 967.25 967.39 967.52 967.65 967.79
726 967.92 968.05 968.19 968.32 968.45 968.59 968.72 968.85 968.99 969.12
727 969.25 969.39 969.52 969.65 969.79 969.92 970.05 970.19 970.32 970.45
728 970.59 970.72 970.85 970.99 971.12 971.25 971.39 971.52 971.65 971.79 (
729 971.92 972.05 972.19 972.32 972.45 972.59 972.72 972.85 972.99 973.12
730 97325 973.39 973.52 973.65 973.79 973.92 974.05 974.19 974.32 974.45
731 974.59 974.72 974.85 974.99 975.12 975.25 975.39 975.52 975.65 975.79
732 975.92 976.05 976.19 976.32 976.45 976.59 976.72 976.85 976.99 977.12 (
733 977.25 977.39 977.52 977.65 977.79 977.92 978.05 978.19 978.32 978.45
734 978.59 978.72 978.85 978.99 979.12 979.25 979.39 979.52 979.65 979.79
735 979.92 980.05 980.19 980.32 980.45 980.59 980.72 980.85 980.99 981.12 (
736 981.25 981.39 981.52 981.65 981.79 981.92 982.05 982.19 982.32 982.45
737 982.59 982.72 982.85 982.99 983.12 983.25 983.39 983.52 983.65 983.79
738 983.92 984.05 984.19 984.32 984.45 984.59 984.72 984.85 984.99 985.12
739 985.25 985.39 985.52 985.65 985.79 985.92 986.05 986.19 986.32 986.45
740 986.59 986.72 986.85 986.99 987.12 987.25 987.39 987.52 987.65 987.79
741 987.92 988.05 988.19 988.32 988.45 988.59 988.72 988.85 988.99 989.12
742 989.25 989.39 989.52 989.65 989.79 989.92 990.05 990.19 990.32 990.45
743 990.59 990.72 990.85 990.99 991.12 991.25 991.39 991.52 991.65 991.79
744 991.92 992.05 992.19 992.32 992.45 992.59 992.72 992:85 992.99 993.12 (
745 993.25 993.39 993.52 993.65 993.79 993.92 994.05 994.19 994.32 994.45
746 994.59 994.72 994.85 994.99 995.12 995.25 995.39 995.52 995.65 995.79
747 995.92 996.05 996.18 996.32 996.45 996.58 996.72 996.85 996.98 997.12
748 997.25 997.38 997.52 997.65 997.78 997.92 998.05 998.18 998.32 998.45 (
749 998.58 998.72 998.85 998.98 999.12 999.25 999.38 999.52 999.65 999.78
750 999.92 1000.05 1000.18 1000.32 looQ.45 1000.58 1000.72 1000.85 1000.98 1001.12
(mm Hg)n
rob
.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12
(

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 - 7

(mm Hg)n.O .1 .2 .3 .4 J ~ 2 ~ 9
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
750 999.92 1000.05 1000.18 1000.32 1000.45 1000.58 1000.72 1000.85 1000.98 1001.12
751 1001.25 1001.38 1001.52 1001.65 1001.78 1001.92 1002.05 1002.18 1002.32 1002.45
752 1002.58 1002.72 1002.85 1002.98 1003.12 1003.25 1003.38 1003.52 1003.65 1003.78
753 1003.92 1004.05 1004.18 1004.32 1004.45 1004.58 1004.72 1004.85 1004.98 1005.12
754 1005.25 1005.38 1005.52 1005.65 1005.78 1005.92 1006.05 1006.18 1006.32 1006.45
755 1006.58 1006.72 1006.85 1006.98 1007.12 1007.25 1007.38 1007.52 1007.65 1007.78
756 1007.92 1008.05 1008.18 1008.32 1008.45 1008.58 1008.72 1008.85 1008.98 1009.12
757 1009.25 1009.38 1009.52 1009.65 1009.78 1009.92 1010.05 1010.18 1010.32 1010.45
758 1010.58 1010.72 1010.85 1010.98 1011.12 1011.25 1011.38 1011.52 1011.65 1011.78
759 1011.92 1012.05 1012.18 1012.32 1012.45 1012.58 1012.72 1012.85 1012.98 1013.12
760 1013.25 1013.38 1013.52 1013.65 1013.78 1013.92 1014.05 1014.18 1014.32 1014.45
761 1014.58 1014.72 1014.85 1014.98 1015.12 1015.25 1015.38 1015.52 1015.65 1015.78
762 1015.92 1016.05 1016.18 1016.32 1016.45 1016.58 1016.72 1016.85 1016.98 1017.12
763 1017.25 1017.38 1017.52 1017.65 1017.78 1017.92 1018.05 1018.18 1018.32 1018.45
764 1018.58 1018.72 1018.85 1018.98 1019.12 1019.25 1019.38 1019.52 1019.65 1019.78
765 1019.92 1020.05 1020.18 1020.32 1020.45 1020.58 1020.72 1020.85 1020.98 1021.12
766 1021.25 1021.38 1021.52 1021.65 1021.78 1021.92 1022.05 1022.18 1022.32 1022.45
767 1022.58 1022.72 1022.85 1022.98 1023.12 1023.25 1023.38 1023.52 1023.65 1023.78
768 1023.92 1024.05 1024.18 1024.32 1024.45 1024.58 1024.72 1024.85 1024.98 1025.12
769 1025.25 1025.38 1025.52 1025.65 1025.78 1025.92 1026.05 1026.18 1026.32 1026.45
770 1026.58 1026.72 1026.85 1026.98 1027.12 1027.25 1027.38 1027.52 1027.65 1027.78
771 1027.92 1028.05 1028.18 1028.32 1028.45 1028.58 1028.72 1028.85 1028.98 1029.12
772 1029.25 1029.38 1029.52 1029.65 1029.78 1029.92 1030.05 1030.18 1030.32 1030.45
773 1030.58 1030.72 1030.85 1030.98 1031.12 1031.25 1031.38 1031.52 1031.65 1031.78
774 1031.92 1032.05 1032.18 1032.32 1032.45 1032.58 1032.72 1032.85 1032.98 1033.12
775 1033.25 1033.38 1033.52 1033.65 1033.78 1033.92 1034.05 1034.18 1034.32 1034.45
776 1034.58 1034.72 1034.85 1034.98 1035.12 1035.25 1035.38 1035.52 1035.65 1035.78
777 1035.92 1036.05 1036.18 1036.32 1036.45 1036.58 1036.71 1036.85 1036.98 1037.11
778 1037.25 1037.38 1037.51 1037.65 1037.78 1037.91 1038.05 1038.18 1038.31 1038.45
779 1038.58 1038.71 1038.85 1038.98 1039.11 1039.25 1039.38 1039.51 1039.65 1039.78
780 1039.91 1040.05 1040.18 1040.31 1040.45 1040.58 1040.71 1040.85 1040.98 1041.11
781 1041.25 1041.38 1041.51 1041.65 1041.78 1041.91 1042.05 1042.18 1042.31 1042.45
782 1042.58 1042.71 1042.85 1042.98 1043.il 1043.25 1043.38 1043.51 1043.65 1043.78
783 1043.91 1044.05 1044.18 1044,31 1044.45 1044.58 1044.71 1044.85 1044.98 1045.11
784 1045.25 1045.38 1045.51 1045.65 1045.78 1045.91 1046.05 1046.18 1046.31 1046.45
785 1046.58 1046.71 1046.85 1046.98 1047.11 1047.25 1047.38 1047.51 1047.65 1047.78
786 1047.91 1048.05 1048.18 1048.31 1048.45 1048.58 1048.71 1048.85 1048.98 1049.11
787 1049.25 1049.38 1049.51 1049.65 1049.78 1049.91 1050.05 1050.18 1050.31 1050.45
788 1050.58 1050.71 1050.85 1050.98 1051.11 1051.25 1051.38 1051.51 1051.65 1051.78
789 1051.91 1052.05 1052.18 1052.31 1052.45 1052.58 1052.71 1052.85 1052.98 1053.11
790 1053.25 1053.38 1053.51 1053.65 1053.78 1053.91 1054.05 1054.18 1054.31 1054.45
791 1054.58 1054.71 1054.85 1054.98 1055.11 1055.25 1055.38 Hl55.51 1055.65 1055.78
792 1055.91 1056.05 1056.18 1056.31 1056.45 1056.58 1056.71 1056.85 1056.98 1057.11
793 1057.25 1057.38 1057.51 1057.65 1057.78 1057.91 1058.05 1058.18 1058.31 1058.45
794 1058.58 1058.71 1058.85 1058.98 1059.11 1059.25 1059.38 1059.51 1059.65 1059.78
795 1059.91 1060.05 1060.18 1060.31 1060.45 1060.58 1060.71 1060.85 1060.98 1061.11
796 1061.25 1061.38 1061.51 1061.65 1061.78 1061.91 1062.05 1062.18 1062.31 1062.45
797 1062.58 1062.71 1062.85 1062.98 1063.11 1063.25 1063.38 1063.51 1063.65 1063.78
798 1063.91 1064.05 1064.18 1064.31 1064.45 1064.58 1064.71 1064.85 1064.98 1065.11
799 1065.25 1065.38 1065.51 1065.65 1065.78 1065.91 1066.05 1066.18 1066.31 1066.45
800 1066.58 1066.71 1066.85 1066.98 1067.11 1067.25 1067.38 1067.51 1067.65 1067.78
(mm Hg)n .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
mb .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12

IV.1968
 TABLE 1.2 ~ 8
(

(mm Rg)n .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 J ~ ~ ~ S
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb (
-800 1066.58 1066.71 1066.85 1066.98 1067.11 1067.25 1067.38 1067.51 1067.65 1067.78
801 1067.91 1068.05 1068.18 1068.31 1068.45 1068.58 1068.71 1068.85 1068.98 1069.11
802 1069.25 1069.38 1069.51 1069.65 1069.78 1069.91 1070.05 1070.18 1070.31 1070.45
803 1070.58 1070.71 1070.85 1070.98 1071.11 1071.25 1071.38 1071.51 1071.65 1071.78
804 1071.91 1072.05 1072.18 1072.31 1072.45 1072.58 1072.71 1072.85 1072.98, 1073.11 (
80S 1073.25 1073.38 1073.51 1073.65 1073,78 1073.91 1074.05 1074.18 1074.31 1074.45
806 1074.58 1074.71 1074.85 1074.98 1075.11 107525 1075.38 1075.51 1075.65 1075.78
807 1075.91 1076.05 1076.18 1076.31 1076.45 1076.58 1076.71 1076.85 1076.98 1077.11
808 1077.24 1077.38 1077.51 1077.64 1077.78 1077.91 1078.04 1078.18 1078.31 1078.44 (
809 1078.58 1078.71 1078.84 1078.98 1079.11 1079.24 1079.38 1079.51 1079.64 1079.78
810 1079.91 1080.04 1080.18 1080.31 1080.44 1080.58 1080.71 1080.84 1080.98 1081.11
811 1081.24 1081.38 1081.51 1081.64 1081.78 1081.91 1082.04 1082.18 1082.31 1082.44
812 1082.58 1082.71 1082.84 1082.98 1083.11 1083.24 1083.38 1083.51 1083.64 1083.78
813 1083.91 1084.04 1084.18 1084.31 1084.44 1084.58 1084.71 1084.84 1084.98 1085.11
814 1085.24 1085.38 1085.51 1085.64 1085.78 1085.91 1086.04 1086.18 1086.31 1086.44
1087.24 1087.38 1087.51 1087.64 1087.78
815
816
1086.58
1087.91
1086.71
1088.04
1086.84
1088.18
1086.98
1088.31
1087.11
1088.44 1088.58 1088.71 1088.84 1088.98 1089.11 (
817 1089.24 1089.38 1089.51 1089.64 1089.78 1089.91 1090.04 1090.18 1090.31 1090.44
818 1090.58 1090.71 1090.84 1090.98 1091.11 1091.24 1091.38 1091.51 1091.64 1091.78
819 1091.91 1092.04 1092.18 1092.31 1092.44 1092.58 1092.71 1092.84 1092.98 1093.11
820 1093.24 1093.38 1093.51 1093.64 1093.78 1093.91 1094.04. 1094.18 1094.31 1094.44
821 1094.58 1094.71 1094.84 1094.98 1095.11 1095.24 1095.38 1095.51 1095.64 1095.78
822 1095.91 1096.04 1096.18 1096.31 1096.44 1096.58 1096.71 1096.84 1096.98 1097.11
823 1097.24 1097.38 1097.51 1097.64 1097.78 1097.91 1098.04 1098.18 1098.31 1098.44
824 1098.58 1098.71 1098.84 1098.98 1099.11 1099.24 1099.38 1099.51 1099.64 1099.78 (
825 1099.91 1100.04 1100.18 1100.31 1100.44 1100.58 1100.71 1100.84 1100.98 1101.11
826 1101.24 1101.38 1101.51 1101.64 1101.78 1101.91 1102.04 1102.18 1102.31 1102.44
827 1102.58 1102.71 1102.84 1102.98 1103.11 1103.24 1103.38 1103.51 1103.64 1103.78
828
829
1103.91
1105.24
1104.04
1105.38
1104.18
1105.51
1104.31 1104.44
1105.64 1105.78
1104.58
1105.91
1104.71
1106.04
1104.84
1106.18
1104.98
1106.31
1105.11
1106.44
(
830 1106.58 1106.71 1106.84 1106.98 1107.11 1107.24 1107.38 1107.51 1107.64 1107.78
831 1107.91 1108.04 1108.18 1108.31 1108.44 1108.58 1108.71 1108.84 1108.98 1109.11
832
833
1109.24
1110.58
1109.38
1110.71
1109.51
1ll0.84
1109.64
1110.98
1109:78
1111.11
1109.91
1111.24
1110.04
1111.38
1110.18
1111.51
1110.31
1111.64
1ll0.44
1111.78
(
834 1111.91 1112.04 1112.18 1112.31 1112.44 1112.58 1112.71 1112.84 1112.98 1113.11
835 1113.24 1113.38 1113.51 1113.64 1113.78 1113.91 1114.04 1114.18 1114.31 1114.44
836 1114.58 1114.71 1114.84 1114.98 1115.11 1115.24 1115.38 1115.51 1115.64 1115.78 (
837 1115.91 1116.04 1116.18. 1116.31 1116.44 1116.58 1116.71 1116.841116.98 1117.11
838 1117.24 1117.38 1117.51 1117.64 1117.78 1117.91 1118.04 1118.17 1118.31 1118.44
839 1118.57 1118.71 1118,84 1118.97 1119.11 1119.24 1119.37 1119.51 1119.64 1119.77
840 1119.91 1120.04 1120.17 1120.31 1120.44 1120.57 1120.71 1120.84 1120.97 1121.11 (
841 1121.24 1121.37 1121.51 1121.64 1121.77 1121.91 1122.04 1122.17 1122.31 1122.44
842 1122.57 1122.71 1122.84 1122.97 1123.11 1123.24 1123.37 1123.51 1123.64 1123.77
843 1123.91 1124.04 1124.17 1124.31 1124.44 1124.57 1124.71 1124.84 1124.97 1125.11
844 1125.24 1125.37 1125.51 1125.64 1125.77 1125.91 1126.04 1126.17 1126.31 1126.44
845 1126.57 1126.71 1126.84 1126.97 1127.11 1127.24 1127.37 1127.51 1127.64 1127.77
846 1127.91 1128.04 1128.17 1128.31 1128.44 1128.57 1128.71 1128.84 1128.97 1129.11
847 1129.24 1129.37 1129.51 1129.64 1129.77 1129.91 1130.04 1130.17 1130.31 1130.44
848 1130.57 1130.71 1130.84 1130.97 1131.11 1131.24 1131.37 1131.51 1131.64 1131.77 (
849 1131.91 1132.04 1132.17 1132.31 1132.44 1132.57 1132.71 1132.84 1132.97 1133.11
850 1133.24 1133.37 1133.51 1133.64 1133.77 1133.91 1134.04 1134.17 1134.31 1134.44
(mm Rg)n .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
rob .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 .11 .12 (

(
IV. 1968
 TABLE 1.3 - 1

Table 1.3.1 Conversion of knots into m S-l and km h-1

Conversion des namds en m 8-1 et km h-1

Knots
namds
ms~l
kmh-
l
I Knots
nreuds
ms-1 kmh-l Knots
namds
ms-1 kmh-l

1 .51 1.85 41 21.09 75.93 81 41.67 150.01

2 1.03 3.70 42 21.61 77.78 82 42.19 151.86
3 1.54 5.56 43 22.12 79.64 83 42.70 153.72
4 2.06 7.41 44 22.64 81.49 84 43.22 155.57
5 2.57 9.26 45 23.15 83.34 85 43.73 157.42

6 3.09 11.11 46 23.67 85.19 86 44.25 159.27

7 3.60 12.96 47 24.18 87.04 87 44.76 161.12
8 4.12 14.82 48 24.70 88.90 88 45.28 162.98
9 4.63 16.67 49 25.21 90.75 89 45.79 164.83
10 5.14 18.52 50 25.72 92.60 90 46.30 166.68

11 5.65 20.37 51 26.23 94.45 91 46.81 168.53

12 6.17 22.22 52 26.75 96.30 92 47.33 170.38
13 6.68 24.08 53 27.26 98.16 93 47.84 172.24
14 7.20 25.93 54 27.78 100.01 94 48.36 174.09
15 7.71 27.78 55 28.29 101.86 95 48.87 175.94

16 8.23 29.63 56 28.81 103.71 96 49.39 177.79

17 8.74 31.48 57 29.32 105.56 97 49.90 179.64
18 9.26 33.34 58 29.84 107.42 98 50.42 181.50
19 9.77 35.19 59 30.35 109.27 99 50.93 183.35
20 10.29 37.04 60 30.87 111.12 100 51.44 185.20

21 10.80 38.89 61 31.38 112.97 200 102.89 370.40

22 11.32 40.74 62 31.90 114.82
23 11.83 42.60 63 32.41 116.68 300 154.33 555.60
24 12.35 44.45 64 32.93 118.53
25 12.86 46.30 65 33.44 120.38 400 205.78 740.80

26 13.38 48.15 66 33.96 122.23 500 257.22 926.00

27 13.89 50.00 67 34.47 124.08
28 14.41 51.86 68 34.99 125.94
29 14.92 53.71 69 35.50 127.79
30 15.43 55.56 70 36.01 129.64

31 15.94 57.41 71 36.52 131.49

32 16.46 59.26 72 37.04 133.34
33 16.97 61.12 73 37.55 135.20
34 17.49 62.97 74 38.17 137.05
35 18.00 64.82 75 38.58 138.90

36 18.52 66.67 76 39.10 140.75

37 19.03 68.52 77 39.61 142.60
38 19.55 70.38 78 40.13 144.46
39 20.06 72.23 79 40.64 146.31
40 20.58 74.08 80 41.16 148.16

VII. 1973
 TABLE 2.2 - 1

Table 2.2 Beaufort wind scale

Echelle anemometrique Beaufort

Beaufort Equivalent speeds

scale Equivalence de v-itesse
Eehelle
Beaufort
ID s-l knots nceuds

number mean limits interval mean limits

ehiUre moyenne
I limi-tes
I intervalle moyenne limites

between lower upper

limits half half
entre les moitM moitic
limites injcrieure suplrieure

0 0.8 0- 1.3 - - 0.5 1 0- 2

1 2.0 1A- 2.7 1.3 0.6 0.7 4 3- 5
2 3.6 2.8- 4.5 1.7 0.8 0.9 7 6- 8
3 5.6 4.6- 6.6 2.0 1.0 1.0 11 9 -12
4 7.9 6.7 - 8.9 2.2 1.1 1.1 15 13 -16
5 10.2 9.0 -11.3 2.3 1.2 1.1 19 17 -21
6 12.6 11.4 -13.8 2A 1.2 1.2 24 22- 26
7 15.1 13.9 -16A 2.5 1.2 1.3 29 27 -31
8 17.8 16.5 -19.2 2.7 1.3 1.4 35 32-37
9 20.8 19.3 - 22.4 3.1 1.5 1.6 41 38-43
10 24.2 22.5 - 26.0 3.5 1.7 1.8 47 44- 50
11 28.0 26.1- 30.0 3.9 1.9 2.0 54 51-57
12 - ;:"'30.1 - 2.1 - - ;:",58

V.1966
 Table 2.3. 1. 1 Geostrophic wind: constant pressure surfaces - Contour interval of 40 gpm - Wind in m sec-1
Vent geostrophique: surfaces a pression constante - Intervalle de geopotentiel de 40 gpm -
Vent en m S-l
Contour spacing
Ecar!ement Latitude (degrees - degres)
des isohypses

Degrees
)f latitude
IJegres
rie laWude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 ~5

0.6 67 232.1 155.7 117.9 95.4 80.6 70.3 62.7 57.0 52.6 49.2 46.5 44.5 42.9 41.7 40.9 40.5
0.7 78 199.0 133.5 101.0 81.8 69.1 60.2 53.7 48.9 45.1 42.2 39.9 38.1 36.8 35.8 35.1 34.7
0.8 89 174.1 116.8 88.4 11.5 60.5 52.7 47.0 42.8 39.5 36.9 34.9 33.4 32.2 31.3 30.7 30.3
0.9 100 154.8 103.8 78.6 63.6 53.7 46.9 41.8 38.0 35.1 32.8 31.0 29.7 28.6 27.8 27.3 27.0

1.0 111 139.3 93.4 70.7 57.2 48.4 42.2 37.6 34.2 31.6 29.5 27.9 26.7 25.7 25.0 24.6 24.3
1.1 122 126.6 84.9 64.3 52.0 44.0 38.3 34.2 31.1 28.7 26.8 25.4 24.3 23.4 22.8 22.3 22.1
1.2 133 116.1 77.9 58.9 47.7 40.3 35.1 31.4 28.5 26.3 24.6 23.3 22.2 21.4 20.9 20.5 20.2
1.3
1.4
144
156
107.1
99.5
11.9
66.7
54.4
50.5
44.0
40.9
37.2
34.5
32.4
30.1
28.9
26.9
26.3
24.4
24.3
22.6
22.7
21.1
21.5
19.9
20.5
19.1
19.8
18.4
19.3
17.9
18.9
17.5
18.7
17.3
~
ttI
t'
~ 1.5 167 92.9 62.3 47.1 38.2 32.2 ?8.1 25.1 22.8 21.0 19.7 18.6 17.8 17.2 16.7 16.4 16.2 t:tJ
~ 1.6 178 87.0 58.4 44.2 35.B 30.2 26.4 23.5 21.4 19.7 18.5 17.5 16.7 16.1 15.6 15.3 15.2 ~
'" 1.7 189 81.9 55.0 41.6 33.7 28.5 24.d 22.1 20.1 18.6 17.4 16.4 15.7 15.1 14.7 14.4 14.3
'" 1.8 200 77.4 51.9 39.3 31.8 26.9 23.4 20.9 19.0 17.5 16.4 15.5 14.8 14.3 13.9 13.6 13.5 I:l;

1.9 211 73.3 49.2 37.2 30.1 25.5 22.2 19.8 18.0 16.6 15.5 14.7 14.0 13.5 13.2 12.9 12.8
.....
2.0 222 69.6 46.7 35.4 28.6 24.2 21.1 18.8 17.1 15.8 14.8 14.0 13.3 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.1
2.1 233 66.3 44.5 33.7 27.3 23.0 20.1 17.9 16.3 15.0 14.1 13.3 12.7 12.3 11.9 11.7 11.6
2.2 245 63.3 42.5 32.1 26.0 22.0 19.2 17.1 15.5 14.4 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.7 11.4 11.2 11.0
2.3 256 60.6 40.6 30.7 24.9 21.0 18.3 16.4 14.9 13.7 12.8 12.1 11.6 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.6
2.4 267 58.0 38.9 29.5 23.8 20.2 17.6 15.7 14.3 13.2 12.3 11.6 11.1 10.7 10.4 10.2 10.1

2.5 278 55.7 37.4 28.3 22.9 19.3 16.9 15.0 13.7 12.6 11.8 11.2 10.7 10.3 10.0 9.8 9.7
2.6 289 53.6 35.9 27.2 22.0 18.6 16.2 14.5 13.2 12.1 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.3
2.7 300 51.6 34.6 26.2 21.2 17.9 15.6 13.9 12.7 11.7 10.9 10.3 9.9 9.5 9.3 9.1 9.0
2.8 311 49.7 33.4 25.3 20.4 17.3 15.1 13.4 12.2 11.3 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.7
2.9 322 48.0 32.2 24.4 19.7 16.7 14.5 13.0 11.8 10.9 10.2 9.6 9.2 8.9 B.6 8.5 ~.4

3.0 333 46.4 31.1 23.6 19.1 16.1 14.1 12.5 11.4 10.5 9.8 9.3 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.1
3.5 389 39.8 26.7 20.2 16.4 13.8 12.0 10.7 9.8 9.0 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9
4.0 445 34.8 23.4 17.7 14.3 12.1 10.5 9.4 8.6 7.9 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.1
4.5 500 31.0 20.8 15.7 12.7 10.7 9.4 8.4 7.6 7.0 6.6 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4
5.0 556 27.9 18.7 14.1 11.4 9.7 8.4 7.5 6.8 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9

6.0 667 23.2 15.6 11.8 9.5 8.1 7.0 6.3 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0
7.0 778 19.9 13.3 10.1 8.2 6.9 6.0 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5
8.0 889 17.4 11.7 8.8 7.2 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0
9.0 1000 15.5 10.4 7.9 6.4 5.4 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7
10.0 1111 13.9 9.3 7.1 5.7 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4
 Table 2.3.1.2 Geostrophic wind : constant pressure surfaces - Contour interval of 40 gpm - Wind in knots
Vent geostrophique: surfaces CL pression constante - Intervalle de geopotentiel de 40 gpm -
Vent en nceuds
Oontour spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees ~ degres)
des isohypses
Degrees
)f latitude
Degres
Cie latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

0.6 67 451.2 302.7 229.1 185.4 156.7 136.6 121.9 110.8 102.3 95.7 90.5 86.5 83.4 81.1 79.6 78.7
0'.7 78 386.8 259.5 196.4 158.9 134.3 117.1 104.5 95.0 87.7 82.0 77.5 74.1 71.5 69.5 68.2 67.4
0.8 89 338.4 227.0 171.8 139.0 117.5 102.5 91.4 83.1 76.7 71.7 67.9 6... 8 62.5 60.8 59.7 59.0
0.9 100 300.8 201.8 152.7 123.6 104.5 91.1 81.3 73.9 68.2 63.8 60.3 57.6 55.6 54.1 53.0 52.4

1.0 III 270.7 181.6 137.5 111.2 94.0 82.0 73.1 66.5 61.4 57.4 54.3 51.9 50.0 48.7 47.7 47.2
1.1 122 246.1 165.1 125.0 101.1 65.5 74.5 66.5 60.4 55.8 52.2 49.3 47.2 45.5 44.2 43.4 42.9
1.2 133 225.6 151.4 114.5 92.7 78.4 68.3 60.9 55.4 51.1 47.8 45.2 43.2 41.7 40.6 39.8 39.3
1.3
1.4
144
156
208.3
193.4
139.7
129.7
105.7
98.2
85.6
79.5
72.3
67.2
63.0
58.5
56.3
52.2
51.1
47.5
47.2
43.8
44.1
41.0
41.8
38.8
39.9
37.1
38.5
35.7
37.4
34.8
36.7
34.1
36.3
33.7
;;:td
t"
;:I 1.5 167 180.5 121.1 91.6 74.2 62.7 54.6 48.8 44.3 40.9 38.3 36.2 34.6 33.4 32.4 31.8 31.5 trJ
>-' 1.6 178 169.2 113.5 85.9 69.5 58.8 51.2 45.7 41.6 38.4 35.9 33.9 32.4 31.3 30.4 29.8 29.5 t.;
~ 1.7 189 159.3 106.8 80.9 65.4 55.3 48.2 43.0 39.1 36.1 33.8 31 •.9 30.5 29.4 28.6 28.1 27.8
'" 1.8 200 150.4 100.9 76.4 61.8 52.2 45.5 40.6 36.9 34.1 31.9 30.2 28.8 27.8 27.0 26.5 26.2 ~

1.9 211 142.5 95.6 72.3 58.5 49.5 43.1 38.5 35.0 32.3 30.2 28.6 27.3 26.3 25.6 25.1 24.8

2.0
2.1
222
233
135.4
128.9
90.8
86.5
68.7
65.5
55.6
53.0
47.0
44.8
41.0
39.0
36.6
34.8
33.2
31.7
30.7
29.2
28.7
27.3
27.1
25.8
25.9
24.7
25.0
23.8
24.3
23.2
23.9
22.7
23.6
22.5
""
2.2 245 123.1 82.6 62.5 50.6 42.7 37.3 33.2 30.2 27.9 26.1 24.7 23.6 22.7 22.1 21.7 21.5
2.3 256 117.7 79.0 59.8 48.4 40.9 35.0 .01.8 28.9 26.7 25.0 23.6 22.6 21.8 21.2 20.8 20.5
2.4 267 112.8 75.7 57.3 46.3 39.2 34.2 30.5 27.7 25.6 23.9 22.6 21.6 20.8 20.3 19.9 19.7

2.5 278 108.3 72.7 55.0 44.5 37.6 32.8 29.3 26.6 24.5 23.0 21.7 20.7 20.0 19.5 19.1 18.9
2.6 289 104.1 69.9 52.9 42.8 36.2 31.5 28.1 25.6 23.6 22.1 20.9 20.0 19.2 18.7 18.4 18.2
2.7 300 100.3 67.3 50.9 41.2 34.8 30.4 27.1 24.6 22.7 21.3 20.1 19.2 18.5 18.0 17.7 17.5
2.8 311 96.7 64.9 49.1 39.7 33.0 29.3 26.1 23.7 21.9 20.5 19.4 18.5 17.9 17.4 17.0 16.9
2.9 322 93.4 62.6 47.4 38.4 32.4 28.3 25.2 22.9 21.2 19.8 18.7 17.9 17.3 16.8 16.5 16.3

3.0 333 90.2 60.5 45.8 37.1 31.3 27.3 24.4 22.2 20.5 19.1 18.1 17.3 16.7 16.2 15.9 15.7
3.5 389 77.4 51.9 39.3 31.8 26.9 23.4 20.9 19.0 17 .5 16.4 15.5. 14.8 14.3 13.9 13.6 13.5
4.0 445 67.7 45.4 34.4 27.8 23.5 20.5 18.3 16.6 15., 14.3 13.6 13.0 12.5 12.2 11.9 11.8
4.5 500 60.2 40.4 '30.5 24.7 20.9 18.2 16.3 14.8 13.6 12.8 12.1 11.5 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.5
5.0 556 54.1 36.3 27.5 22.2 18.6 16.4 14.6 13.3 12.3 11.5 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.4

6.0 667 45.1 30.3 22.9 18.5 15.7 13.7 12.2 11.1 10.2 9.6 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9
7.0 778 38.7 25.9 19.6 15.9 13.4 11.7 10.4 9.5 8.8 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7
8.0 889 33.8 22.7 17.2 13.9 11.8 10.2 9.1 8.3 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9
9.0 1000 30.1 20.2 15.3 12.4 10.4 901 8.1 7.4 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.2
10.0 1111 27.1 18.2 13.7 11.1 9.4 8.2 7.3 6.6 6.1 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7

~ -. ,.- ~ -. -.
--- -. -. -. -.

.------_._._---------- ._----_. ··_--------1

 Table 2.3.1.3 Geostrophic wind: constant pressure surfaces - Contour interval of 60 gpm - Wind in m sec-1
Vent geostrophique: surfaces CL pression constante - Intervalle de geopotentiel de 60 gpm -
Vent en m S-l
Oontour spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees - deyres)
des isohypses
Degrees
of latitude
Degres
de latie,.de km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
0.6 67 348.2 233.6 176.8 143.1 120.9 105.4 94.1 85.5 78.9 73.8 69.8 66.7 64.3 62.6 61.4 60.7
0.7 78 298.4 200.2 151.5 122.6 103.6 90.4 80.6 73.3 67.7 63.3 59.8 57.2 55.2 53.7 52.6 52.0
0.8 89 261.1 175.2 132.6 107.3 90.7 79.1 70.5 64.1 59.2 55.4 52.4 50.0 48.3 46.9 46.0 45.5
0.9 100 232.1 155.7 117.9 95.4 80.6 70.3 62.7 57.0 52.6 49.2 46.5 44.5 42.9 41.7 40.9 40.5
1.0 111 208.9 140.2 106.1 85.8 72.6 63.2 56.4 51.3 47.4 44.3 41.9 40.0 38.6 37.6 36.8 36.4
1.1 122 189.9 127.4 96.4 78.0 66.0 57.5 51.3 46.6 43.1 40.3 38.1 36.4 35.1 34.1 33.5 33.1
1.2 133 174.1 116.8 88.4 11.5 60.5 52.7 47.0 42.8 39.5 36.9 34.9 33.4 32.2 31.3 30.7 30.3
1.3
1.4
144
156
160.7
149.2
107.8
100.1
81.6
75.8
66.0
61.3
55.8
51.8
48.7
45.2
43.4
40.3
39.5
36.6
36.4
33.8
34.1
31.6
32.2
29.9
30.8
28.6
29.7
27.6
28.9
26.8
28.3
26.3
28.0
26.0
~
~

~
~
1.5
1.6
I 167
178
I 139.3
130.6
93.4
87.6
70.7
66.3
57.2
53.6
48.4
45.3
42.2
39.5
37.6
35.3
34.2
32.1
31.6
29.6
29.5
27.7
27.9
26.2
26.7
25.0
25.7
24.1
25.0
23.5
24.6
23.0
24.3
22.8
r
~
~
~ 1.7 189 122.9 82.4 62.4 50.5 42.7 37.2 33.2 30.2 27.9 26.1 24.6 23.5 22.7 22.1 21.7 21.4 .
?nn n ~o n ~7 ~n ~ ~r, ~, ~o ~ ~L ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~, ~n n ~n ~ ~n ~ ~
Q 1 Q
200 l1L 1 77 7 L 'L L L

211
<:<>
222
233
245
256
267

278
289
300
311
322
33,
389
445
500
556

667
778
889
1000
1111
 Table 2.3.1.4 Geostrophic wind : constant pressure surfaces - Contour interval of 60 gpm - Wind in knots
Vent geostrophique: surfaces a pression constante - Intervalle de geopotentiel de 60 gpm -
Vent en nlEuds
Oontour spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees - degres)
des isohypses

Degrees
of latitude
Degres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

0.6 67 676.8 454.1 343.6 278.1 235.1 204.9 182.8 166.2 153.4 143.5 135.7 129.7 125.1 121.7 119.3 118.0
0.7 78 580.1 389.2 294.5 238.4 201.5 175.6 156.7 142.5 131.5 123.0 116.3 111.2 107.2 104.3 102.3 101.1
0.8 89 507.6 340.6 257.7 208.6 176.3 153.7 137.1 124.7 115.1 107.6 101.8 97.3 93.8 91.3 89.5 88.5
0.9 100 451.2 302.7 229.1 185.4 156.7 136.b 121.9 110.8 102.3 95.7 90.5 86.5 83.4 81.1 79.6 78.7

1.0 111 406.1 272.5 206.2 166.9 141.0 122.9 109.7 99.7 92.1 86.1 81.4 77.8 75.0 73.0 71.6 70.8
1.1 122 369.2 247.7 187.4 151.7 128.2 111.8 99.7 90.7 83.7 78.3 74.0 70.7 68.2 66.4 65.1 64.4
1.2 133 338.4 227.0 171.8 139.0 117.5 102.5 91.4 83.1 76.7 71.7 67.9 64.8 62.5 60.8 59.7 59.0
1.3
1.4
144
156
312.4
290.1
209.6
194.6
158.6
147.3
128.4
119.2
108.5
100.7
94.6
87.8
84.4
78.4
76.7
71.2
70.8
65.8
66.2
01.5
b2.6
58.2
59.9
55.6
57.7
53.6
56."2
52.1
55.1
51.1
54.5
50.6
~
t:d
;<1 t'"
1.5 167 270.7 181.6 137.5 111.2 94.0 82.0 73.1 66.5 61.4 57.4 54.3 51.9 50.0 48.7 47.7 47.2 t:c:I
~ 1.6 178 253.8 170.3 128.9 104.3 88.1 76.8 68.6 62.3 57.5 53.8 50.9 48.6 46.9 45.6 44.8 44.2 I>:l
0>
0> 1.7
1.8
189
200
238.9
225.6
160.3
151.4
121.3
114.5
98.2
92.7
83.0
78.4
72.3
68.3
64.5
60.9
58.7
55.4
54.1
51.1
50.6
47.8
47.9
45.2
45.8
43.2
44.1
41.7
42.9
40.6
42.1
39.8
41.6
39.3
...
1.9 211 213.7 143.4 108.5 87.8 74.2 64.7 57.7 52.5 48.4 45.3 42.9 41.0 39.5 38.4 37.7 37.3

2.0
2.1
222
233
203.0
193.4
136.2
129.7
103.1
98.2
83.4
79.5
70.5
67.2
61.5
58.5
54.9
52.2
49.9
47.5
46.0
43.8
43.0
41.0
40.7
38.8
38.9
37.1
37.5
35.7
36.5
34.8
35.8
34.1
35.4
33.7
""
2.2 245 184.6 123.8 93.7 75.8 64.1 55.9 49.9 45.3 41.8 39.1 37.0 35.4 34.1 33.2 32.5 32.2
2.3 256 176.6 118.5 89.6 12.5 61.3 53.5 47.7 43.4 40.0 37.4 35.4 33.8 32.6 31.7 31.1 30.8
2.4 267 169.2 113.5 85.9 69.5 58.8 51.2 45.7 41.6 38.4 35.9 33.9 32.4 31.3 30.4 29.8 29.5

2.5 278 162.4 109.0 82.5 66.7 56.4 49.2 43.9 39.9 36.8 34.4 32.6 31.1 30.0 29.2 28.6 28.3
2.6 289 156.2 104.8 79.3 64.2 54.2 47.3 42.2 38.4 35.4 33.1 31.3 29.9 28.9 28.1 27.5 27.2
2.7 300 150.4 100.9 76.4 61.8 52.2 45.5 40.6 36.9 34.1 31.9 30.2 28.8 27.8 27.0 26.5 26.2
2.8 311 145.0 97.3 73.6 59.6 50.4 43.9 39.2 35.6 32.9 30.7 29.1 27.8 26.8 26.1 25.6 25.3
2.9 322 140.0 94.0 71.1 57.5 48.6 42.4 37.8 34.4 31.7 29.7 28.1 26.8 25.9 25.2 24.7 24.4

3.0 333 135.4 90.8 68.7 55.6 47.0 41.0 36.6 33.2 30.7 28.7 27.1 25.9 25.0 24.3 23.9 23.6
3.5 389 116.0 77.8 58.9 47.7 40.3 35.1 31.3 28.5 26.3 24.6 23.3 22.2 21.4 20.9 20.5 20.2
4.0 445 101.5 68.1 51.5 41.7 35.3 30.7 27.4 24.9 23.0 21.5 20.4 19.5 18.8 18.3 17.9 17.7
4.5 500 90.2 60.5 45.8 37.1 31.3 27.3 24.4 22.2 20.5 19.1 18.1 17.3 16.7 16.2 15.9 15.7
5.0 556 81.2 54.5 41.2 33.4 28.2 24.6 21.9 19.9 18.4 17.2 16.3 15.6 15.0 14.6 14.3 14.2

6.0 667 67.7 45.4 34.4 27.8 23.5 20.5 18.3 16.6 15.3 14.3 13.6 13.0 12.5 12.2 11.9 11.8
7.0 778 58.0 38.9 '29.5 23.8 20.1 17.6 15.7 14.2 13.2 12.3 Ll.6 11.1 10.7 10.4 10.2 10.1
8.0 889 50.8 34.1 25.8 20.9 17.6 15.4 13.7 12.5 Ll.5 10.8 10.2 9.7 9.4 9.1 9.0 8.8
9.0 1000 45.1 30.3 22.9 18.5 15.7 13.7 12.2 11.1 10.2 9.6 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9

-
10.0 1111 40.6 27.2 20.6 16.7 14.1 12.3 11.0 10.0 9.2 8.6 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1

~,
.-

._---.-_.__ ._---_..-
.-

.. -.-_.....
-
--_....
-- .-
- - ..-- ~
---
 Table 2,3.2.1 Geostrophic wind: constant level surfaces - Isobar interval of 4 mb - Wind in m sec-1
Vent geostrophique : surfaces it niveau constant - Intervalle de pression de 4 mb - Vent en m S-l

(Air density - Masse volumique de l'air: 1 kg m-3)

Isobar spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees - degres)
des isobares

Degrees
of latitude
Degres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

0.6 67 236.9 158.9 120.3 97.3 82.3 71.7 64.0 58.2 53.7 50.2 47.5 45.4 43.8 42.6 41.8 41.3
0.7 78 203.0 136.2 103.1 83.4 70.5 61.5 54.8 49.9 46.0 43.0 40.7 38.9 37.5 36.5 35.8 35.4
0.8 89 177.6 119.2 90.2 73.0 61.7 53.8 48.0 43.6 40.3 37.7 35.6 34.0 32.8 31.9 31.3 31.0
0.9 100 157.9 105.9 80.2 64.9 54.8 47.8 42.7 38.8 35.8 33.5 31.7 30.3 29.2 28.4 27.8 27.5
1.0 111 142.1 95.4 72.2 58.4 49.4 43.0 38.4 34.9 32.2 30.1 28.5 27.2 26.3 25.5 25.1 24.8
1.1 122 129.2 86.7 65.6 53.1 44.9 39.1 34.9 31.7 29.3 27.4 25.9 24.8 23.9 23.2 22.8 22.5
1.2
1.3
133
144
118.4
109.3
79.5
73.3
60.1
55.5
48.7
44.9
41.1
38.0
35.9
33.1
32.0
29.5
29.1
26.8
26.8
24.8
25.1
23.2
23.7
21.9
22.7
20.9
21.9
20.2
21.3
19.7
20.9
19.3
20.6
19.1
~
to
1.4 156 101.5 68.1 51.5 41.7 35.3 30.7 27.4 24.9 23.0 21.5 20.4 19.4 18.8 18.2 17.9 17.7 t-<
;<1 t:rJ
>-' 1.5 167 94.7 63.6 48.1 38.9 32.9 28.7 25.6 23.3 21.5 20.1 19.0 18.2 17.5 17.0 16.7 16.5 NI
'"
'"'" 1.6 178 88.8 59.6 45.1 36.5 30.8 26.9 24.0 21.8 20.1 18.8 17.8 17.0 16.4 16.0 15.7 15.5 I:!O
1.7 189 83.6 56.1 42.4 34.3 29.0 25.3 22.6 20.5 19.0 17.7 16.8 16.0 15.4 15.0 14.7 14.6
1.8 200 79.0 53.0 40.1 32.4 27.4 23.9 21.3 19.4 17.9 16.7 15.8 15.1 14.6 14.2 13.9 13.8
1.9 211 74.8 50.2 38.0 30.7 26.0 22.6 20.2 18.4 17.0 15.9 15.0 14.3 13.8 13.4 13.2 13.0 <:Jl

2.0 222 71.1 47.7 36.1 29.2 24.7 21.5 19.2 17.5 16.1 15.1 14.2 13.6 13.1 12.8 12.5 12.4
2.1 233 67.7 45.4 34.4 27.8 23.5 20.5 18.3 16.6 15.3 14.3 13.6 13.0 12.5 12.2 11.9 11.8
2.2 245 64.6 43.3 32.8 26.5 22.4 19.6 17.5 15.9 14.6 13.7 13.0 12.4 11.9 11.6 11.4 11.3
2.3 256 61.8 41.5 31.4 25.4 21.5 18.7 16.7 15.2 14.0 13.1 12.4 11.8 11.4 11.1 10.9 10.8
2.4 267 59.2 39.7 30.1 24.3 20.6 17.9 16.0 14.5 13.4 12.6 11.9 11.3 10.9 10.6 10.4 10.3

2.5 278 56.8 38.1 28.9 23.4 19.7 17.2 15.4 14.0 12.9 12.1 11.4 10.9 10.5 10.2 10.0 9.9
2.6 289 54.7 36.7 27.8 22.5 19.0 16.5 14.8 13.4 12.4 11.6 11.0 10.5 10.1 9.8 9.6 9.5
2.7 300 52.6 35.3 26.7 21.6 18.3 15.9 14.2 12.9 11.9 11.2 10.6 10.1 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.2
2.8 311 50.8 34.1 25.8 20.9 17.6 15.4 13.7 12.5 11.5 10.8 10.2 9.7 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.8
2.9 322 49.0 32.9 24.9 20.1 17.0 14.8 13.2 12.0 11.1 10.4 9.8 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.6 8.5

3.0 333 47.4 31.8 24.1 19.5 16.5 14.3 12.8 11.6 10.7 10.0 9.5 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.3
3.5 389 40.6 27.2 20.6 16.7 14.1 12.3 11.0 10.0 9.2 8.6 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1
4.0 445 35.5 23.8 18.0 14.6 12.3 10.8 9.6 8.7 8.1 7.5 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.2
4.5 500 31.6 21.2 16.0 13.0 11.0 9.6 8.5 7.8 7.2 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5
5.0 556 28.4 19.1 14.4 11.7 9.9 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0

6.0 667 23.7 15.9 12.0 9.7 8.2 7.2 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1
7.0 778 20.3 13.6 10.3 8.3 7.1 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5
8.0 889 17.8 11.9 9.0 7.3 6.2 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1
9.0 1000 15.8 10.6 8.0 6.5 5.5 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
10.0 1111 14.2 9.5 7.2 5.8 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5
 Table 2.3.2.2 Geostrophic wind: constant level surfaces - Isobar interval of 4 mb - Wind in knots
Vent geostrophique : surfaces CL niveau constant - I ntervalle de pression de 4 mb - Vent en nceuds
(Air density - Masse volumique de l'air: 1 kg m- S )
Isobar spacing
Eeartemen! Latitude (degrees - degrt!s)
des isobares

Degrees
of latitude
IJegres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

0.6 67 460.4 308.9 233.8 189.2 159.9 139.4 124.4 113.1 104.4 97.6 92.3 88.2 85.1 82.8 81.2 80.3
0.7 78 394.6 264.8 200.4 162.2 137.1 119.5 106.6 96.9 89.5 83.7 79.1 75.6 72.9 70.9 69.6 68.8
0.8 89 345.3 231.7 l75.3 141.9 119.9 104.5 93.3 84.8 78.3 73.2 69.2 66.2 63.8 62.1 60.9 60.2
0.9 100 306.9 205.9 155.8 126.1 106.6 92.9 82.9 75.4 69.6 65.1 61.5 58.8 56.7 55.2 54.1 53.5

1.0 III 276.3 185.3 140.3 113.5 95.9 83.6 74.6 67.8 62.6 58.6 55.4 52.9 51.0 49.7 48.7 48.2
1.1 122 251.1 168.5 127.5 103.2 87.2 76.0 67.8 61.7 56.9 53.2 50.4 48.1 46.4 45.1 44.3 43.8 >-3
1.2 133 230.2 154.5 116.9 94.6 80.0 69.7 62.2 56.5 52.2 48.8 46.2 44.1 42.5 41.4 40.6 40.1 P>-
1.3 144 212.5 142.6 107.9 87.3 73.8 64.3 57.4 52.2 48.2 45.0 42.6 40.7 39.3 38.2 37.5 37.0 ro
1.4 156 197.3 132.4 100.2 81.1 68.5 59.7 53.3 48.5 44.7 41.8 39.6 37.8 36.5 35.5 34.8 34.4 r
:<i I I
~

~
~
L.~

1.6
_ _
I 167
"0'
178
_
I LO~.~

172.7
._ _
L~~.O

115.8_
~~.~

87.7
__ _
,~.,

70.9
.. _
o~.u

60.0
_.".
77.0
52.3
__ _
~~.o

46.6
._ _
~7.~

42.4
__ _
~L.'

39.1
_. _
~~.u

36.6
_..
~o.~

34.6
~_.
~~.~

33.1
__ •
~~.u

31.9
_~ ~
jj_L

31.0
__ _
j'.~

30.4
_n ~
j'.~

30.1
_n _
i:':I
~

.
~

189
200
211 Ul

222
233
245
256
267

278
289
300
311
322

333
389
445
500
556
667
778
889
1000
1111

~
--- ,- -- ---- -- ---- --.,
-- -- -- -,
 Table 2.3.2.3 Geostrophic wind: constant level surfaces - Isobar interval of 5 mb - Wind in m sec-1
Vent geostrophique : surfaces it niveau constant - I ntervalle de pression de 5 mb - Vent en m s-1
(Air density - Masse volumique de l'air: 1 kg m-3)
Isobar spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees - de(JTes)
des isobares

Degrees
of latitude
Degres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 00 05 70 75 80 85

0.0 67 290.1 198.0 150.3 121.7 102.8 89.0 80.0 72.7 07.1 02.8 59.4 50.7 54.7 53.2 52.2 51.0
0.7 78 253.8 170.3 128.8 104.3 88.1 70.8 08.0 02.3 57.5 53.8 50.9 48.0 40.9 45.0 44.7 4'0.2
0.8 89 222.1 149.0 112.7 91.2 77.1 07.2 00.0 54.5 50.3 47.1 44.5 42.5 41.0 39.9 39.2 38.7
0.9 100 197.4 132.4 100.2 81.1 08.0 59.8 53.3 48.5 44.7 41.8 39.0 37.8 30.5 35.5 34.8 34.10

1.0 III 177.0 119.2 90.2 73.0 01.7 53.8 48.0 43.0 40.3 37.7 35.0 34.0 32.8 31.9 31.3 31.0
1.1 122 101.5 108.4 82.0 00.4 50.1 48.9 43.0 39.7 30.0 34.2 32.4 30.9 29.8 29.0 28.5 28.2
1.2
1.3
133
144
148.0
130.7
99.3
91.7
75.2
09.4
00.8
50.1
51.4
47.5
44.d
41.4
40.0
30.9
30.4
33.0
33.0
31.0
31.4
29.0
29.7
27.4
28.4
20.2
27.4
25.3
20.0
24.0
20.1
24.1
25.8
23.8
~t:J:j
1.4 150 120.9 85.1 04.4 52.1 44.1 38.4 34.3 31.2 28.8 20.9 25.4 24.3 23.4 22.8 22.4 22.1 r
;<I tl:J
.... 1.5 167 118.4 79.5 00.1 48.7 41.1 35.9 32.0 29.1 20.8 25.1 23.7 22.7 21.9 21.3 20.9 20.0 t:l
.,'" 1.0 178 111.0 74.5 50.4 45.0 38.0 33.0 30.0 27.3 25.2 23.5 22.3 21.3 20.5 20.0 19.0 19.4 ~
'" 1.7 189 104.5 70.1 53.1 42.9 30.3 31.0 28.2 25.7 23.7 22.'2 21.0 20.0 19.3 18.8 18.4 18.2
1.8 200 98.7 00.2 50.1 40.0 34.3 29.9 20.7 24.2 22.4 20.9 19.8 18.9 18.2 17.7 17.4 17.2
1.9 211 93.5 02.7 47.5 38.4 32.5 28.3 25.3 23.0 21.2 19.8 18.7 17.9 17.3 10.8 10.5 10.3 -.]

2.0 222 88.8 59.0 45.1 30.5 30.8 20.9 24.0 21.8 20.1 18.8 17.8 17.0 10.4 10.0 15.7 15.5
2.1 233 84.0 50.8 42.9 34.8 29.4 25.0 22.9 20.8 19.2 17.9 17.0 10.2 15.0 15.2 14.9 14.7
2.2 245 80.7 54.2 41.0 33.2 28.0 24.4 21.8 19.8 18.3 17.1 10.2 15.5 14.9 14.5 14.2 14.1
2.3 250 77.2 51.8 39.2 31.7 20.8 23.4 20.9 19.0 17.5 10.4 15.5 14.8 14.3 13.9 13.0 13.5
2.4 267 74.0 49.7 37.0 30.4 25.7 22.4 20.0 18.2 10.8 15.7 14.8 14.2 13.7 13.3 13.1 12.9

2.5 278 71.1 47.7 30.1 29.2 24.7 21.5 19.2 17.5 10.1 15.1 14.2 13.0 13.1 12.8 12.5 12.4
2.0 289 08.3 45.8 34.7 28.1 23.7 20.7 18.5 10.8 15.5 14.5 13.7 13.1 12.0 12.3 12.0 11.9
2.7 300 05.8 44.1 33.4 27.0 22.9 19.9 17.8 10.2 14.9 13.9 13.2 12.0 12.2 11.8 11.0 11.5
2.8 311 03.4 42.0 32.2 20.1 22.0 19.2 17.1 15.0 14.4 13.4 12.7 12.2 11.7 11.4 11.2 11.1
2.9 322 01.3 41.1 31.1 25.2 21.3 18.5 10.5 15.0 13.9 13.0 12.3 11.7 11.3 11.0 10.8 10.7

3.0 333 59.2 39.7 30.1 24.3 20.0 17.9 10.0 14.5 13.4 12.0 11.9 11.3 10.9 10.0 10.4 10.3
3.5 389 50.8 34.1 25.8 20.9 17.0 15.4 13.7 12.5 11.5 10.8 10.2 9.7 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.8
4.0 445 44.4 29.8 22.5 18.2 15.4 13.4 12.0 10.9 10.1 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.7
4.5 500 39.5 20.5 20.0 10.2 13.7 12.0 10.7 9.7 8.9 8.4 7.9 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.0 0.9
5.0 550 35.5 23.8 18.0 14.0 12.3 10.8 9.0 8.7 8.1 7.5 7.1 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2

0.0 007 29.0 19.9 15.0 12.2 10.3 9.0 8.0 7.3 0.7 0.3 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.2
7.0 778 25.4 17.0 12.9 10.4 8.8 7.7 0.9 0.2 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.0 4.5 4.4
8.0 889 22.2 14.9 11.3 9.1 7.7 0.7 0.0 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9
9.0 1000 19.7 13.2 10.0 8.1 0.9 0.0 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.4
10.0 1111 17.8 11.9 9.0 7.3 0.2 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1
 Table 2.3.2.4 Geostrophic wind: constant level surfaces - Isobar interval of 5 mh - Wind in knots
Vent geostrophique : surfaces a niveau constant - I ntervalle de pression de 5 mb - Vent en nceuds
(Air density - Masse volumique de l'air: 1 kg m-3 )
Isobar spacing
Ecartement Latitude (degrees - degres)
des isobares

Degrees
of latitude
Degres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

0.6 67 575.5 386.1 292.2 236.5 199.9 114.2 155.5 141.3 130.5 122.0 115.4 110.3 106.4 103.5 101.5 100.3
0.7 78 493.3 331.0 250.5 202.7 171.3 149.3 133.3 121.1 111.8 104.6 98.9 94.5 91.2 88.7 87.0 86.0
0.8 89 431.6 289.6 219.2 177.4 149.9 130.7 116.6 106.0 97.8 91.5 86.6 82.7 79.8 77.6 76.1 75.2
0.9 100 383.7 257.4 194.8 157.7 133.3 116.2 103.7 94.2 87.0 81.3 76.9 73.5 70.9 69.0 67.7 66.9

1.0 III 345.3 231.7 175.3 141.9 119.9 104.5 93.3 84.8 78.3 73.2 69.2 66.2 63.8 62.1 60.9 60.2
1.1 122 313.9 210.6 159.4 129.0 109.0 95.0 84.8 77.1 71.2 66.5 62.9 60.1 58.0 56.4 55.4 54.7
1.2
1.3
133
144
287.8
265.6
193.1
178.2
146.1
134.9
118.2
109.1
99.9
92.3
87.1
80.4
77.7
n.8
70.7
65.2
65.2
60.2
61.0
56.3
57.7
53.3
55.1
50.9
53.2
49.1
51.7
47.8
50.7
46.8
50.2
46.3 ~
1.4 156 246.7 125.2 85.7 66.6 55.9 52.3 49.5 47.3 45.6 44.3 43.5 43.0 I:d
165.5 101.3 74.7 60.6 rttj
~
.... 1.5 167 230.2 154.5 116.9 94.6 80.0 69.7 62.2 56.5 52.2 48.8 46.2 44.1 42.5 41.4 40.6 40.1
t,;
~ 1.6 178 215.8 lIt4.8 109.6 88.7 75.0 65.3 58.3 53.0 48.9 45.8 43.3 41.4 39.9 38.8 38.1 37.6
35.4 ;,;
'" 1.7 189 203.1 136.3 103.1 83.5 70.5 61.5 54.9 49.9 46.0 43.1 40.7 38.9 37.5 36.5 35.8
1.8 200 191.8 128.7 97.4 78.8 66.6 58.1 51.B 47.1 43.5 40.7 38.5 36.B 35.5 34.5 33.8 33.4
1.9 211 181.7 121.9 92.3 74.7 63.1 55.0 49.1 44.6 41.2 38.5 36.4 34.8 33.6 32.7 32.0 31.7
00
2.0 222 172.7 115.8 87.7 70.9 60.0 52.3 46.6 42.4 39.1 36.6 34.6 33.1 31.9 31.0 30.4 30.1
2.1 233 164.4 110.3 83.5 67.6 57.1 49.8 44.4 40.4 37.3 34.9 33.0 31.5 30.4 29.6 29.0 28.7
2.2 245 157.0 105.3 79.7 64.5 54.5 47.5 42.4 38.5 35.6 33.3 31.5 30.1 29.0 28.2 27.7 27.4
2.3 256 150.1 100.7 76.2 61.7 52.1 45.5 40.6 36.9 34.0 31.8 30.1 28.8 27.7 27.0 26.5 26.2
2.4 267 143.9 96.5 73.1 59.1 50.0 43.6 38.9 35.3 32.6 30.5 28.9 27.6 26.6 25.9 25.4 25.1

2.5 278 138.1 92.7 70.1 56.8 48.0 41.8 37.3 33.9 31.3 29.3 27.7 26.5 25.5 24.8 24.4 24.1
2.6 289 132.8 89.1 67.4 54.6 46.1 40.2 35.9 32.6 30.1 28.2 26.6 25.4 24.5 23.9 23.4 23.2
2.7 300 127.9 85.8 64.9 52.6 44.4 38.7 34.6 31.4 29.0 27.1 25.6 24.5 23.6 23.0 22.6 22.3
2.8 311 123.3 82.7 62.6 50.7 42.8 37.3 33.3 30.3 28.0 26.1 24.7 23.6 22.8 22.2 21.7 21.5
2.9 322 119.1 79.9 60.5 48.9 41.4 36.0 32.2 29.2 27.0 25.2 23.9 22.8 22.0 21.4 21.0 20.8

3.0 333 115.1 77.2 58.4 47.3 40.0 34.8 31.1 28.3 26.1 24.4 23.1 22.1 21.3 20.7 20.3 20.1
3.5 389 98.7 66.2 50.1 40.5 34.3 29.9 26.7 24.2 22.4 20.9 19.8 18.9 18.2 17.7 17.4 17.2
4.0 445 86.3 57.9 43.8 35.5 30.0 26.1 23.3 21.2 19.6 18.3 17.3 16.5 16.0 15.5 15.2 15.0
4.5 500 76.7 51.5 39.0 31.5 26.7 23.2 20.7 18.8 17.4 16.3 15.4 14.1 14.2 13.8 13.5 13.4
5.0 556 69.1 46.3 35.1 28.4 24.0 20.9 18.7 17.0 15.7 14.6 13.8 13.2 12.8 12.4 12.2 12.0

6.0 667 57.6 38.6 29.2 23.6 20.0 17.4 15.5 14.1 13.0 12.2 11.5 11.0 10.6 10.3 10.1 10.0
7.0 778 49.3 33.1 25.0 20.3 17.1 14.9 13.3 12.1 11.2 10.5 9.9 9.5 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.6
8.0 889 43.2 29.0 21.9 17.7 15.0 13.1 11.7 10.6 9.8 9.2 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.5
9.0 1000 38.4 25.7 19.5 15.8 13.3 11.6 10.4 9.4 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7
10.0 1111 34.5 23.2 17.5 14.2 12.0 10.5 9.3 8.5 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0

-- - ,- - - -- -- -- -- -- -, -- -- --
 Table 2.4.1.1 Gradient wind - rf parameter in ID sec-1
Vent du gradient - Parametre rf en ID S-l

Radius of curvature r
Rayon de courbure T
Latitude (degrees - degres)

Degrees
of latitude
IJegres
de latitude
km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

1
2
III
222 I 3
6
4
8
6
11
7
14
8
16
9
19
10
21
11
23
12
25
13
27
14
28
15
29
15
30
16
31
47
16
32
48
16
32
48 ~
3 333 8 13 17 21 24 28 31 34 37 40 42 44 46
4 445 11 17 22 27 32 37 42 46 50 53 56 59 61 63 64 65 to
;<I t'"
5 556 14 21 28 34 41 46 52 57 62 66 70 73 76 78 80 81 i?':J
~ t.:>
6 667 17 25 33 41 49 56 63 69 74 80 84 88 91 94 96 97
'"'" 7 778 20 29 39 48 57 65 73 80 87 93 98 103 107 110 112 113 .....
118 125 128 129
8
9
889
1000
23
25
34
38
44
50
55
62
65
73
74
84
83
94
92
103
99
112
106
119
112
126 132
122
137 141 144 145 I
10 28 42 55 68 81 93 104 115 124 133 140 147 152 157 160 161 .....
1111
11 1223 31 46 61 75 89 102 115 126 137 146 154 162 168 172 176 178
12 1334 34 50 67 82 97 112 125 138 149 159 168 176 183 188 192 194
13 1445 37 55 72 89 105 121 135 149 161 173 182 191 198 204 208 210
14 1556 39 59 78 96 113 130 146 160 174 186 197 206 213 219 223 226
15 1667 42 63 83 103 122 139 156 172 186 199 211 220 228 235 239 242

16 1778 45 67 89 110 130 149 167 183 199 212 225 235 244 250 255 258
17 1889 48 71 94 116 138 158 177 195 211 226 239 250 259 266 271 274
18 2000 51 76 100 123 146 167 188 206 223 239 253 264 274 282 287 291
19 2112 53 80 105 130 154 177 198 218 236 252 267 279 289 297 303 307
20 2223 56 84 111 137 162 186 208 229 248 266 281 294 305 313 319 323

25 2778 70 105 139 171 203 232 260 287 310 332 351 367 381 391 399 404
30 3334 84 126 166 205 243 279 313 344 372 398 421 441 457 470 479 484
 Table 2.4.1.2 Gradient wind - rf parameter in knots
Vent du gradient - Parametre rf en nceuds

Radius of curvature r
Rayon de courbure r Latitude (degrees - degres)

Degrees
of latitude
lJegres
de latitude km 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

1 III 5 8 11 13 16 18 20 22 24 26 27 29 30 30 31 31 ...,
2
3
222
333
11
16
16
24
22
32
27
40
32
47
36
54
41
61
45
67
48
72
52
77
55
82
57
86
59
89
61
91
62
93
63
94 >-to
4 445 22 33 43 53 63 72 81 89 97 103 109 114 118 122 124 126 t"'
;<I 5 I 556 I 27 41 54 67 79 90 101' 111 121 129 136 143 148 152 155 157 i::lj

i ~ I ~~! I ~~ :~ ~~ ~~ 1?~ ~~~ ~;~ ~;~ ~:~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~; ~~~ ~~~ :
I
""

- - -- -- -- --
-· •
-- -- - • ••• _ . _ .
~

w •• w
- ..,
 Table 2.4.2.1 Gradient wind (dimensionless) - Cyclonic curvature
Vent du gradient (sans dimension) - Courbure cyclonique
i
Geostrophic
wind
Vent
geostrophique
I rt parameter
Parametre rt
Vg

4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

5 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
10 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
15 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15
20 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 20
25 8 10 11 12 14 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24
30 9 11 12 13 16 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 29 29
35 10 12 13 14 18 21 22 24 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 32 32 33 33 33 34
40 11 13 14 16 20 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 36 37 37 38 38 38 ,..,
14
:<1
45
50
12
12 15
15
16
17
18
22
23
25
27
27
29
29
31
30
32
31
34
32
35
33
36
34
37
34
37
35
38
35
39
36
39
36
40
38
41
40
44
41
45
42
46
42
46
42
47
43
47 >
td
t"'
"'
'"
'"
55 13 15 17 19 25 28 31 33 35 36 37 39 39 40 41 42 42 43 45 47 49 50 51 51 52 t:c:I
54 56 56
'" 60 14 16 18 20 26 30 33 35 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 46 48 51 53 55
65
70
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
27
29
32
33
35
37
37
39
39
41
41
43
42
45
44
46
45
47
46
49
47
50
48
50
48
51
49
52
52
55
55
59
57
61
58
62
59
63
60
64
68
60
65 ...
NI

75 15 18 21 23 30 35 38 41 43 45 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 58 62 65 66 67 69
I
C;.:>
80 16 19 22 24 31 36 40 43 45 48 49 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 61 66 68 70 71 72 73
85 17 20 22 25 32 38 42 45 47 50 52 53 55 56 57 59 60 61 64 69 72 74 75 77 77
90 17 20 23 25 34 39 43 47 49 52 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 63 67 72 76 78 79 81 82
95 18 21 24 26 35 40 45 48 51 54 56 58 60 61 62 64 65 66 70 76 79 82 83 85 86
100 18 22 25 27 36 42 46 50 53 56 58 60 62 63 65 66 67 69 73 79 83 85 87 89 90

110 19 23 26 29 38 44 49 53 57 59 62 64 66 68 70 71 72 74 79 86 90 93 95 97 98
120 20 24 27 30 40 47 52 56 60 63 66 68 70 72 74 76 77 79 84 92 97 100 102 104 106
130 21 25 28 31 42 49 55 59 63 67 70 72 74 77 79 80 82 84 90 98 103 107 110 112 114
140 22 26 30 33 44 52 57 62 66 70 73 76 78 81 83 85 87 88 95 104 110 114 117 120 122
150 23 27 31 34 46 54 60 65 69 73 77 80 82 85 87 89 91 93 100 110 116 121 124 127 129

160 23 28 32 35 47 56 62 68 72 76 80 83 86 89 91 93 95 97 "105 116 122 127 131 134 137

170 24 29 33 37 49 58 65 71 75 80 83 87 90 92 95 97 99 101 110 121 129 134 138 141 144
180 25 30 34 38 51 60 67 73 78 83 86 90 93 96 99 101 103 106 114 127 135 141 145 148 151
190 26 31 35 39 52 62 69 76 81 86 90 93 97 100 102 105 107 110 119 132 141 147 152 155 159
200 26 32 36 40 54 64 72 78 84 88 93 97 100 103 106 109 111 114 124 137 146 153 158 162 166

250 30 36 41 45 61 73 82 90 96 102 107 112 116 120 123 127 130 133 145 162 174 183 190 195 200
300 33 40 45 50 68 81 91 100 107 114 120 125 130 135 139 143 147 150 165 185 200 211 220 227 232
 Table 2.4.2.2 Gradient wind (dimensionless) - Anticyclonic curvature
Vent du gradient (sans dimension) - Courbure anticyclonique
i
Geostrophic
wind
Vent
geostrophique
I r1 parameter
Para1'l'lltre rl
Vg
I
4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

5 10 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
10 20 lit 13 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10
15 30 22 20 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 16 16 15 15 15 15
20 40 30 28 26 25 25 24 24 23 22 21 21 21 21 21
25 50 38 36 34 33 32 29 28 27 26 2b 26 26

30 60 47 44 41 37 34 33 32 32 31 31 >-3
35 70 56 45 40 39 38 37 37 37 >
t:C
:<I 40 55 48 45 44 43 43 42 t-<
,... 45 68 55 52 50 49 48 48 t:tJ
'" 50 100 63 59 56 55 54 54
'"
'" ~

55 73 66 63 61 60 59 ~
60 83 74 70 b8 66 b5
65 95 82 77 74 73 71 I
70 111 90 84 81 79 78 ....
75 150 100 92 88 85 84

80 111 100 95 92 90
85 123 109 103 99 97
90 137 118 110 106 103
95 155 128 118 113 110
100 200 138 127 121 117
110 1b3 145 137 132
120 200 1bb 154 147
130 190 173 163
140 223 193 181
150 300 218 200
160 248 221
170 291 245
180 274
190 311
200 400

- -- -- -- -- -- .- .-
-- .-
-- -, -- ---
.--- ------------------, . -.'_._--_.._--,,- .---_._.'.. "- ". '_P ___ •• _ _ " __ , _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _•• _ ••••• - " _ _ _ . • • • _ _ _ - - : _ - - : - - : . - : - - - . - : : - : . " - . , . . . , . •••• , ; ,.., ...: - - ,
 TABLE 2.5-1

Table 2.5 Coriolis parameter and Rossby parameter

Parametre de Coriolis et parametre de Rossby
rp: latitude in degrees - latitude en degres
t: Coriolis parameter in rad sec-1 - parametre de Coriolis en rad S-l
p: Rossby parameter in rad m-1 sec-1 - parametre de Rossby en rad m- 1 S-l

rp t P rp I P rp t p

X 10-4 X 10-11 X 10-4 X 10-11 X 10-4 X 10-11

0 o. 2.289 30 0.7292 1.982 60 1.2630 1.145
1 0.0255 2.289 31 0.7511 1.962 61 1.2756 1.110
2 0.0509 2.288 32 0.7728 1.941 62 1.2877 1.075
3 0.0763 2.286 33 0.7943 1.920 63 1.2995 1.039
4 0.1017 2.284 34 0.8155 1.898 64 1.3108 1.003

5 0.1271 2.280 35 0.8365 1.875 65 1.3218 0.967

6 0.1524 2.277 36 0.8572 1.852 66 1.3323 0.931
7 0.1777 2.272 37 0.8777 1.828 67 1.3425 0.894
8 0.2030 2.267 38 0.8979 1.804 68 1.3522 0.858
9 0.2281 2.261 39 0.9178 1.779 69 1.3616 0.820

10 0.2533 2.254 40 0.9375 1.754 70 1.3705 0.783

11 0.2783 2.247 41 0.9568 1.728 71 1.3790 0.745
12 0.3032 2.239 42 0.9759 1.701 72 1.3870 0.707
13 0.3281 2.230 43 0.9946 1.674 73 1.3947 0.669
14 0.3528 2.221 44 1.0131 1.647 74 1.4019 0.631

15 0.3775 2.211 45 1.0313 1.619 75 1.4087 0.592

16 0.4020 2.200 46 1.0491 1.590 76 1.4151 0.554
17 0.4264 2.189 47 1.0666 1.561 77 1.4210 0.515
18 0.4507 2.177 48 1.0838 1.532 78 1.4266 0.476
19 0.4748 2.164 49 1.1007 1.502 79 1.4316 0.437

20 0.4988 2.151 50 1.1172 1.471 80 1.4363 0.397

21 0.5227 2.137 51 1.1334 1.441 81 1.4405 0.358
22 0.5463 2.122 52 1.1493 1.409 82 1.4442 0.319
23 0.5699 2.107 53 1.1647 1.378 83 1.4476 0.279
24 0.5932 2.091 54 1.1799 1.345 84 1.4504 0.239

25 0.6164 2.075 55 1.1947 1.313 85 1.4529 0.200

26 0.6393 2.057 56 1.2091 1.280 86 1.4549 0.160
27 0.6621 2.040 57 1.2231 1.247 87 1.4564 0.120
28 0.6847 2.021 58 1.2368 1.213 88 1.4575 0.080
29 0.7071 2.002 59 1.2501 1.179 89 1.4582 0.040

90 1.4584 0.000

V. 1966
 TABLE 2.6 - 1

Table 2.6 Difference between the velocity of a zonal current and the
phase velocity of a sinusoidal perturbation (Rossby's formula)
Difference entre la vitesse d'un courant zonal et la vitesse de
phase d'une perturbation sinuso'idale (formule de Rossby)

I: length of a degree of longitude on the parallel in question (see Table 6.2) - longueur
d'un degrB de longitude sur le parallele considBrB (voir table 6.2)

\Vave length expressed in 1 ~ Zongueur d'onde exprimee en 1

Lati-
tude 10 IS 20 25 30 35
1/24 h ms-I l/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-I
10· 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.3 4.9 6.2 6.6 8.4
20 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.4 3.1 3.7 4.4 5.4 6.0 7.3
30 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.9 2.6 2.9 3.8 4.2 5.1 5.7
40 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.9 4.0 4.0
50 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.7 2.8 2.3
60 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.1
70 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.4
80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0
\Vave length expressed in l-longueur d'onde exprimee en 1
Lati-
tude 40 45 50 55 60 65
1/24h ms~l 1/24 h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24 h ms-1 1/24h ID 8-1 1/24h ms-1
10· 8.7 11.0 11.0 13.9 13.5 17.2 16.4 20.8 19.5 24.7 22.9 29.0
20 7.9 9.5 10.0 12.1 12.3 14.9 14.9 18.0 17.7 21.5 20.8 25.2
30 6.7 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.7 12.7 14.1 15.1 16.8 17.7 19.7
40 5.2 5.2 6.6 6.6 8.2 8.1 9.9 9.8 11.8 11.7 13.8 13.7
50 3.7 3.1 4.7 3.9 5.8 4.8 7.0 5.8 8.3 6.9 9.8 8.1
60 2.2 1.4 2.8 1.8 3.5 2.3 4.2 2.7 5.0 3.3 5.9 3.8
70 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.6 0.7 2.0 0.9 2.4 1.0 2.8 1.2
80 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.2
Wave length expressed in l-longueuT d'onde exprimee en 1
Lati-
tude 70 75 80 85 90 100
1/24h ms-1 1/24 h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24 h ms-I 1/24h ms-1 1/24 h ms- 1
10· 26.5 33.6 30.4 38.6 34.6 43.9 39.1 49.6 43.8 55.6 54.1 68.6
20 24.1 29.2 27.7 33.6 31.5 38.2 35.6 43.1 39.9 48.3 49.3 59.7
30 20.5 22.9 23.5 26.3 26.8 29.9 30.2 33.8 33.9 37.9 41.9 46.7
40 16.1 15.9 18.4 18.2 21.0 20.7 23.7 23.4 26.6 26.2 32.8 32.4
50 11.3 9.4 13.0 10.8 14.8 12.3 16.7 13.8 18.7 15.5 23.1 19.2
60 6.9 4.4 7.9 5.1 8.9 5.8 10.1 6.5 11.3 7.3 14.0 9.0
70 3.2 1.4 3.7 1.6 4.2 1.9 4.7 2.1 5.3 2.3 6.6 2.9
80 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.2 1.2 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.7 0.4
\Vave length expressed in l-longueuT d'onde exprirnee en 1
Lati-
tude 110 120 130 140 160 180
1/24h ms-I 1/24 h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-1 1/24h ms-l 1/24h ms-1
10· 65.4 83.0 77.9 98.8 91.4 116.0 106.0 134.5 138.5 175.7 175.3 222.4
20 59.6 72.2 70.9 85.9 83.2 100.8 96.5 116.9 126.1 152.7 159.6 193.3
30 50.7 56.6 60.3 67.3 70.7 79.0 82.0 91.6 107.2 119.6 135.6 151.4
40 39.7 39.2 47.2 46.7 55.4 54.8 64.2 63.5 83.9 83.0 106.2 105.0
50 27.9 23.2 33.2 27.6 39.0 32.4 45.2 37.5 59.1 49.0 74.8 62.1
60 16.9 10.9 20.1 13.0 23.6 15.3 27.4 17.7 35.8 23.1 45.3 29.3
70 7.9 3.5 9.4 4.2 11.1 4.9 12.8 5.7 16.8 7.4 21.2 9.4
80 2.0 0.5 2.4 0.5 2.9 0.6 3.3 0.7 4.3 1.0 5.5 1.2
NOTE: The table gives the difference U - c as it appears in the Rossby's formula quoted in Introduction 2.5.
Table 2.6 is a reproduction of SMT 43.
NOTE: La table donne la diUerence U -c telle qu,'elle apparalt dans laformule de Rossby citee dans Z'introduction 2 .5.
La table 2.6 est une reproduction de la 83fT 43.
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.1-1

Table 3. 1. 1 Factors for computing the relation between

geopotential and geometric height
Facteurs pour le calcul de la relation entre
le geopotentiel et l'altitude geometrique

g~R( g~RI g~RI

Lati· Lati· Lati·
tude R( 9:8 tude R( 9:8 tude RI 9:8""

m gpm m gpm m gpm

O· 6334984 6322289 30· 6345653 6341274 60· 6367103 6379519
1 6334995 6322306 31 6346305 6342440 61 6367738 6380658
2 6335035 6322378 32 6346967 6343616 62 6368371 6381783
3 6335099 6322492 33 6347647 6344829 63 6368983 6382880
4 6335191 6322654 34 6348337 6346058 64 6369582 6383945
5 6335306 6322863 35 6349033 6347300 65 6370171 6385001
6 6335449 6323114 36 6349736 6348549 66 6370732 6386003
7 6335616 6323407 37 6350456 6349834 67 6371280 6386979
8 6335806 6323745 38 6351177 6351120 68 6371810 6387931
9 6336030 6324144 39 6351907 6352422 69 6372324 6388847
10 6336267 6324570 40 6352638 6353718 70 6372821 6389734
11 6336536 6325048 41 6353376 6355034 71 6373294 6390578
12 6336824 6325557 42 6354120 6356363 72 6373743 6391379
13 6337140 6326120 43 6354868 6357696 73 6374175 6392150
14 6337480 6326725 44 6355612 6359025 74 6374584 6392879
15 6337838 6327368 45 6356360 6360358 75 6374972 6393574
16 6338219 6328046 46 6357108 6361685 76 6375340 6394230
17 6338626 6328769 47 6357852 6363015 77 6375680 6394839
18 6339058 6329537 48 6358601 6364349 78 6375997 6395406
19 6339506 6330333 49 6359345 6365679 79 6376293 6395938
20 6339971 6331158 50 6360083 6366996 80 6376562 6396412
21 6340461 6332028 51 6360820 6368313 81 6376806 6396855
22 6340973 6332945 52 6361552 6369612 82 6377025 6397240
23 6341496 6333874 53 6362273 6370900 83 6377222 6397597
24 6342043 6334845 54 6362993 6372188 84 6377389 6397892
25 6342603 6335848 55 6363697 6373446 85 6377532 6398151
26 6343184 6336879 56 6364401 6374699 86 6377654 6398369
27 6343782 6337946 57 6365092 6375932 87 6377746 6398531
28 6344393 6339032 58 6365772 6377148 88 6377811 6398647
29 6345018 6340145 59 6366435 6378328 89 6377845 6398707
90 6377862 6398737

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.1- 2 (
Table 3.1.2 Geometric metres to geopotential metres
Conversion des metres en metres geopotentiels
(

40·
.
Latitude
45· 60· 80· 90·
(
O· 10· 20· 30· 50· 70"
m gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm. gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
1000 998 998 998 999 1000 1000 1001 1002 1002 1003 1003 (
2000 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2M2 2003 2005 2006 2006
3000 2993 2993 2994 2997 2999 3000 3002 3004 3007 3008 3008
4000 3989 3990 3992 3995 3998 4000 4002 4005 4008 4010 4011
5000 4986 4987 4989 4993 4997 4999 5002 5006 5009 5012 5012
6000 5982 5983 5986 5990 5995 5998 6001 6006 6010 6013 6014 (
7000 6978 6979 6983 6987 6993 6997 7000 7006 7011 7014 7015
8000 7974 7975 7979 7984 7991 7995 7999 8006 8011 8015 8016
9000 8969 8971 8975 8981 8989 8993 8997 9005 9011 9015 9017
10000 9964 9966 9970 9977 9986 9991 9995 10004 10011 10015 10017 (
11000 10959 10961 10966 10973 10983 10988 10993 11002 11010 11015 11017
12000 11953 11955 11961 11969 11979 11985 11990 12001 12009 12015 12017
13000 12947 12949 12955 12964 12976 12982 12988 12999 13008 13014 13016
14000 13941 13943 13950 13960 13972 13978 13984 13997 14006 14013 14015
15000 14935 14937 14944 14954 14967 14974 14981 14994 15004 15011 15014 (
16000 15928 15930 15938 15949 15963 15970 15977 15991 16002 16010 16012
17000 16921 16923 16931 16943 16958 16965 16973 16988 17000 17008 17010
18000 17913 17916 17924 17937 17952 17960 17969 17984 17997 18005 18008 (
19000 18905 18908 18917 18930 18947 18955 18964 18980 18994 19003 19006
20000 19897 19900 19909 19923 19941 19950 19959 19976 19990 20000 20003
21000 20889 20892 20902 20916 20934 20944 20954 20972 20987 20996 21000
22000 21880 21&83 21893 21909 21928 21938 21948 21967 21982 21993 21996
23000 22871 22875 22885 22901 22921 22931 22942 22962 ·22978 22989 22992 (
24000 23862 23865 23876 23893 23914 23925 23936 23956 23973 23984 23988
25000 24852 24856 24867 24885 24906 24918 24929 24951 24968 24980 24984
26000 25842 25846 25858 25876 25898 25910 25922 25945 25963 25975 25979
27000 26832 26836 26848 26867 26890 26903 26915 26938 26957 26970 26974 (
28000 27821 27825 27838 27858 27882 27895 27908 27932 27952 27964 27969
29000 28810 28815 28828 28848 28873 28886 28900 28925 28945 28959 28963
30000 29799 29804 29817 29838 29864 29878 29892 29918 29939 29952 29957
35000 34738 34743 34759 34784 34814 34830 34846 34877 34901 34917 34923 (
40000 39669 39676 39694 39722 39756 39775 39793 39828 39856 39874 39881
45000 44593 44600 44621 44652 44691 44712 44732 44771 44803 44824 44831
50000 49509 49517 49540 49575 49618 49641 49664 49707 49742 49765 49773
55000 54417 54426 54451 54490 54537 54562 54588 54635 54674 54699 54708 (
60000 59318 59327 59355 59397 59449 59476 59504 59556 59598 59626 59635
65000 64211 64221 64251 64297 64353 64383 64412 64469 64514 64544 64555
70000 69096 69107 69139 69188 69249 69281 69313 69374 69423 69455 69467
75000 73974 73986 74020 74073 74137 74172 74206 74271 74324 74359 74371 (
80000 78844 78857 78893 78949 79018 79055 79092 79161 79218 79255 79268
85000 83707 83720 83759 83819 83892 83931 83970 84044 84104 84143 84157
90000 88561 88576 88617 88680 88758 88799 88841 88919 88982 89024 89038
95000 93409 93424 93467 93534 93616 93660 93704 93786 93853 93897 93912
100000 98249 98265 98310 98381 98467 98513 98559 98646 98716 98762 98779 (
105000 103081 103098 103146 103220 103310 103359 103407 103498 103572 103621 103637
110000 107906 107923 107974 108051 108146 108197 108247 108343 108421 108471 108489
115000 112723 112741 112794 112875 112974 113027 113080 113180 113261 113314 113333 (
120000 117533 117552 117607 117692 117795 117851 117906 118010 118095 118150 118169
125000 122336 122355 122413 122501 122609 122666 122724 122832 122921 122978 122998
130000 127131 127151 127211 127302 127415 127475 127534 127647 127739 127799 127820

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.1 - 3

Latitude
A

O· 10" 20· 30· 40· 45· 50· 60· 70· 80· 90·
m gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
130000 127131 127151 127211 127302 127415 127475 127534 127647 127739 127799 127820
140000 136698 136721 136785 136883 137004 137069 137134 137255 137354 137419 137441
150000 146237 146261 146329 146435 146565 146634 146703 146833 146940 147009 147033
160000 155746 155771 155845 155957 156096 156170 156243 156382 156496 156569 156595
170000 165225 165252 165330 165450 165597 165676 165754 165902 166022 166101 166128
180000 174676 174705 174787 174914 175070 175153 175236 175393 175520 175603 175632
190000 184098 184128 184215 184349 184514 184601 184689 184854 184989 185077 185107
200000 193490 193522 193614 193755 193928 194021 194113 194287 194429 194521 194554
210000 202855 202888 202985 203133 203315 203412 203509 203691 203840 203937 203971
220000 212190 212225 212326 212482 212672 212774 212876 213067 213223 213325 213360
230000 221497 221534 221640 221802 222001 222108 222214 222414 222577 222684 222721
240000 230776 230814 230925 231094 231302 231413 231524 231733 231903 232015 232053
250000 240027 240066 240181 240358 240575 240691 240806 241024 241201 241317 241358
260000 249249 249291 249410 249594 249820 249940 250060 250287 250471 250592 250634
270000 258444 258487 258611 258802 259036 259161 259286 259521 259713 259838 259882
280000 267611 267655 267784 267982 268225 268355 268484 268728 268927 269057 269102
290000 276750 276796 276930 277135 277386 277521 277655 277908 278114 278248 278295
300000 285861 285909 286047 286260 286520 286659 286798 287060 287273 287412 287460
310000 294946 294995 295138 295357 295627 295770-295914 296184 296404 296548 296598
320000 304003 304054 304201 304427 304706 304854 305002 305281 305509 305657 305709
330000 313032 313085 313237 313471 313757 313910 314063 314351 314586 314739 314792
340000 322035 322089 322246 322487 322782 322940 323097 323394 323636 323794 323849
350000 331011 331067 331228 331476 331780 331942 332104 332410 332659 332821 332878
360000 339960 340017 340183 340438 340751 340918 341085 341399 341655 341822 341881
370000 348882 348941 349112 349374 349695 349867 350039 350362 350625 350797 350857
380000 357777 357838 358013 358283 358613 358790 358966 359297 359568 359745 359806
390000 366647 366709 366889 367165 367505 367686 367866 368207 368485 368666 368729
400000 375489 375553 375738 376021 376370 376555 376741 377090 377375 377561 377626
410000 384306 384372 384561 384851 385208 385399 385589 385947 386239 386430 386496
420000 393097 393164 393358 393655 394021 394216 394411 394778 395077 395272 395340
430000 401861 401930 402128 402433 402808 403007 403207 403583 403889 404089 404159
440000 410600 410670 410873 411185 411569 411773 411977 412362 412675 412880 412951
450000 419313 419385 419593 419912 420304 420513 420721 421115 421436 421645 421718
460000 428000 428074 428286 428612 429013 429227 429440 429842 430170 430384 430459
470000 436662 436737 436954 437287 437697 437915 438133 438545 438880 439098 439175
480000 445298 445375 445597 445937 446355 446579 446801 447221 447563 447787 447865
490000 453909 453987 454214 454561 454989 455216 455444 455872 456222 456450 456529
500000 462495 462575 462806 463161 463597 463829 464061 464499 464855 465088 465169
510000 471056 471137 471373 471735 472179 472417 472653 473100 473463 473701 473784
520000 479591 479674 479915 480284 480737 480979 481221 481676 482047 482289 482373
530000 488102 488187 488432 488808 489270 489517 489763 490227 490605 490852 490938
540000 496588 496675 496924 497308 497779 498030 498281 498753 499139 499390 499478
550000 505050 505138 505392 505783 506262 506518 506774 507255 507648 507904 507993
560000 513487 513576 513835 514233 514721 514982 515242 515732 516132 516393 516484
570000 521899 521990 522254 522659 523156 523421 523686 524185 524592 524857 524950
580000 530287 530380 530648 531060 531566 531836 532106 532614 533028 533298 533392
590000 538651 538746 539019 539438 539952 540227 540501 541018 541439 541714 541810
600000 546991 547087 547365 547791 548314 548594 548872 549398 549826 550106 550203
610000 555307 555404 555687 556120 556652 556936 557220 557754 558190 558474 558573
620000 563599 563698 563985 564425 564966 565255 565543 566086 566529 566818 566918
630000 571867 571968 572259 572707 573256 573550 573843 574394 574844 575138 575240

v. 1966
 TABLE 3.1- 4

Table 3.1.3 Geopotential metres to geometric metres

Conversion des metres geopotentiels en metres
(

Latitude
A

O' 10' 20' 30' 40' 45' 50' 60' 70' 80' 90' (
gpm m m m m m m m m m m m
1000 1002 1002 1002 1001 1000 1000 999 998 998 997 997
2000 2005 2004 2003 2002 2000 1999 1998 1997 1995 1994 1994 (
3000 3007 3007 3006 3003 3001 3000 2998 2996 2993 2992 2992
4000 4011 4010 4008 4005 4002 4000 3998 3995 3992 3990 3989
5000 5014 5013 5011 5007 5003 5001 4998 4994 4991 4988 4988
6000 6018 6017 6014 6010 6005 6002 5999 5994 5990 5987 5986 (
700a 7022 7021 7018 7013 7007 7003 7000 6994 6989 6986 6985
8000 8026 8025 8021 8016 8009 8005 8001 7994 7989 7985 7984
9000 9031 9029 9025 9019 9011 9007 9003 8995 8989 8985 8983
10000 10036 10034 10030 10023 10014 10009 10005 9996 9989 9985 9983
11000 11041 11040 11034 11027 11017 11012 11007 10998 10990 10985 10983 (
12000 12047 12045 12040 12031 12021 12015 12010 11999 11991 11985 11983
13000 13053 13051 13045 13036 13024 13018 13012 13001 12992 12986 12984
14000 14059 14057 14051 14041 14029 14022 14016 14003 13994 13987 13985
15000 15066 15063 15057 15046 15033 15026 15019 15006 14995 14989 14986 (
16000 16073 16070 16063 16052 16038 16030 16023 16009 15998 15990 15988
17000 17080 17077 17069 17057 17043 17035 17027 17012 17000 16992 16990
18000 18088 18085 18076 18064 18048 18040 18031 18016 18003 17995 17992
19000
20000
19096
20104
19092 19084 19070
20077
19054
20060
19045
20050
19036
20041
19020
20024
19006
20010
18997
20000
18994
19997
(
20101 20091
21000 21112 21W9 21099 21084 21066 21056 21047 21028 21013 21004 21000
22000 22121 22118 22107 22092 22073 22062 22052 22033 22018 22007 22004
23000 23130 23127 23116 23100 23080 23069 23058 23038 23022 23011 23008
24000 24140 24136 24125 24108 24087 24076 24065 24044 24027 24016 24012
25000 25150 25146 25134 25116 25094 25083 25071 25050 25032 25020 25016
26000 26160 26156 26144 26125 26102 26090 26078 26056 26037 26025 26021
27000
28000
27170 27166 27153
28164
27134
28144
27111
28119
27098
28106
27086
28093
27062
28069
27043
28049
27030
28036
27026
28031
(
28181 28177
29000 29192 29187 29174 29153 29128 29115 29101 29076 29055 29042 29037
30000 30204 30199 30185 30163 30137 30123 30109 30083 30062 30048 30043
35000 35266 35260 35244 35219 35188 35172 35155 35125 35100 35083 35078 (
40000 40336 40329 40310 40282 40247 40228 40209 40174 40145 40127 40120
45000 45414 45406 45385 45353 45313 45292 45271 45231 45199 45178 45171
50000 50500 50492 50468 50432 50388 50365 50341 50297 50261 50238 50229
55000 55594 55585 55559 55520 55471 55445 55419 55370 55331 55305 55296
(
60000 60697 60687 60658 60615 60562 60533 60505 60452 60408 60380 60370
65000 65807 65796 65766 65719 65661 65630 65599 65541 65494 65464 65453
70000 70926 70914 70881 70830 70768 70734 70701 70639 70588 70555 70543
75000 76053 .76040 76005 75950 75883 75847 75812 75745 75690 75654 75642
80000 81188 81175 81137 81078 81006 80968 80930 80858 80800 80762 80749 (
85000 86331 86317 86277 86214 86138 86097 86057 85980 85918 85877 85863
90000 91483 91468 91425 91359 91278 91234 91191 91110 91044 91001 90986
95000 96643 96627 96581 96511 96426 96380 96334 96248 96178 96133 96117
100000 101811 101794 101746 101672 101582 101534 101485 101395 101321 101273 101256 (
105000 106988 106970 106919 106842 106746 106695 106645 106549 106472 106421 106403
110000 112173 112154 112101 112019 111919 111866 111812 111712 111631 111577 111559
115000 117366 117346 117291 117205 117100 117044 116988 116883 116798 116742 116723
120000 122567 122547 122489 122399 122289 122231 122172 122062 121973 121915 121894
125000 127777 127756 127695 127602 127487 127426 127365 127250 127157 127096 127075
130000 132996 132974 132910 132813 132693 132629 132566 132446 132349 132285 132263

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.1 - 5

Latitude
A

O· 10· 20· 30· 40· 45· 50· 60· 70· 80· 90·
gpm m m m m m m m m m m m
130000 132996 132974 132910 132813 132693 132629 132566 132446 132349 132285 132263
140000 143458 143434 143365 143260 143130 143061 142992 142863 142757 142689 142665
150000 153954 153928 153854 153740 153601 153526 153452 153313 153199 153125 153100
160000 164484 164456 164377 164255 164105 164026 163946 163797 163675 163596 163568
170000 175048 175019 174934 174804 174644 174559 174474 174314 174184 174100 174070
180000 185647 185616 185525 185387 185217 185126 185036 184866 184727 184637 184606
190000 196280 196247 196151 196004 195824 195728 195632 195451 195305 195209 195176
200000 206948 206913 206812 206656 206465 206363 206262 206071 205916 205815 205779
210000 217651 217614 217507 217343 217141 217034 216927 216725 216561 216455 216418
220000 228389 228350 228237 228064 227852 227739 227626 227414 227242 227129 227090
230000 239163 239121 239003 238821 238598 238479 238361 238138 237957 237838 237797
240000 249971 249928 249804 249613 249379 249255 249130 248896 248706 248582 248539
250000 260815 260770 260640 260440 260196 260065 259935 259690 259491 259361 259316
260000 271696 271648 271512 271303 271047 270911 270775 270519 270311 270175 270128
270000 282612 282562 282420 282202 281935 281793 281651 281383 281166 281024 280975
280000 293564 293512 293364 293137 292858 292710 292562 292284 292057 291909 291858
290000 304552 304499 304344 304108 303818 303663 303509 303219 302983 302830 302776
300000 315577 315522 315361 315115 314814 314653 314493 314191 313946 313786 313730
310000 326638 326581 326414 326159 325845 325679 325512 325199 324944 324778 324720
320000 337737 337677 337504 337239 336914 336741 336568 336243 335979 335807 335747
330000 348872 348810 348631 348356 348019 347840 347661 347324 347050 346872 346809
340000 360045 359981 359795 359511 359162 358976 358790 358442 358158 357973 357908
350000 371255 371189 370997 370702 370341 370149 369957 369596 369302 369111 369044
360000 382503 382434 382236 381931 381558 381359 381161 380787 380484 380286 380217
370000 393789 393718 393512 393198 392812 392606 392402 392016 391702 391498 391427
380000 405112 405039 404827 404502 404104 403892 403680 403282 402958 402747 402674
390000 416474 416398 416180 415845 415434 415215 414996 414586 414252 414034 413958
400000 427874 427796 427571 427225 426801 426576 426351 425927 425583 425358 425280
410000 439313 439232 439000 438644 438207 437975 437743 437307 436952 436721 436640
420000 450790 450707 450468 450101 449652 449413 449174 4~8725 448359 448121 448038
430000 462306 462221 461975 461598 461135 460889 460643 460181 459805 459560 459474
440000 473862 473774 473521 473133 472657 472404 472151 471675 471289 471036 470949
450000 485457 485367 485106 484707 484218 483957 483698 483209 482811 482552 482462
460000 497091 496999 496731 496321 495818 495551 495284 494781 494373 494106 494014
470000 508765 508670 508396 507974 507458 507183 506909 506393 505973 505700 505604
480000 520480 520382 520100 519667 519137 518855 518573 518044 517613 517332 517234
490000 532234 532134 531844 531401 530856 530567 530278 529734 529292 529004 528904
500000 544029 543926 543629 543174 542616 542318 542022 541465 541011 540715 540613
510000 555864 555758 555454 554987 554415 554110 553806 553235 552770 552467 552361
520000 567740 567632 567320 566841 566255 565943 565631 565045 564569 564258 564150
530000 579657 579546 579227 578736 578136 577815 577496 576896 576408 576089 575979
540000 591615 591502 591174 590672 590057 589729 589402 588787 588287 587961 587848
550000 603615 603499 603164 602650 602019 601684 601349 600720 600207 599874 599758
560000 615657 615538 615194 614668 614023 613680 613337 612693 612169 611827 611708
570000 627740 627618 627267 626729 626069 625717 625367 624707 624171 623821 623700
580000 639865 639741 639381 638831 638156 637796 637437 636763 636214 635857 635732
590000 652033 651905 651538 650975 650284 649917 649550 648861 648299 647934 647807
600000 664243 664113 663737 663161 662456 662080 661705 661000 660426 660053 659923
610000 676496 676363 675979 675391 674669 674285 673902 673181 672595 672213 672080
620000 688792 688656 688264 687662 686925 686533 686141 685405 684806 684416 684280
630000 701131 700992 700591 699977 699224 698823 698423 697671 697059 696661 696522

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2-1

Table 3.2 Geopotential differences between consecutive isobaric

surfaces as a function of mean virtual temperature
Differences de geopotentiel entre surfaces isobares
consecutives en fonction de la temperature virtuelle moyenne

p: isobaric surface pressure - pression dans la surface isobare

tmv: mean virtual temperature - temperature virtuelle moyenne

p tmv 0 1 4

mb 00 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
900 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 322 320 319 317 315 31.4 312 311 309 307
-60 338 336 334 333 331 330 328 326 325 323
-50 353 352 350 349 347 345 344 342 341 339

-40 369 368 366 364 363 361 360 358 357 355
-30 385 383 382 380 379 377 376 374 372 371
-20 401 399 398 396 395 393 391 390 388 387
-10 417 415 414 412 410 409 407 406 404 402
-0 433 431 429 428 426 425 423 421 420 418

0 433 434 436 437 439 441 442 444 445 447
10 448 450 452 453 455 456 458 460 461 463
20 464 466 467 469 471 472 474 475 477 479
30 480 482 483 485 486 488 490 491 493 494
40 496 498 499 501 502 504 505 507 509 510
50 512 513 515 517 518 520 521 523 524 526

950 ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '" •••••••••••••••••••

-70 305 304 302 301 299 298 296 295 293 292
-60 320 319 317 316 314 313 311 310 308 307
-50 335 334 332 331 329 328 326 325 323 322

-40 350 349 347 346 344 343 341 340 338 337
-30 365 364 362 361 359 358 356 355 353 352
-20 380 379 377 376 374 373 371 370 368 367
-to 395 394 392 391 389 388 386 385 383 382
-0 410 409 407 406 404 403 401 400 398 397

0 410 412 413 415 416 418 419 421 422 424
10 425 427 428 430 431 433 434 436 437 439
20 440 442 443 445 446 448 449 451 452 454
30 455 457 458 460 461 463 464 466 467 469
40 470 472 473 475 476 478 480 481 483 484
50 486 487 489 490 492 493 495 496 498 499

1000 •••••••••••••• '" ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 290 289 287 286 285 283 282 280 279 277
-60 305 303 302 300 299 297 296 295 293 292
-50 319 317 316 315 313 312 310 309 307 306

-40 333 332 330 329 327 326 325 323 322 320
-30 347 346 345 343 342 340 339 337 336 335
-20 362 360 359 357 356 355 353 352 350 349
-10 376 375 373 372 370 369 367 366 365 363
-0 390 389 388 386 385 383 382 380 379 377
0 390 392 393 395 396 398 399 400 402 403
10 405 406 408 409 410 412 413 415 416 418
20 419 420 422 423 425 426 428 429 430 432
30 433 435 436 438 439 440 442 443 445 446
40 448 449 450 452 453 455 456 458 459 460
50 462 463 465 466 468 469 470 472 473 475

1050 ••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••• '" ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2- 2
r
(
p t mv 0 1 4 8 9
mb 00 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
700 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
(
-70 411 409 406 404 402 400 398 396 394 392
-60 431 429 427 425 423 421 419 417 415 413
-50 451 449 447 445 443 441 439 437 435 433
-40 471 469 467 465 463 461 459 457 455 453
-30 491 489 487 485 483 481 479 477 475 473
-20 512 510 508 506 503 501 499 497 495 493
-10 532 530 528 526 524 522 520 518 516 514
-0 552 550 548 546 544 542 540 538 536 534

0 552 554 556 558 560 562 564 566 568 570
10 572 574 576 578 580 582 584 586 588 590
20 592 594 596 598 601 603 605 607 609 611
30 613 615 617 619 621 623 625 627 629 631
40 633 635 637 639 641 643 645 647 649 651 (
750 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 384 382 380 378 376 375 373 371 369 367
-60 403 401 399 397 395 393 392 390 388 386
-50 422 420 418 416 414 412 410 409 407 405

-40 441 439 437 435 433 431 429 428 426 424
-30 460 458 456 454 452 450 448 446 445 443
-20 479 477 475 473 471 469 467 465 463 462
-10 497 496 494 492 490 488 486 484 482 480
-0 516 514 513 511 509 507 505 503 501 499

0 516 518 520 522 524 526 528 530 531 533
10 535 537 539 541 543 545 547 548 550 552
20 554 556 558 560 562 564 566 567 569 571 (
30 573 575 577 579 581 583 584 586 588 590
40 592 594 596 598 600 601 603 605 607 609
800 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
(
-70 361 359 357 355 354 352 350 348 347 345
-60 379 377 375 373 371 370 368 366 364 363
-50 396 394 393 391 389 387 386 384 382 380

-40 414 412 410 409 407 405 403 402 400 398 (
-30 432 430 428 426 425 423 421 419 418 416
-20 450 448 446 444 442 441 439 437 435 434
-10 467 466 464 462 460 458 457 455 453 451
-0 485 483 481 480 478 476 474 473 471 469
(
0 485 487 489 490 492 494 496 497 499 501
10 503 505 506 508 510 512 513 515 517 519
20 521 522 524 526 528 529 531 533 535 537
30 538 540 542 544 545 547 549 551 553 554
40 556 558 560 561 563 565 567 569 570 572
850 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 340 338 337 335 333 332 330 328 327 325
-60
-50
357
374
355
372
354
370
352
369
350
367
348
365
347
364
345
362
343
360
342
359
(
-40 390 389 387 385 384 382 380 379 377 375
-30 407 405 404 402 400 399 397 395 394 392
-20 424 422 420 419 417 415 414 412 410 409
-10 441 439 437 436 434 432 431 429 427 426
-0 457 456 454 452 451 449 447 446 444 442
0 457 459 461 462 464 466 467 469 471 472
10 474 476 479 481 482 484 486
20 491 492
477
494 496 497 499 501 503
487
504
489
506
(
30 508 509 511 513 514 516 518 519 521 523
40 524 526 528 529 531 533 534 536 538 539
50 541 543 544 546 548 549 551 553 554 556
900 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (
V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2-3

p tmv 1 4

mb °C gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
500 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 567 564 562 559 556 553 550 548 545 542
-60 595 592 589 587 584 581 578 576 573 570
-50 623 620 617 615 612 609 606 603 601 598

-40 651 648 645 643 640 637 634 631 629 626
-30 679 676 673 670 668 665 662 659 656 654
-20 707 704 701 698 696 693 690 687 684 682
-10 735 732 729 726 723 721 718 715 712 710
-0 763 760 757 754 751 749 746 743 740 737

0 763 765 768 771 77'4 777 779 782 785 788
10 790 793 796 799 802 804 807 810 813 816
20 818 821 824 827 830 832 835 838 841 844
30 846 849 852 855 857 860 863 86b 869 871

550 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
-70 518 515 513 510 508 505 502 500 497 495
-60 543 541 538 536 533 531 528 525 523 520
-50 569 566 564 561 559 556 553 551 548 546

-40 594 592 589 587 584 581 579 576 574 571
-30 620 617 615 612 610 607 604 602 599 597
-20 645 643 640 638 635 632 630 627 625 622
-10 671 668 666 663 660 658 655 653 650 648
-0 696 694 691 689 686 683 681 678 676 673
0 696 699 701 704 706 709 711 714 717 719
10 722 724 727 729 732 734 737 739 742 745
20 747 750 752 755 757 760 762 765 768 770
30 773 775 778 780 783 785 788 790 793 796

600 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
-70 476 474 472 469 467 465 462 460 458 455
-60 500 497 495 493 490 466 466 463 461 479
-50 523 521 518 516 514 511 509 507 504 502
-40 547 544 542 540 537 535 533 530 526 52f
-30 570 566 565 563 561 556 556 554 551 549
-20 594 591 569 566 564 562 579 577 575 572
-10 617 615 612 610 608 605 603 601 596 596
-0 640 636 636 633 631 629 626 624 622 (,19
0 640 643 645 647 650 652 654 657 659 662
10 664 666 669 671 673 676 676 660 663 665
20 667 690 692 694 697 699 701 704 706 706
30 711 713 715 718 720 722 725 727 730 732
40 734 737 739 741 744 746 746 751 753 755

650 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
-70 441 439 437 434 432 430 426 426 424 421
-60 463 461 456 456 454 452 450 447 445 443
-50 464 462 460 476 476 474 471 469 467 465
-40 506 504 502 500 497 495 493 491 469 467
-30 526 526 523 521 519 517 515 513 510 506
-20 550 547 545 543 541 539 536 534 532 530
-10 571 569 567 565 563 560 556 556 554 552
-0 593 591 569 566 564 562 560 576 576 573
0 593 595 597 599 602 604 606 606 610 612
10 615 617 619 621 623 625 626 630 632 634
20 636 639 641 643 645 647 649 652 654 656
30 658 660 662 665 667 669 671 673 675 676
40 660 662 664 666 666 691 693 695 697 699
700 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V. 1966
 r
TABLE 3.2 - 4 (
I
p

mb
tmv
00
0
gpm
1
gpm gpm gpm gpm
4
gpm gpm gpm
7
gpm
8
gpm ( I
i
300 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 917 913 908 904 899 895 890 886 881 877
-60 962 958 953 949 944 940 935 931 926 922
-50 1008 1003 999 994 990 985 980 976 971 967
-40 1053 1048 1044 1039 1035 1030 1026 1021 1017 1012
-30 1098 1093 1089 1084 1080 1075 1071 1066 1062 1057
-20
-10
1143
1188
1139
1184
1134
1179
1129
1175
1125
1170
1120
1166
1116
1161
1111
1157
1107
1152
1102
1148
(
-0 1233 1229 1224 1220 1215 1211 1206 1202 1197 1193

0 1233 1238 1242 1247 1251 1256 1260 1265 1269 1274
10 1278 1283 1288 1292 1297 1301 1306 1310 1315 1319
20 1324 1328 1333 1337 1342 1346 1351 1355 1360 1364 (
350 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-70 795 791 787 783 779 775 771 767 763 759
-60 834 830 826 822 818 814 810 806 802 798 (
-50 873 869 865 861 857 853 849 845 842 838

-40 912 908 904 900 896 892 888 885 881 877
-30 951 947 943 939 935 931 928 924 920 916
-20 990 986 982 978 974 971 967 963 959 955 (
-10 1029 1025 1021 1018 1014 1010 1006 1002 998 994
-0 1068 1064 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1033

0 1068 1072 1076 1080 1084 1088 1092 1096 1100 1104
10 1107 1111 1115 1119
1158
1123 1127 1131
1170
1135
1174
1139
1178
1143 (
20 1147 1150 1154 1162 1166 1182

400 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• _••••••••

-70
-60
701
735
697
732
694
728
691
725
687
722
684
718
680
715
677
711
673
708
670
704
(
-50 770 766 763 760 756 753 749 746 742 739

-40 804 801 797 794 791 787 784 780 777 773
-30
-20
839
873
835
870
832
866
829
863
825
860
822
856
818
853
815
849
811
846
808
842
(
-10 908 904 901 898 894 891 887 884 880 877
-0 942 939 935 932 929 925 922 918 915 911

0
10
942
977
946
980
949
984
953
987
956
991
960
994
963
998
967
1001
970
1004
973
1008
(
20 1011 1015 1018 1022 1025 1029 1032 1036 1039 1042
30 1046 1049 1053 1056 1060 1063 1067 1070 1073 1077

450 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
(
-70 627 624 621 618 615 612 608 605 602 599
-60 658 655 652 649 645 642 639 636 633 630
-50 689 686 682 679 676 673 670 667 664 661

-40 720 716 713 710 707 704 701 698 695 692 (
-30 750 747 744 741 738 735 732 729 726 723
-20 781 778 775 772 769 766 763 760 757 753
-10 812 809 806 803 800 797 794 791 787 784
-0 843 840 837 834 831 828 824 821 818 815
(
0 843 846 849 852 855 858 861 865 868 871
10 874 877 880 883 886 889 892 895 899 902
20 905 908 911 9.14 917 920 923 926 929 932
30 936 939 942 945 948 951 954 957 960 963

500 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

(
V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2 - 5

p I mv 0 2 4 7

mb °0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
150 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••

-90 827 822 818 813 809 804 800 795 791 786
-80 872 868 863 859 854 850 845 841 836 831
-70 917 913 908 904 899 895 890 886 881 877
-60 962 958 953 949 944 940 935 931 926 922
-50 1008 1003 999 994 990 985 980 976 971 967

-40 1053 1048 1044 1039 1035 1030 1026 1021 1017 1012
-30 1098 1093 1089 1084 1080 1075 1071 1066 1062 1057
-20 1143 1139 1134 1129 1125 1120 1116 1111 1107 1102
-10 1188 1184 1179 1175 1170 1166 1161 1157 1152 1148
-0 1233 1229 1224 1220 1215 1211 1206 1202 1197 1193

0 1233 1238 1242 1247 1251 1256 1260 1265 1269 1274

175 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " •••••••••

-90 716 712 709 705 701 697 693 689 685 681
-80 755 752 748 744 740 736 732 728 724 720
-70 795 791 787 783 779 775 771 767 763 759
-60 834 830 826 822 818 814 810 806 802 798
-50 873 869 865 8bl 857 853 849 845 842 838

-40 912 908 904 900 896 892 888 885 881 877
-30 951 947 943 939 935 931 928 924 920 916
-20 990 986 982 978 974 971 967 963 959 955
-10 1029 1025 1021 1018 1014 1010 1006 1002 998 994
-0 1068 1064 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1033

0 1068 1072 1076 1080 1084 1088 1092 1096 1100 1104
10 1107 1111 1115 1119 1123 1127 1131 1135 1139 1143

200 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-80 1262 1256 1249 1243 1236 1230 1223 1217 1210 1204
-70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269
-60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334
-50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400

-40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465
-30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530
-20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596
-10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661
-0 1785 1779 1772 1766 1759 1753 l746 1740 1733 1727

0 1785 1792 1798 1805 1811 1818 1825 1831 1838 1844
10 1851 1857 1864 1870 1877 1883 1890 1896 1903 1910
20 1916 1923 1929 1936 1942 1949 1955 1962 1968 1975
30 1981 1988 1994 2001 2008 2014 2021 2027 2034 2040

250 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-80 1031 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983
-70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037
-60 1138 1133 1128 1122 1117 1112 1106 1101 1096 1090
-50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144

-40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197
-30 1299 1293 1288 1282 1277 1272 1266 1261 1256 1250
-20 1352 1347 1341 1336 1331 1325 1320 1315 1309 1304
-10 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1379 1373 1368 1363 1357
-0 1459 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411

0 1459 1464 1469 1475 1480 1485 1491 1496 1501 1507
10 1512 1517 1523 1528 1533 1539 1544 1550 1555 1560

300 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2 - 6

p t mv 0 4 7
mb °0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
70 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 677 673 669 666 662 658 654 650 646 642
-90 716 712 709 705 701 69.7 693 689 685 681
-80 755 752 748 744 740 736 732 728 724 720
-70 795 791 787 783 779 775 771 767 763 759
-60 834 830 826 822 818 814 810 806 802 798
-50 873 869 865 861 857 853 849 845 842 838

-40 912 908 904 900 896 892 888 885 881 877
-30 951 947 943 939 935 931 928 924 920 916
-20 990 986 982 978 974 971 967 963 959 955
-10 1029 1025 1021 1018 1014 1010 1006 1002 998 994
-0 1068 1064 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1033

80 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 597 594 590 587 584 580 577 573 570 566
-90 632 628 625 622 618 615 611 608 604 601
-80 666 663 659 656 653 649 646 642 639 635
-70 701 697 694 691 687 684 680 677 673 670
-60 735 732 728 725 722 718 715 711 708 704
-50 770 766 763 760 756 753 749 746 742 739

-40 804 801 797 794 791 787 784 780 777 773
-30 839 835 832 829 825 822 818 815 811 808
-20 873 870 866 863 860 856 853 849 846 842
-10 908 904 901 898 894 891 887 884 880 877
-0 942 939 935 932 929 925 922 918 915 911

90 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 534 531 528 525 522 51'J 516 513 510 507
-90 565 562 559 556 553 550 547 544 541 537
-80 596 593 590 587 584 581 578 574 571 568
-70 627 624 621 618 615 612 608 605 602 599
-60 658 655 652 649 645 642 639 636 633 630
-50 689 686 682 679 676 673 670 667 664 661

-40 720 716 713 710 707 704 701 698 695 692
-30 750 747 744 741 738 735 732 729 726 723
-20 781 778 775 772 769 766 763 760 757 753
-10 812 809 806 803 800 797 794 791 787 784
-0 843 840 837 834 831 828 824 821 818 815

100 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-90 1197 1191 1184 1177 1171 1164 1158 1151 1145 1138
-80 1262 1256 1249 1243 1236 1230 1223 1217 1..210 1204
-70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269
-60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334
-50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400

-40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465
-30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530
-20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596
-10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661
-0 1785 1779 1772 1766 1759 1753 1746 1740 1733 1727
125 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-90 978 973 967 962 957 951 946 941 935 930
-80 1031 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983
-70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037
-60 1138 1133 1128 1122 1117 1112 1106 1101 1096 1090
-50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144
-40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197
-30 1299 1293 1288 1282 1277 1272 1266 1261 1256 1250
-20 1352 1347 1341 1336 1331 1325 1320 1315 1309 1304
-10 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1379 1373 1368 1363 1357
-0 1459 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411
0 1459 1464 1469 1475 1480 1485 1491 1496 1501 1507
 TABLE 3.2-7

p t mv 0 1 4 7

mb °0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
30 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 1459 1451 1442 1434 1425 1417 1408 1400 1392 1383
-90 1543 1535 1526 1518 1510 1501 1493 1484 1476 1467
-80 1628 1619 1611 1602 1594 1585 1577 1569 1560 1552
-70 1712 1703 1695 1687 1678 1670 1661 1653 1644 1636
-60 1796 1788 1779 1771 1762 1754 1746 1737 1729 1720
-50 1880 1872 1864 1855 1847 1838 1830 1821 1813 1805

-40 1965 1956 1948 1939 1931 1923 1914 1906 1897 1889
-30 2049 2040 2032 2024 2015 2007 1998 1990 1981 1973
-20 2133 2125 2116 2108 2099 2091 2083 2074 2066 2057
-10 2217 2209 2201 2192 2184 2175 2167 2158 2150 2142
-0 2302 2293 2285 2276 2268 2260 2251 2243 2234 2226

0 2302 2310 2319 2327 2335 2344 2352 2361 2369 2378
10 2386 2394 2403 2411 2420 2428 2437 2445 2453 2462
20 2470 2479 2487 2496 2504 2512 2521 2529 2538 2546

40 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 1132 1125 1119 1112 1106 1099 1093 1086 1079 1073
-90 1197 1191 1184 1177 1171 1164 1158 1151 1145 1138
-80 1262 1256 1249 1243 1236 1230 1223 1217 1210 1204
-70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269
-60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334
-50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400

-40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465
-30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530
-20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596
-10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661
-0 1785 1779 1772 1766 1759 1753 1746 1740 1733 1727

50 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 925 919 914 909 903 898 893 887 882 877
-90 978 973 967 962 957 951 946 941 935 930
-80 1031 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983
-70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037
-60 1138 1133 1128 1122 1117 1112 1106 1101 1096 1090
-50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144

-40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197
-30 1299 1293 1288 1282 1277 1272 1266 1261 1256 1250
-20 1352 1347 1341 1336 1331 1325 1320 1315 1309 1304
-10 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1379 1373 1368 1363 1357
-0 1459 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411

60 .............................................................. ,. .......................................................................... ........

-100 782 777 773 768 764 759 755 750 746 741
-90 821 822 818 813 809 804 800 795 791 786
-80 872 868 863 859 854 850 845 841 836 831
-70 917 913 908 904 899 895 890 886 881 877
-60 962 958 953 949 944 940 935 931 926 922
-50 1008 1003 999 994 990 985 980 976 971 967

-40 1053 1048 1044 1039 1035 1030 1026 1021 1017 1012
-30 1098 1093 1089 1084 1080 1075 1071 1066 1062 1057
-20 1143 1139 1134 1129 1125 1120 1116 1111 1107 1102
-10 1188 1184 1179 1175 1170 1166 1161 1157 1152 1148
-0 1233 1229 1224 1220 1215 1211 1206 1202 1197 1193

70 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.2 - 8 (
p t mv 0 4 7 8
mb ·0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
5 ...........................................................................
(
-100 3515 3495 3475 3455 3434 3414 3394 3373 3353 3333
-90 3716 3696 3676 3656 3637 3617 3597 3576 3556 3536
-60
-70
3922
4125
3901
4104
3681
4064
3661
4064
3640
4043
3820
4023
3600
4003
3779
3962
3759
3962
3739
3942 (
-60 4326 4307 4267 4267 4246 4226 4206 4165 4165 4145
-50 4531 4510 4490 4470 4449 4429 4409 4366 4366 4346
~40 4734 4713 4693 4673 4652 4632 4612 4592 4571 4551
-30 4937 4916 4696 4676 4655 4835 4815 4795 4774 4754 (
-20 5140 5119 5099 5079 5056 5036 5016 4996 4977 4957
-10 5343 '5322 5302 5262 5262 5241 5221 5201 5180 5160
-0 5546 5525 5505 5485 5465 5444 5424 5404 5383 5363

10 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

-100 3515 3495 3475 3455 3434 3414 3394 3373 3353 3333
-90 3716 3698 3678 3658 3637 3617 3597 3576 3556 3536
-80 3922 3901 3881 3861 3840 3620 3800 3779 3759 3739
-70 4125 4104 4084 4064 4043 4023 4003 3982 3962 3942 (
-60 4328 4107 4287 4267 4246 4226 4206 4185 4165 4145
-50 4531 4510 4490 4470 4449 4429 4409 4388 4368 4348

-40 4734 4713 4693 4673 4652 4632 4612 4592 4571 4551
-30 4937 4916 4896 4876 4655 4835 4815 4795 4774 4754 (
-20 5140 5119 5099 5079 5058 5038 5018 4998 4977 4957
-10 5343 5322 5302 5282 5262 5241 5221 5201 5160 5160
-0 5546 5525 5505 5485 5465 5444 5424 5404 5383 5363

0 5546 5566 5586 5607 5627

5830
5647 5668 5686
5891
5708 5728 (
10 5749 5769 5789 5810 5850 5871 5911 5932
20 5952 5972 5992 6013 6033 6053 6074 6094 6114 6135
30 6155 6175 6195 6216 6236 6256 6277 6297 6317 6338
40 6358 6378 6398 6419 6439 6459 6480 6500 6520 6541

20 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.••
(
-100 2056 2045 2033 2021 2·009 1997 1985 1973 1961 1950
-90 2175 2163 2151 2140 2128 2116 2104 2092 2080 2068
-80 2294 2282 2270 2258 2246 2235 2223 2211 2199 2187
-70 2413 2401 2389 2377 2365 2353 2341 2330 2318 2306
-60 2531 2520 2508 2496 2484 2472 2460 2448 2436 2425
-50 2650 2638 2626 2615 2603 2591 2579 2567 2555 2543

-40 2769 2757 2745 2733 2721 2710 2698 2686 2674 2662
-30 2888 2876 2864 2852 2840 2828 2617 2805 2793 2781
-20 3007 2995 2983 2971 2959 2947 2935 2923 2912 2900
-10 3125 3113 3102 3090 3078 3066 3054 1042 3030 3018
-0 3244 3232 3220 3208 3197 3185 3173 3161 3149 3137

0 3244 3256 3268 3280 3292 3303 3315 3327 3339 3351
10 3363 337:; 1387 3398 3410 3422 3434 3446 3458 3470

30 ••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
(

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.3-1

Table 3.3 Geopotential differences between pairs of standard isobaric

surfaces as a function of mean virtual temperature
Differences de geopotentiel entre les surfaces isobares standard
prises deux a deux en fonction de la temperature virtuelle
moyenne
p: pressure on standard isobaric surface - pression dans la surface isobare standard
tmv: mean virtual temperature - temperature virtuelle moyenne

A Consecutive standard isobaric surfaces

Surfaces isobares standard consecutives
p tmv 0 1 4 7 8

mb °0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
500 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
-100 1706 1697 1687 1677 1667 1657 1647 1638 1628 1618
-90 1805 1795 1785 1775 1766 1756 1746 1736 1726 1716
-80 1904 1894 1884 1874 1864 18~4 1844 1835 1825 1815
-70 2002 1992 1982 1973 1963 1953 1943 1933 1923 1913
-60 2101 2091 2081 2071 2061 2051 2042 2032 2022 2012
-50 2199 2189 2180 2170 2160 2150 2140 2130 2120 21 Ll

-40 2298 2288 2278 2268 2258 2249 2239 2229 2219 2209
-30 2396 2387 2377 2367 2357 2347 2337 2327 2318 2308
-20 2495 2485 2475 2465 2456 2446 2436 2426 2416 2406
-10 2594 2584 2574 2564 2554 2544 2534 2525 2515 2505
-0 2692 2682 2672 2662 2653 2643 2633 2623 2613 2603

0 2692 2702 2712 2722 2731 2741 2751 2761 2771 2781
10 2791 2800 2810 2820 2830 2840 2850 2860 2869 2879
20 2889 2899 2909 2919 2929 2938 2948 2958 2968 2978
30 2988 2998 3007 3017 3027 3037 3047 3057 3067 3076
40 3086 3096 3106 3116 3126 3136 3145 3155 3165 3175

700 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••

-70 1155 1150 1144 1138 1133 1127 1121 1116 1110 1104
-60 1212 1207 1201 1195 1189 1184 1178 1172 1167 1161
-50 1269 1263 1258 1252 1246 1241 1235 1229 1224 1218

-40 1326 1320 1315 1309 1303 1297 1292 1286 1280 1275
-30 1383 1377 1371 1366 1360 1354 1349 1343 1337 1332
-20 1440 1434 1428 1423 1417 1411 1406 1400 1394 1388
-10 1497 1491 1485 1479 1474 1468 1462 1457 1451 1445
-0 1553 1548 1542 1536 1531 1525 1519 1514 1508 1502

0 1553 1559 1565 1570 1576 1582 1588 1593 1599 1605
10 1610 1616 1622 1627 1633 1639 1644 1650 1656 1661
20 1667 1673 1679 1684 1690 1696 1701 1707 1713 1718
30 1724 1730 1735 1741 1747 1752 1758 1764 1770 1775
40 1781 1787 1792 1798 1804 1809 181S 1821 1826 1832

850 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
-70 967 962 958 953 948 943 939 934 929 924
-60 1015 1010 1005 1000 996 991 986 981 977 972
-50 1062 1058 1053 1048 1043 1038 1034 1029 1024 1019
-40 1110 1105 1100 1096 1091 1086 1081 1077 1072 1067
-30 1157 1153 1148 1143 1138 1134 1129 1124 1119 1115
-20 1205 1200 1196 1191 1186 1181 1177 1172 1167 1162
-10 1253 1248 1243 1238 1234 1229 1224 1219 1215 1210
-0 1300 1296 1291 1286 1281 1276 1272 1267 1262 1257
0 1300 1305 1310 1315 1319 1324 132'J 1334 1338 1343
10 1348 1353 1357 1362 1367 1372 1376 1381 1386 1391
20 1395 1400 1405 1410 1415 1419 1424 1429 1434 1438
30 1443 1448 1453 1457 1462 1467 1472 1476 1481 1486
40 1491 1495 1500 1505 1510 1515 1519 1524 1529 1534
50 1538 1543 1548 1553 1557 1562 1567 1572 1576 1581
 TABLE 3.3-2
(
p tmv 0 2 4
gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
mb °0 (
10 ...........................................................................
table 3.2
20 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
table 3.2
(
30 •..••.••...•..•........•.......•••.•...............•..•....•....•.•........
-100 2591 2576 2561 2546 2531 2516 2501 2486 2471 2456
-90 2740 2725 2710 2696 2681 2666 2651 2636 2621 2606 {
-80 2890 2875 2860 2845 2830 2815 2800 2785 2770 2755
-70 3040 3025 3010 2995 2980 2965 2950 2935 2920 2.905
-60 3189 3174 3159 3144 3129 3114 3100 3085 3070 3055
-50 3339 3324 3309 3294 3279 3264 3249 3234 3219 3204
(
-40 3489 3474 3459 3444 3429 3414 3399 3384 3369 3354
-30 3638 3623 3608 3593 3578 3563 3548 3533 3518 3503
-20 3788 3773 3758 3743 3728 3713 3698 3683 3668 3653
-10 3937 3922 3907 3893 3878 3863 3848 3833 3818 3803
-0 4087 4072 4057 4042 4027 4012 3997 3982 3967 3952

0 4087 4102 4117 4132 4147 4162 4177 4192 4207 4222
10 4237 4252 4267 4282 4297 4311 4326 4341 4356 4371
20 4386 4401 4416 4431 4446 4461 4476 4491 4506 4521
30 4536 4551 4566 4581 4596 4611 4626 4641 4656 4671 (
50 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••
= 500/700
70 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• (
-100 1809 17·99 1788 1778 1767 1757 1746 1736 1725 1715
-90 1913 1903 1893 1882 1872 1861 1851 1840 1830 1819
-80 2018 2007 1997 1987 1976 1966 1955 1945 1934 1924
-70 2122 2112 2101 2091 2081 2070 2060 2049 2039 2028 (
-60 2227 2216 2206 2196 2185 2175 2164 2154 2143 2133
-50 2331 2321 2310 2300 2290 2279 2269 2258 2248 2237

-40 2436 2425 2415 2404 2394 2384 2373 2363 2352 2342
-30 2540 2530 2519 2509 2498 2488 2478 2467 2457 2446
-20 2645 2634 2624 2613 2603 2593 ·2582 2572 2561 2551
-10 2749 2739 2728 2718 2707 2697 2687 2676 2666 2655
-0 2854 2843 2833 2822 2812 2801 2791 2781 2770 2760

0 2854 2864 2875 2885 2895 2906 2916 2927 2937 2948
10 2958 2969 2979 2990 3000 3010 3021 3031 3042 3052
20 3063 3073 3084 3094 3104 3115 3125 3136 3146 3157
30 3167 3178 3188 3198 3209 3219 3230 3240 3251 3261
40 3272 3282 3292 B03 3313 3324 3334 3345 3355 3366
50 3376 3387 3397 3407 3418 3428 3439 3449 3460 3470

100 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••
= 20/30 - table 3.2
150 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• _•••••••• (
= 30/40 - tab,le 3.2
200 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
= 20/30 - table 3.2 (
300 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••
= 30 fl.O - table 3.2
400 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (
=200/250 - table 3.2
500 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.3 - 3

B Selected pairs of non-consecutive standard isobaric surfaces

Surfaces isobares standard non consecutives, choisies par groupes de
deux
p t mv 0 1 4 6 7
gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
mb °0

100
= 10/20 table 3.2
200
150
= 10/20 table 3.2
300
200
= 10/20 table 3.2
400
300
= 30/50 table 3.3 - A
500
400
-70 3330 3314 3297 3261 3264 3246 3232 3215 3199 3162
-60 3494 3477 3461 3445 3426 3412 3396 3379 3363 3346
-50 3656 3641 3625 3609 3592 3576 3559 3543 3527 3510

-40 3622 3605 3769 3773 3756 3740 3723 3707 3691 3674
-30 3966 3969 3953 3936 3920 3904 3667 3671 3655 3636
-20 4150 4133 4117 4100 4064 4066 4051 4035 4016 4002
-10 4313 4297 4261 4264 4246 4232 4215 4199 4162 4166
-0 4477 4461 4445 4426 4412 4395 4379 4363 4346 4330

0 4477 4494 (,510 4527 4543 4559 4576 4592 4609 4625
10 4641 4656 4674 4690 4707 4723 4740 4756 4772 4769
20 4605 4622 4636 4654 4671 4867 4904 4920 4936 4953
30 4969 4966 5002 5018 5035 5051 5067 5064 5100 5117
40 5133 5149 5166 5162 5199 5215 5231 5246 5264 5261

700
500
-70 3157 3142 3126 3111 3095 3060 3064 3049 3033 3016
-60 3313 3297 3262 3266 3251 3235 3220 3204 3169 3173
-50 3466 3453 3437 3422 3406 3391 3375 3360 3344 3326

-40 3624 3606 3593 3577 3562 3546 3531 3515 3499 3464
-30 3779 3764 3746 3733 3717 3701 3666 3670 3655 3639
-20 3935 3919 3904 3666 3672 3657 3641 3626 3610 3795
-10 4090 4074 4059 4043 4026 4012 3997 3961 3966 3950
-0 4245 4230 4214 4199 4163 4166 4152 4137 4121 4106

0 4245 4261 4277 4292 4306 4323 4339 4354 4370 4385
10 4401 4416 4432 4446 4463 4479 4494 4510 4525 4541
20 4556 4572 4587 4603 4618 4634 4650 4665 4661 4696
30 4712 4727 4743 4756 4774 4769 4805 4621 4636 4652
40 4667 4663 4696 4914 4929 4945 4960 4976 4992 5007

850
500
= 10/20 table 3.2
1000
700
'= 70/100 table 3.3 - A
1000

Y. 1966
 TABLE 3.3-4

p tmv 0 2 4 7 8 9
mb °0 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
10
-100 5572 5540 5508 5475 5443 5411 5379 5347 5314 5282
-90 5894 5861 5829 5797 5765 5733 5701 5668 5636 5604
-80 6215 6163 6151 6119 6087 6055 6022 5990 5958 5926
-70 6537 6505 6473 6441 6409 6376 6344 6312 6280 6248
-60 6859 6827 6795 6763 6730 6696 6666 6634 6602 6569
-50 7161 7149 7116 7084 7052 7020 6988 6956 6923 6891
-40 7503 7470 7438 7406 7374 7342 7310 7277 7245 7213
-30 7824 7792 7760 7726 7696 7664 7631 7599 7567 7535
-20 6146 6114 8082 8050 6018 7965 7953 7921 7669 7657
-10 8468 8436 8404 8371 8339 8307 8275 8243 8211 8176
-0 8790 8758 6725 8693 8661 6629 6597 6565 8532 8500
30
20
-100 4647 4620 4594 4567 4540 4513 4486 4459 4432 4406
-90 4916 4689 4862 4835 4808 4761 4755 4728 4701 4674
-80 5184 5157 5130 5103 5077 5050 5023 4996 4969 4942
-70 5452 5426 5399 5372 5345 5316 5291 5264 5238 5211
-60 5721 5694 5667 5640 5613 5587 5560 5533 5506 5479
-50 5969 5962 5935 5909 5662 5855 5626 5601 5774 5746
-40 6258 6231 6204 6177 6150 6123 6096 6070 6043 6016
-30 6526 6499 6472 6445 6419 6392 6365 6338 6311 6284
-20 6794 6767 6741 6714 6687 6660 6633 6606 6580 6553
-10 7063 7036 7009 6962 6955 6929 6902 6875 6848 6821
-0 7331 7304 7277 7251 7224 7197 7170 7143 7116 7090
50
30
-lOP 4297 4272 4248 4223 4198 4173 4148 4124 4099 4074
-90 4545 4521 4496 4471 4446 4421 4397 4372 4347 4322
-80 4794 4769 4744 4719 4694 4670 4645 4620 4595 4570
-70 5042 5017 4992 4967 4943 4916 4893 4868 4643 4616
-60 5290 5265 5240 5216 5191 5166 5141 5116 5091 5067
-50 5538 5513 5489 5464 5439 5414 5369 5364 5340 5315

-40 5786 5762 5737 5712 5687 5662 5637 5613 5568 5563
-30 6035 6010 5985 5960 5935 5910 5866 5661 5636 58ll
-20 6263 6258 6233 6208 6183 6159 6134 6109 6084 6059
-10 6531 6506 6481 6456 6432 6407 6382 6357 6332 6308
-0 6779 6754 6729 6705 6680 6655 6630 6605 6561 6556

70

50
= 10/20 table 3.2
100
70
-100 3665 3843 3821 3798 3776 3754 3731 3709 3687 3664
-90 4069 4066 4044 4022 3999 3977 3955 3932 3910 3888
-80 4312 4290 4267 4245 4223 4200 4176 4156 4133 4111
-70 4535 4513 4490 4466 4446 4423 4401 4379 4356 4334
-60 4758 4736 4714 4691 4669 4647 4624 4602 4580 4557
-50 4962 4959 4937 4915 4892 4870 4648 4825 4803 4781

-40 5205 5182 5160 5136 5116 5093 5071 5049 5026 5004
-30 5428 5406 5363 5361 5339 5316 5294 5272 5249 5227
-20 5651 5629 5607 5584 5562 5540 5517 5495 5473 5450
-10 5675 5852 5830 5806 5785 5763 5741 5716 5696 5674
-0 6098 6075 6053 6031 6006 5986 5964 5941 5919 5897

0 6098 6120 6142 6165 6167 6209 6232 6254 6276 6299

150
 TABLE 3.4-1

Table 3.4.1 Geopotential differences between standard isobaric

surfaces and surfaces of given pressure below them,
with mean virtual temperature 0° C
Differences de geopotentiel entre les surfaces isobares
standard et les surfaces de pression donnee situees
au-dessous d'elles, pour une temperature virtuelle
moyenne de 0° C

P2: pressure of standard isobaric surfaces - pression des surfaces isobares standard
PI: pressure of given isobaric surfaces - pression des surfaces isobares donnees
p, p, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mb mb gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
850 0 9 19 28 38 47 56 66 75 84
860 94 103 112 121 131 140 149 158 168 177
870 186 195 204 214 223 232 241 250 259 268
880 278 287 296 305 314 323 332 341 350 359
B90 368 377 386 395 404 413 422 431 440 448
900 457 466 475 484 493 502 510 519 528 537
910 546 555 563 572 581 590 598 607 616 624
850 920 633 642 651 659 668 677 685 702 7ll
694
930 720 728 737 745 754 763 771 780 788 797
940 805 814 822 831 839 848 856 865 873 881
950 890 898 907 915 924 932 940 949 957 965
960 974 982 990 999 1007 1015 1024 1032 1040 1048
970 1057 1065 1073 1081 1090 1098 1106 1114 1122 1130
980 1139 1147 1155 1163 1171 1179 1187 1196 1204 1212
990 1220 1228 1236 1244 1252 1260 1268 1276 1284 1292
1000 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
1010 80 88 95 103 III 119 127 135 143 151
1020 158 166 174 182 190 198 205 213 221 229
1030 236 244 252 260 268 275 283 291 298 306
1040 314 321 329 337 345 352 360 367 375 383
1000 1050 390 398 406 413 421 428 436 444 451 459
1060 466 474 481 489 496 504 511 519 526 534
1070 541 549 556 564 571 579 586 593 601 608
1080 616 623 631 638 645 653 660 667 675 682
1090 689 697 704 711 719 726 733 741 748 755

Table 3.4.1'
p, p, 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
mb mb gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
1000 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7
1001 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 14 15
1002 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 22 23
1003 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 30 31
1004 32 33 34 34 35 36 37 38 38 39
1005 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 45 46 47
1006 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 53 54 55
1007 56 57 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 63
1008 64 65 65 66 67 68 69 69 70 71
1009 72 72 73 74 75 76 76 77 78 79

1010 80 80 81 82 83 84 84 85 86 87
1011 88 88 89 90 91 91 92 93 94 95
1012 95 96 97 98 99 99 100 101 102 103
1013 103 104 105 106 106 107 108 109 110 110
1014 111 112 113 114 114 115 116 117 118 118
1000 1015 119 120 121 121 122 123 124 125 125 126
1016 127 128 129 129 130 131 132 133 133 134
1017 135 136 136 137 138 139 140 140 141 142
1018 143 144 144 145 146 147 147 148 149 150
1019 151 151 152 153 154 155 155 156 157 158

1020 158 159 160 161 162 162 163 164 165 165
1021 166 167 168 169 169 170 171 172 173 173
1022 174 175 176 176 177 178 179 180 180 181
1023 182 183 183 184 185 186 187 187 188 189
1024 190 191 191 192 193 194 194 195 196 197
1025 198 198 199 200 201 201 202 203 204 205
1026 205 206 207 208 208 209 210 211 212 212
1027 213 214 215 215 216 217 218 219 219 220
1028 221 222 223 223 224 225 226 226 227 228
229 230 230 231 232 233 233 234 235 236
1029
_.-
 TABLE 3.4- 2

Table 3 ..4 . 2 Geopotential differences between standard isobaric

surfaces and surfaces of given pressure above them,
with mean virtual temperature 0° C
(
Differences de geopotentiel entre les surfaces isobares
standard et les surfaces de pression donnee
situees au.dessus d'elles, pour une temperature virtuelle (
moyenne de 0° C

PI: pressure of standard isobaric surfaces - pression des surfaces isobares standard (
P2: pressure of given isobaric surfaces - pression des surfaces isobares donnees

p, p, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (
mb mb gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
500 2692 2676 2660 2644 2628 2612 2597 2581 2565 2550
510 2534 2518 2502 2487 2471 2456 2440 2425 2409 2394
520 2378 2363 2348 2332 2317 2302 2286 2271 2256 2241 (
530
540
550
2226
2076
1929
=
2062
1915
2196
2047
1900
2181
2032
1886
2166
2017
1872
2151
2003
1857
2136
1988
1843
2l2l
1973
1828
2106
1959
1814
2091
1944
1800
5fil 1785 1771 1757 1743 1728 1714 1700 1686 1672 1658
570 1644 1630 1616 1fil2 158e 1574 15fil 1546 1532 1518
580
590
1505
1368
1491
1354
1477
1341
1463
1327
1450
1314
1436
1300
l422
1287
1409
1273
1395
1260
1381
1247
(
700
600 1233 l220 1207 ll93 ll80 1167 ll54 1141 1127 1114
610 1101 1088 1075 1062 1049 1036 1023 1010 997 984
620 971 958 945 932 920 907 894 881 868 8$6
630
640
843
717
830
704
818
692
805
680
792
667
780
655
767
642
755
630
742
618
729
605
(
650 593 581 568 556 544 532 519 507 495 483
660 471 459 447 434 422 410 )98 386 374 362
670 350 339 327 315 303 291 279 267 255 244
680 232 220 208 197 185 173 162 150 138 127
690 ll5 104 92 80 69 57 46 34 23 II (
700 1553 1542 1531 1519 1508 1496 1485 1474 1462 1451
710 1440 l429 1417 1406 1395 1384 1373 1361 1350 1339
720 1328 1317 1306 1295 1284 1273 1262 1251 l240 l229
730 1218 1207 ll96 1185 ll74 1163 ll52 1141 ll30 1120
740 llO9 1098 1087 1076 1066 1055 1044 1033 1023 1012
750 1001 991 980 969 959 948 938 927 917 906
760 895 885 874 864 853 843 833 622 812 801
770 791 780 770 760 749 739 729 718 708 698
850 780 688 677 667 657 647 636 626 616 606 596
790 586 576 565 555 545 535 525 515 505 495

800 485 475 465 455 445 435 425 415 405 396
810 386 376 366 356 346 336 327 317 307 297
820 287 278 268 258 249 239 229 219 210 200
830 191 181 171 162 152 142 133 123 114 104
76 66 38 28 19 9
840 95 85 57 47
(
850 1300 1291 1281 1272 1263 1253 1244 1235 1225 1216
860 1207 ll97 ll88 ll79 ll70 1160 ll51 1142 ll33 ll23
870 lll4 ll05 1096 1087 1078 1068 1059 1050 1041 1032
880 1023 1014 1005 996 986 977 968 959 950 941
890 932 923 914 905 896 888 879 870 861 852
(
900 843 834 825 816 807 799 790 781 772 763
910 755 746 737 728 719 71l 702 693 685 676
1000 920 667 658 650 641 632 624 615 606 598 589
930 581 572 563 555 546 538 529 521 512 504
940
950
495
410
487
402
478
394
470
385
461
377
453
368
444
360
436
352
427
343
419
335 (
960 327 318 310 302 293 285 277 268 260 252
970 244 235 227 219 2ll 203 194 186 178 170
980 162 153 145 137 129 l2l ll3 105 97 88
990 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8
(

V. 1966
(
 TABLE 3.4- 3

p, p, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mb mb gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
10 .... .... .... . ... .... 5546 4087 2854 1785 843
20 10 5546 4783 4087 3447 2854 2302 1785 1300 843 410
30 20 3244 2854 2481 2126 1785 1459 1145 843 552 271
30 4087 3825 3571 3324 3086 2854 2628 2409 2196 1988
50 40 1785 1588 1207
1395 1023 843 667 495 327 162
50 2692 2534 2378 2226 2076 1929 1785 1644 1505 1368
70 60 1233 1101 971 843 717 471
593 350 232 115
70 2854 2740 2628 2518 2409 2302 2196 2091 1988 1886
100 80 1785 1686 1588 1491 1395 1300 1207 1114 1023 932
90 843 755 667 581 495 410 327 244 162 80
100 3244 3164 3086 3008 2930 2854 2778 2703 2628 2555
110 2481 2409 2337 2266 2196 2126 2057 1988 1920 1852
150 120 1785 1719 1653 1588 1523 1459 1395 1332 1269 1207
130 1145 1084 1023 962 902 843 784 725 667 609
140 552 495 439 382 327 271 216 162 107 54
150 2302 2249 2196 2143 2091 2039 1988 1937 1886 1835
160 1785 1735 1686 1637 1588 1539 1491 1443 1395 1347
200 170 1300 1253 1207 1160 1114 1068 1023 977 932 888
180 843 799 755 711 667 624 581 538 495 453
190 410 368 327 285 244 203 162 121 80 40
200 3244 3204 3164 3125 3086 3046 3008 2969 2930 2892
210 2854 2816 2778 2740 2703 2665 2628 2591 2555 2518
220 2481 2445 2409 2373 2337 2302 2266 2231 2196 2161
230 2126 2091 2057 2022 1988 1954 1920 1886 1852 1819
240 1785 1752 1719 1686 1653 1620 1588 1555 1523 1491
300 250 1459 1427 1395 1363 1332 1300 1269 1238 1207 1176
260 1145 1114 1084 1053 1023 993 962 932 902 873
270 843 813 784 755 725 696 667 638 609 581
280 552 523 495 467 439 410 382 354 327 299
290 271 244 216 189 162 134 107 80 54 27
300 2302 2275 2249 2222 2196 2169 2143 2117 2091 2065
310 2039 2014 1988 1962 1937 1911 1886 1861 1835 1810
320 1785 1760 1735 1711 1686 1661 1637 1612 1588 1563
330 1539 1515 1491 1467 1443 1419 1395 1371 1347 1324
340 1300 1277 1253 1230 1207 1183 1160 1137 1114 1091
400 350 1068 1046 1023 1000 977 955 932 910 888 865
360 843 821 799 777 755 733 711 6B9 667 645
370 624 602 581 559 538 516 495 474 453 431
380 410 389 368 347 327 306 285 264 244 223
390 203 182 162 141 121 101 80 60 40 20

400 1785 1765 1745 1726 1706 1686 1666 1647 1627 1607
410 1588 1568 1549 1529 1510 1491 1472 1452 1433 1414
420 1395 1376 1357 1338 1319 1300 1281 1263 1244 1225
430 1207 1188 1170 1151 1133 1114 1096 1078 1059 1041
440 1023 1005 986 968 950 932 914 896 879 861
500 450 843 825 807 790 772 755 737 719 702 685
460 667 650 632 615 598 581 563 546 529 512
470 495 478 461 444 427 410 394 377 360 343
480 327 310 293 277 260 244 227 211 194 178
490 162 145 129 113 97 80 64 48 32 16

v. 1966
 TABLE 3.4-4 (

Table 3.4. 3 Correction to geopotential differences as a function

of departure of mean virtual temperature from 00 C (
Correction CL appliquer aux differences de geopotentiel en
fonction de l'ecart entre la temperature virtuelle moyenne
et 00 C (

geopotential difference in gpm with mean virtnal temperature O· C

difference de geopotentiel, en gpm, pour une temperature virtuelle moyenne de o· C (
tmy: mean virtual temperature in • C - temperature viTtuelle moyenne en 0 C
l1c[Jt (tabulated values in gpm - valeurs tabulaires en gpm) :
. added to A positive
correction to be subtract e d f rom uc[Jo for tmY negat'Ive
(
ajouter a A positif
correction a tra~re
sous ' d e uc[Jo lorsque tmY est negah
• :1'
J

(
V. 1966
 TABLE 3.4- 5

~
t m• 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 000 210

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
"
5 0
0
0 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3 3

"" "" " " "" "

6 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5
7 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
B
9
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2 3 3 3
" "" 3
4
4
4 5 5
5
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
10 0 1 1 1 2 2 3
3
3
"
3
3
3
" " "
4 4 6
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
B
11 0 1 1 2 2 2 3

"" "" ""

3 5 5 6
12
13
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
"
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
8
7
7
B
7
8
9
B
8
9
8
9
10
8
9
10
14 1 1 3
15
16
1
1
1
1
2
I
2
2
2 3
3
3 " "
4
4 5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
12
17
1B
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
"
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
B
8
8
9
B
9
9
9
9
10
9
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
12
11
12
13
12
12
13
12
13
14
19 1 1 2
20 1 1 2
3
3
3
4 "
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
B
8
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
15
15
15

21 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 15 16
22 1 2 2
23
24
1
1
2
2
3
3
3 "
4
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
B
B
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
17
17
18
25
26
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
"
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
B
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
19
1B
19
20
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
2B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 21 22
29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 l40 15 16 17 18 19 20 2l 22
30 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 l40 15 16 1B 19 20 21 22 23
51 1 2 3 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12 l40 15 16 17 1B 19 20 22 23 24
1
32
33
340
1
1
2
2
2
"" 5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
B
8
9
11
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
l40
l40
15
16
16
17
lB
18
19
19
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
2"
26
25

"""
7 11 12 l40 15 16 17 19 2C! 21 22 24 26 26
35 1 3 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 l40 15 17 lB 19 21 22 23 24 26 27
:J6 1 3 5 7 B 9 11 12 13 1" 16 17 lB 20 21 llll M 25 26 2B
1 7
37
3B
39
1
3
3 "" 5
6 7
B
B
9
10
11
11
12
13
l40
l40
15
15
16
17
18
lB
19
19
20
81
22
llll
23
M
l!4o
25
26
26
27
2B
28
29

40
1
1
3
3
" " 6
6
7
7
9
11
10
10
11
12
13
13
1"
15
16
16
17
1B
19
111
20
81
81
22
23
23
M
25
86
26
27
28
Il9
29
:lO
51
401 8 3 5 6 B 9 11 12 14 15 17 lB 20 81 23 M 26 27 211 30 32
U 2 3 5 6 B 9 11 12 14 15 17 1B 20 28 23 B5 26 2B 29 51 32
"3 8 3 5 6 B 9 11 13 1" 16 17 19 20 22 24 85 27 2B :lO 51 33
44 2 3 5 6 B 10 11 13 1" 16 1B 19 21 83 M 26 27 29 51 32 340
"5 2 3 5 7 B 10 12 13 15 16 1B 20 21 23 25 26 2B 30 51 33 35
"6 8 3 5 ? 8 10 12 13 15 17 19 20 28 M 25 27 29 :lO 32 340 35
"7 2 3 5 7 9 10 18 H 15 17 19 21 22 M 26 2B 29 51 33 340 36
8 5 7 9 11 18 14 16 18 19 23 26 2B
4B
"9
60
2
2
4
4
" 5
6
7
7
9
9
11
11
13
13
14
15
16
16
lB
18
20
20
21
22
22
23
l!4o
25
25,
26
27
87
29
29
:lO
Xl
51
32
32
33
33
340
35
35
36
37
37
3B
3B

51 2 6 9 13 17 28 86
52
53
8
2
"
4
4
6
6
7
B
B
10
10
11
11
12
13
l40
15
15
16
17
17
19
19
19 B1
21
81 23
83
2"
26
B5
27
B7
8B
BlI
29
30
Xl
51
32
3ll
33
M
34
35
35
36
37
37
3B
39
39
"0
U
M 6 B 10 16 1B 80 24 2B
55
2
2 " 6 B 10
18
12
1"
1B 80
28
82 24
B6
a6 BB
30 32 340 36 3B "0 .foil

"""
1" 16 :lO 32 M 36 3B 40 U
56 8 6 B 10 11 l40 16 1B 81 23 25 87 29 51 33 3Il 37 S 401 "3
57 2 6 B 10 13 15 17 19 81 13 85 87 29 3l 33 35
15 19 B5
3B "0 "8
""45
"""
68 8 6 B 11 13 17 B1 23 llB 20 32 34 36 38 40 42
59 2 6 9 11 13 15 17 19 III B40 86 BB :lO 32 35 37 39 401 "3 "5
8 7 9 11 13 15 1B BO BB B40 116 29 51 33 35 37 400 U
60
8 16 20 III 27
"" "6
51
62
63
2
2
"5
5
7
7
7
9
11
9
11
11
18
13
l40
14
16
16
1B
1B
1B
SO
21
13
83
B5
85
25
27
8B
BIl
:lO
51
32
32
33
34
35
36
36
38
39
40
401
"2
"3
"5
405
"7
4B

64l
65
11
8
5
5
7
7
9
10
18
18
14
14
16
17
19
19
21
81
83
M
86
86
28
211
30
:!O
51
33
3B
35
36
37
37
3B
39
40
40
"2
42
43
""
45
405
"6
47
4B
4B
409
50
66 8 5 7 10 18 14 17 111 88 M B7 811 51 M 36 S 401 "3 46 4B 51
15 17 ao a8 85 a7 BIl M 37
67
58
69
a
8
3
5
5
15
7
7
B
10
10
10
12
18
15
111
15
17
1B
20
10
22
Il3
85
211
87
23
:lO
:lO
32
31
3B
35
35
37
58
39
40
40
U
4B
<63
""
405
.foil
"7
47
4B
49
50
51
68
52
53
70 3 5 B 10 13 15 1B 21 ll3 ll6 28 51 36 38 401 54
3B
"" 406 "9 51

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.4- 6 (

I~
fJnfJ
21.0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 allO 330 340 300 360 370 3BO 390 400 41.0

(
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 4 4 4
3
4
5
2
3
4
2
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
5
4
5
3
4
5
5
6
5
6
"
5
6
5
6
5
6
4
5
7
4
5
7
4
6
7
4
6
7
4
6
7
5
6
8
6 5
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
6 6
'I
6 6
7
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
9
8
9
8
9
8 8
10
9 9 9 (
7 7 7 9 10 10 11
8 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12
9 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14
10 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15

11 8 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 (
12 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18
13 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20
14 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 21. 21
15 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21. 22 23
16
17
12
13
13
14
13
14
14
15
15
16
15
16
16
17
16
17
17
18
18
19
18
19
19
20
19
21
20
21.
21
22
21
22
22
23
22
24
23
24
23
25
24
26
(
18 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 18 19 20 20 21. 22 22 23 24 24 25 26 26 27
19 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 29
20 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 2l 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 29 30

21 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 all
22 17 18 19 19 'lP 21. 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 33
23 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 31 all 33 34 35
24 18 19 20 21. 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36
25 19 20 21. 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3B
26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31
33
32 33
35
34
36
35
37
36 37
39
3B
40
39
41.
(
27 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 3B
28 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3B 39 40 41. 42
29 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 all 33 34 35 36 37 3B 39 40 41. 42 44
30 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 all 33 34 35 36 37 3B 40 41 42 43 44 45

31 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 (
all 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41. 42 43 45 46 47 48
33 25 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41. 42 43 45 "6 47 48 50
34 26 27 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 39 40 41. 42 44 45 46 47 49 50 51
35 27 28 29 31 all 33 35 36 37 3B 40 41. 42 44 45 46 47 49 50 51 53
36
37
28
28
29
30
30
31
all
33
33
34
34
35
36
37
37
3B
3B
39
40
41
U
42
42
"3
43
45
"5
46
46
47
47
49
49
50
50
51
51
53
53
64
64
56
(
38 29 31 all 33 35 36 3B 39 40 42 43 45 46 47 49 50 51 53 64 56 57
39 30 31 33 34 36 37 39 40 41. 43 44 46 47 49 50 51 53 54 56 57 59
40 31 all 34 35 37 3B 40 4l. 42 44 45 "7 48 50 51 53 64 56 57 59 60

41 32 33 35 36 3B 39 41. 42 44 45 47 48 50 51 53 64 56 57 59 60 62 (
42 32 34 35 37 3B 40 42 43 45 46 48 49 51 52 64 55 57 58 60 62 63
43 33 35 36 3B 39 4l. 43 44 "6 47 49 50 52 64 55 57 58 60 51 63 65
44 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 45 47 48 50 52 53 55 56 58 60 51 63 64 66
45 35 36 38 40 41. 43 44 46 48 49 51 53 64 56 68 59 51 63 64 66 68
46 35 37 39 40 42 44 45 47 49 51 52 64 66 57 59 61 62
64
64
65
66
67
67
69
69
71
(
47 36 3B 40 41 43 45 46 48 50 52 53 55 57 59 60 62
48 37 39 40 42 44 46 47 49 51 53 54 66 58 60 62 63 65 67 69 70 72
49 3B 39 41 43 45 47 48 50 52 64 56 57 59 61 63 65 66 68 70 72 74
50 3B 40 42 44 46 48 49 51 53 55 57 59 60 62 64 66 68 70 71 73 75

51 39 4l. 43 45 47 49 50 52 64 56 58 60 62 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 (
52 40 42 44 46 48 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 70 72 74 76 78
53 41. 43 45 47 49 50 52 64 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80
54 42 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 8l
55 42 44 46 48 50 52 64 56 68 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 77 79 8l 83
56 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 ll'
57 44 46 48 50 52 64 56 58 61 63 65 67 69 71 73. 75 77 79 8l 83 86
58 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 79 8l 83 85 87
59 45 48 50 52 64 56 58 60 63 65 67 69 71 73 76 78 80 82 ll' 86 89
60 46 48 51 53 55 57 59 62 64 66 68 70 72 75 77 79 8l 83 86 88 90

61 47 49 51 M 56 58 60 63 65 67 69 71 74 76 78 80 83 85 87 89 92 (
62 48 50 52 64 57 59 51 64 66 68 70 73 75 77 79 82 ll' 86 89 91 93
63 48 51 53 55 58 60 62 65 67 69 71 7" 76 78 Bl 83 85 88 90 92 95
64 49 52 64 56 59 61 63 66 68 70 73 75 77 80 82 ll' 87 89 91 9<l 96
65 50 52 55 57 59 62 64 67 69 71 74 76 79 Bl 83 86 88 90 93 95 98
66 51 53 56 58 60 63 65 68 70 72 75 77 80 82 85
86
87
88
89
91
92
93
9"
96
97
98
99
101
(
67 52 64 56 59 61 64 66 69 71 74 76 78 Bl 83
68 52 55 57 60 62 65 67 70 72 75 77 80 82 85 87 90 92 95 97 100 lOB
69 53 56 68 51 63 66 68 71 73 76 78 8l 83 86 88 91 93 96 99 101 104
70 64 56 59 62 64 67 69 72 7" 77 79 82 85 87 90 92 95 97 100 103 105

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.4-7

~
t m• 410 420 4.30 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 MO 550 560 570 580 590 600 610

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
4 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
5 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11
6 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13
7 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16
8 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18
9 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20
10 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22

11 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 25
12 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27
13 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29
14 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31
15 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33
16 24 25 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 36
17 26 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 37 38
18 27 28 28 29 30 :Jl 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 38 38 39 40 40
19 29 29 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 38 39 40 40 41 42 42
20 30 31 31 32 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 44 45

21 32 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 45 45 4.6 47
22 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 49
23 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 51
24 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 M
25 38 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
26 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 M 55 56 57 58
27 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
28 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63
29 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 86 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65
30 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 M 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 67

31 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 M 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 64 65 66 67 68 69
32 48 49 50 52 53 M 55 56 57 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 71
33 50 51 52 53 M 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 68 69 70 71 72 74
34 51 .52 M 55 56 57 59 60 61 62 63 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 75 76
35 53 M 55 56 58 59 60 62 63 64 6~ 67 68 69 70 72 73 74 76 77 78
36 M 55 57 58 59 61 62 63 65 66 67 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 78 79 80
37 56 57 ~8 60 61 62 64 65 66 68 69 70 72 73 74 76 77 79 80 81 83
38 57 58 60 61 63 64 65 67 68 70 71 72 74 75 77 78 79 81 82 83 25
39 59 60 51 63 64 66 67 69 70 71 73 74 76 77 79 80 81 83 84 86 87
40 60 62 63 64 66 67 69 70 72 73 75 76 78 79 81 82 83 85 86 88 89

41 62 63 65 66 68 69 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 81 83 84 86 87 89 90 92
42 63 65· 66 68 69 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 81 83 85 86 88 89 91 92 94
43 65 66 68 69 71 72 74 76 77 79 80 82 83 85 87 88 90 91 93 94 96
44 66 68 69 71 72 74 76 77 79 81 82 84 85 87 89 90 92 93 95 97 98
45 68 69 71 72 74 76 77 79 81 82 84 86 87 89 91 92 94 96 97 99 100
46 69 71 72 74 76 77 79 81 83 84 86 88 89 91 93 94 96 98 99 101 103
47 71 72 74 76 77 79 81 83 84 86 88 89 91 93 95 96 98 100 102 103 105
48 72 74 76 77 79 81 83 84 86 88 90 91 93 95 97 98 100 102 104 105 107
49 74 75 77 79 8l 83 84 86 88 90 91 93 95 97 99 100 102 104 10~ 108 109
50 75 77 79 8l 82 84 86 88 90 92 93 95 97 99 101 103 104 106 lOB 110 112

51 77 78 80 82 84 86 8890 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 106 108 110 112 114

58 78 80 82 84 86 88 Il9
91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 110 112 114 116
53 80 8l 83 85 87 Il9 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 114 116 118
54 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
55 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 12:3
56 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125
57 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127
58 87 89 91 93 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 130
59 89 91 93 95 97 99 102 104 106 lOB 110 112 114 117 119 121 123 125 127 130 132
60 90 92 94 97 99 101 103 105 108 110 112 114 116 119 121 123 125 127 130 132 134

61 92 94 96 98 100 103 105 107 109 112 114 116 118 121 123 125 127 130 132 134 136
62 93 95 98 100 102 104 107 109 111 113 116 118 120 123 125 127 129 132 134 136 138
63 95 97 99 101 104 106 lOB 111 113 115 118 120 122 125 127 129 131 134 136 138 141
64 96 98 101 103 105 108 110 112 115 117 119 122 124 127 129 131 134 136 138 141 143
65 98 100 102 105 107 109 112 114 117 119 121 124 126 12B 131 133 136 138 140 143 145
66 99 101 104 106 109 111 114 116 118 121 123 126 128 1:Jl 133 135 138 140 143 145 147
67 101 103 105 108 110 113 115 118 120 123 125 128 130 132 135 137 140 142 145 147 150
68 102 105 107 110 112 115 117 119 122 124 127 129 132 134 137 139 142 144 147 149 152
69 104 106 109 111 114 116 119 121 124 126 129 131 134 136 139 141 144 147 149 152 1M
70 105 lOB 110 113 115 118 120 123 126 128 131 133 136 138 141 1404 146 149 151 154 156

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.4- 8
(
l~~
t mtJ 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 BOO
--
810

I
2
2
4
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
3
5 6
3 3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
(
3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
4 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12
5 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 '13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15
6 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 .l8
7 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21. (
8 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24
9 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 27
10 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30

11 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 33
12 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 31 3l 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 36
13 29 30 30 30 3l 3l 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39
.l4 3l 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 42
15 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 40 .40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44
16 36 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 46 46 47 47
17 38 39 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 44 44 45 45 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 50 (
18 40 41 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 51 51 52 53 53
19 42 43 44 45 45 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 54 55 56 56
20 45 45 46 47 48 48 49 50 51 51 52 53 53 64 55 56 56 57 58 59 59

21 47 4B 48 49 50
52
51 52
54
52
55
53
66
54
56
55
57
55
58
56
59
57
60
58
60
58
61
59
62
60
63
61
64
62
64
62
65
(
22 49 50 51 52 53
23 51 52 53 64 55 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 67 68
24 54 54 55 66 57 58 59 60 61 62 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 69 70 71
25 56 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 63 69 70 70 71 72 73 74
26 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
27 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
28 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81. 82 83
29 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
30 67 68 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81. 82 83 85 86 87 88 89

3l 69 70 71 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 81. 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 92 (
32 71 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 81. 82 83 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 93 94 95
33 74 75 76 77 79 eo 81 82 83 85 86 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 95 97 98
34 76 77 78 80 81. 82 83 85 86 87 88 90 91 92 93 95 96 97 98 100 101
35 78 79 81. 82 83 l'5 86 87 88 90 91 92 94 95 96 97 99 100 101 103 104
36
37
80
83
82
84
83
85
84
87
86
BB
87
89
BB
91
90
92
91
93
92
95
94
96
95
98
96
99
98 99 100
100 102 103
101 103 104 105
104 106 107 108
107
110
(
38 85 86 88 89 90 92 93 95 96 97 99 100 102 103 104 106 107 109 110 111 113
39 87 89 90 91 93 94 96 97 99 100 101 103 104 106 107 109 110 111 113 114 116
40 89 91 92 94 95 97 98 100 101 103 104 105 107 108 110 111 113 114 116 117 119

41 92 93 95 96 98 99 101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 113 114 116 117 119 120 122 (
42 94 95 97 98 100 101 103 105 106 108 109 111 112 114 115 117 118 120 121 123 125
43 96 98 99 101 102 104 105 107 109 110 112 113 115 116 118 120 121 123 124 126 128
44 98 100 101 103 105 106 108 110 111 113 114 116 118 119 121 122 124 126 127 129 130
45 100 102 104 105 107 109 110 112 114 115 117 119 120 122 124 125 127 128 130 132 133
46 103 104 106 108 109 111 113 115 116 118
120
120 121 123
124 126
125
127
126 128
129 13l
130
132
131
134
133
136
135
138
136
139
(
47 105 107 108 110 112 114 115 117 119 122
48 107 109 111 112 114 116 118 119 121 123 125 127 128 130 132 134 135 137 139 141 142
49 109 111 113 115 117 118 120 122 124 126 127 129 131 133 135 136 138 140 142 144 145
50 112 113 115 117 119 121 123 124 126 128 130 132 134 135 137 139 141 143 145 146 148

51 114 116 118 119 121 123 125 127 129 13l 133 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 147 149 151 (
52 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147 148 150 152 154
53 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 147 149 151 153 155 157
64 121 123 125 127 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160
55 123 125 127 129 13l 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163
56 125 127 129 13l 133 135 137 139 141 144 146 148 150 152 164 156 158 160 162 164 166
57 127 129 13l 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 164 157 159 161 163 165 167 169
58 130 132 134 135 138 140 142 144 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 166 168 170 172
59 132 134 136 1:;8 140 143 145 147 149 151 153 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 171 173 175
60 134 136 138 141 143 145 147 149 152 164 155 158 160 163 165 167 169 171 174 176 178

61 136 138 141 143 145 147 150 152 154 166 159 161 163 165 167 170 172 174 175 179 181.
62 138 141 143 145 148 150 152 154 157 159 161 163 166 168 170 172 175 177 179 182 184
63 141 143 145 148 150 152 155 157 159 161 164 166 168 171 173 175 178 180 182 185 187
64 143 145 148 150 152 155 157 159 162 164 166 169 171 173 176 178 180 183 185 187 190
65 145 148 150 152 155 157 159 162 164 167 169 171 174 176 178 181. 183 185 188 190 193
66 147 150 152 155 157 159 162 164 167 169 172 174 176 179 181. 184 186 188 191 193 196
67 150 152 155 157 159 152 164 157 169 172 174 177 179 182 184 186, 189 191 194 196 199
68 152 154 157 159 162 164 167 169 172 174 177 179 182 184 187 189 192 194 197 199 202
69 154 157 159 162 164 167 169 172 174 177 179 182 184 187 189 192 195 197 200 202 205
70 1M 159 161 164 167 169 172 l?4 177 179 182 185 187 190 192 195 197 200 202 205 208

Y. 1901)
 TABLE 3.4 - 9

~
t
m• 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 BBO 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 9901000 1010
1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11
4 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15
5 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18
6 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22
7 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26
8 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 30
9 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 3l 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33
10 30 30 30 31 31 3l 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 37
11 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 '91 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 41
12 36 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 43 44 44
13 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 4B 48
14 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 4B 49 49 50 50 51. 51 52
15 44 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 51 51. 52 52 53 53 64 54 55 55
16 47 48 49 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 57 58 59 59
17 50 51 52 52 53 54 54 55 55 56 57 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 63
18 53 54 55 55 56 57 57 58 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 65 65 66 67
19 56 57 58 58 59 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 65 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 '10
20 59 60 61 62 62 63 64 64 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 74
21 62 63 64 65 65 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 71 72 73 74 75 75 76 77 78
22 65 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 72 72 73 74 75 76 77 77 78 79 80 81 81
23 68 69 70 71 72 72 73 74 75 76 77 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 83 84 B5
24 71 72 73 74 75 76 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 83 84 85 B6 87 BB 89
25 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 81 82 83 M 85 86 B7 BB 89 90 91 92 92
26 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 B4 85 B6 87 BB 89 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
27 eo 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
28 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 103 104
29 86 87 BB 89 90 91 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
30 89 90 91 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 110 111
31 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 115
32 95 96 97 98 100 101 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 115 116 117 118
33 98 99 100 101 103 104 105 106 lOB 109 110 111 112 114 115 116 117 118 120 121 122
34 101 102 103 105 106 107 108 110 111 112 113 115 116 117 118 119 121 122 123 124 126
35 104 105 106 108 109 110 111 113 114 115 117 118 119 120 122 123 124 126 127 128 129
36 107 108 109 111 112 113 115 116 117 119 120 121 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 132 133
37 110 111 112 114 115 116 118 119 121 122 123 125 126 127 129 130 131 133 134 135 137
38 113 114 115 117 118 120 121. 122 124 125 127 128 129 131 132 134 135 136 138 139 141
39 116 117 119 120 121 123 124 126 127 128 130 131 133 134 136 137 138 140 141 143 144
40 119 120 122 123 124 126 127 129 130 132 133 135 136 138 139 141 142 144 145 146 148

41 122 ~23 125 126 128 129 131 132 134 135 137 138 140 141 143 144 146 147 149 150 152
42 125 126 128 129 131 132 134 135 137 138 140 141 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 164 155
43 128 129 131 132 134 135 137 139 140 142 143 145 146 148 150 151 153 154 156 157 1511
44 130 132 134 135 137 139 140 142 143 145 147 148 150 161 153 165 156 158 159 161 163
45 133 135 137 138 140 142 143 145 147 148 150 152 153 155 157 158 160 161 163 165 166
46 136 138 140 141 143 145 147 148 150 152 153 155 157 158 160 162 163 165 167 168 170
47 139 141 143 145 146 148 150 151 153 155 157 158 160 162 163 165 167 169 170 172 174
48 142 144 146 148 149 161 153 155 156 158 160 162 163 165 167 169 170 172 174 176 177
49 145 147 149 151. 152 154 156 158 160 161 163 165 167 169 170 172 174 176 178 179 181
50 148 150 152 154 156 157 159 161 163 165 167 168 170 172 174 176 178 179 181 183 lllll

51 151 153 155 157 He 161 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 177 179 181 183 185 187 189
52 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 169 171 173 175 177 179 181 183 185 187 1BB 190 192
53 157 159 161 163 165 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 100 182 184 186 1BB 190 192 194 196
54 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 1BB 190 192 194 196 198 800
65 163 165 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 181 183 185 187 189 191 193 195 197 199 201 803
56 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 185 187 189 191 193 195 197 199 201 203 205 807
57 169 171 173 175 177 179 182 184 186 IBB 190 192 194 196 198 800 202 204 207 809 2ll
58 172 174 176 178 180 183 185 187 189 191 193 195 197 200 802 204 206 208 210 212 214
59 175 177 179 181 184 186 IBB 190 192 194 197 199 201 203 805 807 210 212 214 216 218
60 178 180 182 185 187 189 191 193 195 19B 200 202 204 B06 209 2ll 213 215 217 220 222

61 181 183 185 183 190 192 194 197 199 201 203 205 208 210 212 214 217 219 221 223 226
62 184 186 IBB 191 193 195 197 200 802 204 207 209 2ll 213 216 218 220 222 225 227 229
63 187 189 191 194 196 198 201 803 205 208 210 212 214 217 219 221 224 226 228 23l. 233
64 190 192 194 197 199 201 204 206 B09 211 213 216 218 220 223 225 227 230 232 234 2'91
65 193 195 198 200 202 205 207 209 212 214 217 219 221 224 226 228 23l. 233 236 238 240
66 196 198 201 203 205 808 210 213 215 217 220 222 225 227 230 232 234 237 23B 242 244
67 199 201 204 206 20B 211 213 216 218 221 223 226 228 231 233 235 238 240 243 245 248
68 202 204 207 209 212 214 217 219 222 224 227 229 232 234 236 239 241 244 246 249 251
69 205 207 210 212 215 217 220 222 225 227 230 232 235 237 240 242 245 248 250 253 255
70 208 210 213 215 218 220 223 226 228 231 233 236 238 241 243 246 249 251 254 256 2511

V. 196(;
 TABLE 3.4-10 r
I
(
I!
~
lmv
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 l:lO 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210

70
71
3
3
5
5
8
8
10
10
13
13
15
16
18
18
21
2l
23
23
26
26
28
29
31
31
33
34
36
36
38
39
41
42
44
44
46
47
49
49
51
52
64
55
(
72 3 5 8 11 13 16 18 21 24 26 29 32 34 37 40 42 45 47 50 53 55
73 3 5 8 11 13 16 19 31 24 27 29 32 35 37 40 43 45 48 51 53 56
74 3 5 8 11 14 16 19 22 24 27 :lO 33 35 38 41 43 46 49 51 54 57
75 3 5 8 11 14 16 19 22 25 27 :lO 33 36 38 41 44 47 49 52 55 58
76
77
3
3
6
6
8
8
11
11
14
14
17
17
19
20
22
23
25
25
28
BB
31
3l
33
34
36
37
39
39
42
42
45
45
47
48
50
51
53
54
56
56
58
59
(
78 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 3l 34 37 40 43 46 49 51 54 57 60
79 3 6 9 12 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
80 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62

81 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 44 47 50 53 56 59 62
82 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 64 57 60 63
83 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64
B4 3 6 9 12 15 18 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 62 65
85 3 6 9 12 16 19 22 25 28 3l 34 37 40 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65
86
87
3
3
6
6
9
10
13
13
16
16
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
29
31
32
35
35
38
38
41
41
44
45
47
48
50
51
54
64
57
57
60
61
63
64
66
67
(
BB 3 6 10 13 16 19 23 26 29 32 35 39 42 45 48 52 55 58 61 64 58
B9 3 7 10 13 16 20 23 26 29 33 36 39 42 46 49 52 55 59 62 65 68
90 3 7 10 13 16 20 23 26 30 33 36 40 43 46 49 53 56 59 63 66 69

~o
tmv
210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 :lOO 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 3BO 390 400 410

70 54 56 39 62 64 67 69 72 74 77 79 82 85 87 90 92 95 97 100 103 105

71 55 57 60 62 65 58 70 73 75 78 81 83 86 88 91 94 96 99 101 104 107
72 55 58 61 63 66 69 71 74 76 79 32 B4 87 90 92 95 98 100 103 105 108
73 56 59 61 64 67 69 72 75 78 00 83 86 88 91 94 96 99 102 104 107 110
74 57 60 62 65 68 70 73 76 79 81 B4 87 89 92 95 98 100 103 106 108 111
75
76
58
58
60
61
63
64
66
67
69
70
71
72
74
75
77
78
00
81
82
83
85
86
88
89
91
92
93
95
96
97
99
100
102 104
103 106
107
109
110
111
113
114
(
77 59 62 65 58 70 73 76 79 82 85 87 90 93 96 99 101 104 107 110 113 116
78 60 63 66 69 71- 74 77 00 83 86 B9 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 111 114 117
79 61 64 67 69 72 75 78 81 B4 87 90 '''3 95 98 101 104 10'7 110 113 U6 119
00 62 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 105 108 111 114 117 120
(
81 62 65 68 71 74 77 00 83 86 B9 92 95 98 101 104 107 110 113 U6 119 122
82 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 102 105 108 111 114 117 120 123
83 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 112 115 119 122 125
B4 65 65 71 74 77 00 83 86 89 92 95 98 101 105 108 111 114 117 120 123 126
85
86
65
66
58
69
72
72
75
76
78
79
81
82
84
85
87
88
90
91
93
94
96
98
100 103
101 104
106
107
109
110
112
113
115 118
116 120
131
123
124
126
128
129
(
87 67 70 73 76 80 83 86 89 92 96 99 102 105 108 111 115 118 121 124 127 131
88 58 71 74 77 Bl 84 87 90 93 97 100 103 106 110 113 116 119 122 126 129 132
89 68 72 75 78 Bl 85 BB 91 94 98 101 104 108 111 114 117 121 124 127 130 134
90 69 72 76 79 82 8.6 89 92 96 99 102 105 109 112 115 119 122 125 128 132 135
(

~
lmv
410 420 430 440 450 460 470 400 490 500 510 520 530 640 550 560 570 500 590 600 610

70 105 108 110 113 115 U8 120 123 126 128 131 133 136 138 141 144 146 149 151 164 156
71 107 109 112 114 117 120 122 125 127 l:lO 133 135 138 140 143 146 148 151 153 156 159
72 108 111 113 116 119 121 124 127 129 132 134 137 140 142 145 148 150 153 156 158 161
73 110 112 115 118 128 123 126 128 131 184 136 139 142 144 147 150 152 155 158 160 163
74 111 114 116 119 122 125 127 130 133 135 138 141 144 146 149 152 164 157 160 163 165
75 113 115 118 121 124 126 129 132 135 137 140 143 146 148 151 154 157 159 162 165 167
76 114 117 120 122 125 128 131 134 136 139 142 145 147 150 153 156 159 161 164 167 170
77 116 U8 121 124 127 130 132 135 138 141 144 147 149 152 155 158 161 163 166 169 172
78 117 120 123 126 128 131 134 137 140 143 146 148 151 154 157 160 163 166 168 171 174
79 119 121 124 127 l:lO 133 136 139 142 145 147 150 153 156 159 162 165 168 171 174 176
80 120 123 126 129 132 135 138 141 144 146 149 15B 155 158 161 164 167 170 173 11.6 179
(
81 122 125 128 130 133 136 139 142 145 148 151 154 15'1 160 163 166 169 172 175 178 181
82 123 126 129 132 135 138 141 144 147 150 153 156 159 162 165 168 171 174 177 100 183
83 125 128 131 134 137 140 143 146 149 152 155 158 161 164 167 170 173 176 179 182 185
54 126 129 132 135 138 141 145 148 151 154 157 160 163 166 169 172 175 178 181 185 IBB
85 128 131 184 137 140 143 146 149 152 156 159 162 165 168 171 174 177 180 184 187 190
86 129 132 135 139 142 145 148 151 154 157 161 164 167 170 173 176 179 183 186 189 192
87 131 134 137 140 143 147 150 153 156 139 162 166 169 172 175 178 182 185 IBB 191 194
88 132 135 139 142 145 148 151 155 158 161 164 168 171 174 177 100 184 187 190 193 197
89 184 137 i40 143 147 150 153 156 160 163 166 169 173 176 179 ).82 186 189 192 195 199
90 135 138 142 145 148 152 155 158 161 165 168 171 176 178 181 185 188 191 194 198 201

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.4-11

~ 610 620 630 640 6W 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810
tmv
70 156 159 161 164 167 169 172 174 177 179 182 185 187 190 192 195 197 200 202 205 208
71 159 161 164 166 169 172 174 177 179 182 185 187 190 192 195 198 200 203 205 208 211
72 161 163 166 169 171 174 177 179 182 185 187 190 192 195 198 200 203 206 208 211 214
73 163 166 168 171 174 176 179 182 184 187 190 192 195 198 200 203 206 208 211 214 216
74 165 168 171 173 176 179 182 184 187 190 192 195 198 200 203 206 209 211 214 217 219
75 167 170 173 176 178 181 184 187 189 192 195 198 200 203 206 209 211 214 217 220 222
76 170 172 175 178 181 184 186 189 192 195 198 200 203 206 209 211 214 217 220 223 225
77 172 175 178 180 183 186 189 192 195 197 200 203 206 209 211 214 217 220 223 226 228
78 174 177 180 183 186 188 191 194 197 200 203 206 208 211 214 217 220 223 226 228 231
79 176 179 182 185 188 191 194 197 200 202 205 208 211 214 217 220 223 226 228 231 234
80 179 182 185 187 190 193 196 199 202 205 208 211 214 217 220 223 226 228 231 234 237

81 181 184 187 190 193 196 199 202 20~ 208 211 214 216 219 222 225 228 231 234 237 240
82 183 186 189 192 195 198 201 204 207 210 213 216 219 222 225 228 231 234 237 240 243
83 185 188 191 194 198 201 204 207 210 213 216 219 222 225 228 231 234 237 240 243 246
84 188 191 194 197 200 203 206 209 212 215 218 221 224 228 231 234 237 240 243 246 249
85 190 193 196 199 202 205 208 212 215 218 221 224 227 230 '33 236 240 243 246 249 252
86 192 195 198 201 205 208 211 214 217 220 224 227 230 233 236 239 242 246 249 252 255
87 194 197 2,)1 204 207 210 213 217 220 223 226 229 233 236 239 242 245 248 252 255 258
88 197 200 203 206 209 213 216 219 222 226 229 232 235 238 242 245 248 251 255 258 261
89 199 202 205 209 212 215 218 222 225 228 231 235 238 24l 244 248 251 254 257 261 264
90 201 204 208 211 214 217 221 224 227 231 234 237 241 244 247 250 254 257 260 264 267

~
t mv
810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010

70 208 210 213 215 218 220 223 226 228 231 233 236 238 241 243 246 249 251 254 256 259
71 211 213 216 218 221 224 226 229 231 234 237 239 242 244 247 250 252 255 257 260 263
72 214 216 219 221 224 227 229 232 235 237 240 242 245 248 250 253 256 258 261 2M 266
73 216 219 222 2,24 227 230 233 235 238 241 243 246 249 251 254 257 259 262 265 267 270
74 219 222 225 228 230 233 236 238 24l 244 247 249 252 255 257 260 263 265 268 271 274
75 222 225 228 231 233 236 239 242 244 247 250 253 255 258 261 264 266 269 272 275 277
76 225 228 231 234 236 239 242 245 248 250 253 256 259 262 264 267 270 273 275 278 281
77 228 231 234 237 240 242 245 248 251 254 257 259 262 265 268 271 273 276 279 282 285
78 231 234 237 240 243 246 248 251 254 257 260 263 266 268 271 274 277 280 283 286 288
79 234 237 240 243 246 249 252 255 257 260 263 266 269 272 275 278 281 283 286 289 292
80 237 240 243 246 249 252 255 258 261 264 267 269 272 275 278 281 284 287 290 293 296

81 240 243 246 249 252 255 258 261 264 267 270 273 276 279 282 285 288 291 294 297 299
82 243 246 249 252 265 258 261 264 267 270 273 276 279 282 285 288 291 294 297 300 303
83 246 2~9 252 255 258 261 264 267 270 273 277 280 283 286 289 292 295 298 301 304 307
84 249 252 255 258 261 264 268 271 274 277 280 283 286 289 292 295 298 301 304 308 311
85 252 255 258 261 264 268 271 274 277 280 283 286 289 293 296 299 302 305 308 311 314
86 2li5 258 261 264 268 271 274 277 280 283 286 290 293 296 299 302 305 309 312 315 318
87 258 261 264 268 271 274 277 200 283 287 290 293 296 299 303 306 309 312 315 318 322
88 261 264 267 271 274 277 280 283 287 290 293 296 300 303 306 309 312 316 319 322 325
89 264 267 270 274 277 280 283 287 290 293 296 300 303 306 310 313 316 319 323 326 329
90 267 270 273 277 200 283 2B7 290 293 297 300 303 306 310 313 316 320 323 326 329 333

v. 1966
 r
TABLE 3.4 -12 (
Ii
~.
t
mv
1000 2000 3000

11
4000

15
5000

18
~
lmv

50
1000

183
2000

366
3000

549
4000

732
5000

915
(
!
i
I

1 4 7
2 7 15 22 29 37 51 187 373 560 747 934
3 11 22 33 44 55 52 190 381 571 761 952
4 15 29 44 59 73 53 194 388 582 776 970 (
5 18 37 55 73 92 54 198 395 593 791 988
6 22 44 66 88 110 55 201 403 604 805 1007
7 26 51 77 103 128 56 205 410 615 820 1025
8 29 59 88 117 146 57 209 417 626 835 1043 (
9 33 66 99 132 165 58 212 425 637 849 1062
59 216 432 648 864 1080
10 37 73 110 146 183
11 40 81 121 161 201 60 220 439 659 879 1098
12 44 88 132 176 220 61 223 447 670 893 1117
13 48 95 143 190 2)8 62 227 454 681 908 1135
14 51 103 154 205 256 63 231 461 692 923 1153
15 55 110 165 220 275 64 234 469 703 937 1171
16 59 117 176 234 293 65 238 476 714 952 1190
17 62 124 187 249 311 66 242 483 725 966 1208
18 66 132 198 264 329 67 245 491 736 981 1226
19 70 139 209 278 348 68 249 498 747 996 1245
69 253 505 758 1010 1263
20 73 146 220 293 366
21 77 154 231 308 384 70 25b 513 769 1025 1281
22 81 161 242 322 403 71 260 520 780 1040 1300 (
23 84 168 253 337 421 72 264 527 791 1054 1318
24 88 176 264 351 439 73 267 534 802 1069 1336
25 92 183 275 366 458 74 271 542 813 1084 1355
26 95 190 286 )81 476 75 275 549 824 1098 1373
27 99 198 297 395 494 76 278 556 835 1113 1391 (
28 103 205 308 410 513 77 282 564 846 1128 1409
29 106 212 318 425 531 78 286 571 857 1142 1428
79 289 578 868 1157 1446
30 110 220 329 439 549
31 113 227 340 454 567 80 293 586 879 1171 1464
32 117 234 351 469 586 81 297 593 890 1186 1483
33 121 242 362 483 604 82 300 600 901 1201 1501
34 124 249 373 498 622 83 304 608 912 1215 1519 (
35 128 256 384 513 641 84 308 615 923 1230 1538
36 132 264 395 527 659 85 311 622 934 1245 1556
37 135 271 406 542 677 86 315 630 945 1259 1574
38 139 278 417 556 696 87 318 637 955 1274 1592 (
39 143 286 428 571 714 88 322 644 966 1289 1611
89 326 652 977 1303 1629
40 146 293 439 586 73 2
41 150 300 450 600 750 90 329 659 988 1318 1647 (
42 154 308 461 615 769
43 157 315 472 630 787
44 161 322 483 644 805
45 165 329 494 659 824 (
46 168 337 505 674 842
47 172 344 516 688 860
48 176 351 527 703 879
49 179 359 538 718 897

V. 1966
 TABLE 3.5 - 1

Table 3.5 Mean virtual temperature of layers between pairs of standard

isobaric surfaces as a function of geopotential difference
Temperature virtuelle moyenne des couches limitees par deux
surfaces isobares standard en fonction de la difference de geo-
potentiel

!:J.r[>: geopotential difference - difference de geopotentiel

A<I> gpm 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

gpm °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °0 °0 °0
Layer - couche: 1000-850 mb
1000 -63.1 -58.9 -54.7 -50.5 -46.3 -42.1 -37.9 -33.7 -29.5 -25.3
1200 -21,1 -16.9 -12.7 -8.5 -4.3 -0.1 4,1 8.3 12.5 16.7
1400 20.9 25,1 29.3 33.6 37.8 42.0 46.2 50.4 54.6 58.8
Layer - couche : 850-700 mb
1200 -62.1 -58.6 -55.1 -51.6 -48.1 -44.6 -41.0 -37.5 -34.0 -30.5
1400 -27.0 -23.5 -19.9 -16.4 -12.9 -9.4 -5.9 -2.4 1.2 4.7
1600 8.2 11.7 15.2 18.7 22.3 25.8 29.3 32.8 36.3 39.8
Layers - couches: 700-500 ; 70-50 mb
1600 -110.8 -108.8 -106.7 -104.7 -102.7 -100.7 -98.6 -96.6 -94.6 -92.5
1800 -90.5 -88.5 -86.5 -84.4 -82.4 -80.4 -78.3 -76.~ -74.3 -72.2
2000 -70.2 -68.2 -66.2 -64.1 -62.1 -60.1 -58.0 -56.0 -54.0 -52.0
2200 -49.9 -47.9 -45.9 -43.8 -41.8 -39.A -37.8 -35.7 -33.7 -31.7
2400 -29.6 -27.6 -25.6 -23.5 -21.5 -19.5 -17.5 -15.4 -13.4 -11.4
2600 -9.3 -7.3 -5.3 -3.3 -1.2 -O.A 2.8 4.9 6.9 8.9
2800 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19,1 21.1 23.1 25.2 27.2 29.2
3000 31.2 33.3 35.3 37.3 39.4 41.4 43.4 45.5 47.5 4<,.5
Layer - couche : 500-400 mb
1200 -89.6 -86.5 -83.4 -80.4 -77.3 -74.3 -71.2 -68.1 -65.1 -62.0
1400 -59.0 -55.9 -52.8 -49.8 -46.7 -43.7 -40.6 -37.5 -34.5 -31.4
1600 -28.4 -25.3 -22.2 -19.2 -16.1 -13.1 -10.0 -6.~ -3.9 -0.8
1800 2.2 5.3 A.4 11.4 14.5 17.5 20.6 23.7 26.7 29.A
Layers - couches: 400-300 ; 200-150 mb
1400 -107.0 -104.6 -102.3 -99.9 -97.5 -95.1 -92.8 -90.4 -88.0 -85.6
1600 -83.3 -80.9 -78.5 -76.2 -73.8 -71.4 -69.0 -66.7 -64.3 -61.9
1800 -59.5 -57.2 -54.8 -52.4 -50.0 -47.7 -45.3 -42.9 -40.6 -38.2
2000 -35.8 -33.4 -31.1 -28.7 -26.3 -23.9 -21.6 -19.2 -16.8 -14.4
2200 -12.1 -9.7 -7.3 -4.9 -2.6 -0.2 2.2 4.5 6.9 9.3
2400 11.7 14.0 16.4 18.8 21.2 23.5 25.9 28.3 30.7 33.0
Layers - couches: 300-200 ; 150-100 ; 30-20 mb
2000 -104.7 -103.1 -101.4 -99.7 -98.0 -96.3 -94.6 -93.0 -91.3 -89.6
2200 -87.9 -86.2 -84.5 -82.9 -81.2 -79.5 -77.8 -76.1 -74.4 -72.8
2400 -71,1 -69.4 ·-67.7 -66.0 -64.3 -62.6 -61.0 -59.3 -57.6 -55.9
2600 -54.2 -52.5 -50.9 -49.2 -47.5 -45.A -44.1 -42.4 -40.8 -39.1
2800 -37.4 -35.7 -.34.0 -32.3 -30.7 -29.0 -27.3 -25.6 -23.9 -22.2
3000 -20.5 -18.9 -17.2 -15.5 -13.8 -12.1 -10.4 -8.8 -7.1 -5.4
3200 -3.7 -2.0 -0.3 1.3 3.0 4.7 6.4 8.1 9.8 11.4
Layers - couches: 100-70 ; 1000-700 mb
UlOO -100.9 -96.9 -97.0 -95.1 -93.2 -91.3 -89.4 -87.5 -85.5 -83.6
2000 -81.7 -79.8 -77.9 -76.0 -74.1 -72. J. -70.2 -68.3 -66.4 -64.5
2200 -62.6 -60.7 -50.7 -56.8 -54.9 -53.0 -5J..J. -49.2 -47.3 -45.3
2400 -43.4 -',J..5 -39.6 -37.7 -35.B -33.9 -31.9 -30.0 -28. J. -26.2
2600 -24.3 -22.4 -20.5 -J.8.5 -16.6 -14.7 -12.8 -10.9 -9.0 -7.1
2BOO -5.J. -3.2 -1.3 O.h 2.5 4.4 6.3 8.3 J.0.2 12.J.
3000 14.0 15.9 17.11 19.7 21.7 23.6 25.5 27.4 29.3 31.2
3200 33.1 3~.1 37.0 38.9 40.8 42.7 44.6 46.5 48.5 50.4

IV.196S
 TABLE 3.5 - 2
(

A~ gpm 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

gpm °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 (
Layers - coucheS: 50-30 ;. 500-300 mb
2600 -99.4. -98.0 -96.7 -95.4 -94.0 -92.7 -91.4 -90.0 -88.7 -87.4
2800 -86.0 -84.7 -113.3 -1!2.0 -1!0.7 -79.3 -78.0 -76.7 -75.3 -7',.0
3000 -72.6 -71.3 -70.0 -68.6 -67.3 -66.0 -64.6 -63.3 -62.0 -60.6 (
3200 -59.3 -57.9 -56.6 -55.3 -53.9 -52.6 -51.3 -49.9 -48.6 -47.3
3400 -45.9 -4 l t.6 -43.2 -41.9 -40.6 -39.2 -37.9 -36.6 -35.2 -33.9
3600 -32.5 -31.2 -29.9 -28.5 -27.2 -25.9 -24.5. -23.2 -21.9 -20.5
3800 -19.2 -17.8 -16.5 -15.2 -13.8 -12.5 -11.2 -9.8 -8.5 -7.2
1,000 -5.8 -4.5 -3.1 -1.8 -0.5 0.9 2.2 3.5 It.9 6.2 (
4200 7.6 8.9 10.2 11.6 12.9 14.2 15.6 16.9 18.2 19.6
-4400 20.9 22.3 23.6 24.9 26.3 27.6 28.9 30.3 31.6 3i.9

Layers - couches: 20-10 ; 1000-500 j 400-200 ; 300-150 ; 200-100 ; 100-50 mb

3400 -105.7 -10',.7 -103.7 -102.7 -101.7 -100.1! -99.8 -98.B -97.B -96.8 {
3600 ~95.8 -94.9 -'J3.9 -92.9 -91.9 -90.9 -89.9 -U8.9 -B8.0 -87.0
3800 -86.0 -85.0 -84.0 -B3.0 -82.0 -81.1 -80.1 -79.1 -78.1 -77.1
4000 -76.1 -75.1 -74.2 -73.2 -72.2 -71.2 -70.2 -69.2 -6B.3 -67.3
4200 -66.3 -65.3 -64.3 -63.3 -62.3 -61.4 -60.4 -59.4 -58.4 -57.4
4400
4600
-56.4 -55.4 -54.5 -53.5 -52.5 -51.5
-la.6.6 -45.6 -4't. 6 -43.6 -42.6 -41.7
-50.5
-',0.7
-49.5
-39.7
-4B.6
-3B.7
-47.6
-37.7
(
4800 -36.7 -35.7 -34.8 -33.8 -32.B -31.8 -30.8 -29.8 -28.9 -27.9
5000 -26.9 -25.9 -24.9 -23.9 -22.9 -22.0 -21.0 -20.0 -19.0 -18.0
5200 -17.0 -16.0 -15.1 -14.1 -13.1 -12.1 -11.1 -10.1 -9.1 -8.2
5400 -7.2 -6.2 -5.2 -4.2 -3.2 -2.3 -1.3 -0.3
9.·6
0.7 1.7 {
5600 2.7 3.7 4.6 5.6 6.6 7.6 8.6 10.6 11.5
5800 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.4 18.4 19.4 20.4 21.4
6000 22.4 23.4 24.3 25.3 26.3 27.3 28.3 29.3 30.3 31.2
6200 32.2 3-3.2 34.2 35.2 36.2 37.1 38.1 39.1 40.1 41.1
6400 ',2.1 43.1 4 l t.O 45.0 46.0 47.0 4B.0 49.0 50.0 50.9 (
Layer - couche : 850-500 rob
3000 -BO.1 -7B.8 -77.6 -76.3 -75.0 -73.7 -72.4 -71.1 -69.8 -68.6
3200 -67.3 -66.0 -64.7 -63.4 -62.1 -60.8 -59.5 -56.3 -57.0 -55.7
3400 -54.4 -53.1 -51.8 -50.5 -49.2 -48.0 -46.7 -45.4 -44.1 -42.B (
3600 -41.5 -40.2 -39.0 -37.7 -36.4 -35.1 -33.8 -32.5 -31.2 -29.9
3BOO -2B.7 -27.', -26.1 -24.8 -23.5 -22.2 -20.9 -19.7 -lB.4 -17.1
4000 -15.8 -14.5 -13.2 -1l.9 -10.6 -9.4 -8.1 ~6.8 -5.5 -4.2
4200 -2.9 -1.6 -0.4 0.9 2.2 3.5 4.8 6.1 7.4 8.7
4400
4600
9.9
22-.8
1l.2 12.5 13.8 15.1 16.4 17.7 18.9 20.2 21.5 {
24.1 25.4 26.7 28.0 29.2 30.5 31.8 33.1 34.4
4800 35.7 37.0 38.3 39.5 40.8 42.1 43.4 44.7 46 •.0 47.3

Layer - couche: 700-400 mb

3200 -77 .9 -76.7 -75.5 -74.3 -73.0 -71.8 -70.6 -69.4 -68.2 -66.9 (
3400 -65.7 -6',.5 -63.3 -62.1 -60.8 -59.6 -58.4 -57.2 -56.0 -54.7
3600 -53.5 -52.3 -51.1 -49.9 -48.6 -47.4 -46.2 -45.0 -43.B -42.5
3BOO -41.3 -40.1 -38.9 -37.7 -36.4 -35.2 -34.0 -32.8 -31.6 -30.3
4000 -29.1 -27.9 -26.7 -:25.5 -24.2 -23.0 -21.8 -20.6 -19.4 -18.1
4200 -16.9 -15.7 -14.5 -13.3 -12.0 -10.8 -9.6 -8.4 -7.2 -5.9 (
4400 -4.7 -3.5 -2.3 -1.1 0.2 1.4 2.6 3.8 5.0 6.3
4600 7.5 8.7 9.9 1l.1 12.4 13.6 14.B 16.0 17.2 18.5
4800 19.7 20.9 22.1 23.3 24.6 25.8 27.0 28.2 29.4 30.7
5000 31.9 33.1 34.3 35.5 36.8 38.0 39.2 40.4 41.6 42.9 (
Layer - couche: 150-70 mb
3800 -102.9 -102.0 -101.1 -100.2 -99.3 -98.4 -97.6 -96.7 -95.8 -94.9
4000 -94.0 -93.1 -92.2 -91.3 -90.4 -89.5 -88.6 -87.7 -86.8 -85.9
4200
4400
-85.0 -84.1 -B3.2 -82.3
-76.1 -75.2 -74.3 -73.4
-81.4
-72.5
-80.5
-71.6
-79.6
-70.7
-78.7
-69.8
-77.8
-68.9
-76.9
-68.0
(
4600 -67.1 -66.2 -65.3 -64.4 -63.5 -62.6 -61.7 -60.8 -59.9 -59.0
4800 -58.1 -57.2 -56.3 -55.4 -54.5 -53.7 -52.8 -51.9 -51.0 -50.1
5000 -49.2 -48.3 -47.', -46.5 -',5.6 -Lt't.7 -43.8 -42.9 -42.0 -41.1
5200
5400
-40.2 -39.3 -3B.4 -37.5
-31.3 -30.4 -29.5 -28.6
-36.6
-27.7
-35.7
-26.fl
-34.B
-25.9
-33.9
-25.0
-33.0
-24.1
-32.2
-23.2
(
5600 -22.3 -21.4 -20.5 -19.6 -18.7 -17 .B -16.9 -16.0 -15.1 -14.2
5800 -13.3 -12.4 -1l.5 -10.7 -9.8 -8._9 -8.0 -7.1 -6.2 -5.3
6000 -4.4 -3.5 -2.6 -1.7 -0.8 0.1 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.7
(
IV.196B
 TABLE 3.5 - 3

8~ gpm 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

gpm ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

Layer couche: 70-30 mb

4200 -103.9 -103.1 -102.3 -101.5 -100.7 -99.9 -99.1 -98.3 -97.5 -96.7
4400 -95.9 -95.1 -94.2 -93.4 -92.6 -91.8 -91.0 -90.2 -89.4 -88.6
4600 -87.8 -87.0 -86.2 -85.4 -84.6 -83.8 -83.0 -82.2 -81.4 -80.5
4800 -79.7 -78.9 -78.1 -77.3 -76.5 -75.7 -74.9 -74.1 -73.3 -72.5
5000 -71.7 -70.9 -70.1 -69.3 -68.5 -67.7 -66.8 -66.0 -65.2 -64.4
5200 -63.6 -62.8 -62.0 -61.2 -60.4 -59.6 -58.8 -58.0 -57.2 -56.4
5400 -55.6 -54.8 -54.0 -53.2 -52.3 -51.5 -50.7 -49.9 -49.1 -48.3
5600 -47.5 -46.7 -45.9 -45.1 -44.3 -43.5 -42.7 -41.9 -41.1 -40.3
5800 -39.5 -38.6 -37.8 -37.0 -36.2 -35.4 -34.6 -33.8 -33.0 -32.2
6000 -31.4 -30.6 -29.8 -29.0 -28.2 -27.4 -26.6 -25.8 -24.9 -24.1
6200 -23.3 -22.5 -21.7 -20.9 -20.1 -19.3 -18.5 -17.7 -16.9 -16.1
6400 -15.3 -l i ,.5 -13.7 -12.9 -12.1 -11.2 -10.4 -9.6 -8.8 -8.0
6600 -7.2 -6.4 -5.6 -4.8 -4.0 -3.2 -2.4 -1.6 -0.8 0.0
Layer - couche: 50-20 mb
4400 -109.2 -108.5 -107.7 -107.0 -106.2 -105.5 -104.7 -104.0 -103.2 -102.5
4600 -101.8 -101.0 -100.3 -99.5 -98.8 -98.0 -97.3 -96.5 -95.8 -95.1
4800 -94.3 -93.6 -92.8 -92.1 -91.3 -90.6 -89.8 -89.1 -8S.3 -87.6
5000 -86.9 -86.i -85.4 -84.6 -83.9 -83.1 -82.4 -81.6 -80.9 -80.1
5200 -79.4 -78.7 -77.9 -77.2 -76.4 -75.7 -74.9 -74.2 -73.4 -72.7
5 i ,OO -72.0 -71.2 -70.5 -69.7 -69.0 -68.2 -67.5 -66.7 -66.0 -65.2
5600 -64.5 -63.8 -63.0 -62.3 -61.5 -60.8 -60.0 -59.3 -58.5 -57.8
5800 -57.0 -56.3 -55.6 -54.8 -54.1 -53.3 -52.6 -51.8 -51.1 -50.3
6000 -49.6 -48.9 -48.1 -47.4 -46.6 -45.9 -45.1 -44.4 -43.6 -42.9
6200 -42.1 -41.4 -40.7 -39.9 -39.2 -38.4 -37.7 -36.9 -36.2 -35.4
6400 -34.7 -33.9 -33.2 -32.5 -31.7 -31.0 -30.2 -29.5 -28.7 -28.0
6600 -27.2 -26.5 -25.7 -25.0 -24.3 -23.5 -22.8 -22.0 -21.3 -20.5
6800 -19.8 -19.0 -18.3 -17.6 -16.8 -16.1 -15.3 -14.6 -13.8 -13.1
7000 -12.3 -11.6 -10.8 -10.1 -9.4 -8.6 -7.9 -7.1 -6.4 -5.6
Layer - couche : 30-10 mb
5400 -105.3 -104.7 -104.1 -103.5 -102.9 -102.2 -101.6 -101.0 -100.4 -99.7
5600 -99.1 -98.5 -97.9 -97.3 -96.6 -96.0 -95.4 -94.8 -94.2 -93.5
5800 -92.9 -92.3 -91.7 -91.0 -90.4 -89.8 -89.2 -88.6 -87.9 -87.3
6000 -86.7 -86.1 -85.5 -84.8 -84.2 -83.6 -83.0 -82.3 -81.7 -81.1
6200 -80.5 -79.9 -79.2 -78.6 -78.0 -77.4 -76.8 -76.1 -75.5 -74.9
6400 -74.3 -73.6 -73.0 -72.4 -71.8 -71.2 -70.5 -69.9 -69.3 -68.7
6600 -68.1 -67.4 -66.8 -66.2 -65.6 -64.9 -64.3 -63.7 -63.1 -62.5
6800 -61.8 -61.2 -60.6 -60.0 -59.3 -58.7 -58.1 -57.5 -56.9 -56.2
7000 -55.6 -55.0 -54.4 -53.8 -53.1 -52.5 -51.9 -51.3 -50.6 -50.0
7200 -49.4 -48.8 -48.2 -47.5 -46.9 -46.3 -45.7 -45.1 -44.4 -43.8
7400 -43.2 -42.6 -41.9 -41.3 -40.7 -40.1 -39.5 -38.8 -38.2 -37.6
7600 -37.0 -36.4 -35.7 -35.1 -34.5 -33.9 -33.2 -32.6 -32.0 -31.4
7800 -30.8 -30.1 -29.5 -28.9 -28.3 -27.7 -27.0 -26.4 -25.8 -25.2
8000 -24.5 -23.9 -23.3 -22.7 -22.1 -21.4 -20.8 -20.2 -19.6 -19.0
8200 -18.3 -17.7 -17.1 -16.5 -15.8 -15.2 -14.6 -14.0 -13.4 -12.7
8400 -12.1 -11.5 -10.9 -10.2 -9.6 -9.0 -8.4 -7.8 -7.1 -6.5

IV.1968
 TABLE 3.6 - 1

Table 3.6 Geopotential increment corresponding to a pressnre decrease

of 1 mb
Accroissement de geopotentiel correspondant a une diminution
de pression de 1 mb
Virtual
temperature Pressure - A pression, rob
Temperature ,
virtuelle 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 600
'C gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
- 80 5.3882 5.6576 5.9554 6.2862 6.6560 7.0720 7.5435 8.0823 9.4294
- 70 5.6671 5.9505 6.2637 6.6117 7.0006 7.4381 7.9340 8.5007 9.9175
- 60 5.9461 6.2434 6.5720 6.9371 7.3452 7.8043 8.3246 8.9192 10.406
- 50 6.2250 6.5363 6.8803 7.2626 7.6898 8.1704 8.7151 9.3376 10.894
- 40 6.5040 6.8292 7.1886 7.5880 8.0344 8.5365 9.1056 9.7560 11.382
- 30 6.7829 7.1221 7.4970 7.9134 8.3790 8.9026 9.4962 10.174 11.870
~ 20 7.0619 7.4150 7.8053 8.2389 8.7235 9.2687 9.8867 10.593 12.358
-10 7.3408 7.7079 8.1136 8.5643 9.0681 9.6349 10.277 11.011 12.846
0 7.6198 8.0008 8.4219 8.8898 9.4127 10.001 10.668 11.430 13.335
10 7.8987 8.2937 8.7302 9.2152 9.7573 10.367 11.058 11.848 13.823
20 8.1777 8.5866 9.0385 9.5407 10.102 10.733 11.449 12.267 14.311
30 8.4566 8.8795 9.3468 9.8661 10.446 11.099 11.839 12.685 14.799
40 8.7356 9.1724 9.6552 10.192 10.791 11.465 12.230 13.103 15.287
50 9.0145 9.4653 9.9635 10.517 11.136 11.832 12.620 13.522
60 9.2935 9.7582 10.272 10.842
Virtual
temperature Pressure - pression, mb
Temperature .A

virtueUe '500 400 350 300 250 200 175 150 125
'C gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
-100 25.359 28.982 33.812 40.575
- 90 17.882 21.459 26.824 30.655 35.765 42.918
- 80 11.315 14.144 16.165 18.859 22.630 28.288 32.329 37.717 45.261
- 70 11.901 14.876 17.001 19.835 23.802 29.753 34.003 39.670 47.604
- 60 12.487 15.609 17.838 20.811 24.974 31.217 35.677 41.623 49.947
- 50 13.073 16.341 18.675 21.788 26.145 32.682 37.350 43.575 52.290
- 40 13.658 17.073 19.512 22.764 27.317 34.146 39.024 45.528 54.634
- 30 14.244 17.805 20.349 23.740 28.488 35.611 40.698 47.481 56.977
- 20 14.830 18.538 21.186 24.717 29.660 37.075 42.371 49.433 59.320
- 10 15.416 19.270 22.023 25.693 30.832 38.540 44.045 51.386 61.663
0 16.002 20.002 22.859 26.669 32.003 4~.O04 45.719 53.339 64.006
10 16.587 20.734 23.696 27.646 33.175 4 .468 47.392 55.291
20 17.173 21.466 24.533 28.622 34.346 42.933
30 17.759 22.199 25.370
40 18.345
Virtual
temperature
Temperature i
100 80 50
Pressure -

40
.pressioll, mb

30 20 15 10
virtuelle 60 5
'C gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm
-110 47.789 59.736 79.649 95.578 119.47 159.30 238.95 318.59 477.89 955.78
-100 50.718 63.398 84.530 101.44 126.80 169.06 253.59 338.12 507.18 1014.4
- 90 53.647 67.059 89.412 107.29 134.12 178.82 268.24 357.65 536.47 1072.9
- 80 56.576 70.720 94.294 113.15 141.44 188.59 282.88 377.17 565.76 1131.5
- 70 59.505 74.381 99.175 119.01 148.76 198.35 297.53 396.70 595.05 1190.1
-60 62.434 78.043 104.06 124.87 156.09 208.11 312.17 416.23 624.34 1248.7
- 50 65.363 81.704 108.94 130.73 163.41 217.88 326.82 435.75 653.63 1307.3
- 40 68.292 85.365 113.82 136.58 170.73 227.64 341.46 455.28 682.92 1365.8
- 30 71.221 89.026 118.70 142.44 178.05 237.40 356.11 474.81 712.21 1424.4
- 20 74.150 92.687 123.58 148.30 185.38 247..17 370.75 494.33 741.50 1483.0
- 10 77.079 96.349 128.46 154.16 192.70 256.93 385.40 513.86 770.79 1541.6
0 80.008 100.01 133.35 160.02 200.02 266.69 400.04 533.39 800.08 16002

IV.1968
 TABLE 3.7 - 1

Table 3.7 Pressure increment corresponding to a geopotential decrease

of 10 gpm
Accroissement de pression correspondant a une diminution de
geopotentiel de 10 gpm
Virtual
temperature
Temperature
virtuelle
I

1050 1000 950

Pressure -

900
.
850
pressio-n, mb

800 750 700 600

'C mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
- 80 1.8559 1.7675 1.6792 1.5908 1.5024 1.4140 1.3256 1.2373 1.0605
- 70 1.7646 1.6805 1.5965 1.5125 1.4284 1.3444 1.2604 1.1764 1.0083
- 60 1.6818 1.6017 1.5216 1.4415 1.3614 1.2814 1.2013 1.1212 .96101
- 50 1.6064 1.5299 1.4534 1.3769 1.3004 1.223!l 1.1474 1.0709 .91795
- 40 1.5375 1.4643 1.3911 1.3179 1.2447 1.1714 1.0982 1.0250 .87858
- 30 1.4743 1.4041 1.3339 1.2637 1.1935 1.1233 1.0531 .98285 .84245
- 20 1.4160 1.3486 1.2812 1.2138 1.1463 1.0789 1.0115 .94403 .80917
- 10 1.3622 1.2974 1.2325 1.1676 1.1028 1.0379 .97303 .90816 .77842
0 1.3124 1.2499 1.1874 1.1249 1.0624 .99990 .93741 .87491 .74992
10 1.2660 1.2057 1.1454 1.0852 1.0249 .96459 .90430 .84401 .72344
20 1.2228 1.1646 1.1064 1.0481 .98991 .93169 .87345 .81522 .69876
30 1.1825 1.1262 1.0699 1.0136 .95726 .90095 .84464 .78833 .67571
40 1.1447 1.0902 1.0357 .98120 .92669 .87218 .81767 .76316 .65414
50 1.1093 1.0565 1.0037 .95084 .89802 .84519 .79237 .73954
60 1.0760 1.0248 .97354 .92230

Virtual
temperature
Temperature /
virtuelle 500 400 350
Pressure -

300
.
250
pression, rob

200 175 150 125

'C mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
-100 .39434 .34504 .29575 .24646
-90 .55921 .46601 .37281 .32621 .27960 .23300
- 80 .88376 .70701 .61864 .53026 .44188 .35351 .30932 .26513 .22094
- 70 .84026 .67221 .58819 .50416 .42013 .33611 .29409 .25208 .21007
- 60 .80084 .64067 .56059 .48051 .40042 .32034 .28030 .24025 .20021
- 50 .76496 .61196 .53547 .45898 .38248 .30598 .26774 .22949 .19124
- 40 .73215 .58572 .51251 .43929 .36607 .29286 .25625 .21964 .18304
- 30 .70204 .56163 .49143 .42122 .35102 .28082 .24571 .21061 .17551
- 20 .67431 .53945 .47202 .40459 .33715 .26972 .23601 .20229 .16858
- 10 .64869 .51895 .45408 .38921 .32434 .25947 .22704 .19461 .16217
0 .62494 .49995 .43746 .374% .31247 .24998 . .21873 .18748 .15623
10 .60287 .48229 .42201 .36172 .30143 .24115 .21100 .18086
20 .58230 .46584 .40761 .34938 .29115 .23292
30 .56310 .45047 .39417
40 .54511
Virtual
temperature Pressure - ?ression, mb
Temperature ,
virtuelle 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 15 10 5
'C mb mb. mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
-110 .20925 .16740 .12555 .10463 .08370 .06278 .04185 .03139 .02093 .01046
-100 .19717 .15773 .11830 .09858 .07887 .05915 .03943 .02958 .01972 .00986
- 90 .18640 .14912 .11184 .09320 .07456 .05592 .03728 .02796 .01864 .00932
- 80 .17675 .14140 .10605 .08838 .07070 .05303 .03535 .02651 .01768 .00884
- 70 .16805 .13444 .10083 .08403 .06722 .05042 .03361 .02521 .01681 .00840
- 60 .16017 .12814 .0%10 .08008 .06407 .04805 .03203 .02403 .01602 .00801
- 50 .15299 .12239 .09179 .07650 .06120 .04590 .03060 .02295 .01530 .00765
- 40 .14643 .11714 .08786 .07321 .05857 .04393 .02929 .02196 .01464 .00732
- 30 .14041 .11233 .08424 .07020 .05616 .04212 .02808 .02106 .01404 .00702
- 20 .13486 .10789 .08092 .06743 .05394 .04046 .02697 .02023 .01349 .00674
-10 .12974 .10379 .07784 .06487 .05189 .03892 .02595 .01946 .01297 .00649
0 .12499 .09999 .07499 .06249 .04999 .03750 .02500 .01875 .01250 .00625

IV.196S
 TABLE 3.8 - 1

Table 3.8.1

INTERNATIONAL BAROMETER CONVENTIONS *

(1) Standard temperature and density of mercury

The value of OOC shall be the standard temperature to which mercury baro-
meter readings are reduced for the purpose of relating actual density of mercury
at its observed temperature to the standard density of mercury at OOC.
The standard density of mercury at OoC (symbol PHg,o) shall be considered to
be 13.5951 grammes per cubic centimetre; and, for the purposes of calculating
absolute pressures by means of the hydrostatic equation, the mercury in the
column of a mercury barometer shall be regarded conventionally as an incom-
pressible fluid.

(2) Standard (normal) gravity

Barometric readings shall be reduced from local acceleration of gravity to
standard (normal) gravity. The value of standard (normal) gravity (symbol gn)
shall be regarded as a conventional constant:
gn = 980.665 cm sec-2
NOTE: This is recognized by scientists as a gravity datum to which reported
barometric data in mm or inches of mercury shall refer but it does not represent the
value of gravity at latitude 45°, at sea-level.

(3) Pressure units

(a) The millibar, defined as a unit of pressure equal to 1 000 dynes cm-2 , shall
be the unit in which pressures are reported for meteorological purposes.
(b) In accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), a column of
mercury at a standard temperature of OOC when subjected to an acceleration
of gravity equal to standard (normal) gravity, gn = 980.665 cm sec- 2 , may
be regarded as representing pressure due to the weight of mercury on a unit
cross-section area (one square centimetre). When the mercury column under
these standard conditions of temperature and gravity has a tl'lle scale height
of one millimetre, it shall be considered to represent a unit of pressure called
"one millimetre of mercury under standard conditions", symbol "(mm Hg)n".
When it is clear from the context that standard conditions are implied, the
briefer term "millimetre of mercury" may be used in reference to this unit.
In view of the provisions of paragraphs (1), (2) and (3 a), a column of mercury
having a true scale height of 760 millimetres when subjected to standard
conditions of temperature and gravity yields a pressure of 1 013 250 dynes
cm-2 = 1 013.250 mb.
Consistent with the foregoing the following conversion factors obtain:
1 millibar = 0.750062 (mm Hg)n
1 (mm Hg)n = 1.333 224 mb

* This table is reproduced from Appendix A to WMO TR.

V.1966
 TABLE 3.8 - 2 (
(c) Analogous to the case outlined above under (b), "one inch of mercury under
standard conditions", symbol "(in Hg)n", shall refer to the pressure due to (
the weight of mercury per unit cross-section area when the column has a
true scale height of one inch, propided the mercury is at the standard tem-
perature of oDe (32 0F) and it is subjected to an acceleration of gravity equal
to the standard (normal) value, gn = 980.665 cm sec-2 •
When it is clear from the context that standard conditions are implied, the
briefer term "inch of mercury" may be used in reference to this unit.
In cases where the conpentional engineering relationship between the inch and
millimetre is assumed, namely 1 inch = 25.4 millimetres, the following con-
version factors obtain:
1 mb = 0.0295300 (in Hg)n
1 (in Hg)n = 33.863 9 mb
1 (mm Hg)n = 0.039 370 08 (in Hg)n

(d) When pres.sure data are issued, preference shall be given to expressing them
in millibars; but if they are required in other units they should be given
preferably in standard units as outlined under (b) and (c) above; that is,
either in (mm Hg)n or in (in Hg)n, as the case may be.

(
(4) Mercury barometer scales and standard instrumental conditions
Except for mercury barometers, still serviceable and graduated with scales
on a different basis than that outlined below, scales on mercury barometers shall (
be graduated so that they yield true pressure readings directly in standard units
as defined under paragraph (3) when the entire instrument is maintained at the
standard temperature of oDe and at the standard (normal) value of gravity,
gn = 980.665 cm sec-2 •
It will be understood that the foregoing recommendation implies that the
scales of Fortin barometers graduated in millimetres or inches shall yield true
linear readings when the scale is maintained at a temperature of oDe, except
possibly for the case of barometers referred to in the first clause of the preceding
paragraph.
Mercury barometers having scales engraved so as to yield standard units of (
pressure as prescribed in paragraph (3) when the instrument is maintained at the
standard conditions of temperature and gravity specified under paragraphs (1)
and (2) should have inscribed on the barometer scale(s) whichever of the following
legends are appropriate:

"True mb at oDe and 980.665 cm sec-2" (1)

"True (mm Hg)n at oDe and 980.665 cm sec-2" (2)
"True (in Hg)n at oDe and 980.665 cm sec-2" (3)

Barometers may have more than one scale engraved on them; for example,
mb and (mm Hg)n, or mb and (in Hg)n, provided the conditions specified above
are fulfilled.

V.1966
 (5) Determination of local acceleration of gravity 3. a-3
The value of g""H required for reducing barometer readings to standard
gravity shall be based on the most accurate determination of the acceleration
(':.9f gravity, g, available. In the event that the local value of the acceleration
-'bf gravity has not been determined on the basis of some method considered
to .be more accurate in the absolute sense than the methods outlined in
Table 3.8.2, it shall be ascertained in accordance with the provisions repro-
'dliced in Table 3.8.2.
(6) Standard instrumental conditions for mercury barometers bearing alti-
tude scales
Except for mercury barometers still serviceable and graduated with scales
on a different basis from that outlined below, mercury barometers that bear a
scale representing altitudes corresponding to pressures in accordance with some
specified standard atmosphere shall have the scale graduated so that it will
indicate the assumed pressure-altitude relationship when the entire instrument
is maintained at the standard temperature of OoC and at the standard (normal)
value of gravity, gn = 980.665 cm sec-2 •
Barometers bearing scales satisfying these standard conditions should have
inscribed on the scales an inscription of the following character:
"True - - - - pressure-altitude
at OoC, 980.665 cm sec-2 "

where there is inserted in the blank space the standard on which the pressure-
altitude relationship is based, for example, ICAO.
 TABLE 3.8 - 4 (
Table 3.8.2

PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THEORETICAL VALUES (

OF LOCAL ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY *
(
(1) The theoretical value (grp,o) of the acceleration of gravity at mean sea-
level at geographic latitude rp is computed by means of the equation:
(
grp,o = 980.616 (1 - 0.002 637 3 cos 2rp + 0.000 005 9 cos 2rp), in cm sec-
2 2
(1)

(2) The local value of the acceleration of gravity at a given point on the (
surface of the ground at a land station is computed by means of the equation:
g = grp,o - 0.000 308 6 H +
0.000 111 8 (H - H') (2)
where
g = local calculated value of the acceleration of gravity, in cm sec-2 , at
the given point;
grp,o = theoretical value of the acceleration of gravity in cm sec-2 at mean
(
sea-level at geographic latitude rp ,computed in accord with equation
(1) above;
H = actual elevation of the given point, in metres above mean sea·level ;
and (
H' = mean elevation in metres above mean sea-level, of the actual surface
of the terrain included within a circle whose radius is about 150 kilo-
metres, centred at the given point. (
(3) The local value of the acceleration of gravity at a given point within a
distance (H) above mean sea-level of not more than about 10 kilometres where
the point lies over the sea-water surface is computed by means of the equation:
g = grp,o - 0.000 308 6 H - 0.000 068 8 (D - D' ) (3)
where (
g =
local calculated value of the acceleration of gravity, in cm sec- at 2,

the given point;

grp,o = theoretical value of the acceleration of gravity, in cm sec-2 , at mean .(
sea-level at geographic latitude rp, computed in accord with equation (1);
.H = actual elevation of the given point, in metres above mean sea-level;
D = depth of water, in metres, below the given point; (
D' = mean depth of water, in metres, included within a circle whose radius
is about 150 kilometres centred at the given point.
(4) At stations or points on or near a sea coast, the local value of the accelera-
(
tion of gravity is calculated, so far as practicable, through the use of equations (2)
and (3) on a pro rata basis, weighting the last term of equation (2) according to
the relative area of land included within the specified circle and weighting the

* This table is reproduced from Appendix B to vVMO TR.

V.19GG
 TABLE 3.8. - 5

last term of equation (3) according to the relative area of the sea included within
the circle, then combining algebraically the values thus secured to obtain a
correction which is applied to the first two terms in the right-hand members of
either of those equations.

(5) In order to compute the value of the acceleration of gravity at a given

point in the free air at an altitude Z in metres, above mean sea -level, equations (2)
and (3), for land and sea surfaces respectively, may be adapted for the purpose
by substituting for the term
- 0.000 308 6 H
in equations (2) and (3) the following free-air term:
Free-air term =

{- [0.000 308 55 + 0.000000227 cos 2qJ]Z

+ [0.000072 54 + 0.00000010 cos . Z
2qJ] (1000
)2} (4)

(6) Any value of the acceleration of gravity derived in the manner des-
cribed in paragraphs (1)-(5), inclusive, shall be referred to as being on the mete-
orological gravity system, to distinguish the data from those on the so-called
Potsdam system which is widely used by geodetic organizations and which is on
a basis that yields values 0.013 cm sec-2 greater than those on the meteorological
gravity system.

NOTE: Further procedures for determining local acceleration of gravity are given
in WMO Publication No. 8. TP. 3.

V.1966
 TABLE 3.9-1

Table 3.9.1 ICAO standard atmosphere : temperature, pressure and

density as function of geopotential altitude
Atmosphere type OACI: temperature, pression et masse
volumique en fonction de l' altitude geopotentielle
H: geopotential altitude in m or geopotential in standard gpm-
altitude geopotentielle en m ou geopotentiel en gpm standard
t: temperature, 0 C
p: pressure in mb - pression en mb
p: density in kg m-3 - masse volumique en kg m-3

H p P H P P
- 1000 21.500 1139.29 1.3470 16000 -56.500 102.874 0.16542
- 500 18.250 1074.77 1.2849 16500 -56.500 95.0748 0.15288
0 15.000 1013.25 1.2250 17000 -56.500 87. 8666 0.14129
500 11.750 954.608 1.167) 17500 -56.500 81.2049 0.13058
1000 8.500 898.745 1.1116 18000 -56.500 75.0482 0.12068
1500 5.250 845.560 1.0581 18500 -56.500 69.3583 0.11153
2000 2.000 794.952 1.0065 19000 -56.500 64.0999 0.10307
2500 -1. 250 746.825 0.95686 19500 -56.500 59.2401 0.095257
3000 -4.500 701.085 0.90912 20000 -56.500 54.7487 0.088035
3500 -7.750 657.640 0.86323 20500 -56.000 50.6025 0.081180
4000 -11.000 616.402 0.81913 21000 -55.500 46.7787 0.074873
4500 -14.250 577. 283 0.77677 21500 -55.000 43.2517 0.069069
5000 -17.500 540.199 0.7)612 22000 -54.500 39.9978 0.063727
5500 -20.750 505.068 0.69711 22500 -54.000 36.9953 0.058809
6000 -24.000 471.810 0.65970 23000 -53.500 34.2242 0.054280
6500 -27.250 440.348 0.62384 23500 -53.000 31.6663 0.050109
7000 -30.500 410.607 0.58950 24000 -52.500 29.3048 0.046267
7500 -33.750 382.514 0.55662 24500 -52.000 27.1241 0.042727
8000 -37.000 355.998 0.52517 25000 -51.500 25.1101 0.039466
8500 -40.250 330.990 0.49509 25500 -51.000 23.2497 0.036459
9000 -43.500 307.424 0.46635 26000 -50.500 21.5308 0.033688
9500 -46.750 285.236 0.43890 26500 -50.000 19.9425 0.031133
1‫סס‬oo -50.000 264.362 0.41271 27000 -49.500 18.4745 0.028777
10500 -53.250 244.743 0.38772 27500 -49.000 17.1175 0.026604
11000 -56.500 226.320 0.36392 28000 -48.500 15.8628 0.024599
11500 -56.500 209.161 0.33633 28500 -48.000 14.7026 0.0 22749
12000 -56.500 193.304 0.31083 29000 -47.500 13.6296 0.021042
12500 -56.500 178.648 0.28726 29500 -47.000 12.6370 0.019466
13000 -56.500 165.104 0.26548 30000 -46.500 11. 7186 0.018012
13500 -56.500 152.586 0.24535 30500 -46.000 10.8688 0.016669
14000 -56.500 141.018 0.22675 31000 -45.500 10.0823 0.015429
14500 -56.500 130.326 0.20956 31500 -45.000 9.35421 0.014283
l-5000 -56.500 120.445 0.19367 32000 -44.500 8.68014 0.013225
15500 -56.500 111.314 0.17899

\, lDGG
 TABLE 3.9 - 2 (
Table 3.9.2 leAO standard atmosphere: geopotential altitude as a
function of pressure
Atmosphere type OACI: altitude geopotentielle (
en fonction de la pression
p: pressure in mb - pression en rob
H: geopotential altitude in m or geopotential in standard gpm
(
altitude geopotentielle en m ou geopotentiel en gpm standard

l' 1I l' 1I l' H l' H l' H (

10.00 31055 40.0 22000 80.0 17595 200.0 11784 650.0 3591
10.50 )07)0 41.0 21842 81.0 17516 210.0 11475 660.0 )47 2
42.0 21688 82.0 174)8 220.0 11180 670.0 3355
11.00 )0420 43.0 21537 83.0 17)61 2)0.0 10898 680.0 3239
11.50 )0125 44.0 21390 84.0 17285 240.0 10626 690.0 3125
45.0 21247 85.0 17210 250.0 10)63
12.00 29843 46.0 21107 86.0 171)6 260.0 10109 700.0 )012
12.50 2957 2 47.0 20970 87.0 17063 270.0 9862 710.0 2901 (
48.0 20836 88.0 16990 280.0 96 23 720.0 2790
13.00 29313 49.0 20705 89.0 16919 290.0 9390 7)0.0 2681
13·50 29063 740.0 2573
50.0 20576 90.0 16848 )00.0 9164 750.0 2466
14.00 28823 51.0 20450 91.0 16778 310.0 8944 760.0 2)61
14.50 28591 52.0 20327 92.0 16708 320.0 8729 770.0 2256
53.0 20206 93·0 16640 3)0.0 8520 780.0 2153
15.00 28)68 54.0 20087 94.0 16572 )40.0 8316 790.0 2050 (
15.50 28152 55.0 19971 95.0 16505 350.0 8117
56.0 19857 96.0 16439 )60.0 7923 800.0 1949
16.00 27943 57.0 19744 97.0 16373 370.0 7732 810.0 1849
16.50 27741 58.0 196)4 98.0 16)08 )80.0 7546 820.0 1749
59.0 19526 99.0 16243 390.0 7)64 8)0.0 1651
17·00 27545 840.0 1554
17.50 27355 60.0 19419 100.0 16180 400.0 7185 850.0 1457
61.0 19314 105.0 15870 410.0 7011 860.0 1)62
18.00 27170 62.0 19211 420.0 6839 870.0 1267 (
18.50 26991 63.0 19110 110.0 15575 4)0.0 6671 880.0 1173
64.0 19010 115.0 15293 440.0 6506 890.0 1081
19.00 26816 65.0 18912 450.0 6)44
19.50 26647 66.0 18815 120.0 15023 460.0 6184 900.0 988 (
67.0 18719 125.0 14765 470.0 6028 910.0 897
20.0 26481 68.0 18625 480.0 5874 920.0 807
21.0 26163 69.0 18533 1)0.0 14516 490.0 5723 9)0.0 717
22.0 25860 135.0 14277 940.0 628 (
23.0 25570 70.0 18442 500.0 5574 950.0 540
24.0 25294 71.0 18352 140.0 14046 510.0 5428 960.0 453
25.0 25029 72 .0 18263 145.0 1)823 520.0 5284 970.0 )66
26.0 24774 73·0 18175 5)0.0 5142 980.0 281
27·0 245)0 74.0 18089 150.0 13608 540.0 5003 990.0 195 (
28.0 24294 75.0 18004 155.0 1)400 550.0 4865
29.0 24068 76.0 17920 560.0 4730 1000.0 III
77·0 17837 160.0 13199 570.0 4596 1010.0 27
)0.0 23849 78.0 17755 165.0 1)004 580.0 4464 1020.0 -56
31.0 2)637 79.0 17675 590.0 4335 10)0.0 -139
32 .0 2)432 170.0 12815 1040.0 -220
33.0 232)4 175.0 12631 600.0 4206 1050.0 -)02
)4.0 2)042 610.0 4080 1060.0 -)82
35.0 22856 180.0 12452 620.0 3955 1070.0 -462
)6.0 22675 185.0 12278 630.0 3832 1080.0 -541
37·0 22499 640.0 3711 1090.0 -620
)8.0 22328 190.0 12109
39·0 22162 195.0 11945 1100.0 -698

V. 19GG
 TABLE 3.10 - 1

Table 3.10 Altimeter setting (QNH) compntation factors

Facteurs pour le calcul du calage de l'altimetre (QNH)

Geopotential Geopotential
geopotemiet A B geopotentiel A B
m' m'

0 0 1.00000 2000 45.71 1.217 12

50 1.14 1.00481 2050 46.86 1.22323
100 2.29 1.00966 2100 48.00 1.22941
150 3.43 1.01453 2150 49.14 1.23563
200 4.57 1.01943 2200 50.28 1.241 88
250 5.71 1.02437 2250 51.43 1.248 18
300 6.86 1.02932 2300 52.57 1.25451
350 8.00 1.03431 2350 53.71 1.26088
400 9.14 1.03933 2400 54.86 1.26728
450 10.29 1.04438 2450 56.00 1.27373

500 11.43 1.04945 2500 57.14 1.28024

550 12.57 1.05457 2550 58.28 1.28678
600 13.71 1.05971 2600 59.43 1.29333
650 14.86 1.06489 2650 60.57 1.29995
700 16.00 1.07009 2700 61.71 1.30661
750 17.14 1.07532 2750 62.86 1.313 31
800 18.29 1.08058 2800 64.00 1.32005
850 19.43 1.08588 2850 65.14 1.32684
900 20.57 1.091 22 2900 66.28 1.33367
950 21.71 1.09658 2950 67.43 1.34056

1000 22.86 1.101 98 3000 68.57 1.34746

1050 24.00 1.10740 3050 69.71 1.35441
1100 25.14 1.11286 3100 70.86 1.36142
1150 26.28 1.11837 3 150 72.00 1.36847
1200 27.43 1.123 89 3200 73.14 1.37556
1250 28.57 1.12945 3250 74.28 1.38271
1300 29.71 1.13504 3300 75.43 1.38988
1350 30.86 1.14067 3350 76.57 1.39711
1400 32.00 1.14633 3400 77.71 1.40440
1450 33.14 1.15204 3450 78.85 1.411 74

1500 34.28 1.15778 3500 80.00 1.41909

1550 35.43 1.163 54 3550 81.14 1.42651
1600 36.57 1.16935 3600 82.28 1.43398
1650 37.71 1.175 19 3650 83.43 1.441 51
1700 38.86 1.181 06 3700 84.57 1.44907
1750 40.00 1.18698 3750 85.71 1.45668
1800 41.14 1.19293 3800 86.85 1.46434
1850 42.28 1.19892 3850 88.00 1.472 04
19.00 43.43 1.20494 3900 89.14 1.479 81
1950 44.57 1.211 00 3950 90.28 1.48763
4000 91.43 1.49549

VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.11 - 1

Table 3.11.1 Mean temperature of various layers in ICAO standard atmosphere

Temperature moyenne de differentes couches dans ['atmosphere type OACI

H*: pressure-altitude - altitude-pression, m/

t; temperature, °C (base or top of the layer - base ou sommet de la couche)

Top of the layer Base of the layer - base de la couche

sornmet de la couche IH* :
t:
0
15.00
500
11.75
1000
8.50
1500
5.25
2000
2.00
2500
-1.25
3000
-4.50
3500
-7.75
4000
-11.00
4500
-14.25
5000
-17.50
K K K K K K K K K K K
H* t
500 11.75 286.5
1000 8.50 284.9 283.3
1500 5.25 283.2 281.6 280.0
<I 2000 2.00 281.6 280.0 278.4 27~.8
H
H
;... 2500 -1.25 279.9 278.3 276.7 275.1 273.5
..,'" 3000 -4.50 278.3 276.7 275.1 273.5 271.9 270.3
"" 350.0 -7.75 276.6 275.0 273.4 271.8 270.2 268.6 267.0
4000 -11.00 274.9 273.4 271.8 270.2 268.6 267.0 265.4 263.8
4500 -14.25 273.3 271.7 270.1 268.5 266.9 265.3 263.7 262.1 260.5
5000 -17.50 271.6 270.0 268.4 266.9 265.3 263.7 262.1 260.5 258.9 257.3

5500 -20.75 269.9 268.3 266.8 265.2 263.6 262.0 260.4 258.8 257.2 255.6 254.0
6000 -24.00 268.2 266.6 265.1 263.5 261.9 260.4 258.8 257.2 255.6 254.0 252.4
6500 -27.25 266.5 264.9 263.4 261.8 260.3 258.7 257.1 255.5 253.9 252.3 250.7
7000 -30.50 264.7 263.2 261.7 260.1 258.6 2<:'7.0 255.4 253.9 252.3 250.7 249.1
7500 -33.75 263.0 261.5 260.0 258.4 25p.9 255.3 253.7 252.2 250.6 249.0 247.4
8000 -37.00 261.3 259.8 258.2 256.7 255.2 253.6 252.1 250.5 248.9 247.4 245.8
8500 -40.25 259.5 258.0 256.5 255.0 253.4 251.9 250.3 248.8 247.2 245.7 244.1
9000 -43.50 257.8 256.3 254.8 253.2 251.7 250.2 248.6 247.1 245.5 244.0 242.4
9500 -46.75 256.0 254.5 253.0 251.5 250.0 248.5 246.9 245.4 243.8 242.3 240.7
10000 -50.00 254.3 252.8 251.3 249.8 248.2 246.7 245.2 243.7 242.1 240.6 239.0

10500 -53. 25 1 252.5 251.0 249.5 241\.0 246.5 245.0 243.5 241.9 240.4 238.9 237.3
11 000 -56.50 250.7 249.2 247.7 246.2 244.7 243.2 241.7 240.2 238.7 237.1 235.6
 TABLE 3.11 - 2

Top of the layer Base of the layer - base de la couche

sommet de la couche IH. : 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
t: 15.00 11.75 8.50 5.25 2.00 -1.25 --4.50 -7.75 -11.00 -14.25 -17.50
K K K K K K h. h. K K K
H· t
12000 -56.50 247.5 246.0 244.5 243.1 241.6 ,240.1 238.7 237.2 235.7 234.2 232.7
13000 -56.50 244.8 243.4 241.9 240.5 239.1 237.7 236.3 234.8 233.4 232.0 230.6
14000 -56.50 242.5 241.2 239.8 23R.4 237.1 235.7 234.3 233.0 231.6 230.3 228.9
15000 -56.50 240.6 239.3 238.0 236.7 235.3 234.0 232.7 231.5 230.2 228.9 227.6
16000 -56.50 239.0 237.7 236.4 235.2 233.9 232.7 231.4 230.2 229.0 227.8 226.6
17000 -56.50 237.5 236.3 235.1 233.9 232.7 231.5 230.3 229.1 228.0 226.8 2?5.7
18000 -56.50 236.3 235.1 233.9 232.8 231.6 230.5 229.3 228.2 227.1 226.1 22';.0
...<I...
;...
19000 -56.50
-56.50
235.1
234.1
234.0
233.1
232.9
232.0
231.8 230.7 229.6 228.5 227.4 226.4 225.4 224.4
223.9
20000 230.9 229.8 228.8 227.8 226.8 225.8 224.8
...,'"
'"
21000 -55.50 233.3 232.2 231.2 230.2 229.1 228.1 227.2 226.2 225.2 224.3 223.4
22000 -54.50 232.5 231.5 230.5 229.5 228.6 227.6 226.7 225.7 224.8 224.0 223.1
23000 -53.50 231.9 230.9 230.0 229.0 228.1 227.2 226.3 225.4 224.5 223.7 2?2.9
24000 -52.50 231.4 230.5 229.5 228.6 227.7 226.8 226.0 225.1 224.3 223.5 222.7
25000 -51.50 231.0 230.1 229.2 228.3 227.4 226.6 22'5.7 224.9 224.2 223.4 222.7
26000 -50.50 230.6 229.7 228.9 22R.0 227.2 226.4 225.6 224.8 224.1 223.3 222.6
27000 -49.50 230.3 229.5 228.7 227.8 227.0 226.3 225.5 224.7 224.0 223.3 222.7
28000 -48.50 230.1 229.3 228.5 227.7 226.9 226.2 225.4 224.7 224.0 223.4 222.7
29000 -47.50 229.9 229.1 228.4 227.6 226.9 226.1 225.4 224.7 224.1 223.4 222.8
30000 -46.50 229.8 229.0 228.3 227.6 226.8 226.1 225.4 224.8 224.2 223.5 223.0

31000 -45. 50 1 229.7 229.0 228.3 227.5 226.8 226.2 225.5 224.9 224.3 223.7 223.1
32000 -44.50 229.7 229.0 228.2 227.6 226.9 226.2 225.6 225.0 224.4 223.8 223.3

,- ~
--- ~
,- ,---.. ,.-. ,..- ~ .- """' .- -, -- -, ~
 TABLE 3.11 - 3

Table 3.11. 2 Correction of altimeter reading as a function of pressure-

altitude and deviation of observed temperature from
standard temperature
Correction des lectures de l'altimetre en fonction de l'altitude-
pression et de l'ecart entre la temperature observee et la
temperature standard
Pressure- AT = T mu - T m ., °C
altitude
altitude- 4 1 10
pression
m' m' m' m' m' m' m' m' m' m' m'

500 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 16 17
1000 4 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 32 35
1500 5 11 11: 21 26 32 37 42 48 53
2000 7 14 21 28 36 43 50 57 64 71
2500 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 71 80 89
3000 11 22 32 43 54 65 75 86 97 108
3500 13 25 31' 51 63 76 89 101 114 127
4000 I!> 29 44 58 73 87 102 116 111 145
4500 16 33 4<; 66 82 99 115 132 148 165
5000 18 37 55 74 92 110 129 147 Ih6 184

5500 20 41 61 82 102 122 143 163 183 204

6000 22 45 67 89 112 134 157 179 2(\1 224
6500 24 49 13 98 122 146 171 195 220 244
1(}00 26 53 1<; 106 132 159 185 212 238 264
7500 29 51 86 114 143 171 200 228 2'37 285
8000 31 61 92 122 153 184 214 245 276 306
8500 33 65 91' 131 164 196 2?9 262 295 3?7
9000 35 70 105 140 175 209 244 279 314 349
9500 31 14 111 148 186 223 260 291 334 371
10000 39 19 111' 151 191 236 215 315 354 393

10500 42 83 125 166 208 250 291 333 374 416

11000 44 88 132 176 219 263 307 351 395 439

12000 48 97 145 194 242 291 339 388 436 485

13000 53 106 159 212 266 319 372 425 418 <;31
14000 58 115 173 231 289 346 404 462 520 577
15000 62 125 187 249 312 374 436 499 561 623
16000 61 134 201 268 335 402 469 536 603 670
17000 72 143 215 286 358 429 501 573 644 7'16
18000 76 152 22<; 305 381 457 533 609 686 162
19000 81 162 242 323 404 485 566 646 727 808
20000 85 111 256 342 427 513 598 683 7h9 854

21000 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900
22000 95 189 284 378 473 568 662 757 851 946
23000 99 198 291' 391 496 595 694 193 893 992
24000 104 201 311 415 519 622 726 830 933 1037
25000 108 216 325 433 541 649 758 866 914 1082
26000 113 225 331:' 451 564 676 189 902 1015 1127
27000 117 234 352 469 586 703 821 938 1055 1112
28000 122 243 365 487 608 730 85? 973 10 Q 5 1217
29000 126 252 371' 504 631 151 883 1009 1115 1261
30000 131 261 392 522 653 183 914 1044 1175 1305

31000 135 210 405 540 675 810 94<; 101'10 1214 1349
32000 139 279 411' 557 697 836 975 1115 12'34 1393
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.12 - 1

1100
Table 3.12.1 Values of the term 67.445 X 273.15 log - - as a
function of pressure p, in mb p
1 100
Valeurs de l'expression 67,445 X 273,15 log - - en
fonction de la pression p, en mb p

p
mb 0 1 2 3 4 5 678 9
o 56030.1 50484.3 47240.3 44938.6 43153.3 41694.6 40461.2 39392.9 38450.5
10 37607.6 36845.0 36148.8 35508.4 34915.5 34363.5 33847.2 33362.1 32904.8 32472.2
20 32061.8 31671.5 31299.3 30943.6 30603.1 30276.5 29962.7 29660.8 29369.8 29089.0
30 28817.8 28555.4 28301.4 28055.2 27816.4 27584.5 27359.1 27139.9 26926.5 26718.7
40 26516.1 26318.5 26125.7 25937.5 25753.5 25573.7 25397.9 25225.8 25057.4 24892.4
50 24730.8 24572.3 24417.0 24264.6 24115.0 23968.2 23824.1 23682.5 23543.3 23406.5
60 23272.1 23139.8 23009.7 22881.7 22755.7 22631.7 22509.5 22389.2 22270.7 22153.9
70 22038.7 21925.3 21813.3 21703.0 21594.1 21486.7 21380.8 21276.2 21172.9 21071.0
80 20970.4 20871.0 20772.8 20675.8 20580.0 20485.3 20391.8 20299.3 20207.8 20117.4
90 20028.0 19939.6 19852.2 19765.7 19680.1 19595.4 19511.7 19428.8 19346.7 19265.5
100 19185.1 19105.4 19026.6 18948.6 18871.3 18794.7 18718.9 18643.7 18569.3 18495.6
110 18422.5 18350.1 18278.3 18207.2 18136.7 18066.9 17997.6 17928.9 17860.8 17793.3
120 17726.3 17659.9 17594.1 17528.8 17464.0 17399.7 17336.0 17272.7 17210.0 17147.7
130 17085.9 17024.6 16963.8 16903.4 16843.5 16784.0 16724.9 16666.3 16608.1 16550.4
140 16493.0 16436.1 16379.5 16323.4 16267.6 16212.3 16157.3 16102.7 16048.4 15994.5
150 15941.0 15887.9 15835.0 15782.6 15730.5 15678.7 15627.2 15576.1 15525.3 15474.8
160 15424.7 15374.8 15325.3 15276.0 15227.1 15178.5 15130.1 15082.1 15034.3 14986.8
170 14939.6 14892.7 14846.0 14799.7 14753.5 14707.7 14662.1 14616.8 14571.7 14526.9
180 14482.3 14438.0 14393.9 14350.1 14306.5 14263.1 14220.0 14177.1 14134.4 14091.9
190 14049.7 14007.7 13965.9 13924.4 13883.0 13841.9 13801.0 13760.3 13719.7 13679.4
200 13639.3 13599.4 13559.7 13520.2 13480.9 13441.8 13402.8 13364.1 13325.5 13287.2
210 13249.0 1321LO 13173.1 13135.5 13098.0 13060.7 13023.6 12986.6 12949.8 12913.2
220 12876.8 12840.5 12804.4 12768.4 12732.6 12697.0 12661.5 12626.2 12591.0 12556.0
230 12521.1 12486.4 12451.9 12417.4 12383.2 12349.1 12315.1 12281.3 12247.6 12214.0
240 12180.6 12147.3 12114.2 12081.2 12048.4 12015.6 11983.1 11950.6 11918.3 11886.1
250 11854.0 11822.1 11790.3 11758.6 11727.0 11695.6 11664.3 11633.1 11602.0 11571.0
260 11540.2 11509.5 11478.9 11448.4 11418.1 11387.8 11357.7 11327.7 11297.7 11267.9
270 11238.3 11208.7 11179.2 11149.9 11120.6 11091.5 11062.4 11033.5 11004.6 10975.9
280 10947.3 10918.8 10890.3 10862.0 10833.8 10805.7 10777.7 10749.7 10721.9 10694.2
290 10666.5 10639.0 10611.5 10584.2 10556.9 10529.8 10502.7 10475.7 10448.8 10422.0
300 10395.3 10368.7 10342.1 10315.7 10289.3 10263.0 10236.9 10210.7 10184.7 10158.8
310 10132.9 10107.2 10081.5 10055.9 10030.4 10004.9 9979.6 9954.3 9929.1 9904.0
320 9878.9 9854.0 9829.1 9804.3 9779.5 9754.9 9730.3 9705.8 9681.4 9657.0
330 9632.7 9608.5 9584.4 9560.3 9536.3 9512.4 9488.6 9464.8 9441.1 9417.5
340 9393.9 9370.4 9347.0 9323.6 9300.3 9277.1 9253.9 9230.8 9207.8 9184.9
350 9162.0 9139.1 9116.4 9093.7 9071.0 9048.5 9026.0 9003.5 8981.1 8958.8
360 8936.6 8914.4 8892.2 8870.2 8848.2 8826.2 8804.3 8782.5 8760.7 8739.0
370 8717.4 8695.8 8674.2 8652.8 8631.3 8610.0 8588.7 8567.4 8546.2 8525.1
380 8504.0 8483.0 8462.0 8441.1 8420.2 8399.4 8378.7 8358.0 8337.3 8316.7
390 8296.2 8275.7 8255.2 8234.9 8214.5 8194.2 8174.0 8153.8 8133.7 8113.6
400 8093.6 8073.6 8053.7 8033.8 8014.0 7994.2 7974.5 7954.8 7935.2 7915.6
410 7896.0 7876.6 7857.1 7837.7 7818.4 7799.1 7779.8 7760.6 7741.4 7722.3
420 7703.2 7684.2 7665.2 7646.3 7627.4 7608.6 7589.8 7571.0 7552.3 7533.6
430 7515.0 7496.4 7477.9 7459.4 7440.9 7422.5 7404.1 7385.8 7367.5 7349.3
440 7331.0 7312.9 7294.8 7276.7 7258.6 7240.6 7222.7 7204.8 7186.9 7169.0
450 7151.2 7133.5 7115.8 7098.1 7080.4 7062.8 7045.3 7027.8 7010.3 6992.8
460 6975.4 6958.0 6940.7 6923.4 6906.1 6888.9 6871.7 6854.6 6837.5 6820.4
470 6803.3 6786.3 6769.4 6752.4 6735.5 6718.7 6701.8 6685.1 6668.3 6651.6
480 6634.9 6618.2 6601.6 6585.0 6568.5 6552.0 6535.5 6519.1 6502.6 6486.3
490 6469.9 6453.6 6437.3 6421.1 6404.9 6388.7 6372.5 6356.4 6340.4 6324.3
500 6308.3 6292.3 6276.3 6260.4 6244.5 6228.7 6212.8 6197.0 6181.3 6165.5
510 6149.8 6134.2 6118.5 6102.9 6087.3 6071.8 6056.3 6040.8 6025.3 6009.9
520 5994.5 5979.1 5963.8 5948.5 5933.2 5917.9 5902.7 5887.5 5872.3 5857.2
530 5842.1 5827.0 5812.0 5796.9 5781.9 5767.0 5752.0 5737.1 5722.2 5707.4
540 5692.5 5677.7 5663.0 5648.2 5633.5 5618.8 5604.1 5589.5 5574.9 5560.3
VTI.1973
 TABLE 3.12 - 2
(
p
mb 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (
550 5545.7 5531.2 5516.7 5502.2 5487.7 5473.3 5458.9 5444.5 5430.2 5415.9
560 5401.6 - 5387.3 5373.0 5358.8 5344.6 5330.4 5316.3 5302.2 5288.1 5274.0
570 5260.0 5245.9 5231.9 5218.0 5204.0 5190.1 5176.2 5162.3 5148.4 5134.6
580 5120.8 5107.0 5093.3 5079.5 5065.8 5052.1 5038.5 5024.8 5011.2 4997.6 ,
590 4984.0 4970.5 4957.0 4943.5 4930.0 4916.5 4903.1 4889.7 4876.3 4862.9 (
600 4849.6 4836.2 4822.9 4809.7 4796.4 4783.2 4770.0 4756.8 4743.6 4730.4
610 4717.3 4704.2 4691.1 4678.1 4665.0 4652.0 4639.0 4626.0 4613.1 4600.1
620 4587.2 4574.3 4561.5 4586.6 4535.8 4523.0 4510.2 4497.4 4484.6 4471.9
630 4459.2 4446.5 4433.8 4421.2 4408.6 4396.0 4383.4 4370.8 4358.2 4345.7 (
640 4333.2 4320.7 4308.2 4295.8 4283.4 4270.9 4258.5 4246.2 4233.8 4221.5
650 4209.2 4196.9 4184.6 4172.3 4160.1 4147.9 4135.6 4123.5 4111.3 4099.1
660 4087.0 4074.9 4062.8 4050.7 4038.7 4026.6 4014.6 4002.6 3990.6 3978.6
670 3966.7 3954.8 3942.8 3930.9 3919.1 3907.2 3895.4 3883.5 3871.7 3859.9 (
680 3848.2 3836.4 3824.7 3812.9 3801.2 3789.5 3777.9 3766.2 3754.6 3743.0
690 3731.4 3719.8 3708.2 3696.6 3685.1 3673.6 3662.1 3650.6 3639.1 3627.7
700 3616.2 3604.8 3593.4 3582.0 3570.6 3559.3 3548.0 3536.6 3525.3 3514.0
710 3502.8 3491.5 3480.2 3469.0 3457.8 3446.6 3435.4 3424.3 3413.1 3402.0 (
720 3390.8 3379.7 3368.7 3357.6 3346.5 3335.5 3324.5 3313.4 3302.4 3291.5
730 3280.5 3269.5 3258.6 3247.7 3236.8 3225.9 3215.0 3204.1 3193.3 3182.5
740 3171.6 3160.8 3150.0 3139.3 3128.5 3117.8 3107.0 3096.3 3085.6 3074.9
750
760
3064.2
2958.3
3053.6
2947.7
3042.9
2937.2
3032.3
2926.7
3021.7
2916.3
3011.1
2905.8
3000.5
2895.4
2989.9
2884.9
2979.4
2874.5
2968.8
2864.1
(
770 2853.7 2843.3 2832.9 2822.6 2812.2 2801.9 2791.6 2781.3 2771.0 2760.7
780 2750.4 2740.2 2730.0 2719.7 2709.5 2699.3 2689.1 2679.0 2668.8 2658.7
790 2648.5 2638.4 2628.3 2618.2 2608.1 2598.0 2588.0 2577.9 2567.9 2557.9
800 2547.9 2537.9 2527.9 2517.9 2508.0 2498.0 2488.1 2478.2 2468.3 2458.4
(
810 2448.5 2438.6 2428.8 2418.9 2409.1 2399.3 2389.4 2379.6 2369.9 2360.1
820 2350.3 2340.6 2330.8 2321.1 2311.4 2301.7 2292.0 2282.3 2272.6 2263.0
830 2253.3 2243.7 2234.1 2224.5 2214.9 2205.3 2195.7 2186.1 2176.6 2167.1
840 2157.5 2148.0 2138.5 2129.0 2119.5 2110.0 2100.6 2091.1 2081.7 2072.3 (
850 2062.8 2053.4 2044.0 2034.6 2025.3 2015.9 2006.6 1997.2 1987.9 1978.6
860 1969.3 1960.0 1950.7 1941.4 1932.1 1922.9 1913.6 1904.4 1895.2 1886.0
870 1876.8 1867.6 1858.4 1849.2 1840.1 1830.9 1821.8 1812.6 1803.5 1794.4
880 1785.3 1776.2 1767.2 1758.1 1749.0 1740.0 1731.0 1721.9 1712.9 1703.9
890 1694.9 1685.9 1677.0 1668.0 1659.0 - 1650.1 1641.2 1632.2 1623.3 1614.4 (
900 1605.5 1596.6 1587.8 1578.9 1570.0 1561.2 1552.4 1543.5 1534.7 1525.9
910 1517.1 1508.3 1499.6 1490.8 1482.0 1473.3 1464.5 1455.8 1447.1 1438.4
920 1429.7 1421.0 1412.3 1403.6 1395.0 1386.3 1377.7 1369.0 1360.4 1351.8
930 1343.2 1334.6 1326.0 1317.4 1308.8 1300.3 1291.7 1283.2 1274.7 1266.1 (
940 1257.6 1249.1 1240.6 1232.1 1223.6 1215.2 1206.7 1198.2 1189.8 1181.4
950 1172.9 1164.5 1156.1 1147.7 1139.3 1130.9 1122.6 1114.2 1105.9 1097.5
960 1089.2 1080.8 1072.5 1064.2 1055.9 1047.6 1039.3 1031.0 1022.8 1014.5
970 1006.3 998.0 989.8 981.5 973.3 965.1 956.9 948.7 940.5 932.4 (
980 924.2 916.0 907.9 899.7 891.6 883.5 875.4 867.2 859.1 851.1
990 843.0 834.9 826.8 818.8 810.7 802.7 794.6 786.6 778.6 770.6
1000 762.6 754.6 746.6 738.6 730.6 722.7 714.7 706.7 698.8 690.9
1010 682.9
604.1
675.0
596.3
667.1
588.4
659.2
580.6
651.3
572.8
643.4 635.6 627.7 619.8 612.0 (
1020 565.0 557.2 549.4 541.6 533.8
1030 526.1 518.3 510.5 502.8 495.1 487.3 479.6 471.9 464.2 456.5
1040 448.8 441.1 433.4 425.7 418.0 410.4 402.7 395.1 387.5 379.8
1050 372.2
296.4
364.6
288.8
357.0
281.3
349.4
273.7
341.8
266.2
334.2 326.6 319.0 311.5 303.9 (
1060 258.7 251.2 243.7 236.2 228.7
1070 221.2 213.8 206.3 198.8 191.4 183.9 176.5 169.1 161.6 154.2

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.12 - 3

Table 3.12.2 Reduction of geopotential differences to ooe temperature

(LllP o)
Reduction des differences de geopotentiel it la temperature
de ooe (LllP o)
t mv : mean virtual temperature of the layer - temperature virtuelle moyenne de la couche

!mv t;.rfJ : Geopotential difference - ditJerence de geopotentiel, gpm

·0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000
-100 157.8 315.5 473.2 631.0 788.8 946.5 1104.2 1262.0 1419.8 1577.5 3155.0 4732.5
-99 156.8 313.7 470.5 627.4 784.2 941.1 1097.9 1254.8 1411.6 1568.4 3136.9 4705.3
- 98 155.9 311.9 467.8 623.8 779.7 935.7 1091.6 1247.6 1403.5 1559.5 3119.0 4678.5
- 97 155.1 310.1 465.2 620.3 775.3 930.4 1085.4 1240.5 1395.6 1550.6 3101.3 4651.9
- 96 154.2 308.4 462.6 616.8 770.9 925.1 1079.3 1233.5 1387.7 1541.9 3083.8 4625.6
- 95 153.3 306.6 460.0 613.3 766.6 919.9 1073.3 1226.6 1379.9 1533.2 3066.5 4599.7
- 94 152.5 304.9 457.4 609.9 762.3 914.8 1067.3 1219.7 1372.2 1524.7 3049.3 4574.0
- 93 151.6 303.2 454.9 606.5 758.1 909.7 1061.3 1213.0 1364.6 1516.2 3032.4 4548.6
- 92 150.8 301.6 452.4 603.1 753.9 904.7 1055.5 1206.3 1357.1 1507.8 3015.7 4523.5
- 91 150.0 299.9 449.9 599.8 749.8 899.7 1049.7 1199.6 1349.6 1499.6 2999.1 4498.7
- 90 149.1 298.3 447.4 596.5 745.7 894.8 1044.0 1193.1 1342.2 1491.4 2982.7 4474.1
- 89 148.3 296.7 445.0 593.3 741.6 890.0 1038.3 1186.6 1335.0 1483.3 2966.6 4449.8
- 88 147.5 295.1 442.6 590.1 737.6 885.2 1032.7 1180.2 1327.7 1475.3 2950.5 4425.8
- 87 146.7 293.5 440.2 586.9 733.7 880.4 1027.1 1173.9 1320.6 1467.3 2934.7 4402.0
- 86 146.0 291.9 437.8 583.8 729.8 875.7 1021.6 1167.6 1313.6 1459.5 2919.0 4378.5
- 85 145.2 290.3 435.5 580.7 725.9 871.0 1016.2 1161.4 1306.6 1451.7 2903.5 4355.2
- 84 144.4 288.8 433.2 577.6 722.0 866.4 1010.8 1155.3 1299.7 1444.1 2888.1 4332.2
- 83 143.6 287.3 430.9 574.6 718.2 861.9 1005.5 1149.2 1292.8 1436.5 2872.9 4309.4
- 82 142.9 285.8 428.7 571.6 714.5 857.4 1000.3 1143.2 1286.1 1429.0 2857.9 4286.9
- 81 142.2 284.3 426.5 568.6 710.8 852.9 995.1 1137.2 1279.4 1421.5 2843.0 4264.6
- 80 141.4 282.8 424.2 565.7 707.1 848.5 989.9 1131.3 1272.7 1414.2 2828.3 4242.5
- 79 140.7 281.4 422.1 562.8 703.4 844.1 984.8 1125.5 1266.2 1406.9 2813.8 4220.6
- 78 140.0 279.9 419.9 559.9 699.8 839.8 979.8 1119.7 1259.7 1399.7 2799.3 4199.0
- 77 139.3 278.5 417.8 557.0 696.3 835.5 974.8 1114.0 1253.3 1392.5 2785.1 4177.6
- 76 138.5 277.1 415.6 554.2 692.7 831.3 969.8 1108.4 1246.9 1385.5 2770.9 4156.4
- 75 137.8 275.7 413.5 551.4 689.2 827.1 964.9 1102.8 1240.6 1378.5 2757.0 4135.4
- 74 137.2 274.3 411.5 548.6 685.8 822.9 960.1 109.7.2 1234.4 1371.6 2743.1 4114.7
- 73 136.5 272.9 409.4 545.9 682.4 818.8 955.3 1091.8 1228.2 1364.7 2729.4 4094.1
-72 135.8 271.6 407.4 543.2 679.0 814.8 950.5 1086.3 1222.1 1357.9 2715.8 4073.8
-71 135.1 270.2 405.4 540.5 675.6 810.7 945.8 1081.0 1216.1 1351.2 2702.4 4053.6
- 70 134.5 268.9 403.4 537.8 672.3 806.7 941.2 1075.6 1210.1 1344.6 2689.1 4033.7
- 69 133.8 267.6 401.4 535.2 669.0 802.8 936.6 1070.4 1204.2 1338.0 2675.9 4013.9
- 68 133.1 266.3 399.4 532.6 665.7 798.9 932.0 1065.2 1198.3 1331.4 2662.9 3994.4
- 67 132.5 265.0 397.5 530.0 662.5 795.0 927.5 1060.0 1192.5 1325.0 2650.0 3975.0
- 66 131.9 263.7 395.6 527.4 659.3 791.2 923.0 1054.9 1186.7 1318.6 2637.2 3955.8
- 65 131.2 262.5 393.7 524.9 656.1 787.4 918.6 1049.8 1181.0 1312.3 2624.5 3936.8
- 64 130.6 261.2 391.8 522.4 653.0 783.6 914:2 1044.8 1175.4 1306.0 2612.0 3918.0
-63 130.0 260.0 389.9 519.9 649.9 779.9 909.8 1039.8 1169.8 1299.8 2599.5 3899.3
- 62 129.4 258.7 388.1 517.4 646.8 776.2 905.5 1034.9 1164.3 1293.6 2587.2 3880.9
- 61 128.8 257.5 386.3 515.0 643.8 772.5 901.3 1030.0 11511.8 1287.5 2575.0 3862.6
- 60 128.1 256.3 384.4 512.6 640.7 768.9 897.0 1025.2 1153.3 1281.5 2563.0 3844.4
- 59 127.5 255.1 382.6 510.2 637.7 765.3 892.8 1020.4 1147.9 1275.5 2551.0 3826.5
- 58 127.0 253.9 380.9 507.8 634.8 761.7 888.7 1015.7 1142.6 1269.6 2539.1 3808.7
- 57 126.4 252.7 379.1 505.5 631.8 758.2 884.6 1011.0 1137.3 1263.7 2527.4 3791.1
- 56 125.8 251.6 377.4 503.1 628.9 754.7 880.5 1006.3 1132.1 1257.9 2515.7 3773.6
- 55 125.2 250.4 375.6 500.8 626.1 751.3 876.5 1001.7 1126.9 1252.1 2504.2 3756.3
- 54 124.6 249.3 373.9 498.6 623.2 747.8 872.5 997.1 1121.8 1246.4 2492.8 3739.2
- 53 124.1 248.1 372.2 496.3 620.4 744.4 868.5 992.6 1116.7 1240.7 2481.5 3722.2
- 52 123.5 247.0 370.5 494.0 617.6 741.1 864.6 988.1 1111.6 1235.1 2470.2 3705.4
- 51 123.0 245.9 368.9 491.8 614.8 737.7 860.7 983.6 1106.6 1229.6 2459.1 3688.7
- 50 122.4 244.8 367.2 489.6 612.0 734.4 856.8 979.2 1101.6 1224.0 2448.1 3672.2
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.12 - 5

tmv AtP : Geopotential difference - difference de geopotentiel, gpm

°C
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000
0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0
1 99.6 199.3 298.9 398.5 498.2 597.8 697.4 797.1 896.7 996.4 1992.7 2989.0
2 99.3 198.5 297.8 397.1 496.4 595.6 694.9 794.2 893.5 992.7 1985.5 2978.2
3 98.9 197.8 296.7 395.7 494.6 593.5 692.4 791.3 890.2 989.1 1978.3 2967.4
4 98.6 197.1 295.7 394.2 492.8 591.3 689.9 788.5 887.0 985.6 1971.1 2956.7

5 98.2 196.4 294.6 392.8 491.0 589.2 687.4 785.6 883.8 982.0 1964.0 2946.1
6 97.9 195.7 293.6 391.4 489.3 587.1 685.0 782.8 880.7 978.5 1957.0 2935.5
7 97.5 195.0 292.5 390.0 487.5 585.0 682.5 780.0 877.5 975.0 1950.0 2925.0
8 97.2 194.3 291.5 388.6 485.8 582.9 680.1 777.2 874.4 971.6 1943.1 2914.6
9 96.8 193.6 290.4 387.2 484.0 580.9 677.7 774.5 871.3 968.1 1936.2 2904.3

10 96.5 192.9 289.4 385.9 482.3 578.8 675.3 771.7 868.2 964.7 1929.4 2894.0
11 96.1 192.3 288.4 384.5 480.6 576.8 672.9 769.0 865.2 961.3 1922.6 2883.9
12 95.8 191.6 287.4 383.2 479.0 574.8 670.5 766.3 862.1 957.9 1915.8 2873.8
13 95.5 190.9 286.4 381.8 477.3 572.7 668.2 763.7 859.1 954.6 1909.1 2863.7
14 95.1 190.2 285.4 380.5 475.6 570.8 665.9 761.0 856.1 951.2 1902.5 2853.8

15 94.8 189.6 284.4 379.2 474.0 568.8 663.6 758.4 853.2 948.0 1895.9 2843.8
16 94.5 188.9 283.4 377.9 472.3 566.8 661.3 755.7 850.2 944.7 1889.3 2834.0
17 94.1 188.3 282.4 376.6 470.7 564.8 659.0 753.1 847.3 941.4 1882.8 2824.2
18 93.8 187.6 281.5 375.3 469.1 562.9 656.7 750.5 844.4 938.2 1876.4 2814.5
19 93.5 187.0 280.5 374.0 467.5 561.0 654.5 748.0 841.5 935.0 1869.9 2804.9

20 93.2 186.4 279.5 372.7 465.9 559.1 652.2 745.4 838.6 931.8 1863.6 2795.3
21 92.9 185.7 278.6 371.4 464.3 557.2 650.0 742.9 835.7 928.6 1857.2 2785.8
22 92.5 185.1 277.6 370.2 462.7 555.3 647.8 740.4 832.9 925.5 1850.9 2776.4
23 92.2 184.5 276.7 368.9 461.2 553.4 645.6 737.9 830.1 922.3 1844.7 2767.0
24 91.9 183.8 275.8 367.7 459.6 551.5 643.5 735.4 827.3 919.2 1838.5 2757.7

25 91:6 183.2 274.8 366.5 458.1 549.7 641.3 732.9 824.5 916.2 1832.3 2748.4
26 91.3 182.6 273.9 365.2 456.5 547.9 639.2 730.5 821:8 913.1 1826.2 2739.3
27 91:0 182.0 273.0 364.0 455.0 546.0 637.0 728.0 819.0 910.0 1820.1 2730.2
28 90.7 181:4 272.1 362.8 453.5 544.2 634.9 725.6 . 816.3 907.0 1814.1 2721.1
29 90.4 180.8 271:2 361:6 452.0 542.4 632.8 723.2 -813.6 904.0 1808.0 2712.1

30 90.1 180.2 270.3 360.4 450.5 540.6 630.7 720.8 810.9 901:0 1802.1 2703.1
31 89.8 179.6 269.4 359.2 449.0 538.8 628.7 718.5 808.3 898.1 1796.2 2694.2
32 89.5 179.0 268.5 358.1 447.6 537.1 626.6 716.1 805.6 895.1 1790.3 2685.4
33 89.2 178.4 267.7 356.9 446.1 535.3 624.5 713.8 803.0 892.2 1784.4 2676.6
34 88.9 177.9 266.8 355.7 444.7 533.6 622.5 711:4 800.4 889.3 1778.6 2667.9
35 88.6 177.3 265.9 354.6 443.2 531:9 620.5 709.1 797.8 886.4 1772.8 2659.3
36 88.4 176.7 265.1 353.4 441:8 530.1 618.5 706.8 795.2 883.6 1767.1 2650.7
37 88.1 176.1 264.2 352.3 440.4 528.4 616.5 704.6 792.6 880.7 1761:4 2642.1
38 87.8 175.6 263.4 351.2 438.9 526.7 614.5 702.3 790.1 877.9 1755.8 2633.6
39 87.5 175.0 262.5 350.0 437.5 525.0 612.5 700.0 787.6 875.1 1750.1 2625.2

40 87.2 174.5 261:7 348.9 436.1 523.4 610.6 697.8 785.0 872.3 1744.5 2616.8
41 86.9 173.9 260.8 347.8 434.7 521.7 608.6 695.6 782.5 869.5 1739.0 2608.5
42 86.7 173.3 260.0 346.7 433.4 520.0 606.7 693.4 780.1 866.7 1733.5 2600.2
43 86.4 172.8 259.2 345.6 432.0 518.4 604.8 691.2 777.6 864.0 1728.0 2592.0
44 8'"6.1 172.3 258.4 344.5 430.6 516.8 602.9 689.0 775.1 861.3 1722.5 2583.8
45 85,9 171.7 257.6 343.4 429.3 515.1 601.0 686.8 772.7 858.6 1717.1 2575.7
46 85.6 171.2 256.8 342.3 427.9 513.5 599.1 684.7 770.3 855.9 1711.7 2567.6
47 85.3 170.6 256.0 341.3 426.6 511.9 597.2 682.6 767.9 "853.2 1706.4 2559.6
48 85.1 170.1 255.2 340.2 425.3 510.3 595.4 680.4 765.5 850.5 1701.1 2551.6
49 84.8 169.6 254.4 339.2 424.0 508.7 593.5 678.3 763.1 847.9 1695.8 2543.7
50 84.5 169.1 253.6 338.1 422.6 507.2 591:7 676.2 760.8 845.3 1690.6 2535.8

VII.1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 1

Table 3. 13.1 Correction of mercury barometer for temperature

Correction de temperature du barometre mercure a
For temperatures { below
above} 0° C, the correctIOn
. IS
. to b e {subtracted}
added

Pour les temperatures {au-dessus

au-d
} d O°C I . d" {soustraite
. t-ee }
essouse , a correctwn ort etre aJou
A.ttached
thermometer
therTTWm£tre { barometer reading + Q term for fixed cistern barometers
attache p* +Q lecture du barometre + terme Q pOUT les barometres cl cuvette fixe-

°0 400 500 600 700 720 740 760 780

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.5 .03 .04 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06
1.0 .07 .08 .10 .11 .12 .12 .12 .13
1.5 .10 .12 .15 .17 .18 .18 .19 .19
2.0 .13 .16 .20 .23 .24 .24 .25 .25
2.5 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32
3.0 .20 .24 .29 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38
3.5 .23 .29 .34 .40 ,41 .42 .43 .45
4.0 .26 .33 .39 .46 .47 .48 .50 .51
4.5 .29 .37 .44 .51 .53 .54 .56 .57
5.0 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.64
5.5 .36 .45 .54 .63 .65 .66 .68 .70
6.0 .39 .49 .59 .69 .71 .72 .74 .76
6.5 .42 .53 .64 .74 .76 .79 .81 .83
7.0 .46 .57 .69 .80 .82 .85 .87 .89
7.5 0.49 0.61 0.73 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
8.0 .52 .65 .78 .91 .94 .97 .99 1.02
8.5 .55 .69 .83 .97 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08
9.0 .59 .73 .88 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.12 1.15
9.5 .62 .77 .93 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21
10.0 0.65 0.82 0.98 1.14 1.17 1.21 1.24 1.27
10.5 .68 .86 1.03 1.20 1.23 1.27 1.30 1.34
11.0 .72 .90 1.08 1.26 1.29 1.33 1.36 1.40
11.5 .75 .94 1.13 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.43 1,46
12.0 .78 .98 1.17 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.53
12.5 0.82 1.02 1.22 1.43 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.59
13.0 .85 1.06 1.27 1.49 1.53 1.57 1.61 1.66
13.5 .88 1.10 1.32 1.54 1.58 1.63 1.67 1.72
14.0 .91 1.14 1.37 1.60 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.78
14.5 .95 1.18 1.42 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.84
15.0 0.98 1.22 1.47 1.71 1.76 1.81 1.86 1.91
15.5 1.01 1.26 1.52 1.77 1.82 1.87 1.92 1.97
HW 1.04 1.30 1.56 1.82 1.88 1.93 1.98 2.03
16.5 1.08 1.34 1.61 1.88 1.94 1.99 2.04 2.10
17.0 1.11 1.38 1.66 1.94 1.99 2.05 2.10 2.16
17.5 1.14 1.43 1.71 2.00 2.05 2.11 2.17 2.22
18.0 1.17 1.47 1.76 2.05 2.11 2.17 2.23 2.29
18.5 1.21 1.51 1.81 2.11 2.17 2.23 2.29 2.35
19.0 1.24 1.55 1.86 2.17 2.23 2.29 2.35 2,41
19.5 1.27 1.59 1.91 2.22 2.29 2.35 2.41 2.48
20.0 1.30 1.63 1.95 2.28 2.34 2.41 2.47 2.54
20.5 1.33 1.67 2;00 2.34 2.40 2,47 2.54 2.60
21.0 1.37 1.71 2.05 2.39 2,46 2.53 2.60 2.67
21.5 1.40 1.75 2.10 2.45 2.52 2.59 2.66 2.73
22.0 1.43 1.79 2.15 2.51 2.58 2.65 2.72 2.79

VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 2
(
Attached
thermometer
themwnUtre.
p
*
+Q
{ barometer reading + Q term for fixed cistern barometers
lecture du baronUtre + teNne Q pOlLr les barometres ii cuvett.e fixe
(
attache
°0 400 500 600 700 720 740 760 780

22.5 1.46 1.83 2.20 2.56 2.64 2.71 2.78 2.86 (

23.0 1.50 1.87 2.25 2.62 2.69 2.77 2.84 2.92
23.5 1.53 1.91 2.29 2.68 2.75 2.83 2.91 2.98
24.0 1.56 1.95 2.34 2.73 2.81 2.89 2.97 3.05
24.5 1.59 1.99 2.39 2.79 2.87 2.95 3.03 3.11
(
25.0 1.63 2.03 2.44 2.85 2.93 3.01 3.09 3.17
25.5 1.66 2.07 2.49 2.90 2.99 3,07 3.15 3.24
26.0 1.69 2.11 2.54 2.96 3.04 3.13 3.21 3.30
26.5 1.72 2.15 2.59 3.02 3.10 3.19 3.28 3.36
27.0 1.76 2.20 2.63 3.07 3.16 3.25 3.34 3.42 (
27.5 1.79 2.24 2.68 3.13 3.22 3.31 3.40 3.49
28.0 1.82 2.28 2.73 3.19 3.28 3.37 3.46 3.55
28.5 1.85 2.32 2.78 3.24 3.34 3.43 3.52 3.61
29.0 1.89 2.36 2.83 3.30 3.39 3.49 3.58 3.68 (
29.5 1.92 2.40 2.88 3.36 3.45 3.55 3.64 3.74

30.0 1.95 2.44 2.93 3.41 3.51 3.61 3.71 3.80

30.5 1.98 2.48 2.97 3.47 3.57 3.67 3.77 3.87
31.0 2.01 2.52 3.02 3.53 3.63 3.73 3.83 3.93 (
31.5 2.05 2.56 3,07 3.58 3.68 3.79 3.89 3.99
32.0 2.08 2.60 3.12 3.64 3.74 3.85 3.95 4.05

32.5 2.11 2.64 3.17 3.70 3.80 3.91 4.01 4.12

33.0 2;14 2.68 3.22 3.75 3.86 3.97 4.07 4.18 (
33.5 2.18 2.72 3.26 3.81 3.92 4.03 4.13 4.24
34.0 2.21 2.76 3.31 3.87 3.98 4.09 4.20 4.31
34.5 2.24 2.80 3.36 3.92 4.03 4.15 4.26 4.37
35.0 2.27 2.84 3.41 3.98 4.09 4.21 4.32 4.43 (
35.5 2.31 2.88 3.46 4.03 4.15 4.26 4.38 4.50
36.0 2.34 2.92 3.51 4.09 4.21 4.32 4.44 4.56
36.5 2.37 2.96 3.55 4.15 4.27 4.38 4.50 4.62
37.0 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.32 4.44 4.56 4.68
(
37.5 2.43 3.04 3.65 4.26 4.38 4.50 4.63 4.75
38.0 2.47 3.08 3.70 4.32 4.44 4.56 4.69 4.81
38.5 2.50 3.12 3.75 4.37 4.50 4.62 4.75 4.87
2.53 3.16 3.80 4.43 4.56 4.68 4.81 4.94
39.0
39.5 2.56 3.20 3.84 4.49 4.61 4.74 4.87 5.00 (
40.0 2.60 3.24 3.89 4.54 4.67 4.80 4.93 5.06
40.5 2.63 3.28 3.94 4.60 4.73 4.86 4.99 5.12
41.0 2.66 3.32 3.99 4.65 4.79 4.92 5.06 5.19
41.5 2.69 3.37 4.04 4.71 4.84 4.98 5.12 5.25 (
42.0 2.72 3.41 4.09 4.77 4.90 5.04 5.18 5.31
42.5 ·2.76 3.45 4.13 4.82 4.96 5.10 5.24 5.38
43.0 2.79 3.49 4.18 4.88 5.02 5.16 5.30 5.44
43.5
44.0
2.82
2.85
3.53
3.57
4.23
4.28
4.94
4.99
5.08
5.14
5.22
5.28
5.36
5.42 5'K O
5. 6
~
44.5 2.89 3.61 4.33 5.05 5.19 5.34 5.48 5.63
45.0 2.92 3.65 4.38 5.11 5.25 5.40 5.54 5.69
(

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 3
Attached
thermometer
therrrwmetre * { barometer reading + Q term for fixed cistern barometers
attacM P +Q lecture du, baTom~tre + terme Q pour les barometres a cuvette fixe
°0 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.5 .06 .07 .G7 .G7 .G7 .07 .07 .08
1.0 .13 .13 .13 .14 .14 .14 .15 .15
1.5 .19 .20 .20 .21 .21 .22 .22 .23
2.0 .25 .26 .27 .27 .28 .29 .29 .30
2.5 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38
3.0 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45
3.5 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .53
4.0 .51 .52 .54 .55 .56 .57 .59 .60
4.5 .57 .59 .60 .62 .63 .65 .66 .68
5.0 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.75
5.5 .70 .72 .74 .':'5 .77 .79 .81 .83
6.0 .76 .78 .80 .82 .84 .86 .88 .90
6.5 .83 .85 .87 .89 .91 .93 .95 .98
7.0 .89 .91 .94 .96 .98 LOt 1.03 1.05
7.5 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.13
8.0 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.20
8.5 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28
9.0 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.35
9.5 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.39 1.43
10.0 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.50
10.5 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.58
11.0 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.58 1.61 1.65
11.5 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.61 1.65 1.69 1.73
12.0 1.53 1.57 1.60 1.64 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.80
12.5 1.59 1.63 1.67 1.71 1.75 1.79 1.83 1.87
13.0 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.83 1.87 1.91 1.95
13.5 1.72 1.76 1.80 1.85 1.89 1.94 1.98 2.02
14.0 1.78 1.83 1.87 1;92 1.96 2.01 2.05 2.10
14.5 1.84 1.89 1.94 1.98 2.03 2.08 2.13 2.17
15.0 1.91 1.96 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25
15.5 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.12 2.17 2.22 2.27 2.32
16.0 2.03 2.09 2.14 2.19 2.24 2.29 2.35 2.40
16.5 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.26 2.31 2.37 2.42 2,47
17.0 2.16 2.22 2.27 2.33 2.38 2.44 2.49 2.55
17.5 2.22 2.28 2.34 2.39 2.45 2.51 2.57 2.62
18.0 2.29 2.35 2.40 2.46 2.52 2.58 2.64 2.70
18.5 2.35 2.41 2.47 2.53 2.59 2.65 2.71 2.77
19.0 2.41 2.48 2.54 2.60 2.66 2.72 2.78 2.85
19.5 2.48 2.54 2.60 2.67 2.73 2.79 2.86 2.92
20.0 2.54 2.60 2.67 2.74 2.80 2.87 2.93 3.00
20.5 2,60 2.67 2.74 2.80 2.87 2.94 3.00 3.07
21.0 2.67 2.73 2.80 2.87 2.94 3.01 3.08 3.14
21.5 2.73 2.80 2.87 2.94 3.01 3.08 3.15 3.22
22.0 2.79 2.86 2.94 3,01 3.08 3.15 3.22 3.29

VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 4
(
Attached
thermometer
thermlJ11wtre * { barometer reading + Q term for fixed cistern barometers (
auacht! p +Q lecture du barometre + terme Q pour les barometres d cuvette fixe
00 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920

22.6 2.86 2.93 3.00 3.08 3.16 3.22 3.30 3.37 (

23.0 2.92 2.99 3.07 3.14 3.22 3.29 3.37 3,44
23.6 2.98 3.06 3.14 3.21 3.29 3.36 3.44 3.62
24.0 3.06 3.12 3.20 3.28 3.36 3.44 3.61 3.69
24.6 3.11 3.19 3.27 3.36 3.43 3.61 3.69 3.67
(
26.0 3.17 3.26 3.33 3.42 3.60 3.68 3.66 3.74
26.6 3.24 3.32 3.40 3.48 3.67 3.66 3.73 3.82
26.0 3.30 3.38 3.47 3.66 3.64 3.72 3.81 3.89
26.6
27.0
3.36
3.42
3.46
3.61
3.63
3.60
3.62
3.69
3.71
3.78
3.79
3.86
3.88
3.96
3.96
4.04
(
27.6 3.49 3.68 3.67 3.76 3.86 3.93 4.02 4.11
28.0 3.66 3.64 3.73 3.82 3.91 4.01 4.10 4.19
28.6
29.0
3.61
3.68
3.71
3.77
3.80
3.87
3.89
3.96
3.98
4.06
4.08
4.16
4.17
4.24
4.26
4.34
(
29.6 3.74 3.84 3.93 4.03 4.12 4.22 4.32 4.41
30.0 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.19 4.29 4.39 4.49
30.6
31.0
3.87
3.93
3.96
4.03
4.06
4.13
4.16
4.23
4.26
4.33
4.36
4.43
4.46
4.63
4.66
4.63
(
31.6 3.99 4.09 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.60 4.61 4.71
32.0 4.06 4.16 4.26 4.36 4.47 4.67 4.68 4.78
32.6
33.0
4.12
4.18
4.22
4.29
4.33
4.40
4.43
4.60
4.64
4.61
4.66
4.72
4.76
4.82
4.86
4.93
(
33.6 4.24 4.36 4.46 4.67 4.68 4.79 4.90 6.01
34.0 4.31 4.42 4.63 4.64 4.76 4.86 4.97 6.08
34.6 4.37 4.48 4.69 4.71 4.82 4.93 6.04 6.16
36.0 4.43 4.66 4.66 4.77 4.89 6.00 6.11 6.23
(
36.6 4.60 4.61 4.73 4.82 4.96 6.07 6.19 6.30
36.0 4.66 4.68 4.79 4.91 6.03 6.14 6.26 6.38
36.6 4.62 4.74 4.86 4.98 6.10 6.21 6.33 6.46
37.0 4.68 4.80 4.92 6.04 6.16 6.28 6.40 6.62 (
37.6 4.76 4.87 4.99 6.11 6.23 6.36 6.48 6.60
38.0 4.81 4.93 6.06 6.18 6.30 6.43 6.66 6.67
38.6 4.87 6.00 6.12 6.26 6.37 6.60 6.62 6.76
39.0
39.6
4.94
6.00
6.06
5.13
6.19
6.26
6.32
6.38
6.44
6.61
6.67
6.64
6.69
6.77
6.82 (
6.90
40.0 6.06 6.19 6.32 6.46 6.68 6.71 6.84 6.97
40.6 6.12 6.26 6.39 6.62 6.66 6.78 6.91 6.04
41.0
41.6
6.19
6.26
6.32
5.38
6.46
6.62
6.69
6.66
6.72
6.78
6.86
6.92
6.98
6.06
6.12
6.19
t"
42.0 6.31 6.46 6.68 6.72 6.86 6.99 6.13 6.27
42.6 6.38 6.61 6.66 6.78 6.93 6.06 6.20 6.34
43.0
43.6.
6.44
6.60
6.68
6.64
6.72
6.78
6.86
6.92
6.00
6.06
6.14
6.21
6.27
6.36
6.41
6.49
(
44.0 6.66 6.71 6.86 6.99 6.13 6.28 6.42 6.66
44.6 6.63 6.77 6.91 6.06 6.20 6.36 6.49 6.66
45.0 6.69 6.83 6.98 6.13 6.27 6.42 6.66 6.71 (

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 5
Attached
thermometer
therTTWrn.etre * { barometer reading + Q term for fixed cistern barometers
attacM p +Q lecture du barometre + terme Q pour les barorn.etres a cuvette fixe
°0 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.5 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .09 .09
1.0 .15 .Hi .16 .16 .16 .17 .17 .17 .18
1.5 .23 .23 .24 .24 .25 .25 .25 .26 .26
2.0 .30 .31 .31 .32 .33 .33 .34 .35 .35
2.5 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44
3.0 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .52 .53
3.5 .53 .54 .55 .56 .57 .58 .59 .61 .62
4.0 .60 .61 .63 .64 .65 .67 .68 .69 .71
4.5 .68 .69 .71 .72 .73 . '.75 .76 .78 .79
5.0 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.88
5.5 .83 .84 .86 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95 .97
6.0 .90 .92 .94 .96 .98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06
6.5 .98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.15
7.0 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.23
7.5 1.13 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.30 1.32
8.0 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.41
8.5 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.36. 1.39 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.50
9.0 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.59
9.5 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67
10.0 1.50 1.53 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.70 1.73 1.76
10.5 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.68 1.71 1.75 1.78 1.82 1.85
11.0 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.76 1.79 1.83 1.87 1.90 1.94
11.5 1.73 1.76 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.91 1.95 1.99 2.03
12.0 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.92 . 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.07 2.11
12.5 1.87 1.92 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.08 2.12 2.16 2.20
13.0 1.95 2.00 2.04 2.08 2.12 2.17 2.21 2.25 2.29
13.5 2.02 2.07 2.11 2.16 2.20 2.24 2.29 2.33 2.38
14.0 2.10 2.14 2.19 2.24 2.28 2.33 2.37 2.42 2.46
14.5 2.17 2.22 2.27 2.32 2.36 2.41 2.46 2.50 2.55
15.0 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.44 2.49 2.54 2.59 2.64
15.5 2.32 2.37 2.42 2.48 2.53 2.58 2.63 2.68 2.73
16.0 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.61 2.66 2.71 2.76 2.82
16.5 2.47 2.53 2.58 2.63 2.69 2.74 2.80 2.85 2.90
17.0 2.55 2.60 2.66 2.71 2.77 2.82 2.88 2.94 2.99
17.5 2.62 2.68 2.74 2.79 2.85 2.91 2.96 3.02 3.08
18.0 2.70 2.76 2.81 2.87 2.93 2.99 3.05 3.11 3.17
18.5 2.77 2.83 2.89 2.95 3.01 3.07 3.13 3.19 3.25
19.0 2.85 2.91 2.97 3.03 3.09 3.16 3.22 $.28 3.34
19.5 2.92 2.98 3.05 3.11 3.18 3.24 3.30 3.37 3.43
20.0 3.00 3.06 3.13 3.19 3.26 3.32 3.39 3.45 3.52
20.5 3.07 3.14 3.20 3.27 3.34 3.40 3.47 3.54 3.60
21.0 3.14 3.21 3.28 3.35 3.42 3.49 3.56 3.62 3.69
21.5 3.22 3.29 3.36 3.43 3.50 3.57 3.64 3.71 3.78
22.0 3.29 3.37 3.44 3.51 3.58 3.65 3.72 3.80 3.87

VII. 1973
 TABLE 3.13 - 6
Attached
thermometer
thermametre { barometer reading + Q term for :fUed cistern barometers
atUreM p* +Q lecture du barometre+terme Q pour les barometres a cuvette fixe
·0 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

22.6 3.37 3.44 3.62 3.69 3.66 3.73 3.81 3.88 3.96
23.0 3.44 3.62 3.69 3.67 3.74 3.82 3.89 3.97 4.04
23.6 3.62 3.69 3.67 3.76 3.82 3.90 3.98 4.06 4.13
24.0 3.69 3.67 3.76 3.83 3.90 3.98 4.06 4.14 4.22
24.6 3.67 3.76 3.83 3.91 3.99 4.07 4.14 4.22 4.30
26.0 3.74 3.82 3.90 3.99 4.07 4.16 4.23 4.31 4.39
26.6 3.82 3.90 3.98 4.06 4.16 4.23 4.31 4.40 4.48
26.0 3.89 3.97 4.06 4.14 4.23 4.31 4.40 4.48 4.67
26.6 3.96 4.06 4.14 4.22 4.31 4.40 4.48 4.67 4.66
~7:0 4.04 4.13 4.21 4.30 4.39 4.48 4.67 4.66 4.74

1l~.6 4.11 4.20 4.29 4.38 4.47 4.66 4.66 4.74 4.83
2 .0 4.19 4.28 4.37 4.46 4.66 4.64 4.'13 4.83 4:92
28.6 4.26 4.36 4.46 4.64 4.63 4.73 4.82 4.91 6.00
29.0 4.34 4.43 4.53 4.62 4.71 4.81 4.90 6.00 6.09
29.6 4.41 4.61 4.60 4.70 4.79 4.89 4.99 6.08 6.18
30.0 4.49 4.68 4.68 4.78 4.88 4.97 '..6.07 5.17 5.27
30.5 4.66 4.66 4.76 4.86 4.96 5.06 5.16 5.26 6.36
31.0 4.63 4.73 4.84 4.94 6.04 6.14 6.24 5.34 5.44
31.5 4.71 4.81 4.91 6.02 5.12 6.22 6.32 5.42 5.63
32.0 4.78 4.89 4.99 6.09 5.20 6.30 5.41 5.61 5.61
32.6 4.86 4.96 5.07 6.17 6.28 6.38 6.49 5.60 5.70
33.0 4.93 5.04 6.15 5.26 5.36 6.47 5.57 5.68 5.79
33.6 5.01 5.11 6.22 6.33 5.44 5.65 5.66 5.77 5.88
34.0 5.08 5.19 5.30 5.41 6.62 6.63 5.74 5.86 5.96
34.6 5.16 6.27 5.38 5.49 6.60 6.71 6.83 5.94 6.06
35.0 5.23 6.34 5.46 5.67 5.68 5.80 5.91 6.02 6.14
36.6 5.30 5.42 5.63 6.66 5.76 5.88 5.99 6.11 6.22
36.0 5.38 6.49 5.61 6.73 5.84 5.96 6.08 6.19 6.31
36.5 5.45 6.67 5.69 6.81 5.92 6.04 6.16 6.28 6.40
37.0 5.62 6.65 6.77 5.89 6.01 6.13 6.26 6.37 6.49
37.6 5.60 6.72 6.84 5.96 6.09 6.21 6.33 6.45 6.57
38.0 5.67 6.80 5.92 6.04 6.17 6.29 6.41 6.54 6.66
38.6 5.75 5.87 6.00 6.12 6.26 6.37 6.60 6.62 6.76
39.0 5.82 6.95 6.07 6.20 6.33 6.46 6.68 6.71 6.83
39.6 5.90 6.02 6.16 6.28 6.41 6.64 6.66 6.79 6.92
40.0 5.97 6.10 6.23 6.36 6.49 6.62 6.75 6.88 7.01
40.6 6.04 6.18 6.31 6.44 6.57 6.70 6.83 6.96 7.09
41.0 6.12 6.26 6.38 6.62 6.65 6.78 6.92 7.05 7.18
41.5 6.19 6.33 6.46 6.60 6.73 6.86 7.00 7.13 7.27
42.0 6.27 6.40 6.64 6.67 6.81 6.95 7.08 7.22 7.36
42.6 6.34 6.48 6.62 6.76 6.89 7.03 7.17 7.30 7.44
43.0 6.41 6.66 6.69 6.83 6.97 7.11 7.25 7.39 7.83
43.6 6.49 6.63 6.77 6.91 7.06 7.19 7.33 7.48 7.62
.44.0 6.56 6.70 6.84 6.99 7.13 7.28 7.42 7.56 .7.70
44.5 6.66 6.78 6.92 7.07 7.21 7.36 7.60 7.65 7.79
45.0 6.71 6.86 7.00 7.16 7.29 7.44 7.59 7.73 7.88'
 TABLE 3.13 - 7

Table 3.13.2 Capillarity depression of a mercury column

Depression capillaire d'une colonne de mercure

Unit; 1 mm mercury at 20°C under normal gravity

Unite; 1 mm de mercure d 20°C sous gravite normale

Bore of
tube
lumibe Meniscus height - hauteur du menisque, mm
du tube
mm 0.1 0.2 .0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

(Surface tension - tension superficielle, 400 dyn cm-I)

8 0.054 0.108 O. 162 0.214 0.265 0.315 0.363 0.409 0.453 0.494 0.533
10 .029 .058 .087 .115 .143 .170 .196 .222 .247 .270 .292
16 .006 .011 .016 .022 .027 .032 .037 .042 .047 .052 .056
22 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .008 .009 .010 .010 .011

(Surface tension - tension Sltperficielte, 450 dyn cm"l)

1 5.2 9.3 12.6

2 1. 32 2.56 3.65 4.54
3 0.573 1.134 1.662 2.149 2.582 2.958 3.263 3.517
4 .314 0.623 ll.921 1. 205 1.471 1. 715 1.936 2.131 2.302 2.444 2.563

5 0.193 0.3'84 0.570 0.750 0.923 1.086 1.238 1. 378 1.505 1.619 1.720
6 .128 .254 •. 379 .500 .617 0.729 0.836 0.937 1.030 1.117 1. 196
7 .088 .176 .263 .348 .430 .510 .587 .661 0.730 0.794 0.855
8 .063 .126 .189 .250 .310 .368 .424 .478 .530 .579 .625
9 .046 .093 .138 .183 .228 .271 .313 .353 .392 .429 .464

10 0.035 0.069 0.103 0.137 0.170 0.202 0.234 0.264 0.294 0.322 0.349
11 .026 .052 .078 .104 .128 .153 .177 .200 .223 .245 .265
12 .020 .040 .059 .079 .098 .117 • 135- .153 .170 .187 .203
13 .015 .030 .045 .060 .075 .089 .104 .117 .131 .144 .156
14 .012 .023 .035 .046 .058 .069 .080 .090 • 101 .111 .120

15 0.009 0.018 0.027 0.036 0.045 0.053 0.062 0.070 0.078 0.086 0.093
16 .007 .014 .021 .028 .035 .041 .048 .054 .060 .067 .072
17 .006 .011 .016 .022 .027 .032 .037 .042 .047 .052 .056
18 .004 .008 • 013 .017 .021 .025 .029 .033 .036 .040 . .044
19 .003 .006 .010 .013 .016 .019 .022 .026 .028 .031 .034

20 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026
21 .002 .004 .006 .008 .010 .012 .014 .015 .017 .019 .020
22 .002 .003 .005 .006 .008 .009 .011 .012 .013 .015 .016

(Surface tension - tension superficielle, 500 dyn cm-i)

8 0.072 0.143 0.215 0.286 0.354 0.421 0.485 0.547 0.607 0.663 0.716
10 .040 .080 .120 .159 .197 .235 .272 .308 .342 .375 .407
16 .009 .017 .026 .034 .043 .051 .059 .067 .075 .082 .090
22 .002 .004 .006 .008 .010 .012 .014 .016 .018 .020 .021
 TABLE 3.13 - 8
(\
Bore of
tube
lumiere
Meniscus height - hauteur du menisque, mm ('
"d" tube
mm 1. 1 1.2 1,3 1.4 1.5 1,6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

(Surface tension - tension superficielle, 400 dyn cm-l )

C
8 0.533 0.569 0.603 0,633 0.660 0.684 0.705 0.723 0.737 0.749
,430
10
16
.292
.056
.314
.060
,333
.065
.352
,068
.369
.072
.384
.076
.398
.079
.410
.082
.421
.084 .086
1(\
22 .011 .012 .013 .014 .014 ,015 .016 ,016 .017 .018

-"
t ( \)
(Surface tension - tension sltperficielle, 450 dyn cm-1 )

1
2 I(
3
4 2.563

5
6
1. 720
1.196
1.807
1. 266
1.881
1.329
1.942
1.384 1.431 1.470 1.503
(
7 0.855 0.910 0.961 1.006 1.047 1.082 1. 112 1,137 1.157
8 .625 .• 668 .708 0.744 0.777 0.807 0.833 0.855 0.874 0.890
9 .464 .498 .529 .557 .584 .608 .630 .649 .665 .679 ("""
10 0.349 0.375 0.399 0.422 0.443 0.462 0.480 0.495 0.509 0.522
11 .265 .285 .304 .322 .338 .354 .368 .380 .392 .402
12
13
.203
.156
.218
.168
.233
.180
.247
.190
.260
.200
.272
.210
.283
.219
.293
.227
.303
.234
.311
.241
C'
14 .120 .130 .139 .147 .155 .163 .170 .176 .182 .187

15
16
0.093
.072
0.101
.078
O. 108
.083
0.114
.089
0.120
.093
0.126
.098
0.132
.102
0.137
.106
0.141
.110
O. 146
.113
C
17 .056 .061 .065 .069 .073 .076 .080 .083 .086 .088
18 .044 .047 .050 .054 .057 .059 .062 .064 .067 .069
19 .034 .037 .039 .042 .044 .046 .048 .050 .052 .054 (
20 0.026 0.029 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.037 0.039 0.040 0.042
21 .020 ~ 022 .024 .025 .027 .028 .029 .030 .031 .032
22 .016 .01'7 .018 .020 .021 .022 .023 .024 .024 .025
( . '-

(Surface tension - tension superficiel/e, 500 dyn cm-l)

(/
8 0.716 0.71)6 0.813 0.855 0.894 0.929 0.961 0.989 1.013 1.031
10 .407 .436 .464 .491 .517 .542 .563 .582 0.600 0.615 ,
16
22
.090
.021
.097
.023
.104
.025
.110
.026
.116
.028
.122
.029
.128
.031
.133
.032
.138
.033
.142
.034
(

( I

(>
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.1 - 1

Table 4.1

THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS AND FUNCTIONS 1

1. Basic constants
Apparent molecular weight of dry air 2 (M)
M = 28.9644
Absolute temperature of the normal ice point (To)
To = 273.15°K
Absolute temperature of the triple point (T 1 )
T 1 = 273.16°K
Gas constant for 1 mole of ideal gas (R*)
R* = 8.31432 J mol-1 0K-l = 8.31432 X 107 erg mol-1 °K-l
Gas constant for 1 kilogramme of dry air (R)
R = 287.05 J kg-1 0K-l = 2.870 5 X 10 6 erg g-l 0K-l
Molecular weight of water vapour (Mw)
Nl w = 18.0153
Gas constant for 1 kilogramme of water vapour 2 (R w )
R w = 461.51 J kg-1 °K-l = 4.615 1 X 10 6 erg g-l °K-l

2. Specific heats +'~

Recommended IJalues Range of actual IJalues
Dry air:
constant
pressure Cp 1 005 J kg-1 °K-l 1 003 -1 011 J kg-1 °K-l
constant
volume Cv 718 J kg-1 °K-l 718 - 720 J kg-1 °K-l
ratio
X = cp/cv 7/5 = 1.4 (exact) 1.40 -1.41
difference
R = Cp - Cv 287.05 J kg-1 °K-l
Water:
liquid Cw 4.19xl0 3 J kg-1 0K-l 4.18xl0 3 J kg-1 °K-l (400C)
4.22 X 10 3 J kg-1 °K-l (OOC)
4.77xl0 3 J kg-1 °K-l (-400C)
ICe Ci 2.09 X 103 J kg-1 0K-l 2.11 X 103 J kg-1 °K-l (O°C)
1.38 X 103 J kg-1 °K-l (-1000C)

1 Table 4.1 was drawn up by the Working Group on IMT established by Res. 9
(CAe-III).
2 See note to Introduction 1.1, section 6.3.

V.1966
 r
TABLE ·4.1 ~ 2
(
Recommended IJalues Range of actual IJalues
I
Water vapour: (
constant I
pressure c pv 1.85 X 103 J kg-I °K-I 1.84 X 103 -1.93 X 103 J kg-I °K-1 I
I
constant I
volume Cvv 1.39 X 10 3 J kg-I °K-I 1.38 X 10 3 -1.42 X 10 3 J kg-I °K-1
ratio
Xv = cpv/cvv 4/3 (exact) = 1.333 1.32 -1.33 (
difference
R w = cpv - Cvv 461.51 J kg-I 0K-I

3. Heats of transformation of phase of water

Recommended IJalues Range of actual IJalues

Heat of fusion Lf 0.334x 10 6 J kg-I (O°C) {

0.203 X 10 6 J kg-I (~500C)

Heat of sublima- 2.835 X 10 6 J kg-I 2.834 X 10 6 J kg-I (OOC)

tion L s 2.839 X 10 6 J kg-I (-30°C)
2.824 X 106 J kg-I (-100°e}
Heat of vaporiza- 2.406 X 106 J kg-I (40°C)
tion Lv 2.501 X 10 6 J kg-I (OOC)
2.635 X 10 6 J kg-I (-50°C)

4. Density
The density of air (p) in SI units is given by

= -p- kgm-3 (1), (

P RT'v
where p is the atmospheric pressure in N m-2 (pascal) ;
R the gas constant for dry air: 287.05 J kg-I oK-I, and.
T'v the adjusted virtual temperature of the air in OK.
For pressure p measured in millibars, the density p in kg m-3 (1 kg m-3 =
iQ-3 g cm-3 ) is

p = 0.348 371 ~
Tv
For p = 1013.25 mb and T'v = 273.15 oK (OOC) this gives
p = 1.292 3 kg m-3 = 1.292 3 10-3 g cm-3 •

V.I966
 TABLE 4.2 - 1

Table 4.2
COMPOSITION OF DRY AIR UP TO ABOUT 25 KM

(1) Composition of dry air up to about 25 km 1

Constituent gas 111ole fraction 2

(per cent)
Nitrogen 78.09
Oxygen. 20.95
Argon 0.93
Carbon dioxide 0.03 ,
Neon . . 1.8 X iQ-3
Helium . . 5.24x10-4
Krypton . 1.0 xiQ-4
Hydrogen. 5.0 X iQ-5
Xenon 8.0 x10- 6
Ozone 1.0 x10- 6
Radon 6.0 xiQ-18

(2) Molemlar weights of gases constituting dry air

Constituent gas NIolecular weight 3
(12C = 12.0000)
Nitrogen (N 2) 28.013
Oxygen (0 2), 31.999
Argon (A) . . 39.948
Carbon dioxide (C0 2) 44.010
Neon (Ne) 20.183
Helium (He) 4.003
Krypton (Kr) 83.80
Hydrogen (H 2) 2.016
Xenon (Xe) . 131.30
Ozone (0 3 ) • 47.998
Radon (Rn) 222

1 Reproduced from ''''MO TR, Appendix C.

2 The mole fraction . . of the Pi component of a mixture of gases is defined by
1C.L mi/Mi
". . . = =-o--'-'--~--c
L E(m;/Mi)
where II1i is the mass of the i th component in a given volume or mass of the mixture
and Mi is its molecular weight, the summation indicated being made over all components.
3 See Introduction 1.1, section 6.3.

V.1966
 TABLE 4.3 - 1

Table 4.3

DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF WATER VAPOUR

IN THE ATMOSPHERE *

(1) The m~x~ng ratio l' of moist air is the ratio of the mass mv of water
vapour to the mass me. of dry air with which the water vapour is associated:

n1v
1'=-
1na

(2) The specific humidity, mass concentration or moisture content q of

moist air is the ratio of the mass mv of water vapour to the mass mv me. of +
moist air in which the mass of water vapour mv is contained:

~
q=--'--
111v ma +
(3) Vapour concentration (density of water vapour in a mixtltre) or
absolute humidity: For a mixture of water vapour and dry air the vapour con-
centration pv is defined as the ratio of the mass of vapour mv to the volume V
occupied by the mixture:
mv
Pv=V

(4) Mole fraction of the water vapour of a sample of moist air:

The mole fraction Xv of the water vapour of a sample of moist air, composed of
a mass me. of dry air and a mass mv of water vapour is defined by the ratio of
the number of moles of water vapour (nv = mv/Mv ) to the total number of
moles of the sample nv +na, where ne. indicates the number of moles of dry air
(ne. = ma/Ma) of the sample concerned. This gives us :

or
l'
=
Xv
+
-::-:=-:----:::-:0---
0.62198 l'

where
l' is merely the mixing ratio (1' == mv/me.) of the water vapour of the sample
of moist air.
(5) The vapour pressure e' of water vapour in moist air at total pressure p
and with mixing ratio l' is defined by :
l'
e' = 0.621 98 + l' P= Xv P

* Except for sections 20 and 21 this table is a reproduction of Appendix D to the

WMO TR, Vol. I (ed. 1971).

.Amend. (VII.1973)
 (
TABLE 4.3 - 2

(6) Saturation: Moist air at a given temperature and pressure is said to be (

saturated if its mixing ratio is such that the moist air can co-exist in neutral
equilibrium with an associated condensed phase (liquid or solid) at the same
temperature and pressure, the surface of separation being plane.
(
(7) Saturation mixing ratio: The symbol denotes the saturation mixing
I'w
ratio of moist air with respect to a plane surface of the associated liquid phase.
The symbol I'i denotes the saturation mixing ratio of moist air with respect to a
plane surface of the associated solid phase. The associated liquid and solid phases (
referred to consist of almost pure water and almost pure ice respectively, there
being some dissolved air in each.
(8) Saturation vapour pressure in the pure phase: The saturation vapour
pressure ew of pure aqueous vapour with respect to water is the pressure of the
vapour when in a state of neutral equilibrium ",rith a plane surface of pure water
at the same temperature and pressure; similarly for ei in respect to ice. ew and ei
are temperature-dependent functions only, i.e. :
ew
ew (T) =
= e; (T)
e;
(
(9) Mole fraction of water vapour in moist air saturated with respect to
water: The mole fraction of water vapour in moist air saturated with respect
to water, at pressure p and temperature T, is the mole fraction X vw of the water (
vapour of a sample of moist air, at the same pressure p and the same temperature
T, that is in stable equilibrium in the presence of a plane surface of water contain-
ing the amount of dissolved air corresponding to equilibrium. Similarly, Xvi will (
be used to indicate the saturation mole fraction with respect to a plane surface
of ice containing the amount of dissolved air corresponding to equilibrium.
(10) Saturation vapour pressure ofmoist air: The saturation vapour pres- (
sure with respect to water e'w of moist air at pressure p and temperature T is
defined by:
I J'w
ew = 0.621 98 + I'w P = X vw P
Similarly, the saturation vapour pressure with respect to ice e'i of moist
aIr at pressure p and temperature T is defined by: (
I J'i
ei = 0.621 98 + 1'1 P = Xvi p

(ll) Relations between saturation vapour pressures of the pure phase

(
and of moist air: In the meteorological range of pressure and temperature the
following relations hold with an error of 0.5 per cent or less:
(
e'w = ew
,
e i = e;
(12) The thermodynamic dew-point temperature Td of moist air at pres-
sure p and with mixing ratio l' is the temperature at which moist air, saturated
with respect to water at the given pressure, has a saturation mixing ratio I'w
equal to the given mixing ratio 1'.

Amend. (VII.ID73)
 TABLE 4.3 - 3

(13) The thermodynamic frost-point temperature Tr of moist air at pres-

sure p and mixing ratio I' is the temperature at which moist air, saturated with
respect to ice at the given pressure, has a saturation mixing ratio I'i equal to the
given mixing ratio 1'.

(14) The dew- and frost-point temperatures so defined are related to the
mixing ratio I' and pressure p by the respective equations:
I'
e'w (Td) = 0.62198 + I' P = Xv P
I'
e\ (Tr ) = 0.621 98 + I' P= Xv p
(15) * The relative humidity Uw with respect to water ofmoist air at pres-
sure p and temperature T is the ratio in per cent of the vapour mole fraction
Xv to the vapour mole fraction Xvw
which the air would have if it were saturated
with respect to water at the same pressure p and temperature T. Accordingly:

Uw = 100 (xv) = 100 (px v) = 100 (~)

Xvw p,T PXvw p,T e'w p,T
where subscripts p, T indicate that each term is subject to identical conditions
of pressure and temperature. The last expression is formally similar to the clas.
sical definition based on the assumption of Dalton's law of partial pressures.
U w is also related to the mixing ratio I' by :

U = 100 ~ . 0.621 98 + I'w

w
I'w 0.621 98 + I'

where
is the saturation mixing ratio at the pressure and temperature of the
I'w
moist air.

(16) *
The relative humidity Ui with respect to ice of moist air at pressure
p and temperature T is the ratio in per cent of the vapour mole fraction to Xv
the vapour mole fraction Xvi which the air would have if it were saturated
with respect to ice at the same pressure p and temperature T.
Corresponding to the defining equation in (15) :

Ui = 100 (Xv) = 100 (p~) = 100 (e:)

Xvi p,T PXvi p,T ei p,7'

(17) Relative humidity at temperatures less than is to be evaluated ooe

with respect to water. The advantages of this procedure are as follows:
(a) Most hygrometers which are essentially responsive to the relative humidity
indicate relative humidity with respect to water at all temperatures.

* Definitions (15) and (16) do not apply to moist air when the pressure p is less
than the saturation vapour pressure of pure water and ice respectively at the temper-
ature T.

Amend. (VII.1973)
 (
TABLE 4.3 - 4

(b) The majority of clouds at temperatures below OOC consist of water, or mainly (
of water.
(G) Relative humidities greater than 100 per cent would in general not be
observed. This is of particular importance in synoptic weather messages,
since the atmosphere is often supersaturated with respect to ice at tem- (
peratures below OoC.
(d) The majority of existing records of relative humidity at temperatures below
OoC are expressed on a basis of saturation with respect to water. (
(18) The thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature of moist air at pressure p,
temperature T and mixing ratio r is the temperature T w attained by the moist
air when brought adiabatically to saturation at pressure p by the evaporation
(
into the moist air of liquid water at pressure p and temperature T wand containing
the amount of dissolved air corresponding to equilibrium with saturated air of
the same pressure and temperature. (
T w is defined by the equation:
h (p, T, r) + [rw (p, T w) - r] lln,v (p, T w) = h (p, T w, rw (p, T w))
(
where
rw (p, T w) is the mixing ratio of saturated moist air at pressure p
and temperature T w ; (
hw (p, T w) is the enthalpy * of 1 gramme of pure water at pres-
sure p and temperature T w ;
h (p, T, r) is the enthalpy of 1 +
r grammes of moist air, com- (
posed of 1 gramme of dry air and r grammes of water
vapour, at pressure p and temperature T;
h (p, T w, rw (p, T w)) is the enthalpy of 1 +
rw grammes of saturated air, (
composed of 1 gramme of dry air and rw grammes of
water vapour, at pressure p and temperature T w.
(This is a function of p and T w only, and may appro-
priately be denoted by hBW (p, T w ).) (
If air and water vapour are regarded as ideal gases with constant specific
heat capacities, the above equation becomes:
T _ T = [r,v (p, T w) - r] Lv (Tw)
w
Gp + rGpv
where (
Lv (T w) is the heat of vaporization of water at temperature T w ;
Gp is the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure;
Gpv is the specific heat capacity of water vapour at constant pressure. (
NOTE: Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature as here defined has for some time
been called "temperature of adiabatic saturation" by the air-conditioning engineers.
(
* The enthalpy of a system in equilibrium at pressure p and temperature T is
defined as E +
p 17, wherc E is the internal energy of the system and 17 is its volume.
The sum of the enthalpies of the phases of a closed system is conserved in adiabatic
isobaric processes. (
Amend. (VILI073)
 TABLE 4.3 - 5

(19) The thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature of moist air at pressure p,

temperature T and mixing ratio l' is the temperature Ti at which pure ice at
pressure p must be evaporated into the moist air in order to saturate it adiaba-
tically at pressure p and temperature Ti. The saturation is with respect to ice.
Ti is defined by the equation :

where
I"i (p, Ti) is the mixing ratio of saturated moist air at pressure p
and temperature Ti ;
hi (p, Ti) is the enthalpy of 1 gramme of pure ice at pressure p
and temperature T;;
h (p, T, 1') is the enthalpy of 1 +
r grammes of moist air, composed
of 1 gramme of dry air and r grammes of water vapour,
at pressure p and temperature T ;
h (p, Ti, I"i (p, Ti)) is the enthalpy of 1 + I"i grammes of saturated air, com-
posed of 1 gramme of dry air and I"i grammes of water
vapour, at pressure p and temperature Ti. (This is a
function of p and Ti only, and may appropriately be
denoted by hsi (p, Ti).)
If air and water vapour are regarded as ideal gases with constant specific
heat capacities this equation becomes:

T _ T. = h rp, Ti ) - r] L s (Ti )
1 Cp + rcpv
where
L s (Ti) is the heat of sublimation of ice at temperature Ti.
The relationship between T wand Ti as defined and the wet-bulb or ice-bulb
temperature as indicated by a particular psychrometer is a matter to be deter-
mined by carefully controlled experiment, taking into account the various para-
meters concerned, for example, ventilation, size of thermometer bulb and radia-
tion.

(20) The virtual temperature of moist air at pressure p, temperature T

and mixing ratio r, is the temperature Tv which dry air must have at the given
pressure p in order to have the same density as moist air when the densities of both
dry air and moist air are deduced from the equation of state for ideal gas.
The virtual temperature Tv is given by the expression:
r
1 + -c-::-=-c-co-=-
Tv = T 0.62198
1+1'

(21) The adjusted virtual temperature of moist air at pressure p, tem-

perature T and mixing ratio 1', is the temperature T'v which dry air must have at

Amend. (VII.1973)
 (
TABLE 4.3 - 6

the given pressure p in order to have the same density as moist air when the density
of dry air is deduced from the equation of state for ideal gas while moist air is
(
regarded as a real gas.
The adjusted virtual temperature T'v is linked to the virtual temperature Tv
by the equation: (
T'v = CTv
where C is the compressibility factor, a function of pressure, temperature and {
humidity. In the meteorological range of pressure and temperature the value
of C lies between 0.995 6 and 1.

(
Amend. (VII.1973)
 Table 4.4 Properties of water vapour - Propri€t€s de la vapeur d'eau

Cv (DimensionlesR
Ahv ' J kg-1 !J.Sv ' J kg- 1 °K-l Acpv , J kg-1 'K-l
rempe- sans dimensions)
ruture Pressure - pression Pressure - pression Pressure - pression Pressure - pression
'0 0 ei ew 0 ej ew 0 ei ew 0 ej ew

-100 1.0000 1.0000 -0.4 xl03 -0.4 x103 -1.7 -1.7 3.8 3.8
-90 1.0000 1.0000 -0.4 -0.4 -1. 7 -1.7 4.2 4.2
-80 1.0000 1.0000 0.0 -0.4 -1.3 -1.3 4.6 4.6
- 70 1.0000 1.0000 0.0 0.0 -1.3 -1.3 5.0 5.0
- 60 1.0000 1.0000 0.0 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 5.9 5.9
- 50 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0 0.0 0.0 x103 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 6.3 7.1 7.1
- 40 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 7·1 8.4 8.8
-30 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 8.4 10.5 11.3
- 20 1.0000 0·9999 0.9998 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 9.6 13.4 14.2
- 10 1.0000 0.9997 0.9997 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 11.3 17.6 18.0
0 1.0000 0.9995 0.9995 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 13.0 23.4 23.4
~
I;ij
+10 1.0000 0.9992 0.4 0.0 1.7 0.0 15.1 30.6 t"'
+20 1.0000 0.9988 0.8 -0.4 2.1 -0.4 17.2 39.4 t:':I
+30 1.0000 0.9982 0.8 -0.4 2.9 -1.3 19.7 50·7
....
....
..,.I
Tempe- Pressure A/Iv Asv Acpv
rature Pression Cv Cv: compressibility factor
J kg- 1 J kg-1 'K-l Jkg-1 'K-l
'0 mb facteur de compressibilit€
40 0 1.0000 1.3 xl03 3.8 22.6 !1hv : specific enthalpy residual
50 0.9982 -0.4 0.0 49.8 enthalpie sp€cifique r€siduelle
ew 0.9973 -0.8 -2.1 64.1 !1s v : specific entropy residual
entropie sp€cf!Ejue. ~iduelle
50 0 1.0000 1.3 4.6 25.5 !1cpv: specific heat a~o~stant pressure residual
50 0.9985 0.0 1.3 46.5 chaleur sp€cifique a pression constante r€siduelle
100 0.9969 -1.3 -1. 7 69.5 ei: saturation vapour pressure over ice
ew 0.9962 -1.7 -3.3 80.8 pression de vapeur saturante au-dessus de la glace
ew: saturation vapour pressure over water
60 0 1.0000 1.7 5.4 28.9 pression de vapeur saturante au-dessus de l'eau
50 0.9987 0.4 2.9 45.2
100 0.9974 -0.4 -0.4 62.8
150 0.9961 -1.7 -2.5 81.6
ew 0.9948 -2.5 -5.0 100.9
 TABLE 4.5-1

Table 4. 5 Properties of condensed water

Proprietes de l'eau a l'etat liquide et solide
A Latent and specific heats ±o:.t\;
Chaleur lntente et chaleur specifiqu~

Ci: specific heat

la glace
~~~ant
kc:::
pressure of ice - chaleur speeijique a pression constante de

Cw : specific heat ~~onstpnt pressure of water - a

chaleur specijique pression constante
de l'eau '
Lv: latent heat of vaporisation - chaleur latente de vaporisation
Lt: latent heat of fusion - chaleur latente de fusion
La: latent heat of sublimation - chaleur latente de sublimation

Temperature ci Cw

°c Jkg-10K-1 Jkg-1oK-1

xl06
-100 1382 2.8236
-90 1449 2.8278
-80 1520 2.8316
- 70 1591 2.8345
- 60 1662 2.8366
-50 1738 5.4 x103 2.6348 0.2035 2.8383
- 40 1813 4.77 2.6030 0.2357 2.8387
-30 1884 4.52 2.5749 0.2638 2.8387
- 20 1959 4.35 2.5494 0.2889 2.8383
-10 2031 4.27 2.5247 0.3119 2.8366

0 2106 4217.8 2.50084 0.3337 2.8345

5 4202.3 2.4891
10 4192.3 2.4774
15 4186.0 2.4656
20 4181.8 2.4535
25 4179.7 2.4418
30 4178.5 2.4300
35 4178.0 2.4183
40 4178.5 2.4062
45 4179.3 2.3945
50 4180.6 2.3823
55 4182.2 2.3702
 TABLE 4.5-2

B Density of water
Masse volumique de l'eau ~
t: Temperature
p: Density - Masse 1Jolumique
(

p p p p
-3 -3 gem-3
°0 gem °0 gem-3 °0 gem °0

-13
-12
-11
-10
0.99690
.99727
.99761
.99791
1
2
3
4
0.99990
.99994
.99997
.99997
15
16
17
18
0.99910
.99895
.99878
.99860
29
30
31
32
0.99595
.99565
.99535
.99503
,
-9 .99822 5 .99996 19 .99841 33 .99471

-8 0.99847 6 0.99994 20 0.99821 34 0.99438 {

-7 .99869 7 .99990 21 .99800 35 .99404
-6 .99892 8 .99985 22 .99777 36 .99369
-5 .99915 9 .99978 23 .99754 37 .99333
-4 .99935 10 .99970 24 .99730 38 .99297 ~
-3 0.99953 11 0.99961 25 0.99705 39 0.99260
-2 .99965 12 .99950 26 .99679 40 .99222
-1 .99975 13 .99938 27 .99652 41 .99183
0 .99984 14 .99925 28 .99624 42 .99144 <

(
Decrease of density dne to the presence of dissolved air
Diminution de la masse volumique due a la presence d' air en dissolution {

Temperature Difference
-3
°0 gem
(
o 0.0000025
5 0.0000033
10 0.0000032
15 0.0000022
20 0.0000004

{
V. 1966
 TABLE 4.6-1

Table 4.6 Saturation vapour pressure over a plane surface

of pure water
Pression de vapeur saturante au-dessus d'une surface plane
d'eau pure

Triple-point - Point triple: 273.16 • K; 6.1114 mb

Temperature .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7
·0 .8 .9

Unity - Unite 0.1 mb

- 50 0.6354
- 49 0.7122 0.7041 0.6962 0.6883 0.6805 0.6728 0.6652 0.6576 0.6501 0.6427
- 48 0.7973 0.7884 0.7796 0.7708 0.7622 0.7536 0.7452 0.7368 0.7285 0.7203
- 47 0.8916 0.8817 0.8719 0.8623 0.8527 0.8'132 0.8339 0.8246 0.8154 0.8063
- 46 0.9959 0.9850 0.9742 0.9635 0.9529 0.9424 0.9320 0.9218 0.9116 0.9015
Unity - Unite mb
- 45 0.1111 0.1099 0.1087 0.1075 0.1064 0.1052 0.1041 0.1029 (1.1018 0.1007
- 44 0.1238 0.1225 0.1212 0.1199 0.1186 0.1173 0.1161 0.1148 0.1136 0.1123
- 43 0.1379 0.1364 0.1,50 0.1335 0.1321 0.1307 0.1293 0.1279 0.1265 0.1252
- 42 0.1533 0.1517 0.1501 0.1485 0.1470 0.1454 0.1439 0.1424 0.1409 0.1394
- 41 0.1704 0.1686 0.1668 0.1651 0.1634 0.1617 0.1600 0.1583 0.1566 0.1550

- 40 0.1891 0.1871 0.1852 0.1833 0.1814 0.1795 0.1776 0.1758 0.1740 0.1722
- 39 0.2097 0.2075 0.2054 0.2033 0.2012 0.1991 0.1971 0.1951 0.1931 0.1911
- 38 0.2322 0.2299 0.2276 0.2252 0.2230 0.2207 0.2184 0.2162 0.2140 0.2118
- 37 0.2570 0.2544 0.2519 0.2493 0.2468 0.2443 0.2419 0.2394 0.2370 0.2346
- 36 0.2841 0.2813 0.2785 0.2757 0.2730 0.2702 0.2675 0.2649 0.2622 0.2596

- 35 0.3138 0.3107 0.3076 0.3046 0.3016 0.2986 0.2957 0.2927 0.2898 0.2870
- 34 0.3463 0.3429 0.3395 0.3362 0.3329 0.3297 0.3264 0.3232 0.3201 0.3169
- 33 0.3817 0.3780 0.3144 0.3708 0.3672 0.3636 0.3601 0.3566 0.3531 0.3497
- 32 0.4204 0.4164 0.4124 0.4085 0.4045 0.4007 0.3968 0.3930 0.3892 0.3854
- 31 0.4627 0.4563 0.4539 0.4496 0.4453 0.4411 0.4369 0.4327 0.4286 0.4245

- 30 0.5087 0.5039 0.4992 0.4945 0.4898 0.4652 0.4806 0.4761 0.4716 0.4671
- 29 0.5588 0.5536 0.5464 0.5433 0.5382 0.5332 0.5262 ve:JC-;J:;) 0.518 .. 0.5135
- 28 0.6133 0.6076 0.6020 0.5965 0.5909 0.5855 0.5800 0.5747 0.5693 0.5640
- 27 0.6726 0.6664 0.6603 0.6543 0.6483 0.6423 0.6364 0.6306 0.6248 0.6190
- 26 0.7369 0.7303 0.7236 0.7171 0.7105 0.7041 0.6977 0.6913 0.6650 0.6788

- 25 0.8068 0.7995 0.7924 0.7852 0.7782 0.7712 0.7642 0.7573 0.7505 0.7437
- 24 0.8826 0.8747 0.8669 0.8592 0.8515 0.8439 0.8364 0.8289 0.8215 0.8141
- 23 0.9647 0.9562 0.9477 0.9393 0.9310 0.9228 0.9146 0.9065 0.8985 0.8905
- 22 1.0536 1.0444 1.0,52 1.0261 1.0172 1.0082 0.9994 0.9906 0.9819 0.9732
- 21 1.1498 1.1,98 1.1299 1.1201 1.11 04 1.1007 1.0911 1.0816 1.0722 1.0628

- 20 1.2538 1.2430 1.2323 1.2217 1.2112 1.2007 1.1904 1.1801 1.1699 1.1598
- 19 1.3661 1.3545 1.3430 1.3315 1.3201 1.3089 1.2977 1.2866 1.2755 1.2646
- 18 1.4874 1.4749 1.4624 1.4501 1.4378 1.4256 1.4135 1.4016 1.3897 1.3778
- 17 1.6183 1.6048 1.5913 1.5780 1.5648 1.5516 1.5386 1.5257 1.5128 1.5001
- 16 1.7594 1.7448 1.B03 1.7160 1.7017 1.6875 1.6735 1.6595 1.6457 1.6320

- 15 1.9114 1.8957 1.8801 1.8646 1.8493 1.8340 1.8189 1.8038 1.7889 1.7741
- 14 2.0751 2.0582 2.0414 2.0247 2.0082 1.9917 1.9754 1.9593 1.9432 1.9273
- 13 2.2512 2.2330 2.2149 2.1970 2.1792 2.1615 2.1440 2.1266 2.1093 2.0921
- 12 2.4405 2.4209 2.4015 2.3822 2.3631 2.3441 2.3252 2.3065 2.2879 2.2695
- 11 2.6438 2.6228 2.6020 2.5813 2.5607 2.5403 2.5201 2.4999 2.4800 2.4601

- 10 2.8622 2.8397 2.8173 2.7951 2.7730 2.7511 2.7293 2.7077 2.6863 2.6650
9 3.0965 3.0724 3.0484 3.0245 3.0008 2.9773 2.9540 2.9308 2.9078 2.8849
8 3.3478 3.3219 3.2962 3.2706 3.2452 3.2200 3.1950 301701 3.1454 3.1209
7 3.6171 3.5893 3.5618 3.5344 3.5072 3.4802 3.4533 3.4267 3.4002 3.3739
6 3.9055 3.8758 3. 84 9 3 3.8169 3.7878 3.7589 3.7301 3.7016 3.6732 3.6451

5 4.2142 4.1824 4.1508 4.1194 4.0882 4.0573 4.0265 3.9959 3.9656 3.9355
4 4.5444 4.5104 4.4766 4.4430 4.4097 4.3765 4.3436 4.3109 4.2785 4.2462
3 4.8974 4.8610 4.8249 4.7890 4.7534 4.7180 4.6828 4.6478 4.6131 4.5786
2 5.2745 5.2357 501971 5.1588 5.1207 5.0829 5.0453 5.0079 4.9708 4.9340
1 5.6772 5.6358 5.5946 5.5536 5.5130 5.4726 5.4325 5.3926 5.3530 5.3136

0 6.1070 6.0627 6.0188 5.9751 5.9317 5.8886 5.8458 5.8032 5.7609 5.7189

V. 1966
 TABLE 4.6- 2

Temperature
°0

0
.0

6.1010
.1

6.1515
.2

6.1963
.3

6.2414
.4

6.2868
.5

6.3324
.6

6.3184
.1

6.4241
.8

6.4112
.9

6.5181
,
1 6.5653 6.6121 6.6605 6.1086 6.1510 6.8051 6 •.8541 6.9040 6.9536 1.0035
2 1.0538 1.1044 1.1553 1.2065 1.2581 1.3099 1.,3621 1.4141 1.4615 1.5201
3
4
1.5143
8.1284
1.6281
8.1858
1.6823
8.2435
1.1369
8.3015
1.1918
8.3599
1.8410
8.4181
1.9026
8.4118
1.9585
8.5314
8.0148
8.5912
8.0114
8.6515 {
5 8.1181 8.1191 8.8405 8.9023 8.96,44 9.0269 9.0898 9.1531 9.2168 9.2808
6 9.3453 9.4102 9.4154 9.5411 9.6011 9.6136 9.1405 9.8011 9.8154 9.9435
1 10.012 10.081 10.150 10.220 10.290 10.361 10.432 10.503 10.515 10.648
8 10.120 10.194 10.861 10.941 11.016 11.091 11.166 11.242 11.319 11.395
9 11.413 11.550 11.628 11.101 11.186 11.866 11.946 12.026 12.101 12.189

10 12.211 12.353 12.4% 12.520 12.604 12.688 12.113 12.858 12.944 13.031
11 13.118 13.205 13.293 1~.382 13.411 13.560 13.650 13.141 13.832 13.923
12 14.016 14.108 14.202 14.295 14.390 14.485 14.580 14.616 14.112 14.810
13 14.961 15.065 15.164 15.263 15.363 15.464 15.565 15.661 15.169 15.812
14 15.915 16.019 16.184 16.289 16.395 16.501 16.608 16.116 16.824 16.933

15 17.042 17.152 17.263 11.314 11.486 11.599 11.112 11.826 17.940 18.055
16 18.111 18.288 18.405 18.522 18.641 18.160 18.880 19.000 19.121 19.243 (
11 19.365 19.488 19.612 19.131 19.862 19.988 20.114 20.242 20.310 20.498
18 20.628 20.158 20.889 21.020 21.153 21.286 21.419 21.554 21.689 21.825
1.9 21.962 22.099 22.238 22.316 22.516 22.651 22.198 22.940 23.083 23.226

20 23.311 23.516 23.662 23.809 23.956 24.104 24.254 24.404 24.554 24.106
21 24.858 25.011 25.165 25.320 25.416 25.633 25.190 25.948 26.1 01 26.261
22 26.428 26.590 26.152 26.915 21.080 21.245 21.411 21.511 27.145 21.914
23 28.083 28.254 28.425 28.591 28.111 28.945 29.120 29.296 29.412 29.650
24 29.829 30.009 30.189 30.311 30.553 30.131 30.921 31.106 31.293 31.480
(
25 31.668 31.858 32.048 32.239 32.431 32.624 32.819 33.014 33.210 33.401
26 33.606 33.805 34.005 34.201 34.409 34.613 34.811 35.023 35.229 35.431
27 35.646 35.856 36.C61 36.·219 36.492 36.106 36.921 31.131 37.355 31.513
28 31.193 38.014 38.236 38.459 38.683 38.908 39.135 39.362 39.591 39.821
29 40.052 40.284 40.511 40.152 40.988 41.225 41.463 41.102 41.943 42.184 (
30 42.421 42.611 42.911 43.163 43.411 43.660 43.910 4".1.62 "".415 4".669
31 44.924 45.181 45.439 45.698 45.958 46.220 46.483 46.141 41.013 41.280
32 41.548 41.811 48.088 48.360 48.634 48.909 49.185 49.463 49.741 50.022
33
34
50.303
53.191
50.587
53.494
50.871
53.192
51.151
54.092
51.444
54.394
51.132
54.691
52.022
55.001
52.314
55.301
52.601
55.614
52.901
55.923
(
35 56.233 56.545 56.858 51.113 51.489 51.801 58.126 58.441 58.169 59.093
36 59.418 59.145 60.074 60.404 60.135 61.069 61.404 61.140 62.018 62.417
37 62.159 630101 63.446 63.192 64.140 64.489 64.840 65.193 65.541 65.903
38 66.260 66.620 66.981 67.343 61.708 68.014 68.441 68.811 69.1 82 69.555
39 69.930 10.306 10.684 11.064 11.446 11.829 12.214 12.601 12.990 13.381

40 13.113 14.168 14.564 14.961 15.361 15.763 76.166 16.511 16.918 11.381
41 71.198 18.211 18.625 19.042 79.460 79.880 80.303 80.121 81.153 81.581 {
42 82.011 82.443 82.816 83.312 83.150 84.190 84.632 85.015 85.521 85.969
43 86.419 86.810 81.324 81.180 88.238 88.698 89.160 89.624 90.091 90.555
44 91.029 91.502 91.976 92.453 92.932 93.413 93.896 94.381 9".869 95.358

45 95.850 96.344 96.840 91.339 91.839 98.342 98.841 99.354 99.863100.38

46 100.89 101.41 101.92 102.44 102.91 103.49 104.02 104.55 105.08 105.62
41 106.15 106.69 101.24 107.18 108.33 108.81 109.43 109.98 110.53 111.09
48 111.65 112.22 112.78 113.35 113.92 114.49 115.01 115.65 116.23 116. B1
49 111.40 111.98 118.57 119.17 119.16 120.36 120.96 121.56 122.11 122.18

50 123.39 124.00 124.62 125.24 125.86 126.48 121.11 121.14 128.31 129.01 I,
t

V. 1966
 TABLE 4.7-1

Table 4.7 Saturation vapour pressure over a plane surface of ice

Pression de vapeur saturante au-dessus d'une surface plane
de glace

Triple-point - Point triple: 273.16 oK; 6.1114 mb

Temperature
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
00

Unity - Unite: 0.00001 mb

-100 1.4020
- 99 1.7174 1.6830 1.6494 1.616, 1.5839 1.5521 1.5209 1.4903 1.4603 1.4309
- 98 2.0989 2.0574 2.0167 1.9767 1.9375 1.8991 1.8613 1.8243 1.7880 1.7523
- 97 2.5594 2.5094 2.4603 2.4121 2.3648 2.3184 2.2728 2.2281 2.1842 2.1411
- 96 3.1140 3.0538 2.9948 2.9367 2.8798 2.8239 2.7690 2.7151 2.6622 2.6103

- 95 3.7807 3.7084 3.6'374 3.5677 3.4993 3.4321 3.3662 3.3014 3.2378 3.1753
- 94 4.5802 4.4936 4.4086 4.3250 4.2430 4.1624 4.0833 4.0055 3.9292 3.8543
- 93 5.5373 5.4337 5.3319 5.2320 5.1338 5.0374 4.9426 4.8496 4.7582 4.6684
- 92 6.6804 6.5568 6.4353 6.3160 6.1988 6.0836 5.9704 5.8592 5.7500 5.6427
- 91 8.04,2 7.8960 7.7513 7.6091 7.4693 7.3320 7.1971 7.0645 6.9342 6.8062

- 90 9.6646 9.4896 9.3175 9.1484 8.9822 8.8189 8.6583 8.5005 8.3454 8.1930
- 89 11.590 11.382 11.178 10.977 10.780 10.586 10.396 10.208 10.024 9.8426
- 88 13.872 13.626 13.384 13.147 12.913 12.683 12.457 12.235 12.016 11.801
- 87 16.572 16.281 15.995 15.714 15.438 15.166 14.898 14.635 14.377 14.122
- 86 19.760 19.417 19.080 18.748 18.421 18.100 17.784 17.474 17 .168 16.868

- 85 23.518 23.114 22.717 22.326 21.941 21.562 21.190 20.824 20.463 20.109
- 84 27.940 27.465 26.998 26.538 26.085 25.640 25.202 24.770 24.346 23.929
- 83 33.134 32.576 32.028 31.488 30.956 30.433 29.918 29.412 28.913 28.423
- 82 39.224 38.571 ,7.928 37.295 36.672 36.059 35.455 34.861 34.276 33.700
- 81 46.35, 45.589 44.8,7 44.096 43.;l67 42.649 41.942 41.247 40.562 39.888

- 80 54.684 53.792 ~2.913 52.048 51.196 50.357 49.532 48.718 47.918 47.129
- 79 64.404 6,.364 6'2.340 61.330 60.337 59.358 58.394 57.445 56.511 55.591
- 78 75.727 74.516 73.'323 72.148 70.991 69.851 68.728 67.622 66.533 65.461
- 77 88.894 87.486 86.100 84.734 83.389 82.063 80.757 79.471 78.204 76.956
- 76 104.18 102.55 100.94 99.355 97.793 96.254 94.738 93.244 91.772 90.322

Unity - Unite: 0.001 mb

- 75 1.2191 1.2002 1.1815 1.1631 1.1450 1.1272 1.1096 1.0923 1.0752 1.0584
- 74 1.4243 1.4024 1.3808 1.3595 1.3386 1.3179 1.2976 1.2775 1.2578 1.2383
- 73 1.6614 1.6361 1.6112 1.5866 1.5624 1.5386 1.5150 1.4918 1.4690 1.4465
- 72 1.9351 1.9060 1.8772 1.8489 1.8209 1.7934 1.7662 1.7395 1.7131 1.6871
- 71 2.2506 2.2170 2.1839 2.1512 2.1190 2.0873 2.0560 2.0251 1.9947 1.9647

- 70 2.6136 2.5749 2.5%8 2.4993 2.4622 2.4257 2.3897 2.3542 2.3191 2.2846
- 69 3.0307 2.9863 2.9426 2.8995 2.8569 2.8149 2.7735 2.7327 2.6924 2.6527
- 68 3.5094 3.4585 3.4084 3.3589 3.3100 3.2619 3.2144 3.1675 3.1213 3.0757
- 67 4.0580 3.9997 3.9423 3.8856 3.8296 3.7744 3.7200 3.6662 3.6133 3.5610
- 66 4.6858 4.6192 4.55,4 4.4886 4.4245 4.3614 4.2991 4.2376 4.1769 4.1171

- 65 5.4034 5.3273 5.2521 5.1780 5.1049 5.0327 4.9615 4.8912 4.8218 4.7534
- 64 6.2224 6.1356 6.0499 5.9653 5.8818 5.7994 5.7181 5.6379 5.5587 5.4805
- 63 7.1560 7.0571 6.9595 6.8631 6.7679 6.6740 6.5813 6.4898 6.3995 6.3104
- 62 8.2189 8.1064 7.9952 7.8855 7.7772 7.6703 7.5648 7.4606 7.3578 7.2562
- 61 9.4275 9.2996 9.1733 9.0486 8.9255 8.8039 8.6839 8.5654 8.4484 8.3329

- 60 10.800 10.655 10.511 10.,70 10.230 10.092 9.9557 9.8211 9.6882 9.5570
- 59 12.357 12.192 12.029 11.869 11.710 11.554 11.399 11.247 11.096 10.947
- 58 14.120 13.934 13.750 13.568 13.388 13.211 13.036 12.863 12.692 12.523
- 57 16.115 15.905 15.697 15.491 15.288 15.087 14.889 14.693 14.500 14.309
- 56 18.371 18.133 17.897 17.665 17 .436 17.209 16.985 16.763 16.545 16.329

- 55 20.916 20.648 20.382 20.120 19.861 19.605 19.352 19.102 18.855 18.612
- 54 23.787 23.484 23.185 22.889 22.597 22.309 22.024 21.742 21.463 21.188
- 53 27.020 26.679 26.342 26.010 25.681 25.356 25.034 24.717 24.403 24.093
- 52 30.657 ,0.274 29.895 29.521 29.151 28.785 28.424 28.067 27.714 27.365
- 51 34.745 34.314 ,3.8R9 ".468 33.053 32.642 32.236 31.834 31.437 31.045

V. 1966
 TABLE 4.7 - 2

Temperature .0 .1 .2 .3 .4
°0 .5 .6 .7 .B .9

{
- 50 39.334 3B.B51 3B.373 37.901 37.435 36.973 36.517 36.066 35.621 35.1BO
- 49 44.479 43.93B 43.403 42.B74 42.350 41.B33 41.322 40.B16 40.316 39.B22
- 4B 50.244 49.63B 49.03B 4B.446 47.B60 47.2BO 46.707 46.141 45.5Bl 45.027
- 47 56.694 56.016 55.346 54.683 54.027 53.379 52.73B 52.104 51.477 50.B57
- 46 63."905 63.147 62.398 61.65L60.924 60.200 59.483 5B.774 58.073 57.3BO {
- 45 71.958 710112 70.276 69.448 68.630 67.B21 67.020 66.229 65.445 64.671
- 44 BO.942 79.999 79.066 7B0143 77.230 76.327 75.434 74.551 73.677 72.B13
- 43 90.954 B9.904 88.B65 B7.B36 B6.B19 B5.813 84.BIB B3.B33 B2.B59 81.B95

Unity - Unite: mb
- 42 0.1021 0.1009 0.099B 0.09B6 0.0975 0.0964 0.0953 0.0942 0.0931 0.0920
- 41 0.1145 0.1132 0.1119 0.1106 0.1094 0.1081 0.1069 0.1057 0.1045 0.1033

- 40 0.1283 0.1268 0.1254 001240 0.1226 0.1212 0.119B 0.1185 0.1171 0.1158
- 39 0.1436 0.1420 0.1404 0.1388 0.1373 0.1357 0.1342 001327 0.1312 0.1297
- 38 001606 0.15B8 001570 0.1553 0.1536 0.1519 0.1502 0.14B5 0.146B 0.1452
- 37 0.1794 0.1774 0.1755 0.1735 0.1716 0.1697 0.1679 0.1660 0.1642 0.1624
-36 0.2002 001980 001959 001937 0.1916 0.1895 0.1874 0.1854 001834 0.lB14 (
- 35 0.2232 0.2208 0.2184 0.2161 0.2137 0.2114 0.2091 0.2069 0.2046 0.2024
- 34 0.2487 0.2460 0.2434 0.240B 0.2382 0.2356 0.2331 0.2306 0.22Bl 0.2257
- 33 0.2768 0.2739 0.2710 0.2681 0.2652 0.2624 0.2596 0.2568 0.2541 0.2514
- 32 0.3078 0.3046 0.3014 0.2982 0.2951 0.2919 0.28B9 0.2B5B 0.282B 0.279B
- 31 0.3420 0.3385 0.3349 0.3314 0.32BO 0.3245 0.3211 0.317B 0.3144 0.3111

- 30
- 29
0.3797
0.4212
0.3758
0.4168
0.3719
0.4126
0.3680
0.40B3
0.3642
0.4041
0.3604
0.4000
0.3567
0.395B
0.3530
0.3917
0.3493
0.3877
0.3456
0.3B37
"
- 28 0.4668 0.4620 0.4573 0.4526 0.44BO 0.4434 0.4389 0.4344 0.4300 0.4255
- 27 0.5169 0.5116 0.5065 0.5013 0.4963 0.4912 0.4862 0.4813 0.4764 0.4716 (
- 26 0.5719 0.5661 0.5604 0.5548 0.5492 0.5437 0.5382 0.532B 0.5275 0.5221

- 25 0.6322 0.6259 0.6197 0.6135 0.6074 0.6013 0.5953 0.5B94 0.5B35 0.5776
- 24 0.6983 0.6914 0.6846 0.6779 0.6712 0.6645 0.6579 0.6514 0.6449 0.63B5
- 23 0.770B 0.7632 0.755B 0.74B3 0.7410 0.7337 0.7265 0.7194 0.7123 0.7053 (
- 22 0.8501 0.B41B 0.B336 0.B255 0.B175 0.B095 0.B016 0.793B 0.7B61 0.77B4
- 21 0.936B 0.9277 0.91BB 0.9099 0.9012 0.B924 0.BB38 0.B753 0.B66B 0.B5B4

- 20 1.0315 1.0217 1.0119 1.0022 0.9926 0.9B31 0.9737 0.9643 0.9551 0.9459
- 19 1.1350 101243 101136 1.1030 1.0925 1.0B21 1.0718 1.0616 1.0515 1.0415
- 1B 1.2479 1.2362 1.2246 1.2130 1.2016 1.1903 1.1790 1.1679 1.156B 1.1459
- 17 1.3711 1.35B3 1.3456 1.3330 1.3205 1.30B2 1.2959 1.2B3B 1.271 7 1.259B
- 16 1.5053 1.4913 1.4775 1.4638 1.4502 1.4367 1.4234 1.4101 1.3970 1.3B40

- 15 1.6514 1.6362 1.6212 1.6062 1.5914 1.5768 1.5622 1.547B 1.5335 1.5193 (
- 14 1.8104 1.7939 1.7775 1.7613 1.7452 1.7292 1.7134 1.6977 1.6B21 1.6667
- 13 1.9B33 1.9653 1.9475 1.9299 1.9124 1.B950 1.B77B 1.86'07 1.B43B 1.B270
- 12 2.1712 2.1517 2.1323 2.1132 2.0941 2.0753 2.0566 2.03BO 2.0196 2.0014
- 11 2.3752 2.3540 2.3330 2.3122 2.2916 2.2711 2.2508 2.2306 2.2106 2.1908
(
- 10 2.5966 2.5737 2.5509 2.5283 2.5059 2.4B37 2.4616 2.4397 2.41BO 2.3965
9 2.836B 2.B119 2.7872 2.7627 2.73B4 2.7143 2.6903 2.• 6666 2.6431 2.619B
8 3.0970 3.0700 3.0433 3.0167 2.9904 2.9643 2.9384 2.9126 2.BB71 2.8618
7 3.3789 3.3497 3.3207 3.2920 3.2634 3.2352 3.2071 3.1792 3.1516 3.1242
~
6 3.6840 3.6524 3.6211 3.5B99 3.5591 3.52B5 3.49Bl 3.4679 3.43BO 3.40B3

5 4.0141 3.9799 3.9460 3.9123 1.B790 3.845B 3.B130 3.7B03 3.7480 3.7159
4 4.3709 4.3340 4.2973 4.2610 4.2249 4.1B90 4.1535 4.1182 4.0833 4.0485
3 4.7564 4.7165 4.6769 4.6377 4.59B7 4.5600 4.5216 4.4B35 4.4457 4.40Bl
2 5.1727 5.1296 5.0869 5.0445 5.0024 4.9606 4.9191 4.B780 4. B372 4.7966
1 5.6219 5.5754 5.~293 5.4836 5.43Bl 5.3931 5.3483 5.3039 5.259B 5.2161

0 6.1064 6.0563 6.0065 5.9572 5.90B2 5.B596 5.8113 5.7634 5.7159 5.66B7

V. 1966
 TABLE 4.8-1

Table 4.8.1 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect

to a plane surface of pure water
Density of water vapour behaving as an ideal gas
Masse volumique de la vapeur d'eau pure a la saturation
par rapport a une surface plane d'eau pure
Masse volumigue de la vapeur d'eau consideree comme un gaz parfait
Temperature
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
°0

Unity - Unite : gm-a

-50 0.06170
-49 0.06885 0.06810 0.06736 0.06663 0.06590 0.06518 0.06447 0.06377 0.06307 0.06238
-48 0.07673 0.07591 0.07509 0.07428 0.07348 0.07269 0.07191 0.07113 0.07036 0.06960
-47 0.08542 0.08452 0.08362 0.08273 0.08184 0.08097 0.08011 0.07925 0.07840 0.07756
-46 0.09500 0.09400 0.09301 0.09203 0.09106 0.09010 0.08914 0.08820 0.08727 0.08634

-45 0.1055 0.1044 0.1033 0.1023 0.1012 0.1001 0.09909 0.09805 0.09702 0.09601
-44 0.1171 0.1159 0.1147 0.1135 0.1123 0.1112 0.1100 0.1089 0.1078 0.1066
-43 0.1298 0.1285 0.1272 0.1259 0.1246 0.1233 0.1220 0.1208 0.1195 0.1183
-42 0.1437 0.1423 0.1409 0.1394 0.1380 0.1366 0.1352 0.1339 0.1325 0.1311
-41 0.1590 0.1574 0.1559 001543 0.1527 0.1512 0.1497 0.1482 0.1467 0.1452
-40 0.1757 0.1740 0.1723 0.1706 0.1689 0.1672 0.1655 0.1639 0.1622 0.1606
-39 0.1940 0.1921 0.1902 001884 0.1865 0.1847 0.1829 0.1810 0.1793 0.1775
-38 0.2140 0.2119 0.2099 0.2078 0.2058 0.2038 0.2018 0.1998 0.1979 0.1959
-37 0.2358 0.2335 C.2313 0.2291 0.2269 0.2247 0.2225 0.2203 0.2182 0.2161
-36 0.2596 0.2571 0.2547 0.2522 0.2498 0.2474 0.2451 0.2427 0.2404 0.2381

-35 0.2855 0.2828 0.2801 0.2775 0.2749 0.2723 0.2697 0.2671 0.2646 0.2621
-34 0.3137 0.3108 0.3079 0.3050 0.3021 0.2993 0.2965 0.2937 0.2910 0.2882
-33 0.3444 0.3412 0.3381 0.3349 0.3318 0.3287 0.3257 0.3227 0.3197 0.3167
-32 0.3778 0.3743 0.3709 0.3675 0.3641 0.3607 0.3574 0.3541 0.3509 0.3476
-31 0.4140 0.4102 0.4065 0.4028 0.3992 0.3955 0.3919 0.3883 0.3848 0.3813
-30 0.4533 0.4492 0.4452 0.4412 0.4372 0.4333 0.4293 0.4255 0.4216 0.4178
-29 0.4959 0.4915 0.4871 0.4828 0.4785 0.4742 0.4699 0.4657 0.4616 0.4574
-28 0.5421 0.5373 0.5325 0.5278 0.5232 0.5185 0.5139 0.5094 0.5049 0.5004
-27 0.5920 0.5869 0.5817 0.5766 0.5716 0.5666 0.5616 0.5567 0.5518 0.5469
-26 0.6461 0.6405 0.6349 0.6294 0.6240 0.6185 0.6132 0.6078 0.6025 0.5973

-25 0.7045 0.6984 0.6924 0.6865 0.6806 0.6747 0.6689 0.6631 0.6574 0.6517
-24 0.7675 0.7610 0.7545 0.7481 0.7417 0.7354 0.7291 0.7229 0.7167 0.7106
-23 0.8356 0.8286 0.8216 0.8146 0.8078 0.8009 0.7941 0.7874 0.7807 0.7741
-22 0.9090 0.9014 0.8938 0.8864 0.8790 0.8716 0.8643 0.8570 0.8498 0.8427
-21 0.9880 0.9798 0.9717 0.9637 0.9557 0.9478 0.9399 0.9321 0.9243 0.9166

-20 1.073 1.064 1.056 1.047 1.038 1.030 1.021 1.013 1.005 0.9963
-19 1.165 1.155 1.146 1.137 1,127 1,118 1.109 1.100 1.091 1.082
-18 1.263 1.253 1.243 1.233 1.223 1.213 1.203 1.194 1.184 1.174
-17 1.369 1.358 1.347 1.336 1.326 1.315 1.305 1.294 1.284 1.273
-16 1.483 1.471 1.459 1.448 1.436 1.425 1.413 1.402 1.391 1.380

-15 1.604 1.592 1.579 1.567 1.555 1.542 1.530 1.518 1.506 1.494
-14 1.735 1.722 1.708 1.695 1.682 1.669 1.656 1.643 1.630 1.617
-13 1.875 1.861 1.846 1.832 1.818 1.804 1.790 1.776 1.762 1.749
-12 2.025 2.009 1.994 1.979 1.964 1.949 1.934 1.919 1.904 1.890
-11 2.185 2.169 2.152 2.136 2.120 2.104 2.088 2.072 2.056 2.040
-10 2.357 2.339 2.322 2.304 2.287 2.270 2.252 2.236 2.219 2.202
- 9 2.540 2.521 2.502 2.484 2.465 2.447 2.429 2.410 2.392 2.375
- 8
- 7
2.736
2.945
2.716
2.923
2.696
2.902
2.676
2.881
2.656
2.860
2.636
2.839
2.617
2.818
2.597
2.797
2.578
2.777
2.559
2.756
- 6 30168 3.145 3.122 3.099 3.077 3.054 3.032 3.010 2.988 2.966

- 5 3.405 3.381 :;.357 3.332 3.308 3.285 3.261 3.237 3.214 3.191
- 4 3.658 3.632 3.607 3.581 3.555 3.530 3.505 3.480 3.455 3.430
- 3 3.928 3.900 3.873 3.845 3.818 3.791 3.764 3.738 3.711 3.685
- 2 4.215 4.185 4.156 4.127 4.098 4.069 4.041 4.012 3.984 3.956
- 1 4.520 4.489 4.458 4.427 4.396 4.365 4.335 4.305 4.274 4.245

- 0 4.844 4.811 4.778 4.745 4.712 4.680 4.647 4.615 4.583 4.552

V. 1966
Temperature • 0
00
.1 .2
TABLE 4.8- 2

.3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .B .9
I
II

Unity - Unite: gm-3

{
I!
0 4.844 4.878 4.912 4.946 4.980 5.014 5.049 5.083 5.118 50154
1 5.189 5.225 5.260 5.296 5.333 5.369 5.406 5.443 5.480 5.517
2
3
5.555
5.943
5.593
5.983
5.631
6.024
5.669
6.064
5.707
6.105
5.746
6.146
5.785
6.187
5.824
6.229
5.864
6.271
5.903
6.313 (
4 6.355 6.397 6.440 6.483 6.526 6.570 6.614 6.658 6.702 6.747

5 6.791 6.837 6.882 6.927 6.973 7.019 7.066 7.112 70159 7.206
6 7.254 7.302 7.350 70398 7.447 7.495 7.544 7.594 7.644 7.693
7
8
7.744
8.262
7.794
8.316
7.845
8.369
7.896
8.423
7.948
8.478
7.999
8.532
8.051
8.587
8.104
8.643
8.156
8.698
8.209
8.754
(
9 8.810 8.867 8.924 8.981 9.039 9.096 9.154 9.213 9.272 90331

10 9.390 9.450 9.510 9.571 9.631 9.692 9.754 9.816 9.878 9.940
11 10.00 10.07 10.13 10.19 10.26 10.32 10.39 10.45 10.52 10.58
12 10.65 10.72 10.78 10.85 10.92 10.99 11.06 11.12 11019 11.26 (
13 11.33 11.40 11.47 11.55 11.62 11.69 11.76 11.83 11.91 11.98
14 12.05 12.13 12.20 12.28 12.35 12.43 12.51 12.58 12.66 12.74

15 12.82 12.89 12.97 13.05 13.13 13.21 13.29 13.37 13.45 13.53
16
17
13.62
14.46
13.70
14.55
13.78
14.64
13.87
14.72
13.95
14.81
14.03
14.90
14.12
14.99
14.20
15.08
14.29
15.17
14.38
15.26
(
1·8 15.35 15.44 15.54 15.63 15.72 15.81 15.91 16.00 16.10 16.19
19 16.29 16.38 16.48 16.58 16.68 16.78 16.87 16.97 17.07 17.17

20 17.27 17.38 17.48 17.58 17.68 17.79 17.89 17.99 18.10 18.21
21 18.31 18.42 18.53 18.63 18.74 18.85 18.96 19.07 19.18 19.29
22 19.40 19.51 19.63 19.74 19.85 19.97 20.08 20.20 20.31 20.43
23 20.55 20.67 20.78 20.90 21.02 21.14 21.26 21.38 21.51 21.63
24 21.75 21.87 22.00 22.12 22.25 22.38 22.50 22.63 22.76 22.89

25 23.01 23.14 23.28 23.41 23.54 23.67 23.80 23.94 24.07 24.21
26 24.34 24.48 24.61 24.75 24.89 25.03 25.17 25.3i 25.45 25.59
27 25.73 25.88 26.02 26.16 26.31 26.45 26.60 26.75 26.89 27.04
28 27.19 27.34 27.49 27.64 27.80 27.95 28.10 28.26 28.41 28.57
29 28.72 28.88 29.04 29.20 29.35 29.51 29.68 29.84 30.00 30.16

30
31
30.33
32.00
30.49
32.18
30.66
32.35
30.82
32.52
30.99
32.70
31.16
32.87
31.32
33.05
31.49
33.23
31.66
33.40
31.83
33.58
(
32 33.76 33.94 34.12 34.31 34.49 34.67 34.86 35.04 35.23 35.41
33 35.60 35.79 35.98 36.17 36.36 36.55 36.75 36.94 37014 37.33
34 37.53 37.73 37.92 38.12 38.32 38.52 38.72 38.93 39.13 39.34

35 39.54 39.75 39.95 40.16 40.37 40.58 40.79 41.00 41.22 41.43
36 41.65 41.86 42.08 42.30 42.51 42.73 42.95 43.18 43.40 43.62
37 43.85 44.07 44.30 44.52 44.75 44.98 45.21 45.44 45.68 45.91
38 46.14 46.38 46.61 46.85 47.09 47.33 47.57 47.81 48.05 48.30
39 48.54 48.79 49.03 49.28 49.53 49.78 50.03 50.28 50.54 50.79
40 51.05 51.30 51.56 51.82 52.08 52.34 52.60 52.86 53.13 53.39
41 53.66 53.93 54.20 54.47 54.74 55.01 55.28 55.56 55.83 56.11
42 56.39 56.67 56.95 57.23 57.51 57.79 58.08 58.36 58.65 58.94
43 59.23 59.52 59.81 60.10 60.40 60.70 60.99 61.29 61.59 61.89
44 62.19 62.50 62.80 63.11 63.41 63.72 64.03 64.34 64.65 64.97
(
45 65.28 65.60 65.91 66.23 66.55 66.87 67.19 67.52 67.84 68.17
46 68.50 68.B' 69016 69.49 69.82 70.15 70.49 70.83 71017 71.50
47 71.85 72019 72.53 72.88 73.22 73.57 73.92 74.27 74.62 74.98
48 75.33 75.69 76.05 76.41 76.77 77.13 77.49 77.86 78.22 78.59
49 78.96 79.33 79.70 80.08 80.45 80.83 81.21 81.59 81.97 82.35

50 82.74 83.12 83.51 83.90 84.29 84.68 85.07 85.47 85.86 86.26
51 86.66 87.06 87.47 87.87 88.28 88.68 89.09 89.50 89.91 90.33
52 90.74 91.16 91.58 92.00 92.42 92.84 93.27 93.69 94.12 94.55
53 94.98 95.42 95.85 96.29 96.73 97.17 97.61 98.05 98.50 98.94
54 99.39 99.84 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.7 102.1 102.6 103.0 103.5

55 104.0 104.4 104.9 105.4 105.8 106.3 106.8 107.3 107.8 108.2
56 108.7 109.2 109.7 110.2 110.7 111.2 111.7 112.2 112.7 113.2
57 113.7 114.2 114.7 115.2 115.7 116.2 116.7 117.2 117.7 118.3
58 118.8 119.3 119.8 120.3 120.9 121.4 121.9 122.5 123.0 123.5
59 124.1 124.6 125.2 125.7 126.3 126.8 127.4 127.9 12B.5 129.0

60 129.6

V. 1966
 TABLE 4.8- 3

Table 4.8.2 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect

to a plane surface of. pure water
Correction for deviation from ideal gas law
Masse volumique de la vapeur d'eau pure a la saturation
par rapport a une surface plane d'eau pure
Correction pour les deviations a la loi des gaz parfaits
Correction is to be added to density
La correction est ii ajouter ii la masse volumique

Temperature Correction Temperature Correction Temperature Correction

-3 -3 -3
°0 gm °0 gm °0 gm

-50 o. 0 0.002 30 0.1

-49 0.0000 1 0.003 31 0.1
-48 0.0000 2 0.003 32 0.1
-47 0.0000 3 0.003 33 0.1
-46 0.0000 4 0.004 34 0.1

-45 0.0000 5 0.004 35 0.1

-44 0.0000 6 0.005 36 0.1
-43 0.0000 7 0.01 37 0.1
-42 0.0000 a. 0.01 38 0.1
-41 0.0000 9 0.01 39 0.1

-40 0.0000 10 0.01 40 0.1

-39 0.0000 11 0.01 41 0.1
-38 0.0000 12 0.C1 42 0.2
-37 0.0000 13 0.01 43 0.2
-36 0.0000 14 0.01 44 0.2
-35 0.0000 15 0.01 45 0.2
-34 0.0000 16 0.01 46 0.2
-33 0.0000 17 0.02 47 0.2
-32 0.0000 18 0.02 48 0.3
-31 0.0000 19 0.02 49 0.3

-30 0.0000 20 0.02 50 0.3

-29 0.0000 21 0.02 51 0.3
-28 0.0001 22 0.02 52 0.4
-27 0.0001 23 0.03 53 0.4
-26 0.0001 24 0.03 54 0.4

-25 0.0001 25 0.03 55 0.5

-24 0.0001 26 0.04 56 0.5
-23 0.0001 27 0.04 57 0.5
-22 0.0001 28 0.04 58 0.6
-21 0.0002 29 0.05 59 0.6

-20 0.0002 60 0.7

-19 0.0002
-18 0.0002
-17 0.0003
-16 0.0003

-15 0.·0003
-14 0.0004
-13 0.0005
-12 0.001
-11 0.001
-10 0.001
- 9 0.001
- 8 0.001
--7
6
0.001
0.001

- 5 0.001
- 4 0.001
-3 0.002

-- 1
2 0.002
0.002 V. 1966
 Table 4.9.1 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect
to a plane surface of ice
Density of water vapour behaving as im ideal gas
Masse volumique de la vapeur d'eau pure CL la saturation
par rapport CL une surface plane de glace
Masse volumique de la vapeur d'eau consideree comme un gaz parfait
Temperature 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
00 •

Unity - Unite: 0.0001 g m-3

-100 0.1754
- 99 0.2137 0.2095 0.205~ 0.2015 0.1975 0.1937 0.1899 0.1862 0.1825 001790
- 98 0.2597 0.2547 0.249A 0.2450 0.2402 0.2356 0.2311 0.2266 0.2222 0.2179
- 97 0.H4A 0.3088 0.3030 0.2972 0.2916 0.2860 0.2805 0.2752 0.2699 0.2647
- 96 0.3809 0.3737 0.3667 0.3598 0.3530 0.3464 0.3398 0.3334 0.3271 0.3209
- 95 0.4598 0.4513 0.44£:9 0.4347 0.4266 0.4186 0.4108 0.4031 0.3956 0.3882
- 94 0.~540 0.5438 0.5338 0.5240 0.5143 0.5048 0.4955 0.4864 0.4774 Q.4685
- 93 0.6660 0.6539 0.6420 0.6303 0.6189 0.6076 0.5965 0.5856 0.5749 0.5643
-92 0.7991 0.7847 0.7706 0.7567 0.7431 0.7297 0.7165 0.7036 0.6908 0.6783
- 91 0.9568 0. 9 398 0.9231 0.9066 0.8905 0.8746 0.8590 0.8436 0.8285 0.8137

- 90 1.1434 101233 1.1035 1.0841 1.0650 1.0462 1.0277 1.0095 0.9917 0.9741
- 89 1.3637 1.3400 1.3167 1.2938 1.2712 1.2490 1.2272 1.2057 1.1846 1.1638
- 88 1.6235 1.5955 1.5681 1.5410 1.5144 1.488"1 1.4626 1.4372 1.4123 1.3878
- 87 1.9290 1.8962 1.8639 1.8321 1.8008 1.7701 1.7"198 1.7100 1.6807 1.6518
- 86 2.2878 2.2493 2.2114 201741 2.1374 2.1012 2.0657 2.0307 1.9962 1.9623

- 85 2.7084 2.6633 2.6189 2.5752 2.5322 2.4898 2.4481 2.4071 2.3667 2.3269
- 84 3.2007 3.1479 3.0960 3.0448 2.9945 7.9449 2.8961 2.8481 2.8008 2.7543
- 83 3.7757 3.7141 3.6535 3.5938 3.5350 3.4771 3.4201 3.3639 3.3087 3.2542
- 82 4.4463 4.3745 4.3039 4.2342 4.1657 4.0982 4.0317 3.9662 3.9017 3.8382
- 81 5.2271 5.1436 5.0613 4.9803 4.9005 4.8219 4.7445 4.6682 4.5931 4.5192

- 80 6.1346 6.0376 5.9421 5.8480 5.7552 5.6639 5.5739 5.4852 5.3979 5.3118
- 79 701878 7.0754 6.9645 6.8553 6.7478 6.6417 6.5373 6.4344 6.3330 6.2331
- 78 8.4081 8.2779 8.1496 8.0231 7.8985 7.7756 7.6546 7.5353 7.4178 7.3020
-77 9.8198 9.6692 9.5209 9.3746 9.2305 9.0884 8.9484 8.8103 8.6743 8.5402

Unity - Unite: 0.001 g m-3

- 76 1.1450 1.1277 1.1105 1.0936 1.0770 1.0606 1.0444 1.0285 1.0127 0.9973

- 75 1.3331 1.3131 1.2933 1.2738 1.2546 1.2357 1.2171 1.1987 1.1805 1.1627
- 74 1.5496 1.5266 1.5039 1.4814 1.4593 1.4376 1.4161 1.3949 1.3740 1.3534
- 73 1.7986 1.7721 1.7460 1.7203 1.6949 1.6698 1.6451 1.6207 1.5967 1.5730
- 72 2.0845 2.0541 2.0242 1.9946 1.9654 1.9.67 1.9083 1.8803 1.8527 1.8255
- 71 2.4123 2.3775 2.3431 2.3093 2.2758 2.2428 2.2103 2.1782 2.1466 2.1153

- 70 2.7876 2.7478 2.7085 2.6697 2.6314 2.5937 2.5564 2.5197 2.4834 2.4476
- 69 3.2167 3.1712 3.1263 3.0819 3.0382 2.9950 2.9524 2.9104 2.8689 2.8280
- 68 3.7066 3.6547 3.6034 3.5528 3.5029 3.4536 3.4050 _3.3570 3.3096 3.2629
- 67 4.2653 4.2061 401477 4.0900 4.0330 3.9769 3.9214 3.8666 3.8126 3.7593
- 66 4.9014 4.8340 4.7675 4.7019 4.6371 4.5731 4. 5099 4.~4476 4.3860 4.3253

- 65 5.6248 5.5482 5.4726 5.3980 5.3243 5.2515 5.1797 5.1088 5.0388 4.9696
- 64 6.4464 6.3595 6.2737 6.1889 6.1053 6.0226 5.9410 5.8605 5.7809 5.7024
- 63 7.3784 7.2798 7.1823 7.0864 6.9915 6.8978 6.8052 6.7138 6.6236 6.5344
- 62 8.4342 8.3226 A.2124 8.1036 7.9961 7.8899 7.7850 7.6815 7.5792 7.4782
- 61 9.6288 9.5026 9.3780 9.2549 9.1333 9.0131 8.8945 8.7773 8.6615 8.5471

Unity - Unite: 0.01 gm-3

- 60 1.0979 1.0836 1.0696 1.0556 1.0419 1.0283 1.0149 1.0017 0.9886 0.9756
- 59 1.2503 1.2342 1.2183 1.2026 1.1871 1.1718 1.1566 101417 1.1269 1.ll23
- 58 1.4221 1.4039 1.3860 1.3683 1.3509 1.3336 1.3165 1.2997 1.2830 1.2665
- 57 1.6155 1.5951 1.5750 1.5550 1.5354 1.5159 1.4967 1.4777 1.4589 1.4404
- 56 1.8331 1.8102 1.7875 1.7651 1.7430 1.7211 1.6995 1.6781 1.6570 1.6361

- 55 2.0775 2-.0518 2.0264 2.0012 1.9764 1.9518 1.9275 1.9035 1.8797 1.8563
- 54 2.3519 2.3230 2.2945 2.2663 2.2384 2.2108 2.1835 2.1566 2.1299 2.1036
- 53 2.6594 2.6271 2.5951 2.5635 2.5322 2.5013 2.4707 2.4405 2.4106 2.38ll
- 52 3.0038 2.9676 2.9318 2.8964 2.8614 2.8267 2.7925 2.7587 2.7252 2.6921
- 51 3.3889 3.3485 3.3084 3.2688 3.2297 3.1910 3.1527 3.ll48 3.0774 3.0404
V. 1966
 TABLE 4.9 - 2

Temr:,ebature .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9

- 50 3.819~ 3.7741 3.7294 3.6852 3.6414 3.5982 3.5554 3.5131 3.4713 3.4299
- 49 4.2997 4.2493 4.1994 4.1500 4.1012 4.0530 4.0052 3.9580 3.9112 3.8650
- 48 4.8354 4.71<11 4.7233 4.6685 4.6141 4.5603 4.5070 4.4544 4.4022 4.3507
- 47 5.4320 5.3694 5.3075 5.2462 5.1856 5.1257 5.0664 5.0077 4.9496 4.8922
- 46 6.0959 6.0263 5.9575 5.8893 5.8219 5.7552 5.6891 5.6238 5.5592 5.4953

- 45 6.8340 6.7567 6.6801 6.60/,4 6.5294 6.4553 6.3819 6.3093 6.2374 6.1663
- 44 7.6537 7.5678 7.4828 7.3988 7.3155 7.2332 701517 7.0710 6.9912 6.9122
- 43 8".5631 8.4679 8.3736 8.2804 8.1880 8.0966 8.0062 7.9167 7.8281 7.7405
- 42 9.5711 9.4656 9.3612 9.2578 901555 9.0542 8.9540 8.8547 8.7565 8.6593

Unity - Unite: g m-3

- 41 0.1069 0.1057 0.1046 0.1034 0.1023 0.1012 0.1000 0.098940.097850.09678 (
- 40 0.1192 0.1179 0.1167 0.1154 0.1141 0.1129 0.1117 0.1104 0.1092 0.1081
- 39 0.1329 0.1314 0.1300 0.1286 0.1273 0.1259 0.1245 0.1232 0.1218 0.1205
--38
37
0.1479
0.1646
0.1464
0.1628
0.1448
0.1611
0.1433
0.1594
0.1417
0.1577
0.1402
0.1561
0.1387
0.1544
0.1372
0.1528
0.1358
0.1511
0.1343
0.1495
- 36 0.1829 0.1810 001791 0.1772 0.1754 0.1735 0.1717 0.1699 0.1681 0.1663

- 35 0.2031 0.2010 0.1989 0.1968 0.1948 0.1928 0.1908 0.1888 0.1868 0.1848
- 34 0.2253 0.2230 0.2207 0.2184 0.2162 0.2140 0.2117 0.2096 0.2074 0.2052
- 33 0.2498 0.2472 0.2447 0.2422 0.2397 0.2373 0.2348 0.2324 0.2300 0.2277 /
-
-
32
31
0.2766
0.3061
0.2738
0.3030
0.2710
0.3000
0.2683
0.2969
0.2656
0.29 h O
0.2629
0.2910
0.2602
0.2881
0.2576
0.2852
0.2549
0.2823
0.2523
0.2794 "
- 30 0.3384 0.3350 0.3317 0.3284 0.3251 0.3219 0.3186 0.3154 0.3123 0.3092
- 29 0.3738 0.3701 0.3664 0.3628 0.3592 0.3557 0.3522 0.3487 0.3452 0.3418 (
- 28 0.4126 0.4085 0.4045 0.4006 0.3966 0.3927 0.3889 0.3851 0.3813 0.3775
- 27 0.4550 0.4506 0.4462 0.4419 0.4376 0.4333 0.4291 0.4249 0.4207 0.4166
- 26 0.5014 0.4965 0.4918 0.4870 0.4823 0.4777 0.4730 0.4685 0.4639 0.4594

-
-
25
24
0.5520
0.6073
0.5468
0.6016
0.5415
0.5959
0.5364
0.5902
0.5312
0.5846
0.5261
0.5791
0.5211
0.5736
0.5161
0.5681
0.5111
0.5627
0.5062
0.5573 (
- 23 0.6676 0.6614 0.6552 0.6490 0.6429 0.6368 0.6308 0.6249 0.6190 0.6131
- 22 0.7334 0.7266 0.7198 0.7131 0.7064 0.6998 0.6933 0.6868 0.6803 0.6740
- 21 0.8050 0.7976 0.7902 0.7829 0.7756 0.7684 0.7613 0.7542 0.7472 0.7403

- 20 0.8829 0.8748 0.8668 0.8589 0.8510 0.8431 0.8354 0.8277 0.8201 0.8125
-- 19
18
0.9677
1.060
0.9589
1.050
0.9502
1.041
0.9415
1.031
0.9329
1.022
0.9244
1.013
0.9160
1.004
0.9076
0.9945
0.8993
0.9855
0.8911
0.9765
- 17 1.160 1.149 1.139 1.129 1.119 1.109 1.099 1.089 1.079 1.069
- 16 1.268 1.257 1.246 1.235 1.224 1.213 1.202 1.191 1.181 1.170 (
- 15 1.386 1.374 1.362 1.350 1.338 1.326 1.314 1.303 1.291 1.280
- 14
- 13
1.514
1.652
1.500
1.638
1.487
1'-623
1.474
1.609
1.461
1.595
1.449
1.581
1.436
1.568
1.423
1.554
1.411
1.540
1.398
1.527
- 12
- 11
1.801
1.963
1.786
1.946
1.771
1.930
1.755
1.913
1.740
1.897
1.725
1.881
1.710
1.865
1.696
1.849
1.681
1.833
1.666
1.817

- 10 2.138 2.120 2.102 2.084 2.067 2.049 2.032 2.014 1.997 1.980
9 2.327 2.307 2.288 2.269 2.250 2.231 2.212 2.193 2.175 2.156
8 2.531 2.510 2.489 2.468 2.447 2.427 2.407 2.387 2.367 2.347
7 2.751 2.728 2.706 2.683 2.661 2 ..639 2.617 2.595 2.574 2.552
6 2.988 2.964 2.939 2.915 2.891 2.867 2.844 2.820 2.797 2.774

5 3.244 3.217 3.191 3.165 3.139 3.113 3.088 3.063 3.038 3.013
4 3.519 3.490 3.462 3.434 3.406 3.379 3.351 3.324 3.297 3.270
3 3.815 3.784 3.754 3.724 3.694 3.664 3.635 3.605 3.576 3.547
2 4.134 4.101 4.068 4.036 4.003 3.971 3.940 3.908 3.877 3.846
1 4.476 4.441 ~.406 4.371 4.336 4.302 4.268 4.234 4.200 4.167

0 4.844 4.806 4.768 4.731 4.694 4.657 4.620 4.584 4.548 4.512

v. "1966
 TABLE 4.9-3

Table 4.9.2 Density of pure water vapour at saturation with respect

to a plane surface of ice
Correction for deviation from ideal gas law
Masse vo!umique de la vapeur d'eau pure it la saturation
par rapport it une surface plane de glace
Correction pour les deviations it la loi des gaz parfaits
Correction is to be added to. density
a
La correction est a
ajouter la masse volumique

Tempe- Correction Tempe- Correction

rature rature
00
gm~3
00 gm-3

-100 0.00000000 - 50 0.0000006

- 99 0.00000000 - 49 0.0000007
- 98 0.00000000 - 48 0.0000008
- 97 0.00000000 - 47 0.0000010
- 96 0.00000000 - 46 0.0000012

- 95 0.00000000 - 45 0.000002
- 94 0.00000000 - 44 0.000002
- 93 0.00000000 - 43 0.000002
-92 0.00000000 - 42 0.000003
- 91 0.00000000 - 41 0.000003

- 90 0.00000000 - 40 0.000004
- 89 0.00000000 - 39 0.000005
- 88 0.00000000 - 38 0.000006
- 87 0.00000000 -37 0.000007
- 86 0.00000000 - 36 0.000008

- 85 0.00000000 - 35 0.000010
- 84 0.00000000 - 34 0.000012
- 83 0.00000000 - 33 0.000014
- 82 0.00000000 - 32 0.00002
- 81 0.00000000 - 31 0.00002

- AO 0.00000000 - 30 0.00002
- 79 0.00000000 - 29 0.00003
- 78 0.00000000 - 28 0.00003
-77 0.00000000 - 27 0.00004
- 76 0.00000000 - 26 0.00005

- 75 0.00000000 - 25 0.00006
- 74 0.00000000 - 24 0.00007
- 73 0.00000000 - 23 0.00008
-72 0.00000000 - 22 0.00009
-71 0.00000001 - 21 0.00011

- 70 0.00000001 - 20 0.00012
- 69 0.00000001 - 19 0.00015
- 68 0.00000001 - 18 0.0002
- 67 0.00000001 - 17 0.0002
- 66 0.00000002 - 16 0.0002

- 65 0.00000002 - 15 0.0003
- 64 0.00000003 - 14 0.0003
- 63 0.00000003 - 13 0.0004
- 62 0.00000004 - 12 0.0004
- 61 0.00000005 - 11 0.0005

- 60 0.00000007 - 10 0.0006
- 59 0.00000008 9 0.0007
- 58 0.00000010 8 0.0008
- 57 0.00000013 7 0.0009
- 56 0.0000002 6 0.0010

- 55 0.0000002 5 0.0012
- 54 0.0000002 4 0.0014
- 53 0.0000003 3 0.002
0.0000004 2 0.002
-
- 52
~, n~t'\nnnnns;, 1 n.nn:>
 TABLE 4.10 - 1

Table 4.10 Relations between saturation vapour pressure of water

vapour in the pure phase and of moist air (coefficients fw
and fi)
Relations entre la pression de vapeur saturante de la vapeur
d'eau dans la phase pure et celle de l'air humide (coefficients
fw et fi)
Coefficient fw
PresslU"e - pression, mb
Tern- A
pera- \
ture 5 10 30 50 100 200 300 500 700 900 1100
'C
-50 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0012 1.0018 1.0030 1.0042 1.0053 1.0065
-40 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0017 1.0027 1.0038 1.0049 1.0060
-30 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0016 1.0026 1.0036 1.0046 1.0055
-20 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0004 1.0006 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0034 1.0043 1.0052
-10 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0005 1.0007 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0032 1.0041 1.0049
0 1.0002 1.0005 1.0006 1.0008 1.0012 1.0016 1.0024 1.0032 1.0040 1.0047
10 1.0010 1.0014 1.0018 1.0025 1.0032 1.0040 1.0047
20 1.0012 1.0016 1.0020 1.0027 1.0034 1.0041 1.0048
30 1.0023 1.0030 1.0037 1.0044 1.0050
40 1.0026 1.0034 1.0041 1.0048 1.0054
50 1.0037 1.0045 1.0052 1.0059
60 1.0048 1.0056 1.0064

Coefficient fi
Tern- Pressure - , mb
pression,
pera- \
ture 5 10 30 50 100 200 30:0 500 700 900 1100
'C
-100 1.0001 1.0001 1.0003 1.0005 1.0010 1.0020 1.0030
- 90 1.0000 1.0001 1.0003 1.0004 1.0009 1.0018 1.0027 1.0045
- 80 1.0000 1.0001 tOO02 1.0004 1.0008 1.0016 1.0024 1.0040 1.0057 1.0073 1.0089
- 70 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0007 1.0015 1.0022 1.0036 1.0051 1.0066 1.0080
- 60 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0007 1.0013 1.0020 1.0033 1.0046 1.0059 1.0073
- 50 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0012 1.0018 1.0030 1.0042 1.0054 1.0066
- 40 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0017 1.0028 1.0039 1.0050 1.0061
- 30 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0016 1.0026 1.0036 1.0046 1.0056
- 20 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0004 1.0006 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0034 1.0043 1.0052
-10 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0005 1.0007 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0033 1.0041 1.0050
0 1.0002 1.0005 1.0006 1.0008 1.0012 1.0"016 1.0024 1.0032 1.0040 1.0048

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.11 - 1

Table 4.11 Virtual temperature increment of saturated moist air

Correction de temperature virtuelle do l'air humide sature

Pl'e......-.sure - ,pressiOll, mb
Tempera. I
ture 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650
'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C
-40 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
-39 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03
-38 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
-37 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04
-36 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04
-35 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05
-34 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05
-33 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06
-32 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06
-31 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07
-30 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
-29 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .08
-28 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09
-27 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .09 .10
-26 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .09 .10 .11
-25 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12
-24 .08 .08 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .13
-23 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 .12 .13 .13 .14
-22 .09 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16
-21 .10 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17
-20 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18
-19 .12 .13 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20
-18 .1J .14 .15 .15 .16 .17 .18 .20 .21 .22
-17 .15 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .23 .24
-16 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .25 .26
-15 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.29
-14 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .25 .26 .28 .30 .31
-13 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .27 .28 .30 .32 .34
-12 .22 .23 .25 .26 .27 .29 .31 .33 .35 .37
-11 .24 .25 .27 .28 .30 .31 .33 .35 .38 .41
-10 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.44
-9 .28 .30 .31 .33 .34 .37 .39 .41 .44 .48
-8 .31 .32 .34 .35 .37 .40 .42 .45 .48 .52
-7 .33 .35 .37 .38 .40 .43 .46 .49 .52 .56
-6 .36 .38 .40 .42 .44 .46 .49 .53 .56 .61
-5 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.48 0.50 '0.53 0.57 0.61 0.66
-4 .42 .44 .46 .49 .51 .55 .58 .62 .66 .71
-3 .46 .48 .50 .53 .56 .59 .63 .67 .72 .77
-2 .49 .52 .54 .57 .60 .64 .68 .72 .78 .84
- 1 .53 .56 .59 .62 .65 .69 .73 .78 .84 .90
0 0.58 0.60 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.79 0.85 0.91 0.98
1 .62 .65 .68 .72 .76 .80 .86 .91 .98 1.05
2 .67 .70 .74 .78 .82 .87 .92 .98 1.05 1.13
3 .72 .76 .79 .84 .88 .93 .99 1.06 1.13 1.22
4 .78 .81 .85 .90 .95 1.01 1.07 1.14 1.22 1.32
5 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.97 1.02 1.08 1.15 1.23 1.32 1.42
6 .90 .94 .99 1.04 1.10 1.17 1.24 1.32 1.42 1.53
7 .97 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.64
8 1.04 1.09 1.15 1.21 1.27 1.35 1.43 1.53 1.64 1.77
9 1.12 1.17 1.23 1.30 1.37 1.45 1.54 1.65 1.76 1.90
10 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.40 1.47 1.56 1.66 1.77 1.90 2.04

IV.lD6S
 TABLE 4.11 - 2 (
Pressure ~ pressiQu, mu
A
Tempera-
ture
I
1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650
\
(
'C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C 'C 'C 'C
10 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.40 1.47 1.56 1.66 1.77 1.90 2.04
11 1.29 1.35 1.42 1.50 1.58 1.67 1.78 1.90 2.03 2.19
12 1.38 1.45 1.52 1.60 1.69 1.79 1.90 2.03 2.18 2.35 (
13 1.48 1.55 1.63 1.72 1.81 1.92 2.04 2.18 2.33 2.51
14 1.59 1.66 1.75 1.84 1.94 2.06 2.19 2.33 2.50 2.69
15 1.70 1.78 1.87 1.97 2.08 2.20 2.34 2.50 2.68 2.89
16 1.82 1.91 2.00 2.11 2.23 2.36 2.51 2.68 2.87 3.09 (
17 1.95 2.04 2.15 2.26 2.39 2.53 2.68 2.87 3.07 3.31
18 2.09 2.19 2.30 2.42 2.55 2.70 2.87 3.07 3.29 3.54
19 2.23 2.34 2.46 2.59 2.73 2.89 3.07 3.28 3.52 3.79
20 2.38 2.50 2.62 2.76 2.92 3.09 3.29 3.51 3.76 4.05 (
21 2.54 2.67 2.80 2.95 3.11 3.30 3.51 3.74 4.02 4.33
22 2.71 2.84 2.99 3.15 3.32 3.52 3.74 3.99 4.29 4.62
23 2.90 3.03 3.19 3.36 3.54 3.75 3.99 4.26 4.58 4.93
24 3.23
3.09 3.40 3.58 3.78 4.00 4.26 4.54 4.88 526 (
25 3.29 3.45 3.62 3.82 4.03 4.27 4.54 4.85 5.21 5.61
26 3.51 3.67 3.86 4.07 4.29 4.55 4.84 5.17 5.55 5.98
27 3.74 3.92 4.11 4.33 4.58 4.85 5.16 5.50 5.91 6.37
28 3.98 4.17 4.38 4.62 4.87 5.17 5.49 5.87 6.30 6.79 (
29 4.24 4.44 4.67 4.91 5.19 5.50 5.85 6.25 6.71 7.23
30 4.51 4.73 4.97 5.23 5.53 5.86 6.23 6.65 7.14 7.70
31 4.79 5.02 5.28 5.56 5.88 6.23 6.62 7.08 7.59 8.19
32 5.09 5.34 5.61 5.91 6.25 6.62 7.04 7.52 8.07 8.71 (
33 5.41 5.67 5.96 6.28 6.64 7.04 7.48 8.00 8.58 9.26
34 5.74 6.02 6.33 6.67 7.05 7.47 7.95 8.50 9.12 9.84
35 6.10 6.39 6.73 7.09 7.49 7.94 8.45 9.02 9.69 10.45
36
37
6.47
6.87
6.78
7.20
7.14
7.57
7.52
7.98
7.95
8.44
8.43
8.94
8.97
9.52
9.58
10.17
10.29
10.92
11.10
11.79
(
38 7.28 7.64 8.03 8.47 8.95 9.49 10.10 10.80 11.59 12.52
39 7.73 8.10 8.52 8.98 9.49 10.07 10.72 11.45 12.30 13.29
40
41
8.19
8.68
8.59
9.10
9.03
9.57
9.52
10.09
10.06
10.66
10.68
11.31
11.36
12.04
12.15
12.88
13.05
13.84
14.10
14.95
(
42 9.19 9.64 10.14 10.69 11.30 11.99 12.76 13.66 14.67 15.86
43 9.73 10.21 10.73 11.32 11.97 12.70 13.52 14.47 15.54 16.81
44 10.30 10.80 11.36 11.98 12.67 13.44 14.32 15.33 16.46 17.82
(
45 10.90 11.43 12.02 12.68 13.41 14.23 15.16 16.24 17.44 18.89
46 11.53 12.10 12.72 13.42 14.19 15.07 16.05 17.19 18.47 20.00
47 12.19 12.79 13.46 14.19 15.02 15.94 16.99 18.20 19.55 21.18
48 12.89 13.53 14.23 15.01 15.88 16.87 17.98 19.26 20.70 22.42
49 13.63 14.30 15.05 15.87 16.80 17.84 19.02 20.37 21.91 23.73 (
50 14.40 15.11 15.90 16.78 17.76 18.86 20.11 21.54 23.18 25.10
51 15.21 15.97 16.81 17.74 18.77 19.95
52 16.07 16.87 17.76 18.74 19.83 21.08
53 16.97 17.82 18.76 19.80 20.95 22.28 (
54 17;91 18.81 19.81 20.91 22.13 23.54
55 18.90 19.86 20.91 22.08 23.37 24.87
56 19.95 20.95 22.07 23.31 24.67 26.26
57 21.04 22.11 23.29 24.60 26.04 27.73 (
58 22.19 23.32 24.57 25.96 27.49 29.27
59 23.40 24.59 25.91 27.38 29.01 30.89
60 24.66 25.92 27.32 28.87 30.62 32.59
~

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.11 - 3

Pres..'lure - pres:sion, mb
A
Tempera.
tare '650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200
'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C 'C
-40 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
-39 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .07 .09
-38 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .07 .08 .10
-37 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .08 .09 .11
-36 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .07 .07 .08 .10 .13
-35 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.14
-34 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07 .08 .09 .10 .12 .15
-33 .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 .09 .10 .11 .14 .17
-32 .06 .07 .07 .08 .09 .10 .11 .13 .IS .19
-31 .07 .07 .08 .09 .10 .11 .12 .14 .17 .21
-30 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.23
-29 .08 .09 .09 .10 .12 .13 .15 .17 .21 .26
-28 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 .15 .16 .19 .23 .28
-27 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .16 .18 .21 .25 .31
-26 .11 .12 .13 .14 .16 .18 .20 .23 .27 .34
-25 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.38
-24 .13 .14 .16 .17 .19 .21 .24 .28 .33 .41
-23 .14 .16 .17 .19 .21 .23 .26 .30 .36 .45
-22 .16 .17 .19 .20 .23 .26 .29 .33 .40 .50
-21 .17 .19 .20 .22 .25 .28 .31 .37 .44 .55
-20 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.40 0.48 0.60
-19 .20 .22 .24 .27 .29 .33 .38 .44 .53 .66
-18 .22 .24 .26 .29 .32 .36 .41 .48 .57 .72
-17 .24 .26 .28 .32 .35 .39 .45 :52 .63 .78
-16 .26 .28 .31 .35 .38 .43 .49 .57 .68 .85
-15 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.62 0.74 0.93
-14 .31 .34 .37 .42 .45 .51 .58 .68 .81 1.02
-13 .34 .37 .40 .45 .49 .55 .63 .74 .89 1.11
-12 .37 .40 .44 .49 .54 .60 .69 .80 .97 1.21
-11 .41 .44 .48 .53 .59 .66 .75 .88 1.05 1.32
-10 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.64 0.72 0.82 0.95 1.15 1.43
-9 .48 .52 .56 .62 .69 .78 .89 1.04 1.24 1.56
-8 .52 .56 .61 .67 .75 .84 .96 1.12 1.35 1.69
-7 .56 .61 .66 .73 .81 .91 1.04 1.22 1.46 1.83
-6 .61 .66 .72 .79 .88 .99 1.13 1.32 1.59 1.99
-5 0.66 0.71 0.78 0.85 0.95 1.07 1.22 1.43 1.72 2.15
-4 .71 .77 .84 .93 1.03 1.16 1.33 1.55 1.86 2.33
-3 .77 .84 .91 1.00 1.12 1.26 1.44 1.68 2.02 2.52
-2 .84 .90 .99 1.09 1.21 1.36 1.55 1.82 2.18 2.73
-1 .90 .98 1.07 1.17 1.31 1.47 1.68 1.96 2.36 2.95
0 .98 1.06 1.15 1.27 1.41 1.59 1.82 2.12 2.55 3.19
1 1.05 1.14 1.24 1.37 1.52 1.72 1.96 2.29 2.75 3.45
2 1.13 1.23 1.34 1.47 1.64 1.85 2.12 2.47 2.97 3.72
3 1.22 1.32 1.44 1.59 1.77 2.00 2.28 2.67 3.20 4.01
4 1.32 1.43 1.56 1.71 1.90 2.15 2.46 2.88 3.45 4.33
5 1.42 1.53 1.67 1.84 2.05 2.32 2.65 3.10 3.72 4.66
6 1.53 1.65 1.80 1.99 2.21 2.49 2.85 3.34 4.00 5.02
7 1.64 1.78 1.94 2.14 2.38 2.68 3.07 3.59 4.31 5.41
8 1.77 1.91 2.09 2.30 2.56 2.88 3.30 3.86 4.64 5.82
9 1.90 2.06 2.25 2.47 2.75 3.10 3.55 4.15 4.99 6.26
10 2.04 2.21 2.42 2.66 2.96 3.33 3.81 4.46 5.36 6.73

IV.1968
 (
TABLE 4.11 - 4

Pressure -- Apression, mb
Tempera-
'650
\ (
ture 600 550 500 450 4()() 350 300 250 200
·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C ·C
10 2.04 2.21 2.42 2.66 2.96 3.33 3.81 4.46 5.36 6.73
11
12.
2.19
2.35
2.37
2.54
2.59
2.78
-2.85 3.18 3.58 4.10 4.78
5.14
5.76
6.19
7.24 (
3.06 3.41 3.84 4.40 7.77
13 2.51 2.72 2.98 3.28 3.66 4.11 4.71 5.51 6.64 8.34
14 2.69 2.92 3.19 3.52 3.92 4.41 5.05 5.91 7.12 8.95
15 2.89 3.13 3.42 3.77 4.20 4.73 5.42 6.34 7.64 9.61 (
16 3.09 3.35 3.66 4.04 4.50 5.06 5.80 6.79 8.18 10.30
17 3.31 3.59 3.92 4.32 4.82 5.42 6.21 7.27 8.77 11.04
18 3.54 3.84 4.19 4.62 5.15 5.80 6.65 7.79 9.39 11.83
19 3.79 4.11 4.~ 4.95 5.51 6.21 7.11 8.33 10.05 12.61 (
20 4.05 4.40 4.80 5.29 5.89 6.64 7.61 8.92 10.76 13.57
21 4.33 4.69 5.13 5.65 6.29 7.09 8.13
22 4.62 5.01 5.48 6.03 6.72 7.58 8.69
23 4.93 5.35 5.85 6.44 7.17 8.09 9.29 (
24 5.26 5.71 6.24 6.87 7.66 8.64 9.92
25 5.61 6.09 6.65 7.33 8.17 9.22 10.59
26 5.98 6.49 7.09 7.82 8.72 9.84 11.29
27 6.37 6.92 7.56 8.34 9.29 10.49 12.05 (
28 6.79 7.37 8.06 8.88 9.90 11.18 12.85
29 7.23 7.85 8.58 9.46 10.55 11.92 13.70
30 7.70 8.36 9.14 10.08 11.24 12.70 14.60 (
31 8.19 8.89 9.72 10.73 11.96
32 8.71 9.46 10.34 11.41 12.73
33 9.26 10.05 11.00 12.14 13.55
34 9.84 10.68 11.69 12.91 14.41
(
35 10.45 11.35 12.43 13.73 15.33
36 11.10 12.06 13.20 14.59 16.29
37 11.79 12.81 14.03 15.50 17.32
38 12.52 13.61 14.90 16.47 18.40
39 13.29 14.44 15.82 17.49 19.55 (
40 14.10 15.33 16.79 18.57 20.76
41 '14.95 (
42 15.86 \
43 16.81
44 17.82
45 18.89
46 20.00 (
47 21.18
48 22.42
49 23.73
50 25.10

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.12 - 1

Table 4.12.1 Density of air regarded as an ideal gas

Vir.ual Masse volumique de l'aiT considBTB comme un gaz parfait
temperature
Templ!ralure,.-- Pressure --.A,
- pressiouJ mb ~

virtuelle ' 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
Iv
·C kg m· 4 kg.m-l kg m 4 kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l kg m-l
-110 2.3488 2.1352 1.9217 1.7082 1.4947 1.2811 1.0676 0.8541 0.6406 0.4270 0.2135
-109 2.3344 2.1222 1.9100 1.6978 1.4856 1.2733 1.0611 0.8489 0.6367 0.4244 0.2122
-108 2.3203 2.1094 1.8984 1.6875 1.4766 1.2656 1.0547 0.8437 0.6328 0.4219 0.2109
-107 2.3063 2.0967 1.8870 1.6773 1.4677 1.2580 1.0483 0.8387 0.6290 0.4193 0.2097
-106 2.2925 2.0841 1.8757 1.6673 1.4589 1.2505 1.0421 0.8337 0.6252 0.4168 0.2084
-105 2.2789 2.0717 1.8646 1.6574 1.4502 12430 1.0359 0.8287 0.6215 0.4143 0.2072
-104 22654 2.0595 1.8535 1.6476 1.4416 1.2357 1.0297 0.8238 0.6178 0.4119 0.2059
-103 2.2521 2.0474 1.8427 1.6379 1.4332 1.2284 1.0237 0.8190 0.6142 0.4095 0.2047
-102 2.2390 2.0354 1.8319 1.6283 1.4248 1.2213 1.0177 0.8142 0.6106 0.4071 0.2035
-101 2.2260 2.0236 1.8212 1.6189 1.4165 1.2142 1.0118 0.8094 0.6071 0.4047 0.2024
-100 2.2131 2.0119 1.8107 1.6095 1.4083 1.2072 1.0060 0.8048 0.6036 0.4024 0.2012
-99 2.2004 2.0004 1.8003 1.6003 1.4003 1.2002 1.0002 0.8001 0.6001 0.4001 0.2000
- 98 2.1878 1.9890 1.7901 1.5912 1.3923 1.1934 0.9945 0.7956 0.5967 0.3978 0.1989
- 97 2.1754 1.9776 1.7799 1.5821 1.3844 1.1866 0.9888 0.7911 0.5933 0.3955 0.1978
-96 2.1631 1.9665 1.7698 1.5732 1.3765 1.1799 0.9832 0.7866 0.5899 0.3933 0.1966
- 95 2.1510 1.9554 1.7599 1.5644 1.3688 1.1733 0.9777 0.7822 0.5866 0.3911 0.1955
- 94 2.1390 1.9445 1.7501 1.5556 1.3612 1.1667 0.9723 0.7n8 0.5834 0.3889 0.1945
- 93 2.1271 1.9338 1.7404 1.5470 1.3536 1.1602 0.9669 0.7735 0.5801 0.3868 0.1934
-92 2.1154 1.9231 1.7308 1.5385 1.3461 1.1538 0.9615 0.7692 0.5769 0.3846 0.1923
- 91 2.1038 1.9125 1.7213 1.5300 1.3388 1.1475 0:9563 0.7650 0.5738 0.3825 0.1913
-90 2.0923 1.9021 1.7119 1.5217 1.3314 1.1412 0.95100.7608 0.5706 0.3804 0.1902
- 89 2.0809 1.8917 1.7026 1.5134 1.3242 1.1350 0.9459 0.7567 0.5675 0.3783 0.1892
-88 2.0697 1.8815 1.6934 1.5052 1.3171 1.1289 0.9408 0.7526 0.5645 0.3763 0.1882
- 87 2.0586 1.8714 1.6843 1.4971 1.3100 1.1229 0.9357 0.7486 0.5614 0.3743 0.1871
- 86 2.0476 1.8614 1.6753 1.4891 1.3030 1.1169 0.9307 0.7446 0.5584 0.3723 0.1861
- 85 2.0367 1.8515 1.6664 1.4812 1.2961 1.1109 0.9258 0.7406 0.5555 0.3703 0.1852
- 84 2.0259 1.8417 1.6576 1.4734 1.2892 1.1050 0.9209 0.7367 0.5525 0.3683 0.1842
-83 2.0153 1.8321 1.6489 1.4656 1.2824 1.0992 0.9160 0.7328 0.5496 0.3664 0.1832
- 82 2.0047 1.8225 1.6402 1.4580 1.2757 1.0935 0.9112 0.7290 0.5467 0.3645 0.1822
- 81 1.9943 1.8130 1.6317 1.4504 1.2691 1.0878 0.9065 0.7252 0.5439 0.3626 0.1813
- 80 1.9840 1.8036 1.6232 1.4429 1.2625 1.0822 0.9018 0.7214 0.5411 0.3607 0.1804
- 79 1.9737 1.7943 1.6149 1.4354 1.2560 1.0766 0.8972 0.7177 0.5383 0.3589 0.1794
- 78 1.9636 1.7851 1.6066 1.4281 1.2496 1.0711 0.8926 0.7140 0.5355 0.3570 0.1785
- 77 1.9536 1.7760 1.5984 1.4208 1.2432 1.0656 0.8880 0.7104 0.5328 0.3552 0.1776
- 76 1.9437 1.7670 1.5903 1.4136 1.2369 1.0602 0.8835 0.7068 0.5301 0.3534 0.1767
- 75 1.9339 1.7581 1.5823 1.4065 1.2307 1.0549 0.8790 0.7032 0.5274 0.3516 0.1758
- 74 1.9242 1.7493 1.5743 1.3994 1.2245 1.0496 0.8746 0.6997 0.5248 0.3499 0.1749
- 73 1.9146 1.7405 1.5665 1.3924 1.2184 1.0443 0.8703 0.6962 0.5222 0.3481 0.1741
-72 1.9051 1.7319 1.5587 1.3855 1.2123 1.0391 0.8659 0.6927 0.5196 0.3464 0.1732
-71 1.8956 1.7233 1.5510 1.3786 1.2063 1.0340 0.8617 0.6893 0.5170 0.3447 0.1723
- 70 1.8863 1.7148 1.5433 1.3719 1.2004 1.0289 0.8574 0.6859 0.5144 0.3430 0.1715
- 69 1.8771 1.7064 1.5358 1.3651 1.1945 1.0239 0.8532 0.6826 0.5119 0.3413 0.1706
-68 1.8679 1.6981 1.5283 1.3585 1.1887 1.0189 0.8491 0.6792 0.5094 0.3396 0.1698
- 67 1.8589 1.6899 1.5209 1.3519 1.1829 1.0139 0.8449 0.6759 0.5070 0.3380 0.1690
-66 1.8499 1.6817 1.5135 1.3454 1.1772 1.0090 0.8409 0.6727 0.5045 0.3363 0.1682
- 65 1.8410 1.6736 1.5063 1.3389 1.1715 1.0042 0.8368 0.6695 0.5021 0.3347 0.1674
-64 1.8322 1.6656 1.4991 1.3325 1.1659 0.9994 0.8328 0.6663 0.4997 0.3331 0.1666
- 63 1.8235 1.6577 1.4919 1.3262 1.1604 0.9946 0.8289 0.6631 0.4973 0.3315 0.1658
- 62 1.8148 1.6498 1.4849 1.3199 1.1549 0.9899 0.8249 0.6599 0.4950 0.3300 0.1650
- 61 1.8063 1.6421 1.4779 1.3137 1.1495 0.9852 0.8210 0.6568 0.4926 0.3284 0.1642
- 60 1.7978 1.6344 1.4709 1.3075 1.1441 0.9806 0.8172 0.6538 0.4903 0.3269 0.1634
- 59 1.7894 1.6267 1.4641 1.3014 1.1387 0.9760 0.8134 0.6507 0.4880 0.3253 0.1627
-58 1.7811 1.6192 1.4573 1.2953 1.1334 0.9715 0.8096 0.6477 0.4858 0.3238 0.1619
- 57 1.7729 1.6117 1.4505 1.2894 1.1282 0.9670 0.8058 0.6447 0.4835 0.3223 0.1612
- 56 1.7647 1.6043 1.4438 1.2834 1.1230 0.9626 0.8021 0.6417 0.4813 0.3209 0.1604
- 55 1.7566 1.5969 1.4372 1.2775 1.1178 0.9582 0.7985 0.6388 0.4791 0.3194 0.1597
IV.196B
 (
TABLE 4.12 - 2

Virtual
temperatnre
~'e1/lperaturer-~-...,...-------_-A,··
--------------.
Pressure - .pression, mb (
1'irllleUe ' 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
I"
·C kg m'" kgm"'kg.m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg. m.'" kg m'" kg. m.'"
-55
-54
1.7566
1.7486
1.5969
1.5896
1.4372
1.4307
1.2775
1.2717
1.1178
1.1127
0.9582
0.9538
0.7985
0.7948
0.6388
0.6359
0.4791
0.4769
0.3194 0.1597
0.3179 0.1590
(
-53 1.7407 1.5824 1.4242 1.2659 1.1077 0.9494 0.7912 0.6330 0.4747 0.3165 0.1582
-52 1.7328 1.5752 1.4177 1.2602 1.1027 0.9452 0.7876 0.6301 0.4726 0.3150 0.1575
-51 1.7250 1.5682 1.4113 1.2545 1.0977 0.9409 0.7841 0.6273 0.4704 0.3136.·.0.1568
-50 1.7173 1.5611 1.4050 12489 1.0928 0.9367 0.7806 0.6245 0.4683 0.3122 0.1561 (
-49 1.7096 1.5542 1.3988 1.2433 1.0879 0.9325 0.7771 0.6217 0.4663 0.3108 0.1554
-48 1.7020 1.5473 1.3925 1.2378 1.0831 0.9284 0.7736 0.6189 0.4642 0.3095 0.1547
-47 1.6945 1.5404 1.3864 1.2323 1.0783 0.9243 0.7702 0.6162 0.4621 0.3081 0.1540
-46 1.6870 1.5336 1.3803 1.2269 1.0736 0.9202 0.7668 0.6135 0.4601 0.3067 0.1534 (
-45 1.6796 1.5269 1.3742 1.2215 1.0689 0.9162 0.7635 0.6108 0.4581 0.3054 0.1527
-44 1.6723 1.5203 1.3682 12162 1.0642 0.9122 0.7601 0.6081 0.4561 0.3041 0.1520
-43 1.6650 1.5137 1.3623 1.2109 1.0596 0.9082 0.7568 0.6055 0.4541 0.3027 0.1514
-42 1.6578 1.5071 1.3564 1.2057 1.0550 0.9043 0.7536 0.6028 0.4521 0.3014 0.1507
-41 1.6507 1.5006 1.3506 1.2005 1.0504 0.9004 0.7503 0.6002 0.4502 0.3001 0.1501
-40 1.6436 1.4942 1.3448 1.1953 1.0459 0.8965 0.7471 0.5977 0.4483 0.2988 0.1494
-39 1.6366 1.4878 1.3390 1.1902 1.0415 0.8927 0.7439 0.5951 0.4463 0.2976 0.1488
-38 1.6296 1.4815 1.3333 1.1852 1.0370 0.8889 0.7407 0.5926 0.4444 0.2%3 0.1481 (
-37 1.6227 1.4752 1.3277 1.1802 1.0326 0.8851 0.7376 0.5901 0.4426 0.2950 0.1475
-36 1.6159 1.4690 1.3221 1.1752 1.0283 0.8814 0.7345 0.5876 0.4407 0.2938 0.1469
-35 1.6091 1.4628 1.3165 1.1702 1.0240 0.8777 0.7314 0.5851 0.4388 0.2926 0.1463
-34 1.6024 1.4567 1.3110 1.1654 1.0197 0.8740 0.7284 0.5827 0.4370 0.2913 0.1457 (
-33 1.5957 1.4506 1.3056 1.1605 1.0154 0.8704 0.7253 0.5803 0.4352 0.2901 0.1451
-32 1.5891 1.4446 1.3001 1.1557 1.0112 0.8668 0.7223 0.5778 0.4334 0.2889 0.1445
-31 1.5825 1.4386 1.2948 1.1509 1.0071 0.8632 0.7193 0.5755 0.4316 0.2877 0.1439
-30 1.5760 1.4327 1.2895 1.1462 1.0029 0.8596 0.7164 0.5731 0.4298 0.2865 0.1433
-29 1.5696 1.4269 1.2842 1.1415 0.9988 0.8561 0.7134 0.5707 0.4281 0.2854 0.1427 (
-28 1.5632 1.4210 1.2789 1.1368 0.9947 0.8526 0.7105 0.5684 0.4263 0.2842 0.1421
-27 1.5568 1.4153 1.2737 1.1322 0.9907 0.8492 0.7076 0.5661 0.4246 0.2831 0.1415
-26 1.5505 1.4096 1.2686 1.1276 0.9867 0.8457 0.7048 0.5638 0.4229 0.2819 0.1410
-25 1.5443 1.4039 1.2635 1.1231 0.9827 0.8423 0.7019 0.5615 0.4212 0.2808 0.1404 (
-24 1.5381 1.3982 1.2584 1.1186 0.9788 0.8389 0.6991 0.5593 0.4195 0.2796 0.1398
-23 1.5319 1.3926 1.2534 1.1141 0.9748 0.8356 0.6963 0.5571 0:4178 0.2785 0.1393
-22 1.5258 1.3871 1.2484 1.1097 0.9710 0.8323 0.6936 0.5548 0.4161 0.2774 0.1387
-21 1.5198 1.3816 1.2434 1.1053 0.9671 0.8290 0.6908 0.5526 0.4145 0.2763 0.1382
(
-20 1.5138 1.3761 1.2385 1.1009 0.9633 0.8257 0.6881 0.5505 0.4128 0.2752 0.1376
-19 1.5078 1.3707 1.2336 1.0966 0.9595 0.8224 0.6854 0.5483 0.4112 0.2741 0.1371
-18 1.5019 1.3654 1.2288 1.0923 0.9557 0.8192 0.6827 0.5461 0.4096 0.2731 0.1365
-17 1.4960 1.3600 1.2240 1.0880 0.9520 0.8160 0.6800 0.5440 0.4080 0.2720 0.1360
-16 1.4902 1.3547 1.2193 1.0838 0.9483 0.8128 0.6774 0.5419 0.4064 0.2709 0.1355 (
-15 1.4844 1.3495 1.2145 1.0796 0.9446 0.8097 0.6747 0.5398 0.4048 0.2699 0.1349
-14 1.4787 1.3443 1.2099 1.0754 0.9410 0.8066 0.6721 0.5377 0.4033 0.2689 0.1344
-13 1.4730 1.3391. 1.2052 1.0713 0.9374 0.8035 0.6696 0.5356 0.4017 0.2678 0.1339
-12 1.4674 1.3340 1.2006 1.0672 0.9338 0.8004 0.6670 0.5336 0.4002 0.2668 0.1334 {
-il 1.4618 1.3289 1.1960 1.0631 0.9302 0.7973 0.6644 0.5316 0.3987 0.2658 0.132~")

-10 1.4562 1.3238 1.1915 1.0591 0.9267 0.7943 0.6619 0.5295 0.3972 0.2648 0.1324
-9 1.4507 1.3188 1.1869 1.0551 0.9232 0.7913 0.6594 0.5275 0.3956 0.2638 0.1319
-8 1.4452 1.3139 1.1825 1.0511 0.9197 0.7883 0.6569 0.5255 0.3942 0.2628 0.1314 (
-7 1.4398 1.3089 1.1780 1.0471 0.9162 0.7854 0.6545 0.5236 0.3927 0.2618 0.1309
-6 1.4344 1.3040 1.1736 1.0432 0.9128 0.i824 0.6520 0.5216 0.3912 0.2608 0.1304
-5 1.4291 1.2992 1.1692 1.0393 0,9094 0.7795 0.6496 0.5197 0.3897 0.2598 0.1299
-4 104238 1.2943 1.1649 1.0355 0.9060 0.7766 0.6472 0.5177 0.3883 0.2589 0.1294 {
-3 1.4185 1.2896 1.1606 1.0316 0.9027 0.7737 0.6448 0.5158 0.3869 0.2579 0.1290
-2 1.4133 1.2848 1.1563 1.0278 0.8994 0.7709 0.6424 0.5139 0.3854 0.2570 0.1285
-1 1.4081 1280l 1.1521 1.0241 0.8960 0.7680 0.6400 0.5120 0.3840 0.2560 0.1280
o 1.4029 12754 1.1478 1.0203 0.8928 0.7652 0.6377 0.5102 0.3826 0.2551 0.1275 (
rv.1968
 TABLE 4.12 - 3

Virtual
temperature
J'emperature;..- Pressure - "--,
pression, mb --,
..irll/elle t 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
Iy
'C kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kg m'" kgni-"kgm'" kg m'" kg m'"
o 1.4029 1.2754 1.1478 1.0203 0.8928 0.7652 0.6377 0.5102 0.3826 0.2551 0.1275
1 1.3978 1.2707 1.1437 1.0166 0.8895 0.7624 0.6354 0.5083 0.3812 0.2541 0.1271
2 1.3927 1.2661 1.1395 1.0129 0:8863 0.7597 0.6331 0.5064 0.3798 0.2532 0.1266
3 1.3877 1.2615 1.1354 1.0092 0.8831 0.7569 0.6308 0.5046 0.3785 0.2523 0.1262
4 1.3827 1.2570 1.1313 1.0056 0.8799 0.7542 0.6285 0.5028 0.3771 02514 0.1257
5 1.3777 1.2525 1.1272 1.0020 0.8767 0.7515 0.6262 0.5010 0.3757 0.2505 0.1252
6 1.3728 1.2480 1.1232 0.9984 0.8736 0.7488 0.6240 0.4992 0.3744' 0.2496 0.1248
7 1.3679 1.2435 1.1192 0.9948 0.8705 0.7461 0.6218 0.4974 0.3731 0.2487 0.1244
8 1.3630 1.2391 1.1152 0.9913 0.8674 0.7435 0.6195 0.4956 0.3717 0.2478 0.1239
9 1.3582 1.2347 1.1112 0.9878 0.8643 0.7408 0.6174 0.4939 0.3704 0.2469 0.1235
10 1.3534 1.2303 1.1073 0.9843 0.8612 0.7382 0.6152 0.4921 0.3691 0.2461 0.1230
11 1.3486 12260 1.1034 0.9808 0.8582 0.7356 0.6130 0.4904 0.3678 0.2452 0.1226
12 1.3439 1.2217 1.0995 0.9774 0.8552 0.7330 0.6109 0.4887 0.3665 0.2443 0.1222
13 1.3392 1.2174 1.0957 0.9740 0.8522 0.7305 0.6087 0.4870 0.3652 0.2435 0.1217
14 1.3345 1.2132 1.0919 0.9706 0.8492 0.7279 0.6066 0.4853 0.3640 0.2426 0.1213
15 1.3299 1.2090 1.0881 0.9672 0.8463 0.7254 0.6045 0.4836 0.3627 0.2418 0.1209
16 1.3253 1.2048 1.0843 0.9638 0.8434 0.7229 0.6024 0.4819 0.3614 0.2410 0.1205
17 1.3207 1.2007 1.0806 0.9605 0.8405 0.7204 0.6003 0.4803 0.3602 0.2401 0.1201
18 1.3162 1.1965 1.0769 0.9572 0.8376 0.7179 0.5983 0.4786 0.3590 0.2393 0.1197
19 1.3117 1.1924 1.0732 0.9540 0.8347 0.7155 0.5962 0.4770 0.3577 0.2385 0.1192
20 1.3072 1.1884 1.0695 0.9507 0.8319 0.7130 0.5942 0.4753 0.3565 0.2377 0.1188
21 1.3028 1.1843 1.0659 0.9475 0.8290 0.7106 0.5922 0.4737 0.3553 0.2369 0.1184
i2 1.2984 1.1803 1.0623 0.9443 0.8262 0.7082 0.5902 0.4721 0.3541 0.2361 0.1180
23 1.2940 1.1763 1.0587 0.9411 0.8234 0.7058 0.5882 0.4705 0.3529 0.2353 0.1176
24 1.21196 1.1724 1.0551 0.9379 0.8207 0.7034 0.5862 0.4690 0.3S17 0.2345 0.1172
25 12853 1.1684 1.0516 0.9348 0.8179 0.7011 0.5842 0.4674 0.3505 0.2337 0.1168
26 1.2810 1.1645 1.0481 0.9316 0.8152 0.6987 0.5823 0.4658 0.3494 0.2329 0.1165
27 1.2767 1.1607 1.0446 0.9285 0.8125 0.6964 0.5803 0.4643 0.3482 0.2321 0.1161
28 12725 1.1568 1.0411 0.9254 0.8098 0.6941 0.5784 0.4627 0.3470 0.2314 0.1157
29 1.2683 1.1530 1.0377 0.9224 0.8071 0.6918 0.5765 0.4612 0.3459 0.2306 0.1153
30 1.2641 1.1492 1.0343 0.9193 0.8044 0.6895 0.5746 0.4597 0.3448 0.2298 0.1149
31 1.2599 1.1454 1.0309 0.9163 0.8018 0.6872 0.5727 0.4582 0.3436 0.2291 0.1145
32 1.2558 1.1416 1.0275 0.9133 0.7991 0.6850 0.5708 0.4567 0.3425 0.2283 0.1142
33 1.2517 1.1379 1.0241 0.9103 0.7965 0.6827 0.5690 0.4552 0.3414 0.2276 0.1138
34 1.2476 1.1342 1.0208 0.9074 0.7939 0.6805 0.5671 0.4537 0.3403 0.2268 0.1134
35 1.2436 1.1305 1.0175 0.9044 0.7914 0.6783 0.5653 0.4522 0.3392 0.2261 0.1131
36 1.2396 1.1269 1.0142 0.9015 0.7888 0.6761 0.5634 0.4507 0.3381 0.2254 0.1127
37 1.2356 1.1232 1.0109 0.8986 0.7863 0.6739 0.5616 0.4493 0.3370 0.2246 0.1123
38 1.2316 1.1196 1.0077 0.8957 0.7837 0.6718 0.5598 0.4479 0.3359 0.2239 0.1120
39 1.2276 1.1160 1.0044 0.8928 0.7812 0.6696 0.5580 0.4464 0.3348 0.2232 0.1116
40 1.2237 1.1125 1.0012 0.8900 0.7787 0.6675 0.5562 0.4450 0.3337 0.2225 0.1112
41 1.2198 1.1089 0.9980 0.8872 0.7763 0.6654 0.5545 0.4436 0.3327 0.2218 0.1109
42 1.2160 1.1054 0.9949 0.8843 0.7738 0.6633 0.5527 0.4422 0.3316 0.2211 0.1105
43 1.2121 1.1019 0.9917 0.8815 0.7713 0.6612 0.5510 0.4408 0.3306 0.2204 0.1102
44 1.2083 1.0984 0.9886 0.8788 0.7689 0.6591 0.5492 0.4394 0.3295 0.2197 0.1098
45 1.2045 1.0950 0.9855 0.8760 0.7665 0.6570 0.5475 0.4380 0.3285 0.2190 0.1095
46 1.2007 1.0916 0.9824 0.8732 0.7641 0.6549 0.5458 0.4366 0.3275 0.2183 0.1092
47 1.1970 1.0882 0.9793 0.8705 0.7617 0.6529 0.5441 0.4353 0.3264 0.2176 0.1088
48 1.1932 1.0848 0.9763 0.8678 0.7593 0.6509 0.5424 0.4339 0.3254 0.2170 0.1085
49 1.1895 1.0814 0.9733 0.8651 0.7570 0.6488 0.5407 0.4326 0.3244 0.2163 0.1081
50 1.1859 1.0780 0.9702 0.8624 0.7546 0.6468 0.5390 0.4312 0.3234 0.2156 0.1078

IV. 19GB
 (
TABLE 4.12 - 4

Vil'~ual
temperature
Temptfraturer---
Pressure -.presslan, rob
~·.....
· -------------,
(
virtuelle ' 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
tv
'C kll'm'" kgm"'kll'm'" kg m'" kg m'" kgm-lkgm-l kg.m-okgm-l kg.m-lkgm-l
50
51
1.1859
1.1822
1.0780
0.0747
0.9702
0.9673
0.8624
0.8598
0.7546
0.7523
0.6468
0.6448
0.5390
0.5374
0.4312
0.4299
0.3234
0.3224
0.2156
0.2149
0.1078
0.1075
(
52 1.1786 1.0714 0.9643 0.8571 0.7500 0.6429 0.5357 0.4286 0.3214 0.2143 0.1071
53 1.1750 1.0681 0.9613 0.8545 0.7477 0.6409 0.5341 0.4273 0.3204 0.2136 0.1068
54 1.1714 1.0649 0.9584 0.8519 0.7454 0.6389 0.5324 0.4259 0.3195 0.2130 0.1065
(
55 1.1678 1.0616 0.9555 0,8493 0.7431 0.6370 0.5308 0.4247 0.3185 0.2123 0.1062
56 1.1642 1.0584 0.9526 0.8467 0.7409 0.6350 0.5292 0.4234 0.3175 0.2117 0.1058
57 1.1607 1.0552 0.9497 0.8442 0.7386 0.6331 0.5276 0.4221 0.3166 0.2110 0.1055
58 1.1572 1.0520 0.9468 0.8416 0.7364 0.6312 0.5260 0.4208 0.3156 0.2104 0.1052
59 1.1537 1.0488 0.9440 0.8391 0.7342 0.6293 0.5244 0.4195 0.3147 0.2098 0.1049 (
60 1.1503 1.0457 0.9411 0.8366 0.7320 0.6274 0.5228 0.4183 0.3137 0.2091 0.1046
61 1.1468 1.0426 0.9383 0.8340 0.7298 0.6255 0.5213 0.4170 0.3128 0.2085 0.1043
62 1.1434 1.0394 0.9355 0.8316 0.7276 0.6237 0.5197 0.4158 0.3118 0.2079 0.1039
63 1.1400 1.0364 0.9327 0.8291 0.7255 0.6218 0.5182 0.4145 0.3109 0.2073 0.1036
64 1.1366 1.0333 0.9300 0.8266 0.7233 0.6200 0.5166 0.4133 0.3100 0.2067 0.1033
65 1.1333 1.0302 0.9272 0.8242 0.7212 0.6181 0.5151 0.4121 0.3091 0.2060 0.1030
66 1.1299 1.0272 0.9245 0.8218 0.7190 0.6163 0.5136 0.4109 0.3082 0.2054 0.1027
67 1.1266 1.0242 0.9218 0.8193 0.7169 0.6145 0.5121 0.4097 0.3073 0.2048 0.1024 (
68 1.1233 1.0212 0.9191 0.8169 0.7148 0.6127 0.5106 0.4085 0.3064 0.2042 0.1021
69 1.1200 1.0182 0.9164 0.8146 0.7127 0.6109 0.5091 0.4073 0.3055 0.2036 0.1018
70 1.1167 1.0152 0.9137 0.8122 0.7107 0.6091 0.5076 0.4061 0.3046 0.2030 0.1015
71 1.1135 1.0123 0.9110 0.8098 0.7086 0.6074 0.5061 0.4049 0.3037 0.2025 0.1012 (
72 1.1103 1.0093 0.9084 0.8075 0.7065 0.6056 0.5047 0.4037 0.3028 0.2019 0.1009
73 1.1071 1.0064 0.9058 0.8051 0.7045 0.6039 0.5032 0.4026 0.3019 0.2013 0.1006
74 1.1039 1.0035 0.9032 0.8028 0.7025 0.6021 0.5018 0.4014 0.3011 0.2007 0.1004
75 1.1007 1.0006 0.9006 0.8005 0.7004 0.6004 0.5003 0.4003 0.3002 0.2001 0.1001 (
76 1.0976 0.9978 0.8980 0.7982 0.6984 0.5987 0.4989 0.3991 0.2993 0.1996 0.0998
77 1.0944 0.9949 0.8954 0.7959 0.6965 0.5970 0.4975 0.3980 0.2985 0.1990 0.0995
78 1.0913 0.9921 0.8929 0.7937 0.6945 0.5953 0.4960 0.3968 0.2976 0.1984 0.0992
79 1.0882 0.9893 0.8904 0.7914 D:6925 0.5936 0.4946 0.3957 0.2968 0.1979 0.0989 (
80 1.0851 0.9865 0.8878 0.7892 0.6905 0.5919 0.4932 0.3946 0.2959 0.1973 0.0986
81 1.0821 0.9837 0.8853 0.7870 0.6886 0.5902 0.4918 0.3935 0.2951 0.1967 0.0984
82 1.0790 0.9809 0.8828 0.7847 0.6866 0.5886 0.4905 0.3924 0.2943 0.1962 0.0981
83 1.0760 0.9782 0.8804 0.7825 0.6847 0.5869 0.4891 0.3913 0.2935 0.1956 0.0978
84 1.0730 0.9754 0.8779 0.7803 0.6828 0.5853 0.4877 0.3902 0.2926 0.1951 0.0975
85 1.0700 0.9727 0.8754 0.7782 0.6809 0.5836 0.4864 0.3891 0.2918 0.1945 0.0973
86 1.0670 0.9700 0.8730 0.7760 0.6790 0.5820 0.4850 0.3880 0.2910 0.1940 0.0970
87 1.0640 0.9673 0.8706 0.7738 0.6771 0.5804 0.4836 0.3869 0.2902 0.1935 0.0967
88 1.0611 0.9646 0.8682 0.7717 0;6752 0.5788 0.4823 0.3858 0.2894 0.1929 0.0965
89 1.0582 0.9620 0.8658 0.7696 0.6734 0.5772 0.4810 0.3848 0.2886 0.1924 0.0962
90 1.0552 0.9593 0.8634 0.7674 0.6715 0.5756 0.4797 0.3837 0.2878 0.1919 0.0959
91 1.0523 0.9567 0.8610 0.7653 0.6697 0.5740 0.4783 0.3827 0.2870 0;1913 0.0957 (
92 1.0495 0.9541 0.8587 0.7632 0.6678 0.5724 0.4770 0.3816 0.2862 0;1908 0.0954
93 1.0466 0.9514 0.8563 0.7612 0.66600.5709 0.4757 0.3806 0.2854 0.1903 0.0951
94 1.0437 0.9489 0.8540 0.7591 0.6642 0.5693 0.4744 0.3795 0.2847 0.1898 0.0949
95 1.0409 0.9463 0.8517 0.7570 0.6624 0.5678 0.4731 0.3785 0.2839 0.1893 0.0946 (
96 1.0381 0.9437 0.8493 0.7550 0.6606 0.5662 0.4719 0.3775 0.2831 0.1887 0.0944
9'1 1.0353 0.9412 0.8471 0.7529 0.6588 0.5647 0.4706 0.3765 0.2824 0;1882 0.0941
98 1.0325 0.9386 0.8448 0.7509 0.6570 0.5632 0.4693 0.3755 0.2816 0.1877 0.0939
99 1.0297 0.9361 0.8425 0.7489 0.6553 0.5617 0.4681 0.3744 0.2808 0.1872 0.0936
(
100 1.02'10 0.9336 0.8402 0.7469 0.6535 0.5602 0.4668 0.3734 0.2801 0.1867 0.0934

(
rv.196S
 TABLE 4.12 - 5

Table 4.12.2 Compressibility factor of moist air

Facteur de compressibilite de I'air humide
Dry air Moist air.
Air sec Air humide

Pressure Pressure Tempe. Relative humidity

Humidite relaliv~ %
Pression Temperature Pression rature ,
mb ·C mb ·C 0 25 50 75 100
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 -100 0.9988 300 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
700 0.9972 700 0 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996
1100 0.9956 1100 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9993 0.9993
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 0.9990 300 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
700 -90 0.9977 700 10 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996
1100 0.9964 1100 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 -SO 0.9992 300 20 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
700 0.9981 700 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996
1100 0.9970 1100 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 - 70 0.9993 300 30 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996
700 0.9984 700 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996
1100 0.9975 1100 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 -60 0.9994 300 40 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9992
700 0.9987 700 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9994
1100 0.9979 1100 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
JOO 0.9995 300 50 0.9999
700 - 50 0.9989 700 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9993 0.9990
1100 0.9983 1100' 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9992
0 1.0000 0 1.0000
300 - 40 0.9996 300 60 1.0000
700 0.9991 700 0.9999 0.9997 0.9996 0.998& 0.9982
1100 0.9986 1100 0.9999 0.9997 0.9996 0.9991 0.9987
0 1.0000
300 - 30 0.9997
700 0.9993
1100 0.9988
0 1.0000
300 - 20 0.9997
700 0.9994
1100 0.9990
0 1.0000
300 - 10 0.9998
700 0.9995
1100 0.9992

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 1

Table 4.13 Relations between mixing ratio, thermodynamic dew-point

temperature and thermodynamic frost-point temperature
Relations entre le rapport de melange, la temperature thermo-
dynamique du point de rosee et la temperature thermodyna-
mique du point de gelee

td: thermodynamic dew-point temperature - temperature thermodynamique du point de

rosee, oC
tf: thermodynamic frost-point temperature - temperature thermodynamique du point de
gelee, oC
r: mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg-1
p: pressure - pression, mb

Saturation mixing ratio tables are obtained by using Table 4.13 as follows:
Table 4.13.1 Temperature of moist air saturated with respect to water as a
function of mixing ratio and pressure
Table 4.13.2 Mixing ratio of moist air saturated with respect to water as a
function of temperature and pressure
Table 4.13.3 Temperature of moist air saturated with respect to ice as a
function of mixing ratio and pressure
Table 4.13.4 Mixing ratio of moist air saturated with respect to ice as a func-
tion of temperature and pressure

Les tables du rapport de melange de saturation s'obtiennent en utilisant la table 4.13

comme suit:
Table 4.13.1 Temperature de l'air humide sature par rapport a l' eau en fonction
du rapport de melange et de la pression
Table 4.13.2 Rapport de melange de t' air humide sature par rapport a l' eau en
lonction de la temperature et de la pression
Table 4.13.3 Temperature de l'air humide sature par rapport a la glace en lonc-
tion du rapport de melange et de la pression
Table 4.13.4 Rapport de melange de l'air humide sature pur rapport a la glace
en ionction de la temperature et de la pression

IV.196B
 TABLE 4.13 - 2 (

Table 4.13.1 Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of mixing ratio

and pressure (
Temperature thermodynamique du point de rosee en fonction du rap-
port de melange et de la pression
(
P. rob
r 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
gkg-1 'd. ·0 td'OO 'd. ·0 'd' °0 td'OC 'd' °0 'd. ·0 'd1 °0 'd. ·0 'd. ·0

-49.95
(
0.04 -49. 54
0.05 -47.56 -47.98 -4B.44 -48. 91 -49.42 -49.94
0.06 -45.91 -46.35 -46.81 -47.30 -47.80 -4B.34 -4B.91 -49. 52
0.07 -44.50 -44.94 -45.41 -45.90 -46.42 -46. 96 -47. 54 -48. 15 -48.81 -49.51
O. OB
O. :19
-43. 26
-42. 15
-43. 71
-42.61
-44. 1B
-43. OB
-44.6&
-43.59
-45.20
-44.11
-45. 15
-44.68
-46.34
-45.27
-46.95
-45.89
-47.62
-46.57
-48. B
-47.28
(
0.10 -41. 15 -41.62 -42.09 -42.61 -43.13 -43.70 -44.30 -44.92 -45.61 -46. B

0.11 -40.24 -40.71 -41.19 -41. 71 -42.24 -42. &1 -43. 41 -44.04 -44.73 -45.47
0.12
0.13
-39.40
-3B.62
-39.87
-39•. 09
-40.36
-39. 59
-40. B7
-40. 10
-41.42
-40.66
-41.9B
-41.23
-42.60
-41.84
-43.24
-42,49
-43.92
-43. 18
-44.67
-43.92
(
0.14 -37. B9 - 38. 37 -38.87 -39. 39 -39.94 .. 40.53 -41. 13 -41.79 -42.49 -43.24
0.15 -37.21 -37.69 -38. 19 -38.72 -39.27 -39.86 -40.48 -41. 13 -41.83 -42.59
0.16 -36.57 -37.05 -37. 56 -3B. OB -3B.65 -39.23 -39.85 -40.52 -41.22 -41. ~7
0.17 -35.96 -36.45 -36.95 -37.49 -38.05 -38. 65 -39. 27 -39.93 -40.65 -41.41
0.18 -35.31 -35.88 -36.39 -36.92 -37.49 -38.08 -38.71 -39.3B -40.09 -40.86 (
0.19 -34.84 -35.34 -35.8"5 -36.39 -36.95 -37.55 -38. 1 B -38.85 -39.58 -40.35
0.20 -34. 33 -34.82 -35.33 -35.87 -36.45 -37.04 -37. loB -38. 36 -39.07 -39.85

0.21
0.22
-33. B2
-33.35
-34.32
-33. 85
-34.84
-34.37
-35. 39
-34. 91
-35.95
-35.49
-36.56
-36.09
-37.20
-36. 74
-37.87
-37.42
-38.60
-38.14
-39.38
-38.92
(
0.23 -32. B'l -B. 39 -33.91 -34.47 . -35.03 -35.65 -36. 29 -36.97 -37.71 -38.49
0.24 -32.45 -32.95 -33.48 -34.02 -34.61 -35. 22 -35.86 -36.56 -37.29 -38.07
0.25 -32.02 -32.54 -33.05 ~33. 62 -34.19 -34.81 -35.46 -36.14 -36.88 -37.67
0.26 -31.62 -32.12 -32.66 -33.21 -33.79 -34.41 -35.06 -35.75 -36.50 -37.29
0.27 -31.22 -31.73 -32.26 -32. B2 -33.41 -34.02 -34.68 -35. 38 -36.11 -36.91 (
0.28 -30.84 -31.35 -31.88 -32.45 -33.03 -33.66 -34.31 -35.00 -35.75 -36.55
0.29 -30.48 -30.98 -31.52 -32.08 -32.67 -33. 29 -33.95 -34.65 -35.40 -36.20
0.30 -30. 11 -30.63 -31.16 -31.73 -32.32 -32.94 -33.61 -34. 31 -35. C5 -35.86

0.31 -29.77 -30.20 -30.82 -31. 39 -31.97 -32.61 -33.27 -33.97 -34.73 -35.53 (
0.32 -29.43 -29.94 -30.49 -31. 05 -31.65 -32.28 -32.94 -B.65 -34.40 -35.21
0.33 -29.10 -29.62 -30. 16 -30.73 -31.33 -31.95 -32.63 -33.B -34.08 -34.90
0.34 -28.78 -29.30 -29.84 -30.42· -31.01 -31.65 -32.32 -33.02 -33.78 -34.60
0.35 -28.47 -28.99 -29.54 -30.11 -30.71 -31. 35 -32. 01 -32.73 -33.49 -34.30
0.36 -28. 17 -28.69 -29.24 -29. Bl -30.41 -31.04 -31.72 -32.'04 -33.20 -34.01 (
0.37 -27.87 -2B.40 -28.94 -29. 52 -30.12 -30. 76 -31.44 -32. 15 -32.91 -33.74
0.3B -l7.59 -28.11 -28.66 -29. 23 -29.84 -30.48 -31. 15 -31.87 -32.64 -33. 47
0.39 -27.30 -27.83 -28.38 -28.95 ~29. 57 -30.20 -30. BB -31.61 -32.37 -33.20
0.40 -27.02 -27.56 -28. 10 -28.69 -29.30 -29.93 -30.62 -31.34 -32.11 -32.93
(
0.41 -26.76 -27.29 -27.84 -28.42 -29.02 -29.68 -30.36 -31.08 -31.85 '-32.68
0.42 -26.50 -27.02 -27.58 -28. 16 -28.77 -29.42 -30. 10 -30.83 -31.60 -32.43
0.43 -26.24 -26.77 -27.33 -27.90 -28.52 -29. 17 -29.85 -30.58 -31.36 -32.19
0.44 -25.98 -26.52 -27.07 -27.66 -28.27 -28.92 -29.61 -30.34 -31.11 -31.94
0.45
0.46
-25.74
-25.50
-26.27
-26.02
-26.83
-26.59
-27.42
-27.18
-26.03
-27.79
-28.68
-28.45
-29.37
-29.13
-30. 10
-29.86
-30.88
-30.65
-31.72
-31.49
(
0.47 -25.26 -25.79 -26.36 -26.94 -27.56 -28.21 -28.90 -29.64 -30.42 -31.26
0.48 -25.02 -25.56 -26. 12 -26.72 -27.34 -27.98 -2B.68 -29.42 -30.20 -31.03
0.49 -24.80 -25.34 -25.89 -26.49 -27.11 -27.77 -~8. 46 -29. 19 -29.97 -30. B2
(
0.5 -24.57 -25.11 -25.68 -26.27 -26.89 -27.55 -28. 24 -28.97 -29.77 -30.6i
0.6 -22.53 -23.07 -23.65 -24.25 -24.88 -25.56 -26.26 -27.01 -27.81 -28.68
0.7 -20.76 -21.32 -21.90 -22. 52 -23.16 -23.84 -24.56 -25.32 -26.13 -27.00
0.8 -19.21 -19.78 -20.37 -20.99 -21.65 -22.34 -23.06 -23.84 -24.66 -25.55
0.9 -17.83 -18.41 -19.00 -19. 63 -20.2.9 -20•.98 -21.73 -22.51 -23.35 -24.24 (

(
IV,1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 3

p, mb
r 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 500
g kg-1 'd. °0 'd' °0 'd. °0 'd' °0 'd. °0 'd. °0 'd. °0 'd. °0 'd. °0 'd. °0
1.0 ~16. 5B -17.1.6 -17.17 -lB.40 -19.06 -19.17 -20.52 -21. 31 -22.15 -23.05
1.1 -15.44 -16.01 -16.64 -17.2B -17.95 -lB. 66 -19.42 -20.21 -21.06 -21.97
1.2 -14.3B -14.97 -15.59 -16.24 -16.92 ~17. 64 -lB.40 -19.20 -20.06 -20.98
1. 3 -13.41 -13.99 -14.63 -15.28 -15.96 -16.69 -17.45 -18.27 -19.13 -20.06
1.4 -12.49 -13.09 -13.72 -14.38 -15.07 -15. BO -16. 57 -17. 39 -18.26 -19.20
1.5 -11.64 -12. 24 -12. B7 -13.54 -14.23 -14.96 -15.75 -16.57 -17.45 -18.40
1.6 -10. B3 -11.44 -12.07 -12.74 -13.45 -14.1B -14.96 -15.80 -16.69 -17.64
1. 7 -10.06 -10. 68 -11. 32 -11.99 -12.70 -13.45 -14.23 -15.06 -15.95 -16.91
1. B -9.34 -9.96 -10.61 -11. 28 -11.99 -12.7.4 -13.54 -14.3B -15.27 -16.23
1.9 -B. 66 -9.28 -9.92 -10.61 -11.32 -12.07 -12.87 -13.72 -14.62 -15.59

2.0 -7.99 -8.62 -9.28 -9.95 -10.68 -11.44 -12.24 -13.08 -13.99 -14.96
2.1 -7.37 -7.99 -8.66 -9.34 -10.06 -10. B2 -11.63 -12.49 -13.4C -110.38
2.2 -6.17 -7.40 -8.05 -B.75 -9.4B -10. 24 -11.05 -11. 91 -'12.83 -13.81
2.3 -6.19 -6. B2 -7.49 -8.1B -8.91 -9.68 -10.50 -11.36 -12.28 -13.27
2.4 -5.64 -6.27 -6. Q3 -7.64 -B.37 -9.14 -9.95 -10.83 -11.75 -12.74
2.5 -5. 10 -5.74 -6.41 -7.11 -7. B4 -B. 62 -9.44 -10.32 -11. 24 -12.24
2.6 -4.59 -5.23 -5.90 -6.60 -7.34 -B.12 -B. 94 -9.82 -10.75 -11.75
2.7 -4.08 -4.73 -5.41 ~6. 11 -6. B5 -7.64 -8.47 -9.34 -10.28 -11.28
2.8 -3.60 -4.25 -4.92 -5.64 -6.38 -7.17 -7. '19 -B. B8 -9. B2 -10.83
2.9 -3.13 -3.7B -4.47 -5.1B -5.92 -6.71 -7.55 -8.44 -9.38 -10.39

3.0 -2.68 -3.33 -4.01 -4.73 -5.4'1 -6.27 -7.11 -7.99 -8.94 -9.96
3.1 -2.24 -2.89 -3.5B -4.30 -5.05 -5. B5 -6.69 -7.58 -8.53 -9.55
3.2 -1.81 -2.47 -3.16 -3.88 -4.64 -5.43 -6.28 -7.17 -B. 12 -9.15
3.3 -1.40 -2.05 -2.75 -3.47 -4.23 -5.02 -5. B7 -6.17 -7.73 -8.76
3.4 -C. 99 -1.66 -? 35 -3.07 -3.83 -4.64 -5.49 -6.39 -7.3S -8.38
3.5 -0.60 -1.26 -1.95 -2.69 -3.45 -4.25 -5.10 -6. 00 -6.97 -8.0C
3.6 -0.21 -0. BB -1.5B -2.31 -3.07 -3. BB .,.4.71t -5.64 -6.61 -7.65
3.7 0.16 -0.51 -1.21 -1.93 -2.71 -3.52 ~4. 38 -5.28 -6.25 -7.29
3. B 0.52 -0.14 -0. B4 -1.58 -2.35 -3.16 -4.02 -4.93 -5.90 -6.94
3.9 0.89 0.21 -0.49 -1.23 -2.00 -2.82 -3.6B -4.59 -5.57 -6.61

4.0 1.23 0.56 -0.14 -0. BB -1.66 -2.4.B -3.34 -4.26 -5.24 -6.29
4.1 1.57 0.90 O. 19 -0.55 -1.33 -2.14 -3.01 -3.93 -4.91 -5.96
4.2 1.91 1.23 0.52 -0.22 -0.99 -1.82 -2.69 -3.62 -4.60 -5.65
4.3 2.24 1.56 O. B5 0.10 -0.6B -1.51 -2.3B -3.30 -It. 29 -5.34
4.4 2.56 1.88 1. 16 0.41 -0.31 -1.19 -2.06 -2.99 -3.98 -5.04
4.5 2.87 2.19 1.47 0.72 -0.06 -0.89 -1.77 -2.70 -3.69 -4.75
4.6 3. 1B 2.49 1.78 1.03 0.24 -0.59 -1.47 -2.40 -3.40 -4.46
4.7 3.48 2.80 2. OB 1.32 0.53 -0.30 -1.1B -2.11 -3.11 -4.17
4. B 3.70 3.09 2.37 1.61 0.82 -0.01 -0.89 -1.83 -2.83 -3.89
4.9 4.07 3.38 2.65 1.90 1.11 0.27 -0.62 -1.55 -2.55 -3.62

5. 4.35 3.66 2.94 2. 18 1~ 38 0.55 -0.34 -1.28 -2.28 -3.36

6. 6.96 6.25 5.51 4.74 3.93 3.08 2.17 1. 21 O. 19 -0.91
7. 9.20 8.4B 7.73 6.95 6.12 5.24 4.32 3.35 2.30 1.19
B. 11.17 10.44 9.68 8. BB B.04 7.16 6.22 5.23 4.17 3.04
9. 12.94 12.20 11.42 10.61 9.76 B. B6 7.92 6.91 5.84 It. 69
10. 14.53 13.7B 13.00 12. 1B 11.31 10.40 9.44 B.43 7.34 6.18

11. 15.99 15.23 14.44 13.61 12. 74 11.82 10. B5 9.82 8.72 7.51t
12. 17.3) 16.56 15.76 14.93 14.05 13. 12 12. 14 11. "to 9.99 8. BD
13. lB. 53 17. B1 17.00 16. 15 15.26 14.32 13.33 12.28 11.17 9.97
14. 19.74 1B.97 18. 15 17.29 16.39 15.45 14.45 13.39 12.26 11. C6
15. 20.8) 20.05 19.22 1 B. 36 17.45 16.50 15.49 14.43 13.29 12.08
16. 21.86 21.07 20.24 19.37 18.45 17.49 16.48 15. ItO 14.26 13.04
17. 22. B) 22.04 21.20 20.32 19.40 18.43 17.41 16.33 15. 18 13.94
18. 23.75 22.95 22. 11 21.22 20.30 19.32 18.29 17.20 16.05 H.80
19. 24.63 23.82 22.97 22. OB 21. 15 20.17 19. 14 18.04 16.87 15. 61
20. 25.46 24.64 23.79 22.90 21.97 20.98 19.94 18.83 17.65 16.39

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 4 (
p, mb
r
gkg-1
1050
'd, ·0
1000
'd' ·0
950 900 850 800
'd, ·0
750
'd, ·0
700 650
'd, ·0
500
'd, ·0
(
'd' ·0 'd' ·0 'd' ·0 'd' ·0
21. 26.26 25.44 24.58 23.68 22.74 21.75 20.70 19.58 18.40 11.14
22. 27.03 26.20 25.33 24.43 23.48 22.48 21.43 20.31 19.12 17.85
23. 27.75 26. <)3 25.15 24.20 23. 19 22.13 -21.01 19.81 18.53
24. 28.46 27.62
26. Ob
260 75 25.84 24.88 23.87 22.81 21.67 20.47 19.19 (
25. 29.14 28.30 27.42 26.50 25.54 24.52 23.45 22.32 21.11 19.82
26. 29.n 28.95 28.07 27.15 26.18 25.16 24.08 22.94 21.73 20.42
27. 30.42 29.57 28.69 27.76 26.79 25.77 24.68 23.54 22.32 21.02
28. 31.03 30. 18 29.29 28.36 27.38 26.35 25.27 24.12 22.89 21.58
29.
30.
31.62
32.19
30.71
31.33
29.88
30.44
28.94
29.50
27.96
28.51
26.93
27.47
25.83
26.38
24.68
25.22
23.45
23.99
22.13
22.66
(
31. 32.75 31.89 30.99 3e.05 29. Ob 28.02 26.91 25.75 24.50 23.18
32. 33.28 32.42 31.51 30.57 29.57 28.53 27.43 26.26 25.02 23.68
-33. 33.81 32.94
33.44
32.04 31.08 30.09
30.58
29.04
29. ~2
27.93
28.41
26.75
21.24
25.5C
25.98
24.17
24.64
(
H. 34.32 32.53 31.58
35. 34.81 33.94 33.03 32.07 31.06 30.01 28.89 27.70 26.44 25.10
36. 35.29 34.41 33.49 32.53 :n.53 30.47 29.35 28.16 260 90 25.54
37. 35.16 34. Be 33.96 33.00 31.99 30.92 29.80 28.60 27.34 25.99
38.
39.
36.22
36.67
35.33
35.78
34.41
34.85
33.44
33.88
32.43
32.8-7
31.36
31.79
30.24
30.66
29.04
29.46
27.-77
28.19
26.41
260 82
(
40. H.l0 36.21 35.28 34.31 33.2'J 32.21 31.08 29.88 28.60 27.23

41. 37.53 36.63 35.70 34.73 33.'70 32.62 31.49 30.28 2e;. cc 27.62
42. H.95 37.05 36.12 35.14 34.11 33.03 31.89 30.68 29.39 28.02 (
43. 38.35 37.45 36.51 35.53 34.50 33.42 32.27 31.07 29.77 28.39
44. 3a.75 37.85 36.91 35.93 34.89 33.80 32.65 31.44 30.15 28.76
45. 39.14 38.24 37.29 36.31 35.27 34. 18 33.03 31.81 30.51 29.12
46. 39.52 311.62 37.67 36.68 35.64 34.55 33.39 12.17 30.87 29.47
41.
48.
39. gO
40.21>
38. ')')
3').35
38.04
38.40
37.05
31.41
36.01
36.36
34.91
35.26
33.75
H.ll
32.52
32.88
31.22
31.56
29.82
30.17
(
49. loG. 62 39.71 38.76 37.76 36.71 35.61 34. It4 33.21 31.90 30. 50

50. ItO. ')8 40.06 39.11 3B.11 37.06 35.95 34.78 33.55 32.23 30.83
60. 44.18 43.24 42.26 Itl.24 40.17 39.04 37. e4 36.58 35.23 33.79 (
70. 46.90 45.95 44.95 43.91 42.81 41. b6 40.44 39.15 37.78 36.32
80. 49.27 loB. 30 47.2d 46.22 45.11 43. '14 42.70 41.39 40~ 00 38.51
90. 51.36 ~O. 37 49.34 48.21 47.14 45.95 44.70 43. )7 41.96 ItO.44
100. 53.23 52.23 51.19 50.10 48.9b 47.75 46.48 45.14 43.70 42.18
(

{,

(
IV. 1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 5

p, rob
r 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
gkg-1 tdt °0 td' °0 td' °0 td'OC Id' °0 tdt °C tdt °0 td t °0 Id' °0 tdt °C

0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08 -49.09 -49.93
0.09 -48.05 -48.89 -49.82
0.10 -47.11 -47.96 -48.89 -49.92

0.11 -410.25 -47. 11 -48.04 -49.09

0.12 -45. lob -410.33 -47.27 -48.32 -49.50
0.13 -44.73 -45.60 -46.56 -47.101 -48.79
0.14 -44.04 -44.91 -45. 88 -46.94 -48.13 -49. 50
0.15 -43.40 -44. 28 -45. 25 -410.32 -47.52 -48.88
0.16 -42.80 -43. 109 -44.66 -45.74 -46.94 -48.32 -49. 91
0.17 -42. 23 -43.12 -44. 09 -45. 18 -410.40 -47.78 -49.39
0.18 -41.69 -42.59 -43. 57 -44.610 -45. 87 -47.27 -48.88
0.19 -41.17 -42.07 -43.06 -44.15 -45.39 -46.78 -48.41
0.20 -40.69 -41.59 -42. 59 -43.68 -44.91 -46. 32 -47.95 -49.91

0.21 -40.21 -41. 12 -42. 12 -43. 23 -44.47 -45.87 -47.52 -49.49

0.22 -39.77 -40.68 -41.108 -42. 19 -44.03 -45.45 -47.09 -49. 08
0.23 -39.34 -40. 25 -41.26 -42.38 -43.62 -45.04 -46.70 -48.69
0.24 -38.92 -39. 84 -40.85 -41.96 -43.22 -44.105 -46.32 -48. 31
0.25 -38. 53 -39.45 -40.47 -41.59 -42.84 -44.28 -45.94 -47.94
0.26 -38. 14 -39.06 -40. 08 -41. 21 -42.48 -43.91 -45. 59 -47.60
0.27 -37.77 -38.70 -39.72 -40. 85 -42. 11 -43. 57 -45.24 -47. 26 -49.81
0.28 -37.41 -38.35 -39.31 -40. 51 -41.77 -43.22 -44.90 -46.93 -49.49
0.29 -37. Ob -31.99 -39. 02 -40.16 -41.44 -42.89 -44. 59 -46.62 -49. 18
0.30 -36.73 -37.107 -38.70 -39.84 -41. 12 -42.58 -44.27 -46.31 -48.88

0.31 -36.40 -37.35 -38.38 -39.53 -40.80 -42.27 -43.910 -410.01 -48. loO
0.32 -310.08 -37.02 -38.06 -39.21 -40.51 -41.910 -43.108 -45.73 -48.31
0.33 -35.77 -310.73 -37.710 -38.91 -40.21 -41.108 -43. 39 -45.45 -48.03
0.34 -35.48 -310.43 -37.47 -38.103 -39.91 -41.40 -43. 11 -45. 17 -47.77
0.35 -35.18 -36. 13 -37.18 -38. 34 -39. b4 -41. 11 -42. 84 -44.90 -47.52
0.310 -34.89 -35.85 -36.90 -38.06 -39.37 -40.85 -42. 58 -44. 105 -47.26
0.37 -34.102 -35.58 -36. 103 -37.80 -39.10 -40.59 -42.32 -44. 40 -41.01
0.38 -34.35 -35.31 -36. 37 -37.54 -38.84 -40.33 -42. Ob -44.15 -'of:. 77
0.39 -34.08 -35.04 -36.10 -37.28 -38.59 -40.08 -41. 82 -43.90 -410.54
0.40 -33.82 -34.79 -35.85 -31.02 -38.34 -39.8" -41.58 -43. 108 -46.31 -49.91

0.41 -33. 58 -34.55 -35. 101 -310.78 -38.09 -39. loO -41.35 -"3.45 -"10.08 -49.7e
0.42 -33.33 -3".30 -35.37 -310.5" -37.810 -39.37 -41. 11 -43.22 -45.87 -"9. "9
0.43 -33.08 -34.05 -35. 12 -310.31 -37.63 -39.13 -40. 89 -42.99 -45.66 -"9.28
0.44 -32.85 -33.82 -34.89 -310.07 -37.41 -38.91 -40.67 -42. 78 -45.45 -49.07
0.45 -32.102 -33. loO -34.107 -35.85 -37.18 -38. 10 -40. lob -42.58 -45. 24 -48.88
O. lob -32.39 -33.37 -34.45 -35.103 -310.910 -38.48 -40.25 -42. 37 -45.03 -48. 69
0.47 -32.16 -33. 15 - 34. 22 -35.42 -36.75 -38.27 -40.03 -42. 16 -44.84 -48.50
0.48 -31.94 -32.93 -34.00 -35.20 -36.54 -38.06 -39.83 -41.96 -44.65 -48.31
0.49 -31.73 -32.72 -33.80 -34.99 -310.34 -37.86 -39.64 -41.77 -44.46 -48.12

0.5 -31.52 -32.51 -33.60 -34.79 -36.13 -37.66 -39.44 -41.58 -44. 27 -47.94
0.6 -29.60 -30.101 -31.71 -32.92 -34.29 -35. 85 -37.66 -39. 83 -42. 58 -46.31
0.7 -21.94 -28.97 -30.09 -31. 33 -32.72 -34.29 -310.13 -38. 34 -41. 11 -44.90
0.8 -210.50 -27.54 -28.107 -29. 92 -31.33 -32.92 -34.79 -37.01 -39.83 -43. 108
0.9 -25. 20 -210.25 -27.40 -28.101 -30.08 -31.71 -33.59 -35. 85 -38.109 -42. 58

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 6
(
P. mb
T
g kg-l
550 500
td'OC
450 400
td'OC
350 300 250 200
td'OC
150 100 (
td' °0 Id' °0 Id' °0 td' °0 'd' °0 td'OC 'd' °0
1.0 -24.03 -25.09 -26.25 -27. 54 -2B.96 -30.61 -32.51 -34. 79 -37.66 -41.58
1. 1 -22.96 -24.03 -25.20 -26. 50 -27.94 -29.60 -31.52 -33. B2 -36.72 -40.68
1.2
1.3
-21.97
-21.06
-23. 05
-22. 15
-24.24
-23.34
-25. 55
-24.66
-27.00
-26.13
-2B.67
-27.81
-30.61
-29.76
-32.92
-32.10
-35.85
-35.04
-39.84
-39.06 (
1.4 -20.21 -21.31 -22.51 -23. 63 -25.32 -27.00 -2B.97 -31. 33 -34.30 -3B.35
1. 5 -19.41 -20. 52 -21.72 -23.05 -24.55 -26.25 -2B.23 -30.61 -33.60 -37.67
1.6 -lB.66 -19.77 -20.9B -22•.H -23.83 -25.55 -27.54 -29.92 -32.93 -37.02
1.7 -17.94 -19. 06 -20.29 -21.64 -23. 15 -24. B7 -26. BB -29.2B -32.31 -36. 43
1. B
1.9
-17. 27
-16. 63
-lB. 40
-17.76
-19. 63
-18. 99
-20.96
-20. 36
-22. 51
-21. B9
-24. 24
-23.64
-26.26
-25.67
-2B.68
-2B.09
-31.71
-31.15
-35.86
-35.32
(
2.0 -16.01 -17. 15 -lB.40 -19.77 -21. 31 -23.06 -25.09 -27.54 -30.61 -34.80
2.1
2.2
-15.43
-14.87
-16. 57
-16.01
-17. B2
-17.27
-19.20
-18.66
-20.75
-20.21
-22.51
~21. 98
-24.56
-24.03
-27.01
-26. 51
-30.09
-29.61
-34.31
-33. B3 (
2.3 -14. 33 -15.4B -16.75 -18. 14 -19.70 -21.48 -23.55 -26.01 -29.13 -33.3B
2.4 -13. B1 -14.96 -16.24 -17.64 -19.21 -20. 9B -23.06 -25. 56 ~28. 68 -32.94
2. S -13.31 -14.48 -15.75 -17. 15 -lB. 73 -20.52 -22. 61 -25.10 -28.24 -32.53
2.6 -12. B3 -13.99 -15.28 -lb.69 -18.27 -20.07 -22. 16 -24.67 -27.82 -32.11
2.7
2. B
-12.37
-11.91
-13.54
-13.09
-14. B2
-14. 38
-16.24
-15. BO
-17.83
-17.40
-19.64
-19.21
-21.73
-21.32
-24.25
-23.84
-27.42
-27.01
-31.73
-31.35
(
2.9 -11.48 -12.66 -13.95 -15.39 -16.96 -18. BD -20.91 -23. 46 -26.64 -30.98

3.0 -11.05 -12.24 -13.54 -H. 97 -16.5B -18.41 -20.53 -23.07 -26.27 -30.63
3.1 -10.65 -11.84 -13. 14 -14.58 -16.19 -lB. 02 -20. 15 -22.71 -25.91 -30.28 (
3.2 -10.25 -11.45 -12.75 -14.19 -15. Bl -17.65 -19.7B -22. 35 -25.57 -29.94
3.3 -9. Bb -11. U6 -12.37 -13.82 -15.44 -17.29 -19.43 -21. 99 -25.23 -29.63
3.4 -9.49 -10.69 -12.00 -13.46 -15. OB -16.93 -19. OB -21.66 -24. B9 -29.31
3.5 -9.11 -10. 33 -11.65 -13.10 -14. 73 -16.59 -lB. 74 -21.33 -24.5B -2B.99
3.6
3.7
-B. 76
-B.41
-9: 96
-9.63
-11. 29
-10.95
-12.76
-12. 42
-14.39
-14.05
-16.25
-15.92
-lB.42
-lB.09
-21.00
-20.70
-24.26
-23.95
-28.70
-2B.1tl
(
3.8 -8.07 -9.29 -10.62 -12. OB -13.73 -15.61 -17. 7B -20.39 -23.66 -28.12
3.9 -7.74 -B. 95 -10.29 -11.77 -13.42 -15.30 -17.4B -20.09 -23.37 -21.84

4.0
4.1
-7.41
-7.09
-8.64
-8.32
-9.97
-9.67
-11.46
-11.14
-13.10
-12.80
-14.9B
-14.69
-17. 17
-16. BB
-19. Ba
-19.51
-23.08
-22. B1
-21.57
-27.31
(
4.2 -6.76 -8.01 -9.36 -10. B4 -12.51 -14.40 -16.60 -19.23 -22.54 -27.04
4.3 -6.4B -7.71 -9.06 -10.55 -12.22 -14. 11 -16.32 -18.95 -22. 28 -26.79
4.4 -6.1B -7.42 -B. 77 -10.26 -11.93 -13; B3 -16. Oft -lB.69 ,.22.01 -26.5ft
ft. 5
ft. 6
-5. B9
-5.61
-7.13
-6.84
-B. 49
-B. 20
-9.9B
~9. 71
-11.6b
-11.39
-13. 57
-13.30
-15. 78
-15.52
-18. ft3
-lB. 17
-21.76
-21.51
-26.30
-26.05
(
ft. 7 -5.32 -6.57 -7.93 -9.44 -11.11 -13.03 -15.26 -17.92 -21. 27 -25.82
ft. B -5.04 -6.30 -7.66 -9.17 -10. B5 -12.77 -15.00 -17.6B -21.02 -25.59
ft. 9 -ft.7B -6.02 -7. ftO -8.90 -10.60 -12. 52 -14.75 -17. 43 -20.79 -25.37
(
5. -4.51 -5.77 -7.14 -B.65 -10.35 -12.27 -14.51 -17.19 -20~ 56 -25.14
6. -2.09 -3.37 -4.77 -6.32 -B. 04 -10.00 -12.29 -15.02 -lB.46 -23.12
7. -0.00 -1.31 -2. 7ft -4.31 ~6. Ob -B.06 -10.3B -13.16 -16.65 -21. 3~
B. 1. B2 0.50 -0.94 -2.54 -4.33 -6.35 -B. 71 -11.53 -15.05 -19.B6
9.
10.
3.45
4. 9ft
2. 12
3.57
0.65
2. 10
-0.96
0.46
-2.77
-1.37
-4.82
-3.45
-7.21
-5.85
-10.06
-B. 74
-13.64
-12.36
-lB. 51
-17.28 (
11. 6.28 4.91 3.41 1.76 -0. OB -2. IB -4.62 -7.54 -11.19 -16.16
12. 7.52 6.14 4.63 2.96 1. 10 -1.02 -3. 49 -6.43 -10. 12 -15. 13
13.
14.
B.6B
9.75
7.2B
B.34
5.7b
6. Bl
4.07
5.11
2.19
3.21
0.05
1.06
-2.43
-1.45
-5.40
-4.44
-9.12
-B. 19
-14. 1 B
-13.29
(
15. 10.76 9.34 7.79 6. OB 4.17 2.00 -0.53 -3.55 -7.33 -12. ~6
16. 11.71 10.28 B.72 7.00 5.07 2.88 0.34 -2.70 -6.51 -11.6B
17. 12.61 11. 17 9.59 7.86 5.92 3.11 1. 16 -1.90 -5.74 -10.93
lB. 13.46
19. 14.27
12.01
12. 81
10.42
11.21
B.67
9.45
6.72
7.48
4.50
5.25
1.93
2.66
-1.15
-0.43
-5.00
-4.31
-10.24
-9.57 (
20. 15.04 13.57 11.97 10.19 B.22 5.98 3.37 0.25 -3.65 -e. 93

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 7

p, rob
T 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150' 100
gkg-1 td' ·0 td' ·0 td , ·0 td' ·0 td' ·0 td' ·0 td' ·0 td'OC td' ·0 td , ·0

21. 15.71 14.29 12.68 10.90 8.91 6.65 4.04 0.91 -3.01 -8.33
22. 16.47 15.00 13.37 11. 58 9. 58 7.31 4.68 1.53 -2.41 -7.76
23. 17.15 15.66 14.03 12.23 10.22 7.94 5.29 2.13 -1.83 -7.20
24. 17.80 16.30 14.66 12.85 10.83 8.54 5.09 2.71 -1.27 -~. 67
25. 18.42 16.92 15.27 13.45 11. 42 9. 12 6.45 3.26 -0.74 -6.15
26. 19.03 17.51 15.86 14.04 12.00 9.68 7.01 3.79 -0.22 -5.66
27. 19.61 18.09 16.42 14.59 12. 54 10.22 7.53 4.31 0.28 -5.18
28. 20. 17 18.64 16.98 15. 13 13.08 10.74 8.04 4.81 0.76 -4.73
29. 20.71 19.18 17.50 15.65 13.59 11.25 8.53 5.29 1.23 -4.28
30. 21.24 19.70 18.02 Ib.lb 14.09 11.74 9.02 5075 1.67 -3.85

31. 21.75 lO.20 18. 51 16.65 14. 57 12.21 9.47 6.21 2.12 -3.44
32. 22.24 20.69 19.00 17. 13 15.04 12.67 9.93 6.64 2.53 -3.02
33. 22.13 21. 17 19.46 17.59 15.49 13.12 10.36 7.07 2.95 -2.64
34. 23.19 21.63 19.93 18.04 15.94 13.55 10.79 7.48 3.35 -2.25
35. 23.65 22.08 20.36 18.47 16. 36 13.98 11.20 7.89 3.74 -1.88
36. 24.09 22.51 20.80 10.90 16. n 14.38 11.60 8.28 4.12 -1.52
37. 24.52 22.95 21.22 19.32 17. 19 14.78 12.00 8.66 4.48 -1.17
38. 24.95 23.36 21.63 19.72 17.59 15. la 12.37 9.03 4. as -0. a2
39. 25.35 23.76 22.03 20. 12 17. 'la 15. 55 12.75 9.39 5.20 -e.49
40. 25. 16 24.16 22.42 20.50 18.36 l.5. B 13. 11 9.75 5.53 -0.16

41. 26. 15 24.55 22. eo 20.88 19.73 16.29 13.46 10.09 5.87 O. 1~
42. 26.53 24.93 23.18 21.24 19.09 16.64 13.81 10.43 6.20 0.47
43. 26.91 25.30 23.54 21.60 19.44 17. 00 14.15 10.76 6.51 0.77
44. 27.27 25.66 23.90 21.96 19.79 17.33 14.48 11.09 6.83 1.07
45. 27.63 26.02 24.25 2l.30 20.13 17.66 14.01 11.40 7. 14 1.36
46. 27.93 26.36 24.59 22.63 20.46 17.99 15. 13 11.71 7.43 1.65
47. 28.32 26.70 24.93 22.97 20.78 18. 31 15.44 12.02 7.73 1.93
48. 28.66 27.03 25.25 23.29 21.10 18.62 15.74 12. 31 8. e2 2.20
49. 28.99 27.35 25. 57 23.60 21.41 18.93 16. CS 12.60 8.29 2.47

50. 29.31 27.67 25.89 23.92 21. 72 19. 22 16.33 12.89 8.57 2.73
60. 32.25 30.57 28.75 26.73 24.48 21.94 19. CO 15.47 11. C7 5.11
70. 34.74 33.04 31. 18 29.13 26.84 24.25 17.66 13. 19 7.13
80. 36.91 35.19 33.29 31.21 28.83 26.25 19.56 15.03 8.88
90. 38.82 37.07 35. 15 33.04 30.68 2e.02 16.64 10.42
100. 40.53 38. 75 36.81 34.68 32.29 29.5Q 18.09 11.80

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 8
(
Table 4.13.2 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic dew-point temperature
and pressure (
Rapport de melange en fonction de la temperature thermodynamique
du point de rosee et de la pression
(
td p, rob
·0 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
r r r

Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-l (

-50 3.788 3. 976 It.181t 'I. It15 '1.673 It. 96'1 5.29'1 5.670 6.105 6.611
-'19 It. 2'15 'I. '156 It. 689 '1.948 5.238 5.563 5.933 6.355 6.8'12 7.410
-'18 4.752 It. 988 5.2lt9 5.539 5.863 6.228 6.6'12 7.11'1 7.659 8.295
-it7
-'16
5. 3 lit
5.935
5.578
6. 230
5.870
6.556
6.19'1
6. 918
6. 556
7.323
6.96'1
7.779
7. '127
8.296
7.955
8.886
8.565
9.566
9.276
10.361
(
-It5 6.622 6.951 7.315 7.719 8.171 8.679 9.256 9. ~1'i 10.6H 11.560
-'lit 7.380 7.7it7 8.153 8.603 9.106 9.673 10.316 11.0'19 11.896 12.88'1
-'13 8.216 8.625 9.076 9.578 10. 138 10.769 11. '185 12.302 13.2'1'1 1'1.3'15
-'12 9.138 9.592 10.091t 10.652 11.275 11.977 12.773 13.681 1'1.730 15.95"
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-l
-'i1 1.015 1.066 1.121 1.183 1.253 1.331 1.419 1.520 1.636 1.773

-'10 1.127 1.183 1.2lt5 1.313 1.390 1. It77 1.575 1.687 1.816 1.967
-39 1.2lt9
1.381t
1.311
1. It53
1.380 1. It56 1.5'>2
1.708
1.637
1.811t
1.7lt6 1.871 2.01'1 2.181 (
-38 1.529 1.613 1.931t 2. 072 2.231 2. 'i16
-37 1.531 1.607 1.692 1.785 1.890 2.007 2.141 2.293 2.'169 2.67"
-36 1.693 1.777 1.870 1.973 2.089 2.219 2.366 2.535 2.729 2.956
-35 1.870 1.963 2.065 2.180 2.307 2. It51 2.61'1 2.800 3.01'i 3.265
-34
-33
2.063
2.271t
2.166
2.387
2.279
2.512
2. It05
2.652
2.5"6
2.807
2.70"
2.982
2.88"
3.180
3. 089
3. '106
3.326
3.667
3.603
3.972 (
-32 2.505 2.630 2.767 2.920 3.091 3. 28" 3.502 3.752 '1.039 '1.375
-31 2.756 2.891t 3.0lt5 3.21'1 3. '102 3.61'1 3.851t It. 129 '1.'1'15 ".815

-30 3.031 3. 182 3.3"8 3. 53'1 3. HO 3.971t ·It.237 It. 539 '1.887 5. 29'1 (
-29 3.329 3. It95 3.678 3.882 It. 109 It. 365 '1.655 It. 987 5.369 5.816
-28 3.651t 3.836 It. 037 It. 261 ".510 '1.791 5.109 5. It71t 5.893 6.38'1
-27 It. 007 ".207 It. It27 It. 672 '1.9lt6 5. 25'1 5.60lt 6. 003 6. It63 7.001
-26 It. 391 It. 610 It. 851 5.120 5. '>20 5.758 6. HO 6. 578 7.082 7.672
-25
-21t
".807
5.259
5. 047
5.521
5.311
5.810
5.606
6. 132
5.93'1
6. It92
6.30'1
6. 896
6.723
7.355
7.202
7.879
7.755
8.'18"
8. '100
9.190
(
-23 5.7lt9 6.035 6.351 6. 703 7.096 7.538 8.0'10 8.613 9.271t 10.0'16
-22 6.279 6.591 6. 937 7.321· 7.751 8.23" 8.781 9. It08 10. 130 10.973
-21 6.853 7.193 7.571 7.990 8. It59 8.986 9.581t 10.268 11.056 11.977
(
-20 7.H3 7.845 8.256 a. 711t 9.226 9.800 10. It52 11. 198 12.058 13.062
-19 8.1lt3 8.549 8.997 9. '196 10- 051t 10.680 11.391 12.20" 13.1"0 1'1.235
-18 8.867 9.309 9.797 10.3"0 10- 9"8 11.630 12. '10'1 13.289 lit. 310 15.502
-17 9.6lt8 10. 129 10.661 11.252 11.913 12.655 13. It98 1'1. It61 15.572 16. 870
(
Unity - Unite: 1 g kg-I
-16 1.0lt9 1.101 1.159 1. 22~ 1.295 1.376 1. '168 1.572 1.693 1.831t
-15 1.1'10 1.197 1.259 1.329 1. It07 1. It95 1.595 1.709 1.8'10 1.993
-lit 1.238 1.299 1.368 1. It"3 1.528 1.623 1.7ll2 1.855 1.998 2.165
-13
-12
1.343
1. It56
1. 'ti0
1.529
1. '18"
1.609
1.566
1.698
1.658
1.798
1.762
1.910
1.879
2.037
2.013
2.183
2.168
2.351
2.3"9
2.5"7
(
-11 1.578 1.656 1. H3 1.8"0 1.9lt8 2.070 2.208 2.366 2.5'18 2.761

-10
-9
1.708
1.8lt8
1.793
1. 91t1
1.888
2.0lt3
1.993
2.156
2.110
2.283
2.241
2. It26
2.391
2.587
2.562
2.773
2. 759
2.986
2.990
3.236
(
-8 1.999 2.099 2.209 2.332 2. '169 2. 623 2.798 2.999 3.230 3.5CO
-7 2.160 2.268 2.387 2.520 2.668 2.835 3.025 3.2U 3. "91 3.783
-6 l.333 2. It50 2.579 2.722 2.882 3.062 3. 267 3.501 3.771 ".087
-5 2.518 2.641t 2.783 2.938 3. 111 3.306 3.527 3.779 '1.071 ".lt12
-It
-3
2.716
2.928
2.852
3. OH
3. 002
3.237
3.169
3.417
3.356
3.618
3. 566
3.8'15
3.805
'1.102
".077
'1.396
'1.392
It. 736
'1.760
5.133
(
-2 3.155 3.312 3. It87 3.681 3.899 It. 1"3 '1.'>20 '1.737 5.10'1 5.532
-1 3.397 3. 567 3.755 3.96'1 '1.198 'I. '162 '1.760 5.102 5. It97 5.958

(
IV.19G8
 TABLE 4.13 - 9

Id p, mb
·C 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
? T ? ? ? ?

Unity - Unite: 1 g kg-1

0 3.655 3.838 it.Oitl it. 266 it. 518 it. 802 5. 1210 5. it92 5. 917 6.itlit
1 3.931 it. 128 it.3it7 it. 589 it. 860 5.165 5.512 5.908 6.366 6.901
2 it. 226 it. 1038 It. 672 it. 933 5.225 5.553 5.926 6. 352 6. 8 itit 7. it20
3 it.5itO it. 768 5.020 5.300 5.61it 5.967 6.367 6. 826 7.355 7.975
it it. 875 5.119 5.390 5. 692 6. 028 6. it08 6. 838 7.331 7.900 8.566
5 5.231 5. it9it 5.785 6.109 6. it70 6.878 7.3100 7.870 8. Ul 9.197
6 5.611 5.893 6.206 6.553 6.941 7.378 7.875 8. itit3 9.101 9.869
7 6.015 6. 318 6.653 7.025 7. ""2 7.911 8. it"" 9.055 9.760 10.585
8 6.ltit5 6. 769 7.129 7.528 7.975 8. it79 9.051 9.705 10. it62 11.3U
9 6. 902 7.250 7.635 8.063 8.5it3 9.082 9.695 10.397 11.209 12.159

10 7.388 7.761 8.1H 8.632 9. lit6 9. 72it 10.381 11.13it 12.00it 13.023
n 7.905 8.30it 8.H6 9.237 9.787 10. it07 11. III 11.917 12.850 13.9it2
12 8.it53 8.880 9.35it 9.879 10.468 11.132 11.886 12.750 13. 750 110.920
13 9.036 9. it92 9.999 10.562 11.192 11.902 12.710 13.635 lit. 705 15.959
lit 9.65"- 10.1lt2 10.681t 11.286 11.960 12. 720 13.585 lit. 575 15.721 17.061t
15 10.309 10.831 11. itll 12.05it 12.776 13. 589 lit. 513 15.573 16. 800 18.237
16 11.0010 11.562 12.182 12.870 13. 6101 lit. 510 15. it99 16.633 17.9105 19. UIo
17 11.741 12.337 12. 999 13.7310 110.558 15.U8 16.5105 17.757 19.161 20.807
1II 12.522 13.159 13. 866 lit. 651 15.531 16. 524 17.655 18.951 20.452 22.213
19 13.350 lit. 029 lit. 7810 15.622 16. 562 17.623 18.832 20.216 21.822 23.70'0

20 lit. 226 lit. 951 15.756 16.652 17.655 18.788 20.079 21. 559 23.2H 25.288
21 15.151t 15.928 16. 787 17.H2 1 B. 8l1t 20.023 21. It02 22.982 210.816 26.968
22 16. 136 16.961 17.877 18.897 20. OH 21.332 22. 8010 210.1091 26.1050 28.751
23 17. 175 18.055 19.032 20.120 21.3100 22.718 21t.289 26.091 28.183 30.6102
2it 18.27'0 19.212 20.2510 21. itlit 22.715 2it.186 25.862 27.786 30.020 32.6108
25 19. it36 20. it37 21.5lt6 22.78it 21t.171 25.7ltO 27.528 29.582 31.967 310.775
26 20.665 21.732 22.911t 21t.233 25.712 27.386 29.292 31. it8it 310.031 37.031
27 21.965 23.100 24.360 25.766 27.3102 29.127 31. 161 33. it99 36.219 39. It23
28 23.338 21t.5it8 25.889 27.387 29.067 30.970 33.139 35.63it 38.537 Itl.959
29 21t.789 26.077 27.505 29. 101 30.891 32.921 35.233 37.895 itO.993 itit.6it9

30 26.322 27.693 29.213 30. 9 lit 32.821 31o.98it 37.Iolt9 100.289 it3. 596 it7.501
31 27. 'lit 1 29.402 31.020 32.831 31t.863 37.167 39.796 42.825 it6.355 50.526
32 29.652 31.206 32.929 31t.857 37.021 39.477 it 2. 280 itS. 511 it9.279 53.733
33 31. It59 33.112 3it.9lt7 36.999 39.304 410 921 it4.909 its.356 52.377 57.135
3it 33.367 35.126 37.078 39.263 41.718 H.505 47.692 51.369 55.662 60.7itlo
35 35.381 37.252 39.331 41.655 44.271 47.240 50.638 5it.560 59. 1 'lit 64.573
36 37. 508 39.498 41.710 '14.18it 46.970 50.133 53.756 57.9H 62.835 68.637
37 39.753 H.870 it".22it 46.858 49.824 53.195 57.058 61.52it 66.7it9 72.951
38 42. 123 44.375 46.880 49.683 52.842 56.43it 60.55it 65.320 70.901 77.531
39 44.625 47.020 49.686 52.670 56.035 59.862 64.257 69.343 75.307 82.396

40 47.266 49.813 52.651 55.827 59. Itn 63.490 68.179 73.609 79.982 87.565
41 50.055 52. 763 55.704 59.165 62.984 67.332 72.33it 78.133 8it.945 93.061
42 52.999 55.880 59.094 62.694 66.763 71. itOl 76.738 82.931 90.216 98.906
43 56. 108 59. 171 62.592 66.426 70.763 75.710 81.406 88. C2it 95.816 105. 126
Itit 59.390 62.649 66.291 70.375 74.997 80.275 86.356 93.429 101.769 111.747
it5 62.857 66.324 70.201 74.552 79.480 85.113 91.607 99.171 108. 100 118.802
46 66.518 70.207 74.336 78.972 84. 220 90.2ltl 97.180 105.272 114.838 126.322
47 70.386 74. 312 78.709 83.651 89.258 95.681 103.097 111.758 122.012 13it. 344
48 74.473 78.652 83.337 88.606 94.590 101. it52 109.382 118.658 129.657 142.910
49 78.793 83. 242 88.235 93.855 100.2103 107. 578 116.063 126.003 137.810 152.064

50 83.360 88.098 93.421 99.418 106.240 114.085 123. 168 133.827 lit6.510 161.857

IV.19G8
 TABLE 4.13 - 10
(

td p, mb
°0 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 (
r r r
Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-1
-50 7.210' 7.929 8.808 9.906 H.318 13.200 15.836 19.791 26. 383 39.571
-It'll
-Its
8.081
9.0"t7
8.887
9.9lt9
9.872
H.05l
H.I02
12. '029
12.685
lit. 201
H.795
16.56'0
17.750
19.872
22. 182
24.83'"
29.571
33.107
....... 355
"'9.660
(
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-1
-"'7 1.012 1.113 1.236 1.390 1.588 1.852 2.222 2.777 3.702 5.55'"
-'06 1.130 1.2'03 1.380 1.553 1.771t 2.069 2. 1t82 3.102 It. 136 6.204
-'05 1. 261 1.386 1.5ltO 1.732 1.979 2.309 2.770 3. '061 ... 615 6.923 (
-It'o 1. It05 1.5'05 1.716 1.931 2.206 2.573 3.087 3.858 5. Hit 7.717
-'03 1. 561t 1.720 1.9H 2.150 2. It56 2.865 3.437 It. 296 5.727 8.593
-It2 1; 7'00 1.913 2.125 2.391 2.132 3.186 3.823 It. 778 6.370 9.558
-It 1 1.933 2.126 2.361 2.656 3.035 3.5'00 1t.2lt8 5.309 7.078 10.621
(
-ItO 2. lIt6 2.359 2.621 2.9lt8 3.369 3.930 4.715 5.893 7.857 H.791
-39 2.379 2.616 2.906 3.269 3.735 .... 357 5.228 6.534 8.713 13.076
-38 2.635 2.898 3.219 3.621 It. 138 It. 827 5.791 7.239 9.652 1......87
-37
-36
2.916
3.221t
3.207
3.5lt6
3.563
3.939
It. 007
It. It30
4.579
5.062
5.342
5.906
6.lt09
7.086
8.011
8.858
lC.683
11.813
16.035
17.732
(
-35 3.561 3.916 '0.350 1t.891t 5.592 6. 523 7.828 9.785 13.0"'9 19.591
-31t 3.929 It. 322 '0.801 5. 1t00 6.171 7.199 8.639 10.799 lit. 1t02 21.621t
-33 4.332 it. 765 5.293 5.95'" 6.803 7.937 9.525 H.907 15.881 23.8it8
-32 4.772 5.248 6.558 7. it9'o 8.743 10. '092 13.H7 17. 1t97 26.276
-31 5.251 5.776
5.830
6. 1t16 7.218 8.2"'8 9.623 11.5"'8 lit. It38 19.259 28.928 (
-30 5. 77it 6. 351 7.055 7.936 9.069 10.581 12.699 15.877 21. 181 31.820
-29 6.3'03 6.977 7.751 8.719 9.964 11,625 13.953 17. Itlt6 23.276 3'0.972
-28 6.963 7.658 8.508 9.571 10.937" 12.762 15.317 19.153 25.556 38. 1t05 (
-27 7.636 8.399 9.331 10. 1t97 H.996 13.997 16.801 21.010 28.036 "'2.141
-26 8.368 9.20'0 10.226 11.503 13.H7 15.340 18.ltH 23.028 30.733 1t6.201t
-25 9.162 10.075 11.197 12.596 1'0.396 16. 798 20.165 25.220 33.662 50.620
Unity - Unite: 1 g kg-1 (
-2'0 1.002 1.103 1.225 1.378 1.575 1.838 2.2C6 2.760 3.68'" 5.5lt2
-23 1.096 1.205 1.339 1.507 1.722 2.010 2. It13 3.018 It. 029 6.062
-22 1.197 1.317 1. '063 1.6lt6 1.8Bl 2.195 2.636 3.297 It. 1t03 6.627
-21 1.306 1.437 1.597 1.796 2.053 2.397 2;877 3.600 .... 808 7.239
(
-20 1. 1t25 1.567 1.7lt2 1.959 2.2"'0 2.611t 3.139 3.928 5.2lt7 7.902
-19 1.553 1.708 1.898 2.136 2.... U 2.850 3.'022 .... 2B2 5.721 8.620
-18 1.691 1.860 2.067 2; 326 2.659 3.104 3.728 .... 666 6. -235 9.397
-17 2.531 3.378 .... 058 5.079 6.789 10.238
-16
1.8'00
2.001
2.025
2.202
2.250
2. ""7 2.753
2.89'"
3.1lt8 3.675 It. H'" 5.526 7.388 H.H6 (
-15 2.175 2.393 2.659 2.992 3.421 3.991t It. 798 6.008 8.035 12. 128
-1'" 2.362 2.598 2.888 3.250 3.716 .... 339 5.213 6.528 8.733 13.189
-13 2.563 2.820 3. 13It 3.527 4.033 '0.710 5.659 7.088 9.... 85 lIt.331t
-12 2.779 3.058 3.399 3.825 It. 375 5.109 6.1"'0 7.692 10.296 15. 570
-11 3.012 3.31'0 3.68'" It. 146 '0.742 5.538 6.657 8.342 11.170 16.903 (
-10 3.262 3.590 3.990 .... '091 5.137 6.000 '7.213 9.0"'1 12. HO 18.3"'0
-9 3.531 3.885 '0.319 .... 862 5.562 6. ...97 7.811 9.792 13. 123 19.890
-8
-7
3.819
'0.128
'0.203
1t.51t]
.... 672
5.051
5.260
5.687
6.017
6.506
7.030
7.603
8. It53
9.14'\
10.601
H.469
14.212
15.3B'o
21.560
23.360 (
-6 '0. 1t60 4.908 5.lt57 6.1lt5 7.031 8.217 9. BB'" 12.lt02 16.643 25.29B
-5 It. 815 5.300 5.893 6.636 7.591t 8.876 10.679 13. 1t0... 17.997 27.386
-It 5.196 5.719 6.359 7.162 8.197 9.582 11.531 lit. H8 19. "'5"1 29.635
-3 5.603 6.167 6.859 7.725 B.8lt2 10.339 12. '0It 5 15.631 21.01'" 32.055
-2 6.03B 6.61t7 7.393 B.328 9.531t 11.lIt9 13.... 2... 16. B68 22.691
2.......92
34.662
37.... 6B
(
-1 6.50'0 7.161 7.965 B.973 10.274 12.017 H. It73 lB. 19...

(
IV.10GB
 TABLE 4.13 - 11

Id p, mb
°C 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
r r r r
Unity - Unite : 1 g kg-1
0 7.002 7.709 8.576 9.663 11.066 12.946 15.596 19.614 26.425 40. '089
1 7.534 8.296 9.229 10...00 11.912 13.939 16.799 21. 137 28.500 43.7'02
2 8.102 8.922 9.927 11.188 12.817 15.002 18.086 22.768 30.726 't7.246
3 8.708 9.591 10.672 12.030 13.784 16.138 19.462 2".51" H.n.. 51.019
4 9.355 10.304 11.468 12.928 14.817 17.352 20.93" 26.385 35. 677 55.083
5 10.045 11.065 12.316 13.887 15.920 18.6"9 22.509 28.387 38.426 59...62
6 10.780 11.876 13.221 14.911 17.097 20.03'0 24.191 30.530 41.375 610.183
1 11.564 12.741 14.186 16.002 18.353 21.513 25.990 32.823 4".539 69.21'f
8 12.398 13.662 15.215 17.165 19.693 23.092 27.912 35.278 47.934 710.165
9 13.287 14.644 16.310 18.406 21.122 24.777 29.965 37.905 51. 577 80.69"

la 14.233 15.689 17. "77 19.727 22.646 26.576 32.159 40.716 55.487 87.097
11 15.239 16.801 18.720 21. 135 210.270 28.494 3".502 43.725 59.686 9".019
12 16.310 17.985 20.043 22.636 26.001 30.5"1 37.005 46.945 64.194 101.507
13 17. ""9 19.24" 21.451 24.233 27.846 32.72" 39.678 50.391 69.037 109.615
14 18.659 20.583 22.950 25.93" 29.812 35.053 "2.534 5".080 74.2"3 118.40'0
15 19.946 22.007 24.543 27.744 31.906 37.536 45.58" 58.031 79.8..0 127.9"3
16 21.313 23.520 26.239 29.671 3'0.136 ..0.18S "8.842 62.262 85.862 138.308
52.323 66.194 149.587
~~:{~~
17 22.766 25.129 28.·0101 36.512 "3.009 92. " ....
18 24.308 26.839 29.958 39.0"3 46.021 5"6.043 71.652 99.328 161.88i
19 25.947 28.655 31.996 36. 224 101.738 49.23" 60.018 76.860 106.858 175.305

20 27.686 30.584 34.162 38.694 44.609 52.661 64.268 82. '047 114.984 189.992
21 29.533 32.634 36.465 41.321 47.667 56.319
22 31.493 310.811 38.913 44.116 50.925 60.221
23 33.573 37. 123 41.514 47.090 54.396 64.386
24 35.781 39.578 44.280 50.25" 58.094 68.833
25 38. 124 42.186 '07.219 53. 622 62.036 73.582
26 40.610 44.955 50.3H 57.205 66.238 78.656
27 43.248 47.896 53. 665 61.020 70.718 8".079
28 46.047 51.019 57.197 65.081 15.497 89.878
29 49.018 54.336 60.952 69.401 80. 597 96.084

30 52.171 57.861 64.947 74.015 86.041 102.727

31 55.518 61.606 69. 197 78.927 91.856 109.84"
32 59.070 65.586 73.721 84.164 98.070 117.475
33 62.842 69.817 78.5'6 89.750 104.714 125.663
34 66.848 74.315 83.664 95.710 111.823 134.458
35 71. 103 79.100 89.128 102.074 119.436 143.913
36 75.624 84.191 94.952 108.873 127.594 154.090
37 80.428 89.610 101.163 116. 1.. 3 136.344 165.058
38 85. 537 95.381 107.790 123.920 145.739 176.894
39 90.971 101.530 114.867 132.2"8 155. 838 189.684

40 96.753 108.085 122.430 141. 173 166.705 203.530

41 102.908 115.076
42 109.465 122.540
43 116.455 130.513
..4 123.910 139.037
45 131.868 148.160
46 140.370 157.933
47 149.461 168.413
48 159.192 179.665
49 169.619 191. 761

-50 180.803 204.784

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 12
(

Table 4.13.3 Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function of mixing

ratio and pressure (
Temperature thermodynamique du point de gelee en fonction du rap-
port de melange et de la pression
(
T Pt rob
gkg-1 1050 1000 950 900 800 800 750 700 600 600
t , °0 tf,OC tf,OC tf,OC t ; .,u If' ·0
f 'f' °0 tf' °0 If' ·0 If> ·0 f
(
0.0003 -80.54
0.0004 -78.77 -79.06 -79.39 -79.71 -80.05 -80.43
0.0005 -77.39 -77.69 -77.99 -78.34 -78.69 -79.05 -79.46 -79.87 -80.32
0.0006 -76.24 -76.55 -76. 86 -77.20 -77.57 -77.93 -78.34 -78.76 -79.21 -79.70
0.0007
o.oooa
-75.26
-74.41
-75.58
-74.72
-75.89
-75. 03
-76. 24
-75.39
-76. 60
-75.75
-76.96
-76.13
-77.38
-76. 54
-77.80
-76.96
-78.26
-77.43
-78.75
-77.92
(
0.0009 -73.65 -73.95 -74. 29 -74.64 -74.99 -75. 39 -75.79 -76.23 -76. 69 -77.19

0.0010 -72.95 -73.28 -73.61 -73.95 -74.32 -74.71 -75.11 -75.56 -76.01 -76. 53
0.002 -68.33 -68.66 -68.99 -69.37 -69.75 -70. 15 -70.59 -71.04 .,.71.54 -72.05
0.003 -65.52 -65.86 -66. 21 -66.59 -66.97 -67.40 -67.84 -68.31 -68.81 -69.36 (
0.004 -63.48 -63.82 -64. 19 -64.57 -64.96 -65.40 -65. 84 -66.33 -66.84 -67.39
0.005 -61.87 -62.22 -62.59 -62.97 -63.39 -63.81 -64.27 -64. 76 -65.28 -65. 84
0.006 -60.54 -60.89 -61.27 -61.66 -62.06 -62. 51 -62.96 -63.47 -63.98 -64.56
0.007 -59.40 -59.76 -60.13 -60.53 -60.94 -61.39 -61.85 -62.36 -62.88 -63. 46
0.008
0.009
-58.40
-57.51
-58. 76
-57.87
-59.14
-58.26
-59.55
-58.67
-59.95
-59.08
-60.41
-59.54
-60.88
-60.00
-61.39
-60.52
-61.91
-61.05
-62.50
-61.65
(
0.010 -56.71 -57.07 -57.47 -57.87 -58.30 -58.75 -59.23 -59.74 -60.29 -60.87
0.02 -51. 29 -51.68 -52.08 -52.52 -52.95 -53.44 -53.93 -54.48 -55.04 -55.67
0.03 -47.99 -48.40 -48.81 -49.25 -49.72 -50.20 -50.72 -51.28 -51.86 -52. SO
0.04 -45.60 -46.00 -46.44 -46.88 -47.36 -47.85 -48.39 -48.94 -49.55 -50.19 (
0.05 -43.70 -44.11 -44.56 -45.00 -45. 49 -45.-99 -46.54 -47. la -47.72 -48.38
0.06 -42. 13 -42.56 -42.98 -43.46 -43.94 -44.46 -44.99 -45.59 -46.20 -46.86
0.07 -40.78 -41.21 -41.66 -42.12 -42.62 -43.13 -43.69 -44.28 -44.90 -45.58
0.08 -39.61 -40.03 -40- 49 -40.95 -1tl.46 -41.97 -42.54 -43.13 -43.77 -44.45
0.09 -38.56 -38.98 -39.45 -39.92 -40.43 -40.95 -1tl.52 -42.11 -42.75 -43.44 (
0.10 -37.61 -38.04 -38. 51 -38.98 -39.50 -40.02 -40.60 -41.20 -41.84 -42.54
0.11 -36.75 -37. 19 -37.65 -38.13 -38.65 -39.18 -39.75 -0\0.36 -1tl.00 -41.71
0.12 -35.95 -36.40 -36. 86 -37.3S -37.86 -38.41 -38.97 -39.59 -40.24 ·-40.94
0.13 -35.22 -35.67 -36.13 -36.63 -37. 14 -37.69 -38.26 -38.87 -39.54 -40.24
0.14 -34.54 .,.34.98 -35.46 -35.94 -36.47 -37.01 -37.60 -38.21 -38.87 -39.59 (
0.15 -33.89 -34.35 -34.82 -35.32 -35.83 -36.39 -36. 97 -37.60 -38.26 -38.97
0.16 -33.29 -33. 75 -34. 22 -34.72 -35.24 -35. 80 -36.39 -37.00 -37.68 -38.40
0.17 -32.72 -33.18 -33.66 -34. 15 -34.69 -35.24 -35.8l -36.46 -37.13 -37.85
0.18 -32.18 -32.65 -33. 12 -33.63 -34.15 -34.72 -35.31 -35.93 -36.61 -37.34
0019 -31.68 -32.13 -32. 62 -33. 12 -33.65 -34.21 -34.81 -35.45 -36.11 -36.84 (
0.20 -31.18 -31.65 -32.13 -32.64 -33.17 -33.74 -34.34 -34.96 -35.65 -36.38
0.21 -30.72 -31.18 -31.67 -32.18 -32.72 -33.28 -33.88 -34.52 -35.20 -35.93
0.22 -30.28 -30.74 -31.23 -31.74 -32.28 -32•. 84 -33.45 -34.08 -34.77 -35. 51
0.23 -29.85 -30.32 -30- 80 -31.32 -31.85 -32.43 -33.02 -33.68 -34.36 -35.0C;
0.24 -29.44 -29.90 -30.40 -30.91 -31.46 -32.02 -32.63 -33.28 -33.96 -34.71 (
0.25 -29.04 -29. 52 -30.00 -30.52 -31.06 -31.64 -32.25 -32.89 -33.59 -34. 33
0.26 -28.67 -29.13 -29. 63 -30.14 -30.69 -31.27 -31.87 -32.53 -33.22 -33. C;6
0.27 -28.30 -28.77 -29.26 -29.78 -30.33 -30.90 -31.52 -32.17 -32.86 -33.62
0.28 -27.94 -28.42 -:28.91 -29.44 -29.97 -30.56 -31. 17 -31.82 -32.53 -33.27
0.29 -27.60 -2.8.07 -28.57 -29.09 -29.64 -30.22 -30.84 -31. 50 -32.19 -32.94 (
0.30 -27.27 -27.74 -28.24 -28.76 -29.32 -29.89 -30.52 -31.17 -31.87 -32.63
0.31 -26.94 -27.42 -27.92 -28.45 -28.99 -29.59 -30.20 -30.86 -31.56 -32.32
0.32 -26.63 -27. la -27.61 -28.13 -28.69 -29.28 -29.89 -30.56 -31.26 -32.01
0.33 -26.33 -26. 80 -27. 31 -27. 83 -28.39 -28.97 -29.60 -30.26 -30.96 -31.73
0.34 -26.02 -26.51 -27.01 -27.55 -28. la -28. 69 -29. 31 -29.97 -30.68 -31.45 (
0.35 -25.74 -26. 22 -26.73· -27.26 -27.82 -28.41 -29.02 -29.70 -30.41 -31. 17
0.36 -25.46 -25.94 -26. 45 -26.97 -27.54 -28.13 -28.76 -29.43 -30.13 -30.90
0.37 -25. 18 -25.67 -26.18 -26.71 -27.27 -27.86 -28.49 -29. 16 -29.87 -30.64
0.38 -24.91 - 25. 41 -25.91 -26.45 -27.00 -27.61 -28.23 -28.90 -29.62 -30.38
0.39 -24.66 -25. 14 -25.66 -26.19 -26.75 -27.35 -27.97 -28.65 -29.37 -30- 13 (

(
IV.196S
 TABLE 4.13 - 13

r p, mb
~kg-l lU5U lUOO 950 900 850 80U 75U 700 650 600
If' °C If' °C If' °C If' °C If' °0 If' °C t , °0 If' °0 t , °0 t , °0
f f f

0.40 -24.41 -21t.89 -25.41 -25.93 -26. 51 -27.10 -27.73 -28. Itl -29.12 -29.89
0.41 -24.15 -21t.65 -25. 15 -25.70 -26. 26 -26. 85 -27.49 -28.16 -28.88 -29.65
O.H -23.91 -24.41 -24.91 -25.46 -26.01 -26.62 -27.25 -27.92 -28.65 -29.42
D.43 -23.68 -24.16 -24. 68 -25.22 -25.79 -26.39 -27.01 -27.70 -28. 42 -29.19
D.44 -230 45 -23.93 -24.45 -24.98 -25.56 -26. 16 -26.79 -27.1t7 -28. 19 -28.96
0.45 -23.21 -23.71 -24.22 -24.76 -25.31t -25.93 -26.58 -27.25 -27.97 -28.75
0.46 -22.98 -230 49 -230 99 -24.55 -25.11 -25.72 -26.36 -27.03 -'27.76 -28.54
O.H -22.77 -23.27 -23.78 -24.33 -24.90 -25. 51 -26. lit -26.82 -27.55 -28.33
0.48 -22.56 -23.05 -23.57 -24.11 -24.69 -25.29 -25.93 -26.62 -27.31t -28. 12
0.49 -22.35 -22.84 -23.36 -23.90 -24.48 -25.08 -25.73 -26.41 -27. 14 -27.92

0.5 -22. 14 -22.64 -230 15 -23.70 -24.28 -24.88 -25. 53 -26.21 -26.94 -27.73
O. & -20.26 -20.76 -21.29 -21.84 -22.43 -23.04 -23.70 -24.39 -25. 13 -25.92
0.7 -18.65 -19.16 -19.69 -20.25 -20.84 -21.47 -22. 13 -22.83 -23.59 -24.39
0.8 -17.23 -17.75 -18.29 -18. 8& -19.4& -20.08 -20.76 -21.47 -22.22 -23.03
0.9 -15.97 -16. 50 -17.04 -17.62 -18.22 -18.85 -19.53 -20.25 -21.01 -21.83

1.0 -14.84 -15.37 -15.91 -1&.50 -17. 10 -17.75 -18.43 -19.15 -19.92 -20.75
1.1 -13.80 -14.33 -14.88 -15.47 -16.08 -16.73 -17.42 -18.14 -18.92 -19. 76
1.2 -12.85 -13.38 -13.94 -14.53 -15.14 -15.80 -16.49 -17.22 -18.00 -18.85
1.3 -11.96 -12.50 -13.06 -13.66 -14.28 -14.93 -15.63 -16.37 -17.16 -18.00
1.4 -11. 14 -11.68 -12.25 -12.84 -13.47 -14. 13 -14.83 -15.58 -16.37 -17.22
1.5 -10.37 -10.91 -11.49 -12.08 -12.71 -13.38 -14.08 -14.83 -15.63 -16.49
1.6 -9.65 -10. 19 -10.77 -11.37 -11.99 -12.67 -13.38 -14. 13 -14.93 -15.80
1.7 -8.96 -9.51 -10. 08 -10.69 -11.33 -11.99 -12.71 -13.47 -14.28 -1~< 14
1.8 -8.31 -8.86 -9.45 -10.05 -10.69 -11.37 -12.08 -12. 84 -13.66 -14.53
1.9 -7.70 -8.25 -8. 83 -9.45 -10.08 -10.76 -11.49 -12.25 -13.06 -13.93
2.0 -7.10 -7.67 -8.25 -8.86 -9.51 -10.19 -10.91 -11.68 -12.50 -13.38
2.1 -6.55 -7.10 -7.69 -8.31 -8.95 -9.64 -10.37 -11.13 -11.95 -12.84
2.2 -6.00 -6.57 -7.16 -7.78 -8.43 -9.11 -9.84 -10.62 -11.1t5 -12.33
2.3 -5.50 -6.05 -6.65 -7.27 -7.92 -8.62 -9.35 -10. 12 -10.95 -11.84
2.4 -4.99 -~. 57 -6.16 -6.78 -7.44 -8.13 -8.86 -9.65 -10.48 -11.37
2.5 -4.52 -5;09 -5.69 -6.31 -6. 96 -7.67 -8.40 :'9.18 -10.01 -10.91
2.6 -4.06 -4.63 -5.23 -5.86 -6.52 -7.22 -7.95 -8.74 -9.58 -10.48
2.7 -3.62 -4.19 -4.79 -5.42 -6, 08 -6.78 -7.53 -8.31 -9.15 -10.05
2.8 -3.19 -3.76 -4.37 -4.99 -5.66 -6.37 -7.10 -7.89 -8.7't -9.65
2.9 -2.77 -3.35 -3.95 -4.59 -5.26 -5.95 -6.71 -7.50 -8.34 -9.25

3. () -2.37 -2.95 -30 56 -4.19 -4.86 -5.57 -6.32 -7.11 -7.95 -8.86
3.1 -1.98 -2.57 -30 17 -3.81 -4.48 -5. 18 -5.93 -6.73 -7.59 -8.5e
3.2 -1.61 -2. 18 -2.79 -3. 't4 -4.10 -4.82 -5.57 -6.37 -7.22 -8. 13
3.3 -1.24 -1.82 -2.43 -3.07 -3.75 -4.46 -5.21 -6.01 -6.87 -7.78
3.4 -0.88 -1.47 -2.07 -2.72 -3.40 -4.10 -4.86 -5.67 -6.53 -7.45
3.5 :'1. 11 -1.73 -2.38 -3.05 -3.77 -t,.53 -5.33 -6.19 -7.11
3.6 -0.78 -1.40 -2.03 -2.72 -3.44 -4.20 -5.00 -5.86 -6.79
3.7 -1.06 -1.71 -2.40 -3.11 -3.87 -4.69 -5.55 -6, 48
3.8 -0.75 -1.40 -2.07 -2.80 -3.56 -4.38 -5.2't -6.17
3.9 -1.08 -1.77 ..,2.49 -3.26 -4.06 -4.93 -5.87

4. -0.78 -1.47 -2.19 -2.95 -3.77 -4.64 -5.58

5. -1.13 -2.01 -2.96
6. -0.80

IV.100S
 TABLE 4.13 - 14
( I
r p, mb I
g kg-1 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150
tf , ·0
100 (
If' ·0 If' ·0 tf • ·0 If' ·0 tf , ·0 If' ·0 t , ·0
f If' ·0 If' ·0

0.0003 -84.89 -85. 50 -86.17 -860 92 -87.79 -88.81 -90.02 -91.60 -93.75
0.0004
0.0005
-83.21
-81.89
-83.83
-82.52
-84.52
-83.21
-65.29
-83.98
-86.16
-84.88
-87.20
-85.92
-88.45
-87.19
-90.02
-88.80
-92.22
-91.01 (
0.0006 -80.22 -80.80 -81.44 -02.13 -82.91 -83~ 82 -84.88 -86.16 -87.79 -90.02
0.0007 -79.29 -79.86 -80. 51 -81.21 -81.99 -82.91 -83.97 -85.28 -86.91 -89.18
0.0008 -78.47 ~79.04 -79.69 -80.41 -81.21 -82.12 -83.20 -84.51 -86.15 -88.45
0.0009 -77.73 -78. 32 -78.96 -79.69 -80.50 -81.43 -82. 51 -83.82 ~85. 49 -87.78
~77. 06
(
0.0010 -77.67 -78.32 -79.03 -79.85 -80.79 -81.88 -83. 20 -84.87 -87.19
0.002 -72.64 -73.25 -73.92 -74.69 -75.55 -76.52 -77.66 -79.02 -80.78 -83.19
0.003 -69.93 -70.58 -n.28 -72.04 -72.92 -73.92 -75.09 -76.51 -78.31 -80.78
0.004 -67.97 -68.64 -69. 35 -70.13 -n.02 -72.04 -73.24 -74.68 -76.51 -79.01
0.005
O~ 006
-66.45
-65.16
-67.10
-65.83
-67.82
-6&.57
-68.63
-67.38
-69.54
-68.30
-70.57
-69.34
-n.78
-70.57
-73.24
-72.03
-75.08
-73.91
-77.65
-76. 51
(
0.007 -64.07 -64.75 -65.49 -66.31 -67.23 -68.29 -69. 53 -71.01 -72.91 -75.53
0.008 -63. 12 -63.80 -64.55 -65.38 -66.31 -67.38 -68.63 -70. 12 -72.03 -74.68
0.009 -62. Z7 -62.95 -63.71 -64.55 -65.49 -66.56 -67.81 -69.34 -71.26 -73.91

0.010 -61.51 -62.19 -62. 95 -63.80 -64.74 -65.82 -67.08 -68.62 -70.56 -73.23 (
0.02 -56.33 -57.04 -57. 85 -58.73 -59.72 -60.85 -62.18 -63.79 -65.82 -68.62
0.03 -53.18 -53.92 -54.75 -55.66 - 56. 68 -57.84 -59.21 -60.85 -62.93 -65. 81
0.04 -50.89 -51.66 -52.49 -53.42 -54.46 -55. 65 -57.03 -58.7Z -60.85 -63.78
0.05 -49.08 -49.86 -50.71 -51.65 -52.71 -53.91 -55.34 -57.03 -59.20 -62. 18
0.06
0.07
-47.59
-46.31
-48.37
-47.09
-49.23
-47.96
-50. 18
-48.93
-51.26
-50.01
-52.49
-51.26
-53.91
-52.71
-55.65
-54.46
-57.83
-56.67
-60.85
-59. n
(
0.08 -45.18 -45.97 ~46. 86 -47.83 -48.92 -50. 18 -51.65 -53.41 -55. 65 -58.72
0.09 -44.18 -44.98 -45. 87 -46.86 -47.96 -49.22 -50.70 -52.48 -54.73 -57.83

0.10 -43.26 -44.09 -44.98 -45.97 -47.08 -46.37 -49. 65 -51.64 -53.91 -57.03
0.11 -42.46 -43.28 -44.16 -45.17 -46.30 -47. 56 -49.07 -50.67 -53. 16 -56.31 (
0.12 -41. 71 -42.53 -43.44 -44.44 -45.57 ~46. 65 -48.36 -50.17 -52.46 -55. M
0.13 -40.99 -41.83 -42."75 -43.76 -44.69 -46.16 -47.70 -49.53 -51.84 -55. 01
0.14 -40.36 -41.19 -42. 10 -43.11 -44.26 -45.57 -47.06 -46.92 -51.25 -54.45
0.15 -39.74 -40.59 -41.51 -42.53 -43.67 -44.97 -46.52 -46.36 -50.70 -53.90
0.16
0.17
-39. 17
-36.63
-40.00
-39.46
.,.40.93
-40,41
-41.96
-41.44
-43.11
-42.60
-44.44
-43.91
-45.96
-45.47
-47.62
-47.33
-50.17
-49.69
-5~ 41
-52.92
(
0.18 -38.11 -36.96 -39.90 -40.93 -42.09 -43.43 -44.97 -46.65 -49.22 -52.48
0.19 -37.63 -36.49 -39.43 -40.47 -41.63 -42.95 -44.52 -46. loO -46.76 -52.04

0.20
0.21
-37.16
-36.73
-36.02
-37.59
-38. 96
-36.53
-40.00
-39.56
-41.16
-40.75
-42.52
-42.09
-44.06
-43.67
-45.96
-45.56
-48.36
-47.95
-51.64
-51.25 (
0.22 -"36.30 -31.16 -36.11 -39. 16 -40.35 -41.69 -43.27 -45.16 -47.57 -50.67
0.23 -35.89 -360 76 -37.71 -36.77 -39.95 -41.31 -42.66 -44.79 -47.20 -50. 52
0.24 -35.51 -)6.36 -37.33 -36.39 -39.56 -40.93 -42.52 -44. '03 :'46.65 -50.17
0.25 -35. 13 -35.99 -36.95 -38.01 -39.21 -40. 56 -42.16 -44.06 -46.51 -49.64
0.26 -34.77 -35.65 -36.61 -37.67 -36.66 -40;23 -41.62 -43.75 -46.18 -49.53 (
0.27 -34.42 -35.30 -36.26 -37.33 -38.53 -39.69 -41.50 -43.43 -45.86 -49.22
0.26 -34.08 -34.95 -35.92 -36.99 -36. 20 -39.58 -41.17 -43.11 -45.56 -48.91
0,29 -33.76 -34.64 -35. 61
0
-36.68 -37.66 -39.26 -40.67 -42.81 ~45. 26 -48.64

0.30
0.31
-33. '.4
-33.13
-34.33
-34.01
-35.30
-34. 98
-36.37
-36.07
-37.56
-37.28
-36.95
-36.67
-40.56
-40.28
-42.52
-42.23
-44.97
-44.70
-48.36
-48.08
(
0.32 -32.83 -33.73 -34.70 -35.76 -36.99 -36.39 -39.99 -41.95 -44.43 -47.62
0.33 -32.55 -33. 44 -34.42 -35.50 -360 72 -38.10 -39.73 -41.69 -44.16 -47.57
0.34 -32.26 -33.16 -34.13 -35.22 -36.45 -3]. 64 -39.47 -41.43 -43.91 ~47. 32
0.35 -31.96 -32.86 -33.87 -34.95 -3"6. 18 -37.56 -39. 21 -41. 17 -43.67 -47.06
0.36 -31.72 -32.62 -33.61 -34.70 -35.9Z -37.33 -36.95 -40.92 -43.43 -46.65 (
0.37 -31.47 -32.37 -33.35 -34.45 -35.66 -37.07 -38.72 -40.69 -43. 16 -46.62
0.38 -31.21 -32.11 -33.10 -34.20 -35.43 -36.63 -38.48 -40.46 -42.95 -46.4C
0.39 -30.96 -31.86 -32.65 -33.95 -35.19 -360 60 -36. 24 -40.22 -42.73 -46.18

(
IV.19GS
 TABLE 4.13 - 15

r p, mb
g kg-1 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
tf,OC t f • °0 tf' °0 tf • °0 tt' °C t f • °0 tf' °C tf,OC If' QC tf • °0

0.40 -30.72 -31.63 -32.62 -33.72 -34.95 -36.37 -38.01 -39.99 -42.52 -45. 96
0.41 -30.49 -31.40 -32.39 -33.49 -34.73 -36. 14 -37.79 -39.78 -42.30 -45. 76
0.42 -30.26 -31.16 -32.16 -33.27 -34.51 -35.92 -37.58 -39.57 -42.09 -45.56
0.43 -30.02 -30.93 -31.93 -33.04 -34.29 -35.71 -37.37 -39.36 -41.88 -45.36
0.44 -29.81 -30.72 -31.72 -32.83 -34.07 -35.50 -37. 15 -39. 15 -41.69 -45.16
0.45 -29.59 -30.51 -31.51 -32.62 -33. 86 -35. 29 -36.95 -38.95 -41.5e -44.97
0.46 -29.38 -30.30 -31.30 -32.4i -33.66 -35.08 -36.75 -38.16 -41.30 -44.79
0.41 -29.11 -30.08 -31.09 -32.21 -33.46 -34.89 -36.56 -38.57 -41.11 -'04.61
0.48 -28.96 -29.88 -30.89 -32.00 -33.26 -34.70 -36. 37 -38.38 -40.92 -44.43
0.49 -28.77 -29.69 -30.70 -31.81 -33.06 -34.51 -36. 18 -38.19 -40.75 -44.25

0.5 -28.57 -29.50 -30. 51 -31.63 -32. 88 -34.32 -35.99 -38.01 -40.57 -44.01
0.6 -26.79 -27.72 -28.75 -29.88 -31.16 -32.62 -34.32 -36.37 -38.95 -42.52
0.7 -25.26 -26.20 -27.24 -28.40 -29.69 -31. 16 -32. 88 -3/0.95 -37.58 -41. 11
O. B -23.91 -24.87 -25.92 -21. OB -28.39 -29. BB -31.62 -33.72 -36.31 -39.99
0.9 -22.72 -23.69 -24.75 -25.92 -21.24 -28.75 -30.50 -32. 62 -35.29 -38.95

1.0 -21. 65 -22.62 -23.69 -24.87 -26.20 -21.72 -29.49 -31.62 -34.32 -38.01
1. 1 -20.61 -21.65 -22.72 -23.91 -25.25 -26.78 -28. 51 -30.72 -33.43 -37.16
1.2 -19.76 -20.75 -21.83 -23.03 -24.39 -25.92 -27.72 -29.88 -32.62 -36. 37
1.3 -18.92 -19.91 -21.00 -22.22 -23.58 -25. 12 -26.93 -29.11 -31.86 -35.64
1.4 -18.14 -19.14 -20.24 -21.46 -22.82 -24.39 -26. 20 -28.40 -31.16 -34.95
1.5 -17.42 -18.42 -19.53 -20. i5 -22.12 -23.69 -25. 52 -21.72 -30.51 -H. 32
1.6 -16.73 -17.74 -18.85 -20.08 -21.46 -23.03 -24.87 -27.09 -29.88 -33.13
1.7 -16.07 -17.09 -18.21 -19.45 -20.84 -22.42 -24.27 -26.50 -29.30 -33. 16
1.8 -15.41 -16.49 -17.61 -18.85 -20. 25 -21.83 -23. 69 -25.92 -28.15 -32.63
1.9 -14.88 -15.91 -17.03 -18.28 -19.69 -21.28 -23.14 -25.39 -28.23 -32.11

2.0 -14.33 -15. 36 -16.49 -17.14 -19. 15 -20. 15 -22.63 -24.88 -21.73 -31.63
2.1 -13.79 -14.83 -15.96 -11.22 -18.64 -20.25 -22. 13 -24.39 -27.25 -31. 11
2.2 -13.29 -14.33 -15.41 -16.73 -18. 15 -19.77 -21.65 -23.92 -26.19 -30.73
2.3 -12.80 -13.84 -14.98 -16.26 -17.68 -19.30 -21.20 -23.48 -26.36 -30.31
2.4 -12.33 -13.38 -14.53 -15.80 -17.23 -18.85 -20.16 -23.04 -25.93 -29.89
2.5 -11.88 -12.93 -14.08 -15.36 -16.79 -18.43 -20.34 -22.63 -25.53 -29. 51
2.6 -11.45 -12.50 -13. 66 -14.93 -16.38 -18.01 -19.92 -22.23 -25.14 -29. 12
2.1 -11.02 -12.08 -13.25 -14.53 -15.91 -17.62 -19.54 -21.85 -24.76 -28.16
2.8 -10.62 -11.69 -12.85 -14.13 -15.59 -17.23 -19. 16 -21.48 -24.40 -28.41
2.9 -10.23 -11.30 -12.46 -13.75 -15.20 -16.86 -18.19 -21.11 -24.04 -28.06

3.0 -9.85 -10.91 -12.08 -13.39 -14.84 -16.50 -18.44 -20.17 -23.71 -27.74
3.1 -9.48 -10.55 -11.13 -13.02 -14.49 -16.15 -18.09 -20.43 -23.38 -21.42
3.2 -9.12 -10.20 -11.38 -12.68 -14. 14 -15.81 -17. 16 -20.09 -23.05 -27.11
3.3 -8.18 -9.85 -11.03 -12.34 -13.81 -15.48 -17.43 -19.78 -22.74 -26.81
3.4 -8.44 -9.52 -10.70 -12.00 -13.48 -15. 16 -11. 11 -19.47 -22.44 -26. 52
3.5 -8.11 -9.19 -10.38 -11.69 -13.16 -14. 84 -16.81 -19.17 ~22. 14 -26.23
3.6 -7.79 -8.81 -10.06 -11.38 -12.85 -14.54 -16. 51 -18.87 -21. 86 -25.95
3.1 -7.48 -8.57 -9.76 -1l.07 -12.56 -14.25 -16.21 -18.59 -21.58 -25.68
3.8 -7.11 -8.26 -9.46 -10.78 -12.26 -13.95 -15.93 -18.31 -21. 31 -25.42
3.9 -6.81 -7.96 -9.16 -10.49 -11.97 -13.68 -15. 65 -18.03 -21.03 -25.16

4. -6.59 -1.68 -8.88 -10.21 -11.70 -13.40 -15. 38 -17.17 -20.78 -24.90
5. -3.99 -5.11 -6.34 -1.69 -9.21 -10.94 -12.96 -15.40 -18.41 -22.67
6. -1.85 -2.98 -4.23 -5.61 -1.14 -8.90 -10.95 -13.43 -16.55 -20.91
1. -1.16 -2.42 -3.81 -5.38 -1.16 -9.24 -11.14 -14.90 -19.22
8. -0.83 -2.25 -3.83 -5.64 -1.14 -10.21 -13.46 -17.83
9. -0.85 -2.45 -4.2B -6.40 -8.95 -12.18 -16. 59
10. -1.21 -3.04 -5.19 -1.17 -11.02 -15.4e

IV .1D6~
 TABLE 4.13 - 16 (
r p, mb
g kg-1 70
I 00
50 30 20 10 2
t , DC
1 (
tf'DC If,oO If' 00 tf,OC tf,OO tf,OO tf,OC f
If' 00
f,

0.0002 -91.61 -99.35

0.0003
0.000'+
-95.61
-9'+.10
-91.32
-95.85
-99.86
-98. '+5
(
0.0005 -92.92 -9'+.10 -91.32 -99. 35
0.0006 -91.95 -93.15 -96. '+0 -98. '+5
0.0001 -91.12 -92.92 -95.61 -91.61
0.0008 -90. '+1 -92.22 -9'+.90 -96.98
0.0009 -89.16 -91.60 -9'+.30 -96. '+0 -99.86 (
0.0010 -89. 18 -91.01 -93.15 -95.85 -99.35
0.002 -85.21 -81.19 -90.01 -92.22 -95.85 -91.61 -99.35
0.003 -82.90 -8'+.81 -81.18 -90.01 -93.15 -95.61 -91.32 -99.86
0.00'+
0.005
-81.19
-19.8'+
-83.19
-81.81
-86.15
-8'+.81
-88. '+'+
-81.18
-92.22
-91.00
-9'+.10
-92.92
-95. 85
-9'+.10
-98. '+'+
-91.32 -99.35 .
(
0.006 -78.73 -80.18 -83.81 -86. 15 -90.01 -91.95 -93.15 -960 '+0 -98. '+'+
0.001 -11.11 -19.8'+ -82.90 -85.21 -89.11 -91. 12 -92.92 -95.61 -91.67
0.008 -16.93 -79.01 -82.11 -8'+.50 -88. '+'+ -90. '+1 -92.22 -9'+.90 -96.98
O. (109 -76.19 -78.30 -81.'+1 -83. 81 -87.78 -89.16 -91.59 -9'+.30 -96. 'to -99.86
(
0.010 -75.53 -11.65 -80.18 -83.19 -87.18 -89.11 -91.00 -93.75 -95.85 -99.35
0.02 -71.00 -73.23 -16.51 -79.01 -83.19 -85.27 -87.18 -90.01 -92.22 -95. 85
0.03 -68.28 -70.56 -73.91 -76.51 ~80. 18 -82.90 -8'+.86 -81.78 -90.01 -93. 75
0.0'+ -66.30 -68.62 -72.02 -7'+.67 -79.01 -81.19 -83.19 -86. 15 -88. '+'+ -92.22
0.05
0.06
-6'+.73
-63. '+'+
-61.07
-65. 81
-70.56
-69.33
-73.23
-72.02
-11.65
-76. 51
-79.8'+
-78.72
-81.86
-80.11
-8'+.81
-83.81
-81.18
-86. 15
-91.00
-90.01
(
0.01 -62.33 -6'+.73 -68.28 -71.00 -15.53 -11.11 -79.8'+ -82.90 -85.27 -89.17
0.08 -61.36 -63. 18 -61.37 -70.11 -1'+.61 -76.93 -19.01 -82. 11 -8'+.50 -88. '+'+
0.09 -60.49 -62.93 -6{>.55 -69.33 -73. 91 -76.19 -78.30 -81. 't1 -83.81 -81.78

OdD -59.71 -62.17 -65. 81 -68.62 -73.23 -15.53 -17.65 -80.18 -83. 19 -87. 18 (
0.11 -58.99 -61. '+9 -65.1'+ -67.95 -72.61 -7,+.91 -11.0'+ -80.20 -82.63 -86.65
0.12 -58.35 -60.8'+ -6'+.53 -67.31 -72.02 -7'+.36 -76.51 -79.61 -82. 11 -86. 15
0.13 -57.15 -60.26 -63.95 -660 81 -71.51 -73.8'+ -15.98 -79. 18 -81.6'+ -85.10
0.14 -57.19 -59.71 -63.4'+ -66.30 -71.00 -73.36 -75.53 -18.73 -81.19 -85.21
0.15
0.16
-56.61
-56.11
-59.20
-58.72
-62. 93
-62. '+8
-65.81
-65.36
-70.56
-70.12
-72.90
-72.'+9
-15.08
-74.61
-78.30
-11.89
-80.78
-80.39
-84.87
-84.50
(
0.17 -55.11 -58.26 -62.02 -64.93 -69.72 -72.08 -74.28 -11.53 -80.00 -84. 1'+
0.18 -55.26 -57.83 -61.62 -6'+.53 -69.33 -11.71 -73.91 -17.16 -79.67 -83.81
0.19 -54.84 -51. '+3 -61.22 -6'+.14 -68.95 -11.36 -73.57 -16.82 -79.34 -83.50
0.20 -54.45 -51.02 -60.84 ·-63.18 -68.62 -71.00 -13.23 -16.51 -19.01 -83.19 (
0.21 -54.06 -56.61 -60. '+9 -63.4'+ -68.28 -70.69 -72.90 -76.19 -78.73 -82.90
0.22 -53.11 -56.31 -60.14 -63.09 -67.95 -70.38 -72.61 -15.89 -78.4'+ -82.63
0.23 -53.36 -55.96 -59.82 -62.18 -67.66 -10.07 -72.32 -75.62 -78. 16 -82.37
0.2'+ -53.01 -55.64 -59. 51 -62.48 -67.37 -69.79 -72.02 -75.35 -77.89 -82.11
0.25
0.26
-52.70
-52.39
-55.33
-550 01
-59.20
-5a. 90
-62.17
-61.89
-67.01
-66.81
-69.52
-69.25
-11.11
-11.51
-75.08
-7'+.83
-77.65
-77.40
-81.87
-81.64
(
0.27 -52.08 -54.13 -58.63 -61.62 -66.55 -68.99 -11.26 -7'+.60 -77.16 -81. '+2
0.28 -51. 80 -5'+. '+5 -58.35 -61.35 -66.30 -68.75 -71.00 -7'+.36 -760 93 -81.19
0.29 -51.52 -54.11 -58.08 -61.09 -660 0'+ -68.52 -70.78 -7'+. 13 -76.72 -80.97

0.30 -51.25 -53.90 -51.83 -60.84 -65.81 -68.28 -70.56 -73.91 -76.51 -80.78 (
0.31 -50.98 -53.66 -57.59 -60.61 -65.59 -68.05 -70.3'+ -13.70 -76.30 -80.58
0.32 -50.13 -53. '+1 -51.35 -60.38 -65.36 -67.8'+ -10.12 -73.50 -16.09 -80.39
0.33 -50. '+9 -53. 16 -51.11 -60.14 -65.14 -61.63 -69. 91 -73.30 -75.89 -80.20
0.34 -50.24 -52.92 -560 88 -59.92 -6'+.93 -61. '+3 -69.72 -13.09 -75.11 -80.01
0.35
0.36
-50. DO
-'+9.78
-52.10
-52.48
-560 67
-56. '+5
-59.11
-59.51
-6'+.13
-6'+.5'+
-67.22
-61.02
-69.52
-69.33
-72.91
-72.13
-15.53
-75.35
-19.8'+
-79.67
(
0.37 -49.56 -52.26 -560 2'+ -59.30 -6'+.3'+ -66.83 -69. 14 -72.55 -75.11 -79.51
0.38 -'+9.3'+ -52.0'+ -560 03 -59.09 -6'+. 1'+ -66.66 ·-68.95 -72.38 -7'+.99 -19.3't
0.39 -49.12 -51.84 -55.83 -58.90 -63.95 -66. '+8 -68.79 -72.20 -7'+. 83 -79. 18
(

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 17

r p, mb
g kg-1 70 50 30 20 10 5 2 1
t °C If' °C t • QC tf,OC tf' °0 tf' ·C tf' °0 tf,OC tf1 °0 If' ·C
f. f

0.40 -48.91 -51.64 -55.64 -58.72 -63.78 -66.30 -68.62 -72.03 -74.68 -79.01
0.41 -48.72 -51.44 -55.45 -58.54 -63.61 -66. 12 -68.45 -71.87 -74.52 -78.87
0.42 -48.52 -51. 25 -55.27 -58.35 -63.44 -65.95 -68.28 -71.72 -14.36 -78.73
0.43 -48.33 -51.05 -55.08 -58.17 -63.21 -65.19 -68. 12 -71.56 -14.21 -78.59
0.44 -48.14 -50.87 -54.90 -57.99 -63.09 -65.63 -61.95 -71.41 -14.05 -78.44
0.45 -41.95 -50.70 -54.73 -57.83 -62.93 -65.48 -61.81 -71.26 -73.91 -78.30
0.46 -41.11 -50.52 -54. 56 -57.61 -62.18 -65.32 -61.66 -71.11 -73.11 -78.16
0.47 -47.60 -50.35 -54.40 -51.51 -62.63 -65.16 -61.52 -70.96 -73.64 -18.02
0.48 -41.42 -50.11 -54.23 -57.35 -62.48 -65.01 -61.31 -10.83 -73.50 -11.89
0.49 -47.25 -50.00 -54.06 -51.19 -62.33 -64.81 -61.22 -70.69 -13.31 -11.11

0.5 -41.08 -49.84 -53.91 -51.03 -62.18 -64.13 -61.08 -10.56 -73.23 -17.65
0.6 -45.56 -48.36 -52.48 -55.65 -60.85 -63.'04 -65.81 -69.33 -72.03 -16.51
0.1 -4'0.25 -'t7.08 -51.25 -5'0.45 -59.12 -62.33 -6'0.13 -68.29 -71.01 -15. 54
0.8 -43.11 -45.96 -50. 18 -53.41 -58.12 -61. 36 -63.79 -61.31 -10. 12 -1'0.68
0.9 -42.09 -44.91 -49.22 -52.48 -57.84 -60.50 -62.94 -66.56 -69.34 -13.91

1.0 -'01.18 -44.08 -'08.36 -51.65 -57.03 -59.72 -62.18 -65.82 -68.62 -13.2'0
1. 1 -'00.35 -43.27 -47.58 -50.88 -56; 32 -59.00 -61.50 -65. 15 -67.96 -72.6a
1.2 -39.58 -'02.52 -46. 85 -50. 18 -55.65 -58.36 -60.85 -64.5'0 -67.38 -72.03
1.3 -38.86 -41.83 -46.19 -49.5'0 -55.02 -57.76 -60.27 -63.96 -66.82 -71.52
1.4 -38.20 -41.18 -'05.51 -48.92 -54.46 -57.20 -59.12 -63. 'oS -66.31 -71.02
1.5 -37.59 -40.58 -44.98 -48.37 -53.92 -56.68 -59.21 -62.9'0 -65.82 -10.57
1.6 -36. 99 -'00.00 -'0'0. '0'0 -'07.83 -53. '02 -56. 18 -58.73 -62.49 -65. 38 -70.13
1.7 -36.'05 -39.48 -43.92 -47.34 -52.94 -55.72 -58. 28 -62.04 -64.94 -69.73
1.8 -35.93 -38.96 -43. 44 -46.86 -52.50 -55. 28 -57.85 -61.64 -64.55 -69.35
1.9 -35.44 -38.49 -'02.96 -46.42 -52.06 -54.86 -57.45 -61.24 -64. 16 -68.97

2.0 -34.96 -38.02 -42.54 -45.98 -51.6b -54.47 -57.04 -60.86 -63.80 -68.64
2.1 -34.52 -37.59 -42. 11 -45.58 -51.27 -54.08 -56. 69 -60.51 -63. '06 -68.30
2.2 -34.08 -37.17 -41.71 -45.18 -50.89 -53.13 -56.33 -60.16 -63.11 -67.91
2.3 -33.68 -36.17 -41.32 -'04.81 -50.54 -53.38 -55.98 -59.84 -62.80 -67.68
2.4 -33.28 -36. 39 -40.9'0 -44.45 -50.20 -53.04 -55.67 -59.53 -62.50 -67.39
2.5 -32.89 -36. 00 -'00.60 -44.10 -49.'!6 -52.72 -55.35 -62.20 -67.10
2.6 -32.53 -35.66 -40.25 -43.17 -49.55 -52.42 -55.04 -61.91 -66.83
2.7 -32.17 -35. 31 -39.91 -43.45 -49.25 -52.11 -54.76 -61.65 -66. 58
2.8 -31.83 -34.97 -39.60 -43. 13 -48.94 -51.83 -54.48 -61.38 -66.33
2.9 -31. 51 -34.66 -39.29 -42.83 -48.67 -51.55 -5'0.20 -61.12 -66.07

3.0 -31.18 -34.34 -38. 98 -42.55 -48.39 -51.28 -53.93 -60.87 -65.8'0
3.1 -30.87 -34.03 -38.70 -'02.26 -48. 11 -51.01 -53.69 -60.64 -65. 62
3.2 -30.57 -33.75 -38.41 -41.98 -47.85 -50.76 -53.44 -60.41 -65.40
3.3 -30. 28 -33.46 -38. 13 -41.72 -47.61 -50.52 -53.20 -60.18 -65.18
3.4 -29.98 -33.18 -37.81 -41.47 -47.36 -50.28 -52.96 -59.95 -64.96
3.5 -29.71 -32.91 -37.61 -41.21 -47.12 -50.04 -52.74 -59.75 -64.11
3.6 -29.45 -32.65 -37.36 -40.96 -46.88 -49.82 -52.52 -59.54 -64.57
3.7 -29. 18 -32.39 -37.11 -40.13 -46.66 -49.60 -52.30 -64.38
3.8 -28.92 -32.14 -36.87 -40.50 -46.44 -49.38 -52.08 -64.18
3.9 -28.67 -31.89 -36. 64 -40.27 -46.22 -49.17 -51.88 -63.99

4. -28.43 -31.66 -36. 41 -40.04 -46.00 -48.96 -51.68 -63.82

5. -26.25 -29.54 -34.37 -38.06 -44.13 -'07.14 -49.90 -62.23
0- -2'0.45 -27.78 -32.69 -36. '04 -'02.59 -45.63 -48. H -60.91
7. -22.90 -26.28 -31. 24 -35.03 -41.26 -'04.3'0 -47. 16 -59.79
8. -21.56 -24.96 -29.97 -33.81 -40. 10 -43. 21 -46.06
9. -20.35 -23.80 -28.85 -32.73 -39.06 -'02.20 -'05.08
10. -19.27 -22.75 -27.84 -31.75 -38.1'0 -41.30 -44.20

20. -11.96 -15.65 -21.03 -25. 15 -31.89 -35.22 -38.28

30. -7.57 -11.37 -16. 93 -21.19 -28. 15 -31.58 -34.13
40. -'0. 'oD -8.30 -13.99 -18.35 -25.46 -28.96 -32.19
50. -1.93 -5.90 -11.70 -16.13 -23.37 -26.93 -30.20
60. -3.93 -9.83 -14. 32 -21.66 -25. 27 -28.59
70. -2.28 -8.24 -12. 79 -20.21 -23.87 -27.22
80. -0.85 -6.81 -11.47 -18.96 -22.61'> -26.04
90. -SO 68 -10.31 -17.87 -21.60 -25.00
100. -4. 61 -9.28 -16. 90 -20.66 -24.09

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.13 - 18
( I
Table 4. 13 .4 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodyr'lmic frost-point temperature
and pressure (
Rapport de melange en fonction de la temperature thermodynamique
du point de gel€e et de la pression
(
If p,mb
00 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
r r
Unity - Unite: 0.000 1 g kg-l (
-80 3.267 3.429 3.608 3.807 4.029 4.279 4.563 4.887 5.260 5.697
-79 3.847 4.038 4.249 4.483 4.745 5.040 5.373 5.755 6.195 6.709
-78 4.523 4.747 4.995 5; 271 5.579 5.925 6.318 6.766 7.284 7.888
-77
-76
5.309
6.222
5.572
6.530
5.864
6.872
6.187
7.250
6.548
7.674
6.955
8.151
7.416
8.691
7.942
9.308
8.550
10.020
9.259
10.850
(
-75 7.280 7.641 8.040 8.483 8.979 9.537 10.169 10.891 11.724 12.696
-74 8.504 8.926 9.393 9.911 10. 489 11. 141 11. 879 12.723 13.696 14.831
-73 9.920 10.412 10.956 1l.560 12.235 12.996 13.856 14.840 15.976 17.300
Unity - Unite: 0.001 g kg-l (
-72 1.155 1.213 1.276 1.346 1.425 1.514 1.614 1.7.28 1.861 2.015
-71 1.344 1.410 1.484 1.566 1.657 1.760 1.877 2.010 2.164 2.343

-70 1.560 1.637 1.723 1.818 1.924 2.044 2.119 2.334 2.513 2.721 (
-69 1.809 1.899 1.998 2.108 2.231 2.370 2.527 2.707 2. 'i14 3.155
-68 2.095 2.198 2.313 2.441 2.584 2.744 2.926 3.134 3.374 3.653
-67 2.422 2.542 2.615 2.822 2.987 3.173 3.383 3.624 3.901 4.224
-66 2.796 2.935 3.088 3.259 3.449 3.664 3.906 4.184 4.504 4.878
-65
-64
3.224
3.713
3.384
3.897
3.561
4.100
3.158
4.321
3. 917
4.580
4.224
4.864
4.504
5.187
4.824
5.555
5.194
5.981
5.624
6.477
(
-63 4.269 4.481 4.715 4.976 5.267 5.594 5.965 6.389 6.878 1.448
-62 4.9G3 5.147 5.415 5.714 6.049 6.424 6.850 7.331 7.899 8.554
-61 5.624 5.903 6.2ll 6.554 6. 938 1.368 1.-851 8.416 9.060 9.811
(
-60 6.442 6.762 7.115 7.508 7.941 8.440 9.000 9.640 10.319 11.239
-59 7.370 1.736 8.140 8.590 9.092 9.651 10.297 11.030 11.815 12.859
-58 8.421 8.839 9.301 9.815 10.389 11.034 11.167 12.403 13.569 14.694
-57 9.6ll 10.088 10.615 1l.201 1l.857 12.593 13.429 14.384 15. 486
Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-l
16.770
(
-56 1.095 1.150 1.210 1.277 1.352 1.436 1.531 1.640 1.765 1.912
-55 1.247 1.309 1.318 1.454 1.539 1.634 1.743 1. d67 2.010 2.116
-54 1.418 1.489 1.567 1.653 1.750 1.859 1.982 2.123 2.285 2.475
-53 1.611 1.691 1.779 1.878 1.988 2.111 2.251 2.4ll 2.596 2.8ll (
-52 1.828 1.919 2.019 2.130 2.255 2.395 2.554 2.736 2.945 3.190
-51 2.071 2.174 2.288 2.414 2.556 2.715 2.895 3.100 3.338 3.615

(
IV.IU68
 TABLE 4.13 - 19

If p,mb
°0 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
~ ~

Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-I

-50 2.345 2.461 2.590 2.733 2.893 3.073 3.277 3.510 3.779 4.092
-49 2.651 2.783 2.929 3.091 3. 271 3.475 3.705 3.969 4.273 4.628
-48 2.995 3.144 3.308 3.491 3. 695 3.925 4.186 4.483 4.827 5.227
-47 3.379 3.547 3.733 3.939 4.169 4.429 4.723 5. 059 5.446 5.898
-46 3.609 3.998 4.207 4.440 4.700 4.992 5.323 5.702 6.139 6.649
-45 4.289 4.502 4.737 4.999 5.292 5.621 5.994 6.420 6.912 7.486
-44 4.824 5.064 5.329 5.623 5. 952 6.322 6.742 7.222 7.775 8.421
-43 5.420 5.690 5.988 6.319 6.688 7.104 7.576 8.115 8.737 9.463
-42 6.084 6.387 6.722 7.093 7.508 7.975 8.505 9.110 9.807 10.623
-41 6.823 7.162 7.538 7.954 S. 420 8.943 9.538 10.216 10.999 11.913

-40 7.644 8.024 8.445 8.911 9.433 10.019 10.685 11.445 12.322 13.347
-39 8.556 8.981 9.452 9.974 10. 558 11.214 11.960 12.810 13.792 14.939
-38 9.567 10.042 10.569 11.153 11. 805 12.540 13.373 14.325 15. It22 16.704
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-I
-37 1.069 1.122 1. 181 1.246 1.319 1.401 1. It91t 1.600 1.723 1.866
-36 1.193 1.252 1.318 1.391 1.472 1.564 1.667 1.786 1.923 2.083
-35 1.330 1.396 1.469 1.551 1.6ltl 1.7lt3 1.859 1.992 2. lIt4 2.323
-34 1.482 1.555 1.637 1.727 1.828 1.942 2.071 2.219 2.389 2.587
-33 1.649 1.731 1.822 1.923 2.035 2.162 2.306 2.470 2.659 2.880
-32 1.834 1.925 2.026 2.138 2.263 2.404 2.564 2.747 2.957 3.203
-31 2.038 2.139 2.251 2.376 2.515 2.671 2.849 3.052 3.286 3.559

-30 2.262 2.375 2.499 2.637 2.792 2.966 3.163 3.388 3.6lt8 3.951
-29 2.509 2.634 2.772 2.925 3.097 3.290 3.508 3.758 4.046 It. 383
-28 2.781 2.919 3.072 3.242 3.432 3.646 3.888 4.165 4. It84 4.857
-27 3.079 3.232 3.402 3.590 3.800 4.037 4.305 4.612 4.966 5.379
-26 3.407 3.576 3.764 3.972 4.205 4.467 4.764 5.103 5.495 5.952
-25 3.766 3.954 4.161 4.392 4.649 4.938 5.267 5.642 6.075 6.580
-24 4.161 4.368 4.597 4.851 5.136 5.455 5.818 6.233 6.711 7.269
-23 4.592 4.821 5.074 5.355 5.669 6.022 6.422 6.880 7.408 8.024
-22 5.065 5.317 5.596 5.906 6.252 6.642 7.083 7.588 8.170 8.850
-21 5.582 5.860 6.167 6.509 6.891 7.320 7.807 8.363 9.005 9.755

-20 6.147 6.453 6. HI 7.168 7.588 8.061 8.597 9.210 9.917 10.743
-19 6.764 7.101 7.473 7.888 8.350 8.871 9.461 10.136 10.914 11.822
-18 7.438 7.808 8.218 8.673 9.182 9.754 10.404 11. 146 12.002 13.001
-17 8.173 8.579 9.030 9.530 10.090 10.718 11.432 12.248 13. 188 lit. 287
-16 8.973 9.420 9.915 10.464 11.079 11.769 12.553 13.449 lit. 482 15.688
-15 9.846 10.336 10.878 11.482 12.156 12.914 13.774 14.757 15.891 17.215
L'nity - Unite: 1 g kg-I
-14 1.080 1.133 1.193 1.259 1.333 1.416 1.510 1.618 1.743 1.888
-13 1.183 1.242 1.307 1.379 1.460 1.552 1.655 1.773 1.910 2.069
-12 1.295 1.360 1.431 1.510 1.599 1.699 1.812 1.942 2.091 2.265
-11 1.417 1.488 1.566 1.653 1.750 1.859 1.983 2.125 2.288 2.479

-10 1.549 1.627 1.712 1.807 1.913 2.033 2.168 2.323 2.502 2.711
-9 1.693 1.777 1.871 1.975 2.091 2.222 2.370 2.539 2.735 2.963
-8 J.849 1.941 2.043 2.156 2.283 2.426 2.588 2.773 2.987 3.236
-7 2.018 2.118 2.230 2.353 2.492 2.648 2.825 3.027 3.260 3.532
-6 2.200 2.310 2.432 2.567 2.718 2.888 3.081 3.302 3.556 3.853
-5 2.398 2.518 2.651 2.798 2.963 3.148 3.358 3.599 3.877 4.201
-4 2. Ht 2.743 2.887 3.048 3.227 3.429 3.659 3.921 4.224 4.577
-3 2.844 2.986 3.143 3. H8 3.514 3.734 3.983 4.269 4.599 4.984
-2 3.094 3.248 3.420 3.610 3.823 4.063 4.334 4.645 5.005 5.424
-1 3.364 3.532 3.718 3.925 4.157 4.418 4.714 5.052 5.443 5.900

0 3.655 3.838 4.041 4.266 4.518 4.801 5.123 5.491 5.916 6.413

IV.1968
 ;-
I

(
II
TABLE 4.13 - 20 I
i

If p, mb I
°0 550 500 450 400
T
350
T
300 250
T
200 150
T
100 ( I
I

Unity - Unite: 0.000 01 g kg-I

-100 2.915 3.497 4.369 5.822 8.729
-99 3.571 4.283 5.351 7.132 10.692 (
-98 4.364 5.235 6.540 8.716 13.061
-97 5.322 6.383 7.975 10.628 15.934
-96 6.475 7.766 9.703 12. 931 19.387
-95 7.861 9.429 11.780 15.699 23. 531
-94 9.523 11.422 lit. 271 19.019 28. 515 (
Unity - Unite: 0.000 1 g kg-I
-.93 1.151 1.381 1.725 2.299 3.441
-92 1.389 1.666 2.081 2.774 4.159
-91 1.672 2.006 2.506 3.340 5.007 (
-90 10 208 1.3ltl 1.508 1. n,3 2.009 2.410 3.011 It. 013 6.017
-89 1.448 1.608 1.809 2.066 2.409 2.890 3.611 4.812 7.215
-88 1.733 1.925 2.165 2.lt73 2.884 3. It59 It. 322 5.760 8.636
-87 2.1170 2.300 2.586 2.954 3. ""5 4.132 5.163 6.881 10.316 (
-86 2.469 2.742 3.083 ·3.522 4.107 4.927 6.156 8.204 12.301
-85 2.938 3.263 3.669 4.192 It. 888 5.864 7.326 9.765 14.640
-84 3. 490 3.876 It. 359 It> 980 5.807 6. 966 8.704 11.600 17.393
-83 4.139 4.597 5.169 5.905 6.887 8.261 10.321 13.756 20.626
-82
-81
4.899
5.790
5.442
6.430
6.119
7.231
6.991
8.261
8.152
9.631t
9.779
11.556
12.218
1'4. It39
16.285
19.2lt4
24.417
28.854
(
-80 6.211 6.830 7.586 8.530 9.7lt5 11.365 13.632 17. OH 22·102 34.040
-79
-78
7.315
8.601
8.043
9.457
8.934
10.504
10.0lt6
11.812
11. It77
13. It91t
13.385
15.737
16.055
18.877
20.061
23.588
21:. 737
31.437
ItO.090
47.138
(
Unity - Unite: 0.001 g kg-i
-77 1.010 1.110 1.233 1.387 1.581t 1.847 2.216 2.769 3.690 5.533
-76 1.183 1.301 1.445 1.625 1.856 2.165 2.597 3.245 It. 325 6.485
-75 1.384 1.522 1.691 1.901 2.172 2.533 3.039 3.797 5.061 7.588 (
-74 1.617 1.778 1.975 2.221 2.538 2.960 3.550 4. It36 5.913 8.865
-73 1.887 2.074 2.304 2.591 2.960 3.452 4. lItl 5.175 6.897 10.341
-72 2.197 2. 1t16 2.684 3.018 3. 448 4.021 It. 823 6.027 8.033 12.045
-71 2.555 2.810 3.121 3.510 4.010 4.676 5.609 7.010 9.342 14.008
(
-70 2.967 3. 263 3.624 4.076 It> 657 5.431 6. 514 8.140 10.8lt9 16. 268
-69 3.441 3.781t 4.203 4.126 5.400 6. 297 7.551t 9.439 12.581 18.864
-68 3.984 4.381 It. 866 5. It73 6. 252 1.292 8.747 10.930 14.568 21.841t
-67
-66
4.607
5.319
5.066
5.8lt9
5.627
6.497
6.328
1.301
1.230
8.348
8.431
9.736
10.114
11.619
12.638
14.594
1&.845
19.451
25.259
29.167
(
-65 6.134 6.7lt5 1.492 8.425 9.626 11.226 13.467 16. 828 22.430 33. 633
-64 7.063 1.767 8.627 9.102 11.085 12.928 15.508 19.318 25.829 38.732
-63 8.123 8.932 9.922 11.151 12. 748 14.861 17.835 22.286 29.105 It 4. 543
-62 9.329 10.259 11.395 12.814 14. 641 11•.015 20.484 25.595 34.111 51. 160
(
Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-I
-61 1.070 1.177 1.307 1.470 1.619 1.959 2.350 2.936 3.913 5.868

-60 1.226 1.348 1.497 1.684 1.924 2.244 2.692 3.363 4.483 6.723 (
-59 1.402 1.542 1.713 1.926 2.201 2.561 3. 080 3.848 5.129 7.692
-58 1.602 1.762 1.957 2.201 :z. 515 2.933 3. 519 4.397 5.861 8.790
-57 1.829 2.011 2.234 2.512 2.810 3.31t8 4.016 5.019 6.690 10.032
-56 2.085 2.293 2.547 2.864 3.212 3.816 4.518 5.721 7.626 11.436
-55
-54
2.374
2.699
2.610
2.968
2.899
3. 297
3.261
3.108
3. 725
It. 237
4.345
4.941
5.213
5.928
6.514
7.408
8.683
9.874
13.021
14.808
(
-53 3.066 3.372 3.145 4.212 4.812 5.613 6.734 8.414 11. 216 16.821
-52 3.419 3.826 4.249 4.779 5.460 6.368 1.640 9.5lt7 12.726 19.086
-51 3.943 4.336 It. 816 5.416 6.188 1.211 8.659 10.820 14. It24 21.631
(

(
IV.I968
 TABLE 4.13 - 21

tf p, mb
·C 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-1

-50 4. It63 It. 908 5. It52 6.131 7.005 8.171 9.802 12.2109 16.·329 21t. It89
-It9 5.0lt7 5.550 6. 165 6.931t 7.922 9.2ltO H.085 13.852 18. It65 27.691t
-Its 5.701 6.269 6.961t 7.832 8.9lt9 10. It37 12.521 15.6lt8 20.859 31.285
-It7 6.43-3 7.07lt 7.858 8.838 10.098 H.777 lit. 129 17.657 23.538 35.30lt
-It6 7.251 7.971t 8.857 9.962 H.382 13.275 15. 926 19.903 26.533 39.797
-It5 8.165 8.979 9.973- H.217 12.816 14. 91t8 17.931t 22. It12 29.877 "It. 815
-It" 9.184 10.099 H.218 12.618 lIt.U7 16. 815 20. 173- 25.2H 33.609 50.U5
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-1
-It3 1.032 1.135 1.261 1.418 1.620 1.890 2.267 2.833 3.777 5.666
-It2 1.158 1.271t 1.415 1.592 1.819 2.121 2.5lt5 3.180 It. 240 6.361
-41 1.299 1. It29 1.587 1.785 2.0ltO 2.379 2.851t 3.567 It. 755 7.131t

-ItO 1. It56 1.601 1.778 2.000 2.285 2.665 3.198 3. 997 5.328 7.991t
-39 1.629 1.792 1.990 2.239 2.558 2.983 3.579 It.It71t 5.961t 8.9lt9
-38 1.822 2.003 2.225 2.503 2.860 3.336 It. 003 5.003 6.670 10.009
-37 2.035 2.238 2. It86 2.797 3. 195 3.727 It.1t72 5.589 7.452 H.193
-36 2.272 2. It98 2.775 3.121 3.567 It. 160 It. 992 6. 239 8.319 12.lt81t
-35 2.533 2.786 3.091t 3. It81 3. 977 4.639 5.567 6. 958 9.218 13. 924
-34 2.822 3.104 3. It48 3.878 It. 431 5.169 6.202 7.752 10.338 15.516
-33 3.141 3. It55 3.837 4.317 It. 932 5. 751t 6.904 8.630 H.509 17.276
-32 3.493 3.8lt2 4.268 It. 801 5.486 6. 399 7.679 9.599 12.801 19.218
-31 3.881 4.269 4.7It2 5.334 6. 095 7.1H 8.533 10.667 lit. 221 21.360

-30 It. 309 4.73-9 5.265 5.922 6.167 7.895 9. It75 H.844 15. 198 23.722
-29 It. 780 5.257 5.8ltO 6.570 7.507 8.758 10.5H 13.1ltO 17.527 26.323
-28 5.298 5.827 6. 1t73 7.281 8.321 9.708 H.651 lit. 566 19.1t31 29.186
-27 5.861 6. It53 7.168 8.061t 9.215 10.151 12.903 16.133 21.523 32.331t
-26 6.491 7. lItO 7.932 8.923 10. 197 H.897 lit. 280 17.855 23.822 35.795
-25 7.177 7.891t 8.770 9.866 H.275 13. 155 15.790 19.745 26.3lt6 39.595
-21t 7.929 8.721 9.689 10.899 12. It56 I1t.531t 11.4'16 21.818 29. H5 43.167
-23 8.752 9.627 10.696 12.032 13. 751 16. Olt6 19.261 21t.090 32.151 ItS. 3lt2
-22 9.653 10.618 H.798 13. 272 15. 169 17.701 21. H9 26.578 35. It77 53.358
Unity - Unite: 1 g kg-l
-21 1.061t 10170 1.300 1. It63 1.672 1.951 2.342 2.930 3.912 5.885

-20 1.172 1.289 1. It32 1.6H 1.8lt2 2. lIt9 2.580 3. 228 4.310 6. It 81
-19 1.290 1.419 1.576 1.773- 2.027 2.366 2.8ltO 3.551t It. 7It6 1. ilt5
-18 1. It18 1.560 1.73-3 1.950 2. 229 2.602 3.121t 3. 910 5.222 7.865
-17 1.558 1. 71 It 1.905 2.1lt3 2.450 2.860 3. It31t It. 298 5.1lt2 8.652
-16 1.7H 1.883 2.092 2.351t 2.691 3. lItl 3.773 It. 722 6.310 9.512
-15 1.878 2.066 2.296 2.583 2.951t 3. It48 It. 141 5.184 6.930 10. It51
-14 2.059 2.266 2.518 2.833- 3. 239 3.782 It.5lt3 5.688 7.605 H.1t76
-13 2.257 2. It83 2.759 3.105 3.551 4. lIt5 It. 980 6.237 8.341 12.591t
-12 2. It71 2.719 3.022 3. ItOl 3.889 4.5ltl 5. It56 6. 831t 9. lIt3 13.814
-11 2.705 2.976 3.308 3.722 It. 257 It. 971 5. 914 7. It81t 10.016 15. 143

-10 2.958 3.255 3.618 It. 072 4.657 5. It39 6.537 8.191 10.967 16.593
-9 3.233 3.558 3.955 It. It51 5.091 5.9lt7 7. lit 8 8.959 12.001 18.172
-8 3.531 3.886 It. 320 It. 863 5.562 6. It98 1.812 9.791t 13. 125 19.893
-7 3.855 It.2lt2 It. 716 5.309 6.071t 7.096 8.533 10. 701 I1t.3ltl 21.767
-6 4.205 4.628 5.1lt5 5.793 6.628 7.7lt5 9.315 11.686 15.676 23.809
-5 4.585 5.0lt6 5.6H 6.317 7.229 8. Itlt8 10.164 12.751t 17.119 26.031
-4 4.996 5.498 6. lIlt 6.885 7.880 9.211 11.083 13.913 18.681 28.451
-3 5.440 5.988 6. 659 7.500 8.584 10.036 12.080 15.171 20.389 31.081
-2 5.921 6.518 7.249 8.165 9.341 10.930 13.160 16.534 22.237 33.956
-1 6.lt40 7.090 7.886 8.881t 10.172 11.898 110.329 18.011 21.. 244 37.081

0 7.001 7.709 8.575 9.662 11.061t 12.91tlt 15.595 19.612 26.422 40. ItS 5

IV.196B
 TABLE 4.13 - 22
(

If p, rob
°0 70 50 30 20 10 7 2 1 (
r r r r r r r
Unity - Unite: 0.000 1 g kg-1
-100 1.247 1.745 2.908 4.361 8.721 12.459 17.442 29.067 43.601 87.202
-99
-98
1.527
1.866
2.137
2.612
3.562
4.353
5.342
6.529
10.683
13.056
15.261
18.651
21.365
26.111
35.606
43.515
53.408
65.273
106.818
130.548
(
-97 2.276 3.185 5.308 7.961 15.920 22.743 31.840 53.063 79.595 159.192
-96 2.769 3.876 6.458 9.686 19.371 27.671 38.740 M.563 96.845 193.693
-95 3.361 4.705 7.841 11.760 23.518 33.595 47.033 78.385 117. 578 235.159
28. 491 94.962 142.444
-94
-93
4.072
4.923
5.700
6.891
9.499
11.484
14.247
17.224 34.444
40.·699
49.203
56.979
68.884 114.804 172.208
284.895
344.425 (
-92 5.940 8. 3 tit 13.854 20.780 41.555 59.360 83. 104 138.506 207.761 415.536
-91 7.151 10.010 16.681 25.019 50.032 71.469 100.057 166.761 25'0.145 500. 310

-90 8.593 12~ 027 20.043 30.062 60.118 85.875 120.226 200.379 300.574 601.177 (
Unity - Unite: 0.001 g kg-1
-89 1.030 1.442 2.404 3.605 7.210 10.298 14.418 24.030 36.046 72.096
-88 1.233 1.726 2.877 4.315 8.629 12.326 17.257 28. 762 43.144 86.294
-87
-86
1.473
1.757
2.062
2.459
3.437
4.098
5.155
6.146
10.309
12.292
14.725
17.558
20.616
24. 582
34.360
40.971
51.542
61.458
103.092
122.929
(
-85 2.091 2.927 4.877 7.315 14.630 20.898 29.257 48.763 73.148 146.313
-84 2.484 3.477 5.794 8.690 17.380 24.827 34.758 57.933 86.903 173.830
-83 2.946 4.123 6.871 10.306 20.611 29.442 41.220 68.703 103.060 206.155
-82
-.81
3.487
4.121
4.881
5.769
8.134
9.612
12.200
14.417
24.400
28.835
34.854
41.190
48. 797
57.667
81.333
96.117
122.007
144. 187
244.062
288.441 (
-80 4.862 6.805 11.340 17.008 34.018 48.593 68.033 113.396 170.110 340. 312
-79 5.726 8.015 13.356 20.032 40.065 57.231 80. 127 133. 556 200.356 400.841
-78 6.733 9.424 15.704 23.553 47.109 67.2"94 94.215 157.041 235.591 471.361 (
-77 7.903 11.063 18.434 27.649 55. 301 78.996 110.600 184.355 276.574 553.393
-76 9· 262 12.965 21.605 32.405 64.813 92.584 129.626 216.073 324.166 648.671
Unity - Unite: 0.01 g kg-1
-75 1.084 1.517 2.528 3.792 7.584 10.834 15. 169 25.285 37.935 75.917 (
-74 1.266 1.772 2.954 4.430 8.861 12.658 17.722 29.543 44.325 88.712
,,73 1.477 2.068 3.445 5.168 10.336 14.766 20.674 34.465 51•• 711 103.508
-72 1.720 2.408 4.013 6.019 12.040 17.199 24.081 40.146 60.239 120.594
-71 2.001 2.801 4.667 7.000 14.003 20.004 28.009 46.695 70.069 140.296
(
-70 2.324 3.253 5.420 8.130 16.262 23.231 32.529 54.233 81.385 162.984
-69 2.694 3.772 6.285 9.428 18.858 26.941 37.724 62.898 94.395 189.077
-68 3.120 4.368 7.278 10.917 21.838 31.198 '03.686 72.845 109.331 219.047
-67
-66
3.608
4.166
5.050
5.832
8.416
9.718
12.624
14.577
25.253
29. 162
36.078
41.664
50.521
58.345
84.247
97.302
126.456
146. 067
253.428
292.821 (
-65 4.804 6.725 11.207 16.810 33.630 48.048 67.289 112.229 168.495 337.906
-64 5.532 7.744 12.906 19.359 38.730 55.338 77.501 129.275 194.114 389.444
-63 6.362 8.906 14.843 22.265 44.545 63.649 89.146 148.718 223.344 448.299
-62 7.307 10.229 17.048 25.573 51.167 73.115 102.408 170.868 256.655 515.437
-61 8.382 11.733 19.556 29.335 58.698 83.880 117.496 196.073 294.574 591.951 (
-60 9.602 13.442 22.404 33.608 67.253 96.110 134.638 224.720 337.691 679.068
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-I (
-59 1.099 1.538 2.563 3.846 7.696 10.999 15.409
-58 1.255 1.758 2.929 4.395 8.796 12.572 17.615
-57 1.433 2.006 3.344 5.016 10.041 14.352 20.112
-56 1.633 2.287 3.812 5.719 11.448 16.366 22.937
-55
-54
1.860
2.115
2.604
2.961
4.340
4.937
6.512
7.407
13.038
14. 832
18.641
21.208
26.128
29.731
(
-53 2.403 3.364 5.608 8.415 16.853 24. 101 33.794
-52 2.726 3.817 6.364 9.550 19. 129 27.360 38.372
-51 3.090 4.326 7.213 10.825 21.688 31.026 43.524

(
IV.19GB
 TABLE 4.13 - 23

If p, mb
°0 70 50 30 20 10 7 5 2 1
r r r r
Unity - Unite: 0.1 g kg-I
-50 3.498 4.898 8.167 12.258 24.564 35.147 49.317
-49 3.956 5.540 9.237 13.865 27.792 39.775 55.828
-48 4.469 6.258 10.436 15.666 31. <H2 44.967 63.137
-47 5.044 7.063 11.779 17.683 35.467 50.788 71.336
-46 5.686 7.962 13.280 19.940 40.007 57.308 80.528
-45 6.403 8.967 14.958 22.!t61 45.085 64.605 90.824
-44 7.203 10.088 16.830 25.277 50.760 72.766 102.351
-43 8.095 11.338 18.918 28. "18 57.097 81.887 115.248
-42 9.089 12. 731 21.245 31.919 64.168 92.073 129.670
Unity - Unite: 1 g kg-I
-41 1.019 1. "28 2.384 3.582 7.205 10.3"4 14.579

-40 1.142 1.600 2.672 4.016 8.08" 11.613 16.380

-39 1.279 1.792 2.992 ".498 9.062 13.027 18.392
-38 1.431 2.00" 3.347 5.034 10. 151 14.603 20.638
-37 1.599 2.240 3.742 5.629 11.361 16. 359 23. 146
-36 1; '183 2.501 4.179 6.289 12.707 18. 3H 25. 945
-35 1.991 2.790 4.66't 7.021 14.203 20. "91 29.070
-3" 2.219 3.110 5.200 7.832 15.865 22.914 32.560
-33 2.470 3.464 5.794 8.730 17.709 25.612 36. 457
-32 2.748 3.854 6.450 9.721t 19.757 28.614 ItO.811
-31 3.055 4.285 7.175 10.823 22.030 31.957 45.678

-30 3.394 4.761 7.975 12.039 24.552 35.678 51.122

-29 3.767 5.285 8.858 13.381 27.351 39.823 57.218
-28 4.177 5.863 9.832 14.865 30.457 1t4.4lt2 M.050
-27 4.629 6. "99 10.906 16.503 33. 905 49.592 71.716
-26 5.125 7.199 12.090 18.310 37.732 55.339 80.333
-25 5.671 7.968 13.393 20.306 41.982 61.757 90.036
-2" 6.270 8.813 14.827 22.507 46.704 68.934
-23 6.928 9.742 16.406 2".936 51.951t 76.969
-22 7.650 10.761 18. l't3 27.615 57.795 85.981
-21 8.441 11.880 20.05" 30.5-70 64.301 96. 107

-20 9.307 13. 108 22.155 33.831 71.555

-19 10.257 14.453 2".465 37.430 79.652
-18 11.296 15.928 27.005 41.402 88.707
-17 12.433 17. 54't 29.798 "5.789 98.852
-16 13.676 19.315 '32.869 50.636
-15 15.036 21.254 36.245 55.994
-14 16.523 23.378 39.960 61.922
-13 18. 147 25.703 4".047 68.488
-12 19.921 28.249 48.546 75. 767
-11 21.859 31.036 53.501 83.8lt8

-10 23.976 34.088 58.962 92.833

-9 26.287 37.431 64.985
-8 28.811 41.092 71.634
-7 31.567 45.104 78.983
-6 34.576 49.502 87.116
-5 37.863 54.325 96.128
-4 41. 1t53 59.618
-3 45.377 65.430
-2 "9.666 71.818
-1 54.356 78.8"6
0 59.489 86.587

IV.19GB
 TABLE 4.13 - 24
(

Table 4.13.5 Thermodynamic frost-point temperature as a function of thermo-

dynamic dew-point temperature (
Temperature thermodynamique du point de gelee en fonction de la
temperature thermodynamique du point de rosee
(
td' °0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
00 If' 00 tf' °0 tf , °0 t , °0
f
If' 00 t f , °0 tft °C t
f, °0 tit °C t f , °0
(
-50 -46.05
-49 -45.09 -45. 19 -45.29 -45.39 -45.49 -45. 58 -45.68 -45.71 -45.86 -45.95
-48 -44.13 -44.23 -44. B -44.43 -44.53 -44.62 -44.71 -44. 81 -44.90 -44.99
-47 -43.18 -43.28 -43. 38 -43.47 -43.57 -43.66 -43.76 -43. 85 -43.94 -44.0,3
-46 -42.23 -42.32 -42.42 -42.52 -42. 61 -42.71 -42.80 -42.89 -42.98 -43.01
(
-45 -41.27 -41.37 -41.47 -41.56 -41.66 -41.75 -41.84 -41.93 -42.03 -42.13
-44 -40. 32 -40.42 -40.51 -40.61 -40.70 ~40. 80 ~40. 89 -40.98 -41.08 -41.11
-43 -39.37 -39.47 -39. 56 -39.66 -39.75 -39.84 -39.93 -40.03 -40. 13 -40.23
-42 -38.43 -38.52 -38. 61 -38.71 -38.80 -38.89 -38.98 -39.08 -39.18 -39.21
-41 -37.48 -37.57 -37.67 -37.76 -37.85 -37.94 -38.04 -38.13 -38.23 -31.33 (
-40 -36.53 -36.63 -36. 72 -36.81 -36. 90 -36. 99 -37.09 -37.19 -37.29 -37.31
-39 -35.59 -35.68 ~35. 71 -35.87 -35.96 -36.05 ~36. 15 -.36. 25 -36.34 -36. 44
-38 -34.65 -34.74 -34.83 -34.92 -35.01 -35.11 -35.21 -35.30 -35.40 -35. 50
-37
-36
-33.11
-32.76
-33.80
-32. 86
-33. 89
-32.95
-33.98
-33.04
-34.07
-B. 14
-34. 17
-B. 23
-34.27
-33. B
-34.36
-33.42
-34.46
-33.52
-34.55
-33. 61
(
-35 -31.83 -31.92 -32.01 -32.10 -32.20 -32.30 -32.39 -32.49 -32.58 -32.67
-34 -30.89 -30.98 -31.07 -31. 17 -31.27 -31.36 -31.46 -31.55 -31.64 -31.13
-33 -29.95 -30.04 -30. 14 -30.24 -30.33 -30.43 -30.52 -30.61 -3D. 71 -30.10
-32 -29.02 -29.11 -29. 21 -29.31 -29.40 -29.49 -29.59 -29.68 -29.71 -29.16 (
-31 -28.09 -28.19 ~28. 28 -28.38 -28.47 -28.56 -28.66 -28.75 -28.84 -21.93

-30 -27.16 -27.26 -27. 35 -27.45 -27.54 -27.63 -27.72 -27.81 -27.90 -27.99
-29 -26.24 -26. 33 -26.43 -26.52 -26.61 -26.70 -26.79 -26.88 -26.97 -27.07
-28
-27
-25.31
-24.39
-25.41
-24.48
-25.50
-24.57
-25.59
-24.67
-25.68
-24. 76
-25.77
-24.85
-25.'86
-24.94
-25.95
-25.03
-26.05
-25. 12
-26.14
-25.22
(
-26 -23.47 -23.56 -23.65 -23. 74 -23.83 -23.92 -24.01 -24.11 -24.20 -24. ,30

-25 -22.55 -22.64 -22.73 -22.82 -22.91 -23.00 -23.09 -23. 19 -23.28 -23. 37
-24 -21.63 -21.72 -21.81 -21. 89 -21.98 -22.08 -22.17 -22.27 -22.36 -22.45
-23 -20.71 -20.80 -20.88 -20.97 -21.07 -21.16 -21.26 -21.35 -21.44 -21.5,3 (
-22 -19.79 -19.88 -19.96 -20.06 -20. 15 -20.25 -2e.34 -20.43 -20. 52 -20.62
-21 -18. 87 -18.96 -19.05 -19.14 -19.24 -19.33 -19.42 -19.52 -19.61 -19.70

-20 -17.95 -18.04 -18.14 -18.23 -18.33 -18.42 -18.51 -18.60 -18.69 -18.11
-19
-18
-17.04
-16. 13
-17.13
-16.23
-17.23
-16. 32
-1'1.32
-16.41
-17.41
-16. 50
-17.51
-16.59
-17.60
-16.68
-17.69
-16. 77
-17.78
-16.86
-17.86
-16.95
(
-17 -15.23 -15.32 -15.41 -15.50 -15.59 -15.68 -15.77 -15. 86 -15.95 -16.04
-16 -14.32 -14.41 -14. 50 -14.59 -14.68 -14.71 -i4.86 -14.95 -15.04 -15.13

-14.23
-15
-14
-13.42
-12.51
-13.51
-12.60
-13.60
-12.69
-13. 69
-12.78
-13.78
-12.87
-13.86
-12.95
-13.95
-13.05
-14.04
-13. 14
-14.13
-13.23 -13. 32 (
-13 -11.61 -11.70 -11."79 -11.87 -11.96 -12.05 -12.14 -12. 24 -12.33 -12.42
-12 -10.71 -10.79 -10.88 -10.97 -11.06 -11.15 -11.24 -11.34 -11.43 -11.52
-11 -9.80 -9.89 -9.98 -10.07 -10.16 -10.25 -10.35 -10.44 -10.53 -10.62

-10 -8.90 -8.99 -9.08 -9.17 -9.27

-8.37
-9.36 -9.45 -9.54 -9.63
-8.73
-9.ll
-8.11
(
-9 -8.00 -8.09 -8.19 -8.28 -8.46 -8.55 -8.64
-8 -7.11 -7.20 -7.29 -7.38 -7.47 -7.56 -7.65 -7.74 -7.83 -7.92
-7 -6.22 -6. 31 -6.40 -6.49 -6.58 -6.67 -6.76 -6. 84 -6.93 -7.02
-6 -5.33 -5.42 -5.51 -5.60 -5.69 -5.77 -5.86 -5.95 -6.04 -6. 13

-5 -4.44 -4.53 -4.62 -4.70 -4.79 -4.88 -4.97 -5. 05 -5.15 -5.24 (
-4 -3.55 -3.64 -3.73 -3.81 -3.90 -3.99 -4.08 -4.17 -4.26 -4.35
-3 -2.66 -2.75 -2.84 -2.92 -3. 01 -3.10 -3.19 -3.28 -3.37 -3.46
-2 -1.77 -1.86 -1.95 -2.03 -2.12 -2.22 -2.31 -2.40 -2.48 -2.57
-1 -0.89 -0.97 -1.06 -1. 15 -1.24 -1.33 -1.42 -1.51 -1.60 -1.69

-0 -0.00 -0.09 -0.18 -0.27 -0.36 -0.45 -0.54 -0.63 -0.71 -0. ID
(

(
IV.19G8
 TABLE 4.14 - 1

Table 4.14.1 Ratio of absolute potential temperature to absolute

temperature for dry air as a function of pressure
Rapport de la temperature potentielle absolue CL la tempe-
Pressure
rature absolue pour l'air sec en fonction de la pression
Pression 0 2 4 7 8
mb
0 7.1969 5.9038 5.2580 4.8431 4.5440 4.3133 4.1275 3.9730 3.8415
10 3.7276 3.6275 3.5384 3.4584 3.3859 3.3198 3.2592 3.2032 3.1513 3.1030
20 3.0579 3.0155 2.9757 2.9382 2.9027 2.8690 2.8370 2.8066 2.7776 2.7499
30 2.7234 2.6980 2.6736 2.6502 2.6277 2.6060 2.5851 2.5650 2.5455 2.5267
40 2.5085 2.4908 2.4738 2.4572 2.4411 2.4255 2.4103 2.3955 2.3812 2.3672
50 2.3535 2.3403 2.3273 2.3147 2.3024 2.2903 2.2786 2.2671 2.2558 2.2448
60 2.2341 2.2236 2.2133 2.2032 2.1933 2.1836 2.1741 2.1647 2.1556 2.1466
70 2.1378 2.1292 2.1207 2.1123 2.1042 2.0961 2.0882 2.0804 2.0727 2.0652
80 2.0578 2.0505 2.0433 2.0363 2.0293 2.0225 2.0157 2.0091 2.0025 1.9961
90 1.9897 1.9834 1.9772 1.9711 1.9651 1.9592 1.9533 1.9476 1.9419 1.9362
100 1.9307 1.9252 1.9198 1.9145 1.9092 1.9040 1.8988 1.8937 1.8887 1.8837
110 1.8788 1.8740 1.8692 1.8644 1.8598 1.8551 1.8505 1.8460 1.8415 1.8371
120 1.8327 1.8284 1.8241 1.8198 1.8156 1.8114 1.8073 1.8033 1.7992 1.7952
130 1.7913 1.7873 1.7835 1.7796 1.7758 1.7721 1.7683 1.7646 1.7610 1.7573
140 1.7537 1.7502 1.7466 1.7431 1.7397 1.7362 1.7328 1.7295 1.7261 1.7228
150 1.7195 1.7162 1.7130 1.7098 1.7066 1.7035 1.7003 1.6972 1.6942 1.6911
160 1.6881 1.6851 1.6821 1.6791 1.6762 1.6733 1.6704 1.6676 1.6647 1.66"19
170 1.6591 1.6563 1.6536 1.6508 1.6481 1.6454 1.6427 1.6401 1.6374 1.6348
180 1.6322 1.6296 1.6271 1.6245 1.6220 1.6195 1.6170 1.6145 1.6121 1.6096
190 1.6072 1.6048 1.6024 1.6000 1.5977 1.5953 1.5930 1.5907 1.5884 1.5861
200 1.5838 1.5816 1.5793 1.5771 1.5749 1.5727 1.5705 1.5683 1.5662 1.5640
210 1.5619 1.5598 1.5577 1.5556 1.5535 1.5514 1.5494 1.5473 1.5453 1.5433
220 1.5413 1.5393 1.5373 1.5353 1.5334 1.5314 1.5295 1.5275 1.5256 1.5237
230 1.5218 1.5199 1.5181 1.5162 1.5143 1.5125 1.5107 1.5088 1.5070 1.5052
240 1.5034 1.5016 1.4999 1.4981 1.4963 1.4946 1.4929 1.4911 1.4894 1.4877
250 1.4860 1.4843 1.4826 1.4809 1.4793 1.4776 1.4760 1.4743 1.4727 1.4711
260 1.4694 1.4678 1.4662 1.4646 1.4630 1.4615 1.4599 1.4583 1.4568 1.4552
270 1.4537 1.4521 1.4506 1.4491 1.4476 1.4461 1.4446 1.4431 1.4416 1.4401
280 1.4386 1.4372 1.4357 1.4343 1.4328 1.4314 1.4300 1.4285 1.4271 1.4257
290 1.4243 1.4229 1.4215 1.4201 1.4187 1.4174 1.4160 1.4146 1.4133 1.4119
300 1.4106 1.4092 1.4079 1.4066 1.4052 1.4039 1.4026 1.4013 1.4000 1.3987
310 1.3974 1.3961 1.3948 1.3936 1.3923 1.3910 1.3898 1.3885 1.3873 1.3860
320 1.3848 1.3836 1.3823 1.3811 1.3799 1.3787 1.3775 1.3763 1.3751 1.3739
330 1.3727 1.3715 1.3703 1.3691 1.3680 1.3668 1.3656 1.3645 1.3633 1.3622
340 1.3610 1.3599 1.3587 1.3576 1.3565 1.3554 1.3542 1.3531 1.3520 1.3509
350 1.3498 1.3487 1.3476 1.3465 1.3454 1.3443 1.3433 1.3422 1.3411 1.3400
360 1.3390 1.3379 1.3369 1.3358 1.3347 1.3337 1.3327 1.3316 1.3306 1.3296
370 1.3285 1.3275 1.3265 1.3255 1.3245 1.3234 1.3224 1.3214 1.3204 1.3194
380 1.3184 1.3175 1.3165 1.3155 1.3145 1.3135 1.3126 1.3116 1.3106 1.3097
390 1.3087 1.3077 1.3068 1.3058 1.3049 1.3039 1.3030 1.3021 1.3011 1.3002
400 1.2993 1.2983 1.2974 1.2965 1.2956 1.2947 1.2937 1.2928 1.2919 1.2910
410 1.2901 1.2892 1.2883 1.2874 1.2866 1.2857 1.2848 1.2839 1.2830 1.2822
420 1.2813 1.2804 1.2795 1.2787 1.2778 1.2770 1.2761 1.2752 1.2744 1.2735
430 1.2727 1.2718 1.2710 1.2702 1.2693 1.2685 1.2677 1.2668 1.2660 1.2652
440 1.2644 1.2635 1.2627 1.2619 1.2611 1.2603 1.2595 1.2587 1.2579 1.2571
450 1.2563 1.2555 1.2547 1.2539 1.2531 1.2523 1.2515 1.2507 1.2500 1.2492
460 1.2484 1.2476 1.2469 1.2461 1.2453 1.2446 1.2438 1.2430 1.2423 1.2415
470 1.2408 1.2400 1.2393 1.2385 1.2378 1.2370 1.2363 1.2355 1.2348 1.2340
480 1.2333 1.2326 1.2319 1.2311 1.2304 1.2297 1.2289 1.2282 1.2275 1.2268
490 1.2261 1.2254 1.2246 1.2239 1.2232 1.2225 1.2218 1.2211 1.2204 1.2197
500 1.2190 1.2183 1.2176 1.2169 1.2162 1.2156 1.2149 1.2142 1.2135 1.2128
510 1.2121 1.2115 1.2108 1.2101 1.2094 1.2088 1.2081 1.2074 1.2068 1.2061
520 1.2054 1.20'18 1.2041 1.2035 1.2028 1.2021 1.2015 1.2008 1.2002 1.1995
530 1.1989 1.1982 1.1976 1.1970 1.1963 1.1957 1.1950 1.1944 1.1938 1.1931
540 1.1925 1.1919 1.1912 1.1906 1.1900 1.1894 1.1887 1.1881 1.1875 1.1869
IV.19G8
 (
TABLE 4.14 - 2

Pressure
Pression, 0 2 4 8 (
mb

550 1.1863 1.1857 1.1850 1.1844 1.1838 1.1832 1.1826 1.1820 1.1814 1.1808
560 1.1802 1.1796 1.1790 1.1784 1.1778 1.1772 1.1766 1.1760 1.1754 1.1748
570 1.1742 1.1736 1.1730 1.1725 1.1719 1.1713 1.1707 1.1701 1.1696 1.1690
580 1.1684 1.1678 1.1673 1.1667 1.1661 1.1655 1.1650 1.1644 1.1638 1.1633 (
590 1.1627 1.1621 1.1616 1.1610 1.1605 1.1599 1.1594 1.1588 1.1582 1.1577
600 1.1571 1.1566 1.1560 1.1555 1.1549 1.1544 1.1539 1.1533 1.1SZ8 1.1522
610 1.1517 1.1511 1.1506 1.1501 1.1495 1.1490 1.1485 1.1479 1.1474 1.1469
620 1.1463 1.1458 1.1453 1.1448 1.1442 1.1437 1.1432 1.1427 1.1422 1.1416 (
630 1.1411 1.1406 1.1401 1.1396 1.1391 1.1385 1.1380 1.1375 1.1370 1.1365
640 1.1360 1.1355 1.1350 1.1345 1.1340 1.1335 1.1330 1.1325 1.13:l0 1.1315
650 1.1310 1.1305 1.1300 1.1295 1.1290 1.1285 1.1280 1.1275 1.1270 1.1265
660 1.1261 1.1256 1.1251 1.1246 1.1241 1.1236 1.1231 1.1227 1.1222 1.1217 (
670 1.1212 1.1207 1.1203 1.1198 1.1193 1.1188 1.1184 1.1179 1.1174 1.1170
680 1.1165 1.1160 1.1156 1.1151 1.1146 1.1142 1.1137 1.1132 1.1128 1.1123
690 1.1118 1.1114 1.1109 1.1105 1.1100 1.1096 1.1091 1.1086 1.1082 1.1077
700 1.1073 1.1068 1.1064 1.1059 1.1055 1.1050 1.1046 1.1041 1.1037 1.1032 (
710 1.1028 1.1024 1.1019 1.1015 1.1010 1.1006 1.1002 1.0997 1.0993 1.0988
720 1.0984 1.0980 1.0975 1.0971 1.0967 1.0962 1.0958 1.0954 1.0949 1.0945
730 1.0941 1.0937 1.0932 1.0928 1.0924 1.0920 1.0915 1.0911 1.0907 1.0903
740 1.0898 1.0894 1.0890 1.0886 1.0882 1.0877 1.0873 1.0869 1.0865 1.0861
(
750 1.0857 1.0853 1.0848 1.0844 1.0840 1.0836 1.0832 1.0828 1.0824 1.0820
760 1.0816 1.0812 1.0808 1.0803 1.0799 1.0795 1.0791 1.0787 1.0783 1.0779
770 1.0775 1.0771 1.0767 1.0763 1.0759 1.0755 1.0751 1.0748 1.0744 1.0740
780 1.0736 1.0732 1.0728 1.0724 1.0720 1.0716 1.0712 1.0708 1.0704 1.0701
790 1.0697 1.0693 1.0689 1.0685 1.0681 t0677 1.0674 1.0670 1.0666 1.0662 (
800 1.0658 1.0655 1.0651 1.0647 1.0643 1.0639 1.0636 1.0632 1.0628 1.0624
810 1.0621 1.0617 1.0613 1.0609 1.0606 1.0602 1.0598 1.0594 1.0591 1.0587
820 1.0583 1.0580 1.0576 1.0572 1.0569 1.0565 1.0561 1.0558 1.0554 1.0550
830 1.0547 1.0543 1.0540 1.0536 1.0532 1.0529 1.0525 1.0522 1.0518 1.0514 (
840 1.0511 1.0507 1.0504 1.0500 1.0497 1.0493 1.0489 1.0486 1.0482 1.0479
850 1.0475 1.0472 1.0468 1.0465 1.0461 1.0458 1.0454 1.0451 1.0447 1.0444
860 1.0440 1.0437 1.0433 1.0430 1.0427 1.0423 1.0420 1.0416 1.0413 1.0409
870 1.0406 1.0402 1.0399 1.0396 1.0392 1.0389 1.0386 10382 1.0379 1.0375 (
880 1.0372 1.0369 1.0365 1.0362 1.0359 1.0355 1.0352 1.0349 1.0345 1.0342
890 1.0339 1.0335 1.0332 1.0329 1.0325 1.0322 1.0319 1.0315 1.0312 1.0309
900 1.0306 1.0302 1.0299 1.0296 1.0293 1.0289 1.0286 1.0283 1.0280 1.0276
910 1.0273 1.0270 1.0267 1.0263 1.0260 1.0257 1.0254 1.0251 1.0247 1.0244 (
920 1.0241 1.0238 1.0235 1.0232 1.0228 1.0225 1.0222 1.0219 1.0216 1.0213
930 1.0210 1.0206 1.0203 1.0200 1.0197 1.0194 1.0191 1.0188 1.0185 1.0181
940 1.0178 1.0175 1.0172 1.0169 1.0166 1.0163 1.0160 1.0157 1.0154 1.0151
950 1.0148 1.0145 1.0142 1.0138 1.0135 1.0132 1.0129 1.0126 10123 1.0120 (
960 1.0117 1.0114 1.0111 1.0108 1.0105 1.0102 1.0099 1.0096 1.0093 1.0090
970 1.0087 1.0084 1.0081 1.0079 1.0076 1.0073 1.0070 1.0067 1.0064 1.0061
980 1.0058 1.0055 1.0052 1.0049 1.0046 1.0043 1.0040 1.0037 1.0035 1.0032
1.0029 1.0026 1.0023 1.0020 1.0017 1.0014 1.0011 1.0009 1.0006 10003
990 (
1000 1.0000 0.99971 0.99943 0.99914 0.99886 0.99858 0.99829 0.99801 0.99773 0.99744
10lD 0.99716 .99688 .99660 .99632 .99604 .99576 .99548 .99520 .99492 ..99464
1020 .99436 .99408 .99380 .99352 .99325 .99297 .99269 .99242 .99214 .99187
1030 .99159 .99132 .99104 .99077 .99049 .99022 .98995 .98967 .98940 .98913
1040 .98886 .98859 .98831 .98804 .98777 .98750 .98723 .98696 .98669 .98642 (
1050 0.98616 0.98589 0.98562 0.98535 0.98509 0.98482 0.98455 0.98429 0.98402 0.98375
1060 .98349 .98322 .98296 .98270 .98243 .98217 .98190 .98164 .98138 .98112
1070 .98085 .98059 .98033 .98007 .97981 .97955 .97929 .97903 .97877 .97851
1080 .97825 .97799 .97773 .97748 .97722 .97696 .97670 .97645 .97619 .97593 (
1090 .97568 .97542 .97517 .97491 .97466 .97440 .97415 .97390 .97364 .97339
1100 0.97314
(
rv.19BS
 TABLE 4.14 - 3

Table 4.14.2 Potential temperature of dry air as a function of pressnre

and temperature
Temperature potentielle de l'air sec en fonction de la pres-
sion et de la temperature
Pressure - pression, mb
Tempera.. , ,
ture 1050 950 900 850 800 750 700 600 500 400 350 300
°C OK oK oK oK oK oK OK oK OK oK ·K oK
-89 259.8
-88 261.2
-87 262.6
-86 264.0
-85 265.4
-84 266.8
-83 268.2
-82 269.7
-81 271.1
-80 272.5
-79 191.5 197.0 200.1 203.4 206.9 210.8 215.0 224.7 236.7 252.3 262.1 273.9
-78 192.5 198.0 201.1 204.4 208.0 211.9 216.1 225.8 237.9 253.6 263.4 275.3
-77 193.4 199.1 202.2 205.5 209.1 213.0 217.2 227.0 239.1 254.9 264.8 276.7
-76 194.4 200.1 203.2 206.5 210.1 214.1 218.3 228.1 240.3 256.2 266.1 278.1
-75 195.4 201.1 204.2 207.6 211.2 215.1 219.4 229.3 241.6 257.5 267.5 279.5
-74 196.4 202.1 205.3 208.6 212.3 216.2 220.5 230.4 242.8 258.8 268.8 280.9
-73 197.4 203.1 206.3 209.7 213.3 217.3 221.6 231.6 244.0 260.1 270.2 282.3
-72 198.4 204.1 207.3 210.7 214.4 218.4 222.7 232.8 245.2 261.4 271.5 283.8
-71 199.4 2052 208.3 211.8 215.5 219.5 223.9 233.9 246.4 262.7 272.9 2852
-70 200.3 206.2 209.4 212.8 216.5 220.6 225.0 235.1 247.7 264.0 274.2 286.6
-69 201.3- 207.2 210.4 213.9 217.6 221.7 226.1 236.2 248.9 265.3 275.6 288.0
-68 202.3 208.2 211.4 214.9 218.7 222.7 227.2 237.4 250.1 266.6 276.9 289.4
-67 203.3 209.2 212.5 216.0 219.7 223.8 228.3 238.5 251.3 267.9 278.3 290.8
-66 204.3 210.2 213.5 217.0 220.8 224.9 229.4 239.7 252.5 269.2 279.6 292.2
-65 205.3 211.2 214.5 218.0 221.9 226.0 230.5 240.9 253.7 270.5 281.0 293.6
-64 206.3 212.3 215.6 219.1 222.9 227.1 231.6 242.0 255.0 271.8 282.3 295.0
-63 207.3 213.3 216.6 220.1 224.0 228.2 232.7 243.2 256.2 273.1 283.7 296.5
-62 208.2 214.3 217.6 221.2 225.1 229.3 233.8 244.3 257.4 274.4 285.0 297.9
-61 209.2 215.3 218.7 222.~ 226.1 230.3 234.9 245.5 258.6 275.7 286.4 299.3

IV.1968
 (
TABLE 4.14 - 4

Pressure - l}re.o;.~ioll, rnb

Tempera.
, (
ture '250 200 175 150 125 100 80 60 50 40 30 20
'c 'K 'K 'K 'K OK oK 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K
-109 316.9 337.8 366.8 386.4 411.8 447.1 502.0
-108
-107
318.9
320.8
339.9
341.9
369.0
371.2
388.7
391.1
414.3
416.8
449.8
452.5
505.0
508.1
(
-106 322.7 344.0 373.5 393.4 419.3 455.2 511.2
...;105 324.7 346.0 375.7 395.8 421.8 458.0 514.2
-104
-103
326.6
328.5
348.1
350.2
377.9
380.2
398.1
400.5
424.3
426.8
460.7
463.4
517.3
520.3 (
-102 330.5 352.2 382.4 402.8 429.4 466.1 523.4.
-101 332.4 354.3 384.6 405.2 431.9 468.9 526.4
-100 334.3 356.3 386.9 407.5 434.4 471.6 529.5 (
- 99 275.8 286.6 299.5 315.5 336.3 358.4 389.1 409.9 436.9 474.3 532.6
- 98 277.4 288.2 301.2 317.3 338.2 360.4 391.3 412.2 439.4 477.0 535.6
..:... 97 279.0 289.9 302.9 319.1 340.1 362.5 293.6 414.6 441.9 479.8 538.7
-96 280.6 291.5 304.6 320.9 342.0 364.6 395.8 416.9 444.4 482.5 541.7
282.2 293.1 306.3 322.7 344.0 366.6 398.0 419.3 446.9 485.2 544.8
(
- 95
- 94 283.8 294.8 308.1 324.5 345.9 368.7 400.3 421.7 449.4 487.9 547.9
- 93 285:3 296.4 309.8 326.3 347.8 370.7 402.5 424;0 451.9 490.6 550.9
-92 286.9 298.1 311.5 328.2 349.8 372.8 404.7 426.4 454.4 493.4 554.0
- 91 288.5 299.7 313.2 330.0 351.7 374.8 407.0 428.7 456.9 496.1 557.0 (
- 90 290.1 301.4 314.9 331.8 353.6 376.9 409.2 431.1 459.5 498.8 560.1
- 89 273.7 291.7 303.0 316.7 333.6 255.6 379.0 411.4 433.4 462.0 501.5 563.1
- 88 275.1 293.3 304.7 318.4 335.4 357.5 381.0 413.7 435.8 464.5 504.3 566.2
- 87 276.6 294.8 306.3 320.1 337.2 359.4 383.1 415.9 438.1 467.0 507.0 569.3 (
- 86 278.1 296.4 308:0 321.8 339.0 361.4 385.1 418.1 440.5 469.5 509.7 572.3
- 85 279.6 298.0 309.6 323.5 340.8 363.3 387.2 420.4 442.8 472.0 512.4 575.4
-84 281.1 299.6 311.2 325.3 342.6 365.2 389.3 422.6 445.2 474.5 515.2 578.4
- 83
:.- 82
282.6
284.1
301.2
\302.8
312.9
314.5
327.0
328.7
344.5
346.3
367.1
369.1
391.3
393.4
424.8
427.1
447.5
449.9
477.0
479.5
517.9
520.6
581.5
584.5 (
- 81 285.6 304.3 316.2 330.4 348.1 371.0 395.4 429.3 452.2 482.0 523.3 587.6
- 80 287.0 305.9 317.8 332.1 349.9 372.9 397.5 431.5 454.6 484.5 526.1 590.7
- 79 288.5 307.5 319.5 333.9 351.7 374.9 399.5 433.8 457.0 487.1 528.8 593.7 (
- 78 290.0 309.1 321.1 335.6 353.5 376.8 401.6 436.0 459.3 489.6 531.5 596.8
- 77 291.5 310.7 322.8 337.3 355.3 378.7 403.7 438.2 461.7 492.1 534.2 599.8
- 76 293.0 312.3 324.4 339.0 357.1 380.7 405.7 440.5 464.0 494.6 536.9 602.9
- 75
- 74
294.5
296.0
313.8
315.4
326.1
327.7
340.7
342.5
358.9
360.8
382.6
384.5
407.8
409.8
442.7
444.9
466.4
468.7
497.1
499.6
539.7
542.4
606.0
609.0
(
- 73 297.4 317.0 329.3 344.2 362.6 386.4 411.9 447.2 471.1 502.1 545.1 612.1
-72 298.9 318.6 331.0 345.9 364.4 388.4 413.9 449.4 473.4 504.6 547.8 615.1
-71 300.4 320.2 332.6 347.6 366.2 390.3 416.0 451.6 475.8 507.1 550.6 618.2
- 70 301.9 321.8 334.3 349.3 368.0 392.2 418.1 453.9 478.1 509.6 553.3 621.2
(
- 69 303.4 323.3 335.9 351.1 369.8 394.2 420.1 456.1 480.5 512.1 556.0 624.3
- 68 304.9 324.9 337.6 352.8 371.6 396.1 422.2 458.3 482.8 514.6 558.7 627.4.
- 67 306.4 326.5 339.2 354.5 373.4 398.0 424.2 460.6 485.2 517.2 561.5 630.4
-66 307.8 328.1 340.9 356.2 375.2 400.0 426.3 462.8 487.6 519.7 564.2 633.5 (
- 65 309.3 329.7 342.5 357.9 377.1 401.9 428.4 465.1 489.9 522.2 566.9 636.5
- 64 310.8 331.3 344.2 359.7 378.9 403.8 430.4 467.3 492.3 524.7 5G9.G 639.6
- 63 312.3 332.9 345.8 361.4 380.7 405.8 432.5 469.5 494.6 527.2 572.3 642.6
- 62 313.8
315.3
334.4
336.0
347.4
349.1
363.1
364.8
382.5
384.3
407.7
409.6
434.5 471.8
436.6 474.0
497.0
499.3
529.7
532.2
575.1 645.7
577.8 648.8
(
- 61

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.14 - 5

Pressure -" pression rob

Tempera-
lure 1050 950 900 850 800 750 700 600 500 400 350 300
'C ' OK OK oK oK oK OK oK oK oK oK oK oK
-60 210.2 216.3 219.7 223.3 227.2 231.4 236.0 246.6 259.8 277.0 287.7 300.7
-59 211.2 217.3 220.7 224.3 228.3 232.5 237.1 247.8 261.1 278.3 289.1 302.1
-58 212.2 218.3 221.7 225.4 229.3 233.6 238.2 249.0 262.3 279.6 290.4 303.5
-57 213.2 219.4 222.8 226.4 230.4 234.7 239.4 250.1 263.5 280.9 291.8 304.9
-56 214.2 220.4 223.8 227.5 231.4 235.8 240.5 251.3 264.7 282.2 293.1 306.3
-55 251.1 221.4 224.8 228.5 232.5 236.9 241.6 252.4 265.9 283.5 294.5 307.7
-54 216.1 222.4 225.9 229.6 233.6 237.9 242.7 253.6 267.2 284.8 295.8 309.1
-53 217.1 223.4 226.9 230.6 234.6 239.0 243.8 254.7 268.4 286.1 297.2 310.6
-52 218.1 224.4 227.9 231.7 235.7 240.1 244.9 255.9 269.6 287.4 298.5 312.0
-51 219.1 225.4 229.0 232.7 236.8 241.2 246.0 257.1 270.8 288.7 299.9 313.4
-50 220.1 226.5 230.0 233.8 237.8 242.3 247.1 258.2 272.0 290.0 301.2 314.8
-49 221.1 227.5 231.0 234.8 238.9 243.4 248.2 259.4 273.3 291.3 302.6 316.2
-48 222.0 228.5 232.0 235.9 240.0 244.5 249.3 260.5 274.5 292.6 303.9 317.6
-47 223.0 229.5 233.1 236.9 241.0 245.5 250.4 261.7 275.7 293.8 305.3 319.0
-46 224.0 230.5 234.1 238.0 242.1 246.6 251.5 262.8 276.9 295.1 306.6 320.4
-45 225.0 231.5 235.1 239.0 243.2 247.7 252.6 264.0 278.1 296.4 308.0 321.8
-44 226.0 232.6 236.2 240.0 244.2 248.8 253.7 265.2 279.3 297.7 309.3 323.3
-43 227.0 233.6 237.2 241.1 245.3 249.9 254.9 266.3 280.6 299.0 310.7 324.7
-42 228.0 234.6 238.2 242.1 246.4 251.0 256.0 267.5 281.8 300.3 312.0 326.1
-41 228.9 235.6 239.3 243.2 247.4 252.1 257.1 268.6 283.0 301.6 313.4 327.5
-40 229.9 236.6 240.3 244.2 248.5 253.1 258.2 269.8 284.2 302;9 314.7 328.9
-39 230.9 237.6 241.3 245.3 249.6 254.2 259.3 270.9 285.4 304.2 316.1 330.3
-313 231.9 238.6 242.4 246.3 250.6 255.3 260.4 272.1 286.7 305.5 317.4 331.7
-37 232.9 239.7 243.4 247.4 251.7 256.4 261.5 273.3 287.9 306.8 318.8 333.1
-36 233.9 240.7 244.4 248.4 252.8 257.5 262.6 274.4 289.1 308.1 320;1 334.5
-35 234.9 241.7 245.4 249.5 253.8 258.6 263.7 275.6 290.3 309.4 321.5 335.9
-34 235.9 242.7 246.5 250.5 254.9 259.7 264.8 276.7 291.5 310.7 322.8 337.4
-33 236.8 243.7 247.5 251.6 256.0 260.7 265.9 277.9 292.8 312.0 324.2 338.8
-32 237.8 244.7 248.5 252,6 257.0 261.8 267.0 279.0 294.0 313.3 325.5 340.2
-31 238.8 245.7 249.6 253.7 258.1 262.9 268.1 280.2 295.2 314.6 326.9 341.6
-30 239.8 246.8 250.6 254.7 259.2 264.0 269.3 281.4 296.4 315.9 328.2 343.0
-29 240;8 247.8 251.6 255.8 260.2 265.1 270.4 282.5 297.6 317.2 329.6 344.4
-28 241.8 248.8 252.7 256.8 261.3 266.2 271.5 283.7 298.9 318.5 330.9 345.8
-27 242.8 249.8 253.7 257.9 262.4 267.3 272.6 284.8 300.1 319.8 332.3 347.2
-26 243.7 250.8 254.7 258.9 263.4 268.3 273.7 286.0 301.3 321.1 333.6 348.6
-25 244.7 251.8 255.8 259.9 264.5 269.4 274.8 287.1 302.5 322.4 335.0 350.1
-24 245.7 252.8 256.8 261.0 265.6 270.5 275.9 288.3 303.7 323.7 336.3 351.5
-23 246.7 253.9 257.8 262.0 266.6 271.6 277.0 289.5 304.9 325.0 337.7 352.9
-22 247.7 254.9 258.8 263.1 267.7 272.7 278.1 290.6 306.2 326.3 339.0 354.3
-21 248.7 255.9 259.9 264.1 268.8 273.8 279.2 291.8 307.4 327.6 340.4 355.7
-20 249.7 256.9 260.9 265.2 269.8 274.9 280.3 292.9 308.6 328.9 341.7 357.1
-19 250.6 257.9 261.9 266.2 270.9 275.9 281.4 294.1 309.8 330.2 343.1 358.5
-18 251.6 258.9 263.0 267.3 271.9 277.0 282.5 295.2 311.0 331.5 344.4 359.9
-17 252.6 260.0 264.0 268.3 273.0 278.1 283.6 296.4 312.3 332.8 345.8 361.3
-16 253.6 261.0 265.0 269.4 274.1 279.2 284.8 297.6 313.5 334.1 347.1 362.7
-15 254.6 262.0 266.1 270.4 275.1 280.3 285.9 298.7 314.7 335.4 348.5 364.2
-14 255.6 263.0 267.1 271.5 276.2 281.4 287.0 299.9 315.9 336.7 349.8 365.6
-13 256.6 264.0 268.1 272.5 277.3 282.5 288.1 301.0 317.1 338.0 351.2 367.0
-12 257.5 265.0 269.2 273.6 278.3 283.5 289.2 302.2 318.4 339.3 352.5 368.4
-11 258.5 266.0 270.2 274.6 279.4 284.6 290.3 303.3 319.6 340.6 353.9 369.8

IV.1968
 f

( I
TABLE 4.14 - 6 !

Pressure - , pressWnt rob

Tempera-
ture 250 100 80 60 50 40 30 20
(
j 200 175 150 125
'C 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K
-60 316.8 337.6 350.7 366.5 386.1 411.5 438.6 476.2 501.7 534.7 580.5 651.8
-59 318.2 339.2 352.4 368.2 387.9 413.5 440.7 478.5 504.0 537.2 583.2 654.9
-58 319.7 340.8 354.~ 370.0 389.7 415.4 442.8 480.7 506.4 539.7 586.0 657.9 (
-57 321.2 342.4 355. 371.7 391.6 417.3 444.8 482.9 508.7 542.2 588.7 661.0
-56 322.7 343.9 357.3 373.4 393.4 419.3 446.9 485.2 511.1 544.7 591.4 664.1
-55 324.2 345.5 359.0 375.1 395.2 421.2 448.9 487.4 513.4 547.3 594.1 667.1
-54 325.7 347.1 360.6 376.8 397.0 423.1 451.0 489.6 515.8 549.8 596.9 670.2 (
-53 327.2 348.7 362.3 378.6 398.8 425.1 453.0 491.9 518.1 552.3 599.6 673.2
~52 328.6 350.3 363.9 380.3 400.6 427.0 455.1 494.1 520.5 554.8 602.3 676.3
-51 330.1 351.9 365.5 382.0 402.4 428.9 457.2 496.3 522.9 557.3 605.0 679.3
-50 331.6 353.4 367.2 383.7 404.2 430.9 459.2 498.6 525.2 559.8 607.8 682.4 (
-49 333.1 355.0 368.8 385.4 406.0 432.8 461.3 500.8 527.6 562.3 610.5 685.5
-48 334.6 256.6 370.5 387.2 407.9 434.7 463.3 503.0 529.9 564.8 613.2 688.5
-47 336.1 358.2 372.1 388.9 409.7 436.6 465.4 505.3 532.3 567.3 615.9 691.6
-46 337.6 359.8 373.8 390.6 411.5 438.6 467.4 507.5 534.6 569.8 618.6 694.6 (
-45 339.0 ·361.4 375.4 392.3 413.3 440.5 469.5 509.7 537.0 572.3 621.4 697.7
-44 340.5 362.9 377.1 394.0 415.1 442.4 471.6 512.0 539.3 574.8 624.1 700.7
-43 342.0 364.5 378.7 395.8 416.9 444.4 473.6 514.2 541.7 577.4 626.8 703.8
-42 343.5 366.1 380.4 397.5 418.7 446.3 475.7 516.4 544.0 579.9 629.5 706.9
-41 345.0 367.7 382.0 399.2 420.2 448.2 477.7 518.7 546.4 582.4 632.3 709.9 (
-40 346.5 369.3 383.6 400.9 422.3 450.2 479.8 520.9 548.7 584.9 635.0 713.0
-39 348.0 370.9 384.3 402.6 424.2 452.1 481.9 523.1 551.1 587.4 637.7 716.0
-38 349.4 372.4 386.9 404.4 426.0 454.0 483.9 525.4 553.4 589.9 640.4 719.1
-37 350.9 374.0 388.6 406.1 427.8 456.0 486.0 527.6 555.8 592.4 643.2 722.2 (
-36 352.4 375.6 390.2 407.8 429.6 457.9 488.0 529.8 558.2 594.9 645.9 725.2
-35 353.9 377.2 391.9 409.5 431.4 459.8 490.1 532.1 560.5 597.4 648.6 728.3·
-34 355.4 378.8 393.5 411.2 433.2 461.7 492.1 534.3 562.9 599.9 651.3 731.3
-33 356.9 380.4 395.2 413.0 435.0 463.7 494.2 536.5 565.2 602.4 654.1 734.4 (
-32 358.4 381.9 396.8 414.7 436.8 465.6 496.3 5.18.8 567.6 604.9 656.8 737.4
-31 359.9 383.5 398.5 416.4 438.6 467.5 498.3 541.0 569.9 607.5 659.5 740.5
400.1 418.1 440.5 469.5 500.4 543.2 572.3 610.0 662.2 743.6
-30
-29
361.3
362.8
385.1
386.7 401.7 419.8 442.3 471.4 502.4 545.5 574.6 612.5 664.9 746.6 (
-28 364.3 388.3 403.4 421.6 444.1 473.3 504.5 547.7 577.0 615.0 667.7 749.7
-27 365.8 389.9 405.0 423.3 445.9 475.3 506,5 549.9 579.3 617.5 670.4 752.7
-26 367.3 391.5 406.7 425.0 447.7 477.2 508.6 552.2 581.7 620.0 673.1 755.8
-25 368.8 393.0 408.3 426.7 449.5 479.1 510.7 554.4 584.0 622.5 675.8 758.8
(
-24 370.3 394.6 410.0 428.4 451.3 481.1 512.7 556.6 586.4 625.0 678.6 761.9
-23 371.7 396.2 411.6 430.2 453.1 483.0 514.8 558.9 588.8 627.5 681.3 765.0
-22 373.2 397.8 413.3 431.9 455.0 484.9 516.8 561.1 591.1 630.0 684.0 768.0
-21 374.7 399.4 414.9 433.6 456.8 486.8 518.9 563.4 593.5 632.5 686.7 771.1 (
-20 376.2 401.0 416.5 435.3 458.6 488.8 521.0 565.6 595.8 635.1 689.5 774.1
-19 377.7 402.5 418.2 437.0 460.4 490.7 523.0 567.8 598.2 637.6 692.2 777.2
-18 379.2 404.1 419.8 438.7 462.2 492.6 525.1 570.1 600.5 640.1 694.9 780.3
-17
-16
380.7
382.1
405.7 421.5
423.1
440.5
442.2
464.0
465.8
494.6
496.5
527.1
529.2
572.3
574.5
602.9
605.2
642.6
645.1
697.6
700.3
783.3
786.4
(
407.3
-15 383.6 408.9 424.8 443.9 467.6 498.4 531:2 576.8 607.6 647.6 703.1 789.4
-14 385.1 410.5 426.4 445.6 469.4 500.4 533.3 579.0 609.9 650.1 705.8 792.5
-13 386.6 412.0 428.1 447.3 471.3 502.3 535.4 581.2 612.3 652.6 708.5 795.5 (
-12 388.1 313.6 429.7 449.1 473.1 504.2 537.4 583.5 614.6 655.1 711.2 798.6
-11 389.6 415.2 431.4 450.8 474.9 506.2 539.5 585.7 617.0 657.6 714.0 801.7

(
IV.196B
 TABLE 4,14 - 7

Pressure - p,.ression, mb
Tempera- \
ture 1050 950 900 850 800 750 700 600 500 400 350 300
'C 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K 'K
-10 259.5 267.1 271.2 275.7 280.5 285.7 291.4 304.5 320.8 341.9 355.2 371.2
-9 260.5 268.1 272.2 276.7 281.5 286.8 292.5 305.7 322.0 343.2 356.6 372.6
-8 261.5 269.1 273.3 277.8 282.6 287.9 293.6 306.8 323.2 344.5 357.9 374.0
-7 262.5 270.1 274.3 278.8 283.7 289.0 294.7 308.0 324.4 345.8 359.3 375.4
-6 263.5 271.1 275.3 279.9 284.7 290.1 295.8 309.1 325.7 347.1 360.6 376.9
-5 264.4 272.1 276.4 280.9 285.8 291.1 296.9 310.3 326.9 348.4 362.0 378.3
-4 265.4 273.1 277.4 281.9 286.9 292.2 298.0 311.4 328.1 349.7 363.3 379.7
-3 266.4 274.2 278.4 283.0 287.9 293.3 299.1 312.6 329.3 351.0 364.7 381.1
-2 267.4 275.2 279.5 284.0 289.0 294.4 300.3 313.8 330.5 352.3 366.0 382.5
-1 268.4 276.2 280.5 285.1 290.1 295.5 301.4 314.9 331.8 353.6 367.4 383.9
0 269.4 277.2 281.5 286.1 291.1 296.6 302.5 316.1 333.0 354.9 368.7 385.3
1 270.4 278.2 282.5 287.2 292.2 297.7 303.6 317.2 334.2 356.2 370.1 386.7
2 271.4 279.2 283.6 288.2 293.3 298.7 304.7 318.4 335.4 357.5 371.4 388.1
3 272.3 280.2 284.6 289.3 294.3 299.8 305.8 319.5 336.6 358.8 372.8 389.6
4 273.3 281.3 285.6 290.3 295.4 300.9 306.9 320.7 337.9 360.1 374.1 391.0
5 274.3 282.3 286.7 291.4 296.5 302.0 308.0 321.9 339.1 361.4 375.5 392.4
6 275.3 283.3 287.7 292.4 297.5 303.1 309.1 323.0 340.3 362.7 376.8 393.8
7 276.3 284.3 288.7 293.5 298.6 304.2 310.2 324.2 341.5 364.0 378.2 395.2
8 277.3 285.3 289.8 294.5 299.7 305.3 311.3 325.3 342.7 365.3 379.5 396.6
9 278.3 286.3 290.8 295.6 300.7 306.3 312.4 326.5 344.0 366.6 380.9 398.0
10 279.2 287.4 291.8 296.6 301.8 307.4 313.5 327.6 345.2 367.9 382.2 399.4
11 280.2 288.4 292.9 297.7 302.9 308.5 314.7 328.8 346.4 369.2 383.6 400.8
12 281.2 289.4 293.9 298.7 303.9 309.6 315.8 330.0 347.6 370.5 384.9 402.2
13 282.2 290.4 294.9 299.8 305.0 310.7 316.9 331.1 348.8 371.8 386.3 403.7
14 283.2 291.4 295.9 300.8 306.1 311.8 318.0 332.3 350.0 373.1 387.6 405.1
15 284.2 292.4 297.0 301.8 307.1 312.9 319.1 333.4 351.3 374.4 389.0 406.5
16 285.2 293.4 298.0 302.9 308.2 313.9 320.2 334.6 352.5 375.7 390.3 407.9
17 286.1 294.5 299.0 303.9 309.3 315.0 321.3 335.7 353.7 377.0 391.7 409.3
18 287.1 295.5 300.1 305.0 310.3 316.1 322.4 336.9 354.9 378.3 393.0 410.7
19 288.1 296.5 301.1 306.0 311.4 317.2 323.5 338.1 356.1 379.6 394.4 412.1
20 289.1 297.5 302.1 307.1 312.5 318.3 324.6 339.2 357.4 380.9 395.7
21 290.1 298.5 303.2 308.1 313.5 319.4 325.7 340.4 358.6 382.2 397.1
22 291.1 299.5 304.2 309.2 314.6 320.5 326.8 341.5 359.8 383.5 398.4
23 292.1 300.5 305.2 310.2 315.6 321.5 327.9 342.7 361.0 384.8 399.8
24 29.3.0 301.6 306.3 311.3 316.7 322.6 329.0 343.8 362.2 386.1 401.1
25 294.0 302.6 307.3 312.3 317.8 323.7 330.2 345.0 363.5 387.4 402.5
26 295.0 303.6 308.3 313.4 318.8 324.8 331.3 346.2 364.7 388.7 403.8
27 296.0 304.6 309.3 314.4 319.9 325.9 332.4 347.3 365.9 390.0 405.2
28 297.0 305.6 310.4 315.5 321.0 327.0 333.5 348.5 367.1 391.3 406.5
29 298.0 306.6 311.4 316.5 322.0 328.1 334.6 349.6 368.3
30 299.0 307.6 312.4 317.6 323.1 329.1 335.7 350.8 369.6
31 300.0 308.7 313.5 318.6 324.2 330.2 336.8 351.9 370.8
32 300.9 309.7 314.5 319.7 325.2 331.3 337.9 353.1 372.0
33 301.9 310.7 315.5 320.7 326.3 332.4 339.0 354.3 373.2
34 302.9 311.7 316.6 321.8 327.4 333.5 340.1 355.4 374.4
35 303.9 312.7 317.6 322.8 328.4 334.6 341.2 356.6 375.6
36 304.9 313.7 318.6 323.8 329.5 335.7 342.3 357.7 376.9
37 305.9 314.8 319.7 324.9 330.6 336.7 343.4 358.9 378.1
38 306.9 315.8 320.7 325.9 331.6 337.8 344.5 360.0 379.3
39 307.8 316.8 321.7 327.0 332.7 338.9 345.7 361.2 380.5

IV.196B
 ~

TABLE 4.14 - 8
(
Pressure - prellsion, mb
TeRlpera~
ture 250 200 175 150 125 100
A

80 60 50 20
(
40 30
'C 'K OK 'K oK oK oK OK oK oK OK oK oK
-10 391.1 416.8 433.0 452.5 476.7 ·508.1 541.5 587.9 619.3 660.1 716.7 804.7
-9 392.5 418.4 434.6 454.2 478.5 510.0 543.6 590.2 621.7 662.6 719.4 807.8
-8 394.0 420.0 436.3 455.9 480.3 511.9 545.6 592.4 624.1 665.2 722.1 810.8 (
-7 395.5 421.5 437.9 457.7 482.1 513.9 547.7 594.6 626.4 667.7 724.9 813.9
-"6 397.0 423.1 439.6 459.4 483.9 515.8 549.8 596.9 628.8 670.2 727.6 816.9
~5 398.5 424.7 441.2 461.1 485.7 517.7 - 551.8 599.1 631.1 672.7 730.3 820.0
-4 400.0 426.3 442.9 462.8 487.6 519.7 553.9 601.3 633.5 675.2 733.0 823.1 (
-3 401.5 427.9 444.5 464.5 389.4 521.6 555.9 603.6 635.8 677.7 735.8 826.1
-2 402.9 429.5 446.2 466.3 491.2 523.5 558.0 605.8 638.2 680.2 738.5 829.2
- 1 404.4 431.0 447.8 468.0 493.0 525.5 560.1 608.0 640.5 682.7 "741.2 832.2
0 405.9 432.6 449.5 469.7 494.8 527.4 562.1 610.3 642.9 685.2 743.9 835.3 (
1 407.4 434.2 451.1 471.4
2 408.9 435.8 452.7 473.1
3 410.4 437.4 454.4 474.9
4 411.9 439.0 456.0 476.6
(
5 413.3 440.6 457.7 478.3
6 414.8 442.1 459.3 480.0
7 416.3 443.7 461.0 481.7
8 417.8 445.3 462.6 483.5
9 419.3 446.9 464.3 4852 (
10 420.8 448.5
11 422.3 450.1
12 423;7 451.6
13 425.2 453.2 (
14 426.7 454.8
15 428.2 456.4
16 429.7 458.0
17 431.2 459.6 (
18 432.7 461.1
19 434.2 462.7
Pressnre -A pre:J:lion, mu

i050 950 900 850 800 750 700

(
°C OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
40 308.8 317.8 322.7 328.0 333.8 340.0 346.8
41
42
309.8
310.8
318.8
319.8
323.8
324.8
329.1
330.1
334.8
335.9
341.1
342.2
347.9
349.0
(
43 311.8 320.8 325.8. 331.2 337.0 343.3 350.1
44 312.8 321.9 326.9 332.2 338.0 344.3 351.2
45 313.8 322.9 327.9 333.3 339.1 345.4 352.3 (
46 314.7 323.9 328.9 334.3 340.2 346.5 353.4
47 315.7 324.9 330.0 335.4 341.2 347.6 354.5
48 316.7 325.9 331.0 336.4 342.3 348.7 355.6
49 317.7 326.9 332.0 337.5 343.4 349.8 356.7
50 318.7 327.9
(
51 319.7 329.0
52 320.7 330.0
53 321.6 331.0
54 322.6 332.0 (
55 323.6 333.0
56 324.6 334.0
57 325.6 335.0
58 326.6 336.1
59 327.6 337.1 (

IV.196B
 TABLE 4.14 - 9

Tempe- Pressure-pression Tempe- Pressure-pressian Tempe- Pressure-pression

rature mb rature mb rature mb
°0 70 10 °0 70 10 °0 70 10
oK oK oK OK oK oK

-109 350.9 611.9 -70 434.3 757.3 -30 519.8 906.4

-108 353.1 615.7 -69 436.5 761.0 -29 522.0 910.1
-107 355.2 619.4 -68 438.6 764.8 -28 524.1 913.9
-106 357.4 623.1 -67 440.7 768.5 -27 526.2 917.6
-66 442.9 772.2 -26 528.4 921.3
-105 359.5 626.8
-104 361.6 630.6 -65 445.0 775.9 -25 530.5 925.0
-103 363.8 634.3 -64 447.1 779.7 -24 532.7 928.8
-102 365.9 638.0 -63 44~.3 783.4 -23 534.8 932.5
-101 368.0 641.7 -62 451.4 787.1 -22 536.9 936.2
-61 453.6 790.8 -21 539.1 940.0
-100 370.2 645.5
- 99 372.3 649.2 -60 455.7 794.6 -20 541.2 943.7
- 98 374.5 652.9 -59 457.8 798.3 -19 543.3 947.4
- 97 376.6 656.7 -58 460.0 802.0 -18 545.5 951.1
- 96 378.7 660.4 -57 462.1 805.8 -17 547.6 954.9
-56 464.2 809.5 -16 549.8 958.6
- 95 380.9 664.1
- 94 383.0 667.8 -55 466.4 813.2 -15 551.9 962.3
- 93 385.1 671.6 -54 468.5 816.9 -14 554.0 966.0
- 92 387.3 675.3 -53 470.7 820.7 -13 556.2 969.8
- 91 389.4 679.0 -52 472.8 824.4 -12 558.3 973.5
-51 474.9 828.1 -11 560.4 977.2
- 90 391.6 682.7
- 89 393.7 686.5 -50 477.1 831.9 -10 562.6 981.0
- 88 395.8 690.2 -49 479.2 835.6 - 9 564.7 984.7
- 87 398.0 693.9 -48 481.3 839.3 - 8 566.9 988.4
- 86 400.1 697.7 -47 483.5 843.0 - 7 569.0 992.1
-46 485.6 846.8 - 6 571.1 995.9
- 85 402.2 701.4
- 84 404.4 705.1 -45 487.8 850.5 - 5 573.3 999.6
- 83 406.5 708.8 -44 489.9 854.2 - 4 575.4 1003.3
- 82 408.7 712.6 -43 492.0 857.9 - 3 577.5 1007.0
- 81 410.8 716.3 -42 494.2 861.7 - 2 579.7 1010.8
-41 496.3 865.4 - 1 581.8 1014.5
- 80 412.9 720.0 0 584.0 1018.2
- 79 415.1 723.8 -40 498.4 869.1
- 78 417.2 727.5 -39 500.6 872.9
-77 419.4 731.2 -38 502.7 876.6
- 76 421.5 734.9 -37 504.9 880.3
-36 507.0 884.0
- 75 423.6 738.7
- 74 425.8 742.4 -35 509.1 887.8
- 73 427.9 746.1 -34 511.3 891.5
-72 430.0 749.8 -33 513.4 895.2
- 71 432.2 753.6 -32 515.6 898.9
-31 517.7 902.7

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.15 ~ 1

Table 4.15.1 Pressure as a function of temperature along satu,ration psendo-

adiabats
Pression en fonction de la temperature le long des pseudoadiaba-
tiques de saturation
{)w: pseudo wet-bulb potential temperature temperature pseudoadiabatique potentielle du
thermometre mouille
Tempe- 8 w 'oC
rature
°0 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
42 1072.6
40 1000.0 1071.2
38 932.0 1000.0 1069.8
36 868.3 933.2 1000.0 1068.2
34 808.8 870.7 934.6 1000.0 1066.6
32 753.4 812.3 873.4 936.0 1000.0 1065.0
30 701.6 757.7 816.1 876.2 937.6 1000.0 1063.2
28 653.2 706.8 762.6 820.2 879.2 939.2 1000.0 1061.4
26 608.1 659.2 712.6 767.8 824.5 882.2 940.8 1000.0 1059.6
24 566.1 615.0 666.0 718.9 773.4 829.0 885.4 942.5 1000.0 1057.8
22 527.0 573.6 622.6 673.3 725.6 779.2 833.6 888.7 944.2 1000.0
20 490.6 535.2 582.1 630.8 681.2 732.8 785.2 838.4 892.0 946.0
18 456.9 499.4 544.4 591.2 639.7 689.4 740.1 791.4 843.2 895.4
16 425.6 466.2 509.4 554.4 601.0 649.0 698.0 747.5 797.6 848.0
14 396.4 435.4 476.8 520.1 565.0 611.4 658.6 706.5 755.0 803.8
12 369.5 406.8 446.6 488.2 531.5 576.2 621.8 668.2 715.2 762.5
10 344.6 380.2 418.4 458.5 500.3 543.5 587.6 632.5 678.0 723.8
8 321.4 355.6 392.4 431.0 471.3 513.0 555.8 599.2 643.2 687.8
6 300.1 332.8 368.2 405.4 444.3 484.7 526.1 568.2 610.9 654.1
4 280.4 311.8 345.8 381.6 419.3 458.4 498.5 539.2 580.7 622.6
2 262.2 292.3 325.1 359.7 396.1 434.0 472.8 512.3 552.6 593.2
0 245.4 274.3 305.9 339.3 374.6 411.2 448.8 487.2 526.3 565.8
-2 229.9 257.7 288.2 320.4 354.6 390.1 426.6 463.8 501.8 540.1
-4 215.6 242.4 271.8 303.0 336.0 370.5 405.9 442.1 479.0 516.2
-6 202.4 228.2 256.6 286.8 318.8 352.3 386.6 421.8 457.6 493.8
-8 190.4 215.2 242.6 271.9 302.9 335.4 368.8 403.0 437.8 473.0
-10 179.2 203.1 229.6 258.0 288.2 319.7 352.1 385.4 419.2 453.4
-12 169.0 192.0 217.7 245.2 274.4 305.1 336.6 368.9 401.8 435.2
-14 159.5 181.8 206.6 233.4 261.7 291.5 322.1 353.5 385.6 418.0
-16 IS0.8 172.3 196.4 222.4 249.9 278.8 308.6 339.1 370.3 401.8
-18 142.8 163.6 187.0 212.2 238.9 267.0 296.0 325.6 356.0 386.6
-20 135.4 155.5 178.2 202.6 228.6 256.0 284.1 312.9 342.4 372.2
-22 128.6 148.0 170.0 193.7 219.0 245.6 273.0 301.0 329.7 358.6
-24 122.4 141.2 162.4 185.4 210.0 236.0 262.5 289.7 317.7 345.8
-26 116.6 134.8 155.4 177.8 201.6 226.8 252.6 279.1 306.4 333.8
-28 111.3 128.8 148.8 170.6 193.8 21S.3 243.4 269.1 295.6 322.2
-30 106.4 123.4 142.7 163.8 186.4 210.2 234.6 259.6 285.4 311.3
-32 101.8 118.2 137.0 157.5 179.4 202.6 226.4 25fi.6 275.6 300.8
-34 113.4 131.6 151.6 172.9 195.4 218.4 242.0 266.4 290.8
-36 108.9 126.6 145.9 166.6 188.6 211.0 233.8 257.6 281.3
-38 104.6 121.8 140.5 160.7 182.0 203.8 226.0 249.0 272.2
-40 100.5 117.2 135.4 155.0 175.8 196.9 218.5 240.9 263.4
-42 112.8 13Q.6 149.6 169.8 190.4 211.3 233.1 254.9
-44 108.8 126.0 144.4 164.2 184.0 204.4 225.6 246.8
-46 104.8 121.5 139.5 158.6 178.0 197.8 218.3 13'8.8
-48 101.0 117.2 134.7 153.4 172.1 191.4 211.3 231.2
11'l1 1'ln 1 1AIl ") 1';'; A 11l" ") 1"')'10
 TABLE 4.15 - 2 (
Tempe- 8w' °0
ratnre
·0 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 (
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb rob

22 1055.9
20 1000.0 1054.0 (
18 947.6 1000.0 1052.2
16 898.7 949.4 1000.0 1050.5
14 852.9 902.0 951.0 1000.0 1048.8 (
12 810.0 857.0 905.2 952.7 1000.0 1047.1
10 769.9 816.1 862.2 908.4 954.2 1000.0 1045.5
8 732.4 777.3 822.0 866.8 911.4 955.8 1000.0 1043.8
6 697.4 741.0 784.4 827.9 871.2 914.4 957.2 1000.0 1042.5 (
4 664.7 707.0 749.2 791.4 833.6 875.5 917.2 958.6 1000.0 1041.2
2 634.1 675.2 716.2 757.3 798.2 839.0 879.5 919.8 960.1 1000.0
0 605.5 645.4 685.2 725.2 765.0 804.6 844.0 883.3 922.4 961.3
(
-2 578.8 617.5 656.2 695.1 733.8 772.4 810.7 848.8 887.0 924.8
-4 553.8 591.4 629.0 666.8 704.4 742.0 779.2 816.4 853.4 890.3
-6 530.4 567.0 603.5 640.2 676.8 713.3 749.6 785.7 821.8 857.6
. -8 508.4 544.0 579~6 615.2 650.8 686.3 721.6 756.8 791.9 826.8 (
-10 488.0 522.5 557.0 591.6 626.3 660.8 695.2 729.4 763.6 797.5
-12 468.7 502.2 535.8 569.4 603.2 636.7 670.2 703.4 736.7 769.7
-14 450.6 483.2 515.8 548.5 581.3 613.9 646.4 678.8 711.2 743.2
-16 433.6 465.2 496.9 528.6 560.6 592.2 623.9 655.4 686.8 718.0 (
-18 417.4 448.2 479.0 509.8 540.9 571.7 602.5 633.0 663.7 694.0
-20 402.2 432.2 462.0 492.0 522.2 552.2 582.2 611.8 641.6 671.2

-22 387.9 417.0 446.0 475.2 504.6 533.6 562.8 591.6 620.6 649.2 (
-24 374.3 402.6 430.8 459.1 487.6 516.0 544.2 572.3 600.4 628.3
-26 361.4 388.8 416.2 443.8 471.5 499.0 526.5 553.8 581.1 608.2
-28 349.2 375.8 402.4 429.1 456.0 482.8 509.5 536.0 562.6 588.8
-30 337.4 363.3 389.0 415.0 441.2 467.2 493.2 518.8 544.7 570.2 (
-32 326.2 351.4 376.3 401.6 427.0 452.2 477.4 502.4 527.4 552.3
-34 315.6 339.9 364.1 388.6 413.2 437.7 462.2 486.4 510.8 535.0
-36 305.3 329.0 352.4 376.2 400.1 423.8 447.6 471.2 494.8 518.3
-38 295.4 318.4 341.1 364.2 387.4 410.4 433.6 456.4 479.4 502.2 (
-40 286.0 308.2 330.2 352.6 375.2 397.4 419.9 442.0 464.4 486.5

-42 276.9 298.4. 319.8 341.5 363.4 385.0 406.7 428.2 449.9 471.3
-44 268.1 289.0 309.6 330.7 351.9 372.8 394.0 414.8 435.8 456.6 (
-46 259.6 279.8 '299.8 320.2 340.8 361.1 381.6 401.8 422.2 442.4
-48 251.4 271.0 290.4 310.1 330.0 349.7 369.6 389.2 409.0 428.4
-50 243.4 262.4 281.2 300.3 319.6 338.6 357.9 376.8 396.0 415.0
(

(
IV.196B
 TABLE 4.15 - 3

Tempe- 9w'oC
rature
00 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
4 1082.0
2 1039.8 1079.6
0 1000.0 1038.6 1077.2

-2 962.4 1000.0 1037.6 1075.1

-4 926.8 963.4 1000.0 1036.6 1073.2
-6 893.2 928.8 964.4 1000.0 1035.6 1071.4
-8 861.5 896.0 930.6 965.3 1000.0 1034.8 1069.9
-10 831.3 864.8 898.6 932.3 966.1 1000.0 1034.2 1068.6
-12 802.6 835.2 868.0 900.8 933.8 966.8 1000.0 1033.5 1067.4
-14 775.2 807.0 838.8 870.8 902.8 935.0 967.4 1000.0 1033.0 1066.3
-16 749.2 780.1 811.0 842.2 873.4 904.8 936.2 967.9 1000.0 1032.5
-18 724.4 754.4 784.5 814.8 845.1 875.6 906.2 937.1 968.4 1000.0
-20 700.6 729.8 759.1 788.6 818.0 847.6 877.5 907.6 938.0 968.8

-22 677.9 706.3 734.8 763.4 792.1 820.9 850.0 879.2 908.7 938.7
-24 656.2 683.8 711.5 739.4 767.2 795.2 823.4 851.8 880.6 909.8
-26 635.2 662.1 689.0 716.2 743.2 770.4 797.9 825.6 853.5 881.8
-28 615.2 641.2 667.4 693.8 720.1 746.6 773.2 800.2 827.4 854.9
-30 595.8 621.2 646.6 672.2 697.8 723.4 749.4 775.6 802.0 828.8
-32 577.1 601.7 626.4 651.3 676.2 701.1 726.4 751.8 777.6 803.6
-34 559.0 583.0 607.0 631.1 655.2 679.4 704.0 728.8 753.8 779.2
-36 541.6 564.8 588.2 611.6 635.0 658.5 682.4 706.4 730.8 755.4
-38 524.8 547.3 569.9 592.6 615.4 638.2 661.4 684.8 708.4 732.4
-40 508.4 530.3 552.2 574.3 596.4 618.5 641.1 663.8 686.8 710.0

-42 492.6 513.8 535.0 556.5 577.9 599.4 621.4 643.4 665.6 688.2
-44 477.2 497.8 518.4 539.2 560.0 580.8 602.2 623.5 645.1 667.0
-46 462.4 482.3 502.3 522.4 542.6 562.8 583.4 604.2 625.2 646.3
-48 447.8 467.2 486.6 506.2 525.6 545.2 565.3 585.4 605.8 626.2
-50 433.8 452.5 471.3 490.2 509.2 528.2 547.6 567.2 586.8 606.8
Tempe- 8w ' QO
rature
00 -20 -22 -24 -26 -28 -30 -32 -3,1 -36 -38
mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb mb
-16 1065.4
-18 1032.1 1064.8
-20 1000.0 1031.8 1064.2

-22 969.1 1000.0 1031.5 1063.7

-24 939.4 969.4 1000.0 1031.3 1063.4
-26 910.6 939.8 969.6 1000.0 1031.2 1063.2
-28 882.9 911.2 940.1 969.7 1000.0 1031.1 1063.1
-30 856.0 883.6 911.6 940.4 969.8 1000.0 1031.0 1063.0
-32 830.0 856.8 884.0 911.9 940.5 969.8 1000.0 1031.0 1063.1
-34 804.8 830.8 857.2 884.3 912.1 940.6 969.8 1000.0 1031.1 1063.2
-36 780.3 805.5 831.2 857.5 884.5 912.2 940.6 969.8 1000.0 1031.2
-38 756.6 781.0 806.0 831.5 857.7 884.6 912.2 940.6 969.8 1000.0
-40 733.4 757.2 781.5 806.2 831.6 857.8 884.5 912.0 940.4 969.7

-42 711.0 734.0 757.6 781.6 806.3 831.6 857.6 884.2 911.8 940.2
-44 689.0 711.5 734.4 757.7 781.6 806.2 831.3 857.2 883.9 911.5
-46 667.8 689.6 711.7 734.4 757.6 781,4 805.8 830.8 856.8 883.5
-48 647.0 668.2 689.6 711.6 734.1 757.2 780.8 805.0 830.2 856.2
-50 626.9 647.4 668.2 689.4 711.2 733.6 756.4 780.0 804.4 829.6

IV.1008
 TABLE 4.15 ~ 4 (

Table 4.15.2 Saturation mixing ratio as a function of temperature

along saturation pseudo-adiahats (
Rapport de melange de saturation en fonction de la tem-
perature le long des pseudoadiabatiques de saturation
(
()w: pseudo wet-bulb potential temperature - temperature pseudoadiabatique poten-
tielle du thermometre mouille
nw, °0
Tempe-
rature
24 22
(
°0 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 ·26
gkg-I g kg-l g kg-I g kg- l g kg-1 g kg-I g kg- I g kg-I g kg- l g kg-I

42 51.5
40 49.5 46.0 (
38 47.6 44.1 4Ll
36 45.7 42.3 39.3 36.6
34 43.8 40.5 37.5 34.9 32.7
32 41.9 38.7 35.8 33.3 3Ll 29.1 (
30 40.0 36.9 34.1 31.7 29.5 27.6 25.9
28 38.2 35.1 32.4 30.1 27.9 26.1 24.4 23.0
26 36.3 33.4 30.8 28.5 26.4 24.6 23.0 21.7 20.4
24
22
34.6
32.8
31.7
30.0
29.2
27.6
26.9
25.4
25.0
23.5
23.2
21.8
21.7
20.4
20.3
19.1
19.1
17.9
18.0
16.9
(
20 3Ll 28.4 26.0 23.9 22.1 20.5 19.1 17.8 16.7 15.8
18 29.4 26.8 24.5 22.5 20.7 19.2 17.8 16.6 15.6 14.7
16 27.7 25.2 23.0 2Ll 19.4 17.9 16.6 15.5 14.5 13.6 (
14 26.1 23.7 21.6 19.7 18.1 16.7 15.5 14.4 13.4 12.6
12 24.5 22.2 20.2 18.4 16.8 15.5 14.3 13.3 12.4 11.6
10 23.0 20.7 18.8 17.1 15.6 14.4 13.3 12.3 11.5 10.7
15.9 14.5 13.3 12.2 11.3 9.85
8
6
21.5
20.0
19.3
18.0
17.5
16.2 14.7 13.4 12.2 11.2 10.4
10.5
9.66 9.02 (
4 18.6 16.6 15.0 13.5 12.3 11.2 10.3 9.52 8.83 8.23
2 17.2 15.4 13.8 12.4 11.3 10.3 9.42 8.69 8.04 7.49
0 15.9 14.2 12.7 11.4 10.3 9.38 8.58 7.90 7.30 6.79
9.39 7.16
(
-2 14.6 13.0 11.6 10.4 8.53 7.79 6.61 6.14
-4 13.4 11.9 10.6 9.47 8.53 7.72 7.04 6.46 5.96 5.54
-6 12.2 10.8 9.61 8.59 7.72 6.97 6.35 5.81 5.35 4.96
-8 ILl 9.83 8.70 7.75 6.95 6.27 5.70 5.21 4.79 4.43
-10 10.1 8.&9 7.85 6.98 6.24 5.62 5.10 4.65 4.28 3.95 (
-12 9.11 8.01 7.05 6.25 5.58 5.02 4.54 4.14 3.80 3.51
-14 8.20 7.18 6.31 5.58 4.97 4.46 4.03 3.67 3.37 3.10
-16 7.35 6.42 5.62 4.96 4.41 3.95 3.57 3.24 2.97 2.74
-18
-20
6.55 5.71
5.06
4.99 4.39
3.87
3.90
3.43
3.49
3.06
3.14
2.76
2.85
2.50
2.61 2.40
2.10
(
5.82 4.41 2.29
-22 5.14 4.46 3.88 3.40 3.01 2.68 2.41 2.19 1.99 1.83
-24 4.52 3.91 3.40 2.98 2.63 2.33 2.11 1.90 1.73 1.59
-26 3.96 3.42 2.96 2.59 2.28 2.03 1.82 1.65 1.50 1.38 (
-28 3.45 2.98 2.57 2.24 ' 1.97 1.75 1.57 1.42 1.29 Ll9
-30 2.99 2.57 2.23 1.94 1.70 1.51 1.35 1.22 1.11 1.02
-32 2.58 2.22 1.91 1.66 1.46 1.29 Ll6 1.05 0.950 0.871
-34 1.90 1.64 1.42 1.25 LlO 0.988 0.891 0.809 0.741 (
-36 1.63 1.40 1.21 1.06 0.939 0.839 0.757 0.687 0.629
-38 1.38 1.19 1.03 0.900 0.795 0.710 0.640 0.581 0.531
-40 1.17 1.01 0.870 0.760 0.670 0.598 0.539 0.489 0.447
-42 0.847 0.732 0.639
0.534
0.563 0.502 0.452 0.410 0.375 (
-44 0.709 0.612 0.470 0.419 0.377 0.342 0.312
-46 0.592 0.510 0.444 0.391 0.348 0.313 0.284 0.260
-48 0.492 0.424 0.369 0.322 0.288 0.259 0.235 0.215
-50 0.350 0.304 0.267 0.238 0.214 0.193 0.177
(
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.15 ~ 5

Tempe- Bw'oC
rature
°C 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
gkg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg- l g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 gkg-1 g kg-1

22 16.0
20 14.9 14.1
18 13.8 13.1 12.4
16 12.8 12.1 11.5 11.0
14 11.9 11.2 10.6 10.1 9.62
12 11.0 10.3 9.78 9.29 8.84 8.44
10 10.1 9.50 8.98 8.52 8.10 7.73 7.39
8 9.24 8.70 8.22 7.79 7.40 7.06 6.74 6.46
6 8.45 7.94 7.50 7.10 6.74 6.42 6.13 5.87 5.63
4 7.70 7.23 6.82 6.45 6.13 5.83 5.56 5.32 5.10 4.89
2 7.00 6.57 6.19 5.85 5.55 5.27 5.03 4.81 4.60 4.42
0 6.34 5.94 5.59 5.28 5.01 4.76 4.53 4.33 4.15 3.98
-2 5.72 5.36 5.04 4.76 4.50 4.28 4.07 3.89 3.72 3.57
-4 5.15 4.82 4.53 4.27 4.04 3.83 3.65 3.48 3.33 3.19
-6 4.61 4.31 4.05 3.82 3;61 3.42 3.26 3.11 2.97 2.85
-8 4.12 3.85 3.61 3.40 3.22 3.05 2.90 2.76 2.64 2.53
-10 3.67 3.43 3.21 3.02 2.86 2.71 2.57 2.45 2.34 2.24
-12 3.26 3.04 2.85 2.68 2.53 2.39 2.27 2.17 2.07 1.98
-14 2.88 2.68 2.51 2.36 2.23 2.11 2.00 1.91 1.82 1.74
-16 2.53 2.36 2.21 2.08 1.96 1.85 1.76 1.67 1.60 1.53
-18 2.22 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.72 1.62 1.54 1.47 1.40 1.34
-20 1.95 1.81 1.69 1.59 1.50 1.42 1.34 1.28 1.22 1.16
-22 1.69 1.58 1.47 1.38 1.30 1.23 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.01
-24 1.47 1.37 1.28 1.20 1.13 1.07 1.01 0.961 0.913 0.875
-26 1.27 1.18 1.10 1.03 0.974 0.920 0.872 0.829 0.790 0.755
-28 1.09 1.02 0.950 0.890 0.838 0.791 0.750 0.713 0.679 0.649
-30 0.939 0.872 0.815 0.763 0.718 0.678 0.642 0.611 0.582 0.556
-32 0.803 0.745 0.696 0.652 0.613 0.579 0.548 0.521 0.496 0.474
-34 0.683 0.634 0.592 0.555 0.522 0.492 0.466 0.443 0.422 0.403
-36 0.580 0.538 0.502 0.470 0.442 0.417 0.395 0.375 0.357 0.341
-38 0.489 0.454 0.424 0.397 0.373 0.352 0.333 0.317 0.302 0.288
-40 0.412 0.382 0.356 0.334 0.314 0.296 0.280 0.266 0.254 0.242
-42 0.345 0.320 0.299 0.280 0.263 0.248 0.235 0.223 0.212 0.203
-44 0.288 0.267 0.249 0.233 0.219 0.207 0.196 0.186 0.177 0.169
-46 0.239 0.222 0.207 0.194 0.182 0.172 0.162 0.154 0.147 0.140
-48 0.197 0.183 0.171 0.160 0.150 0.142 0.134 0.127 0.121 0.116
-50 0.162 0.151 0.141 0.132 0.124 0.117 0.110 0.105 0.0999 0.0953

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.15 - 6 (
Tampe- 8\\"oC
ratl1l'e
g kg 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 (
g kg-1 gkg-1 g kg- l B kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-I g kg-:-} g kg-l g kg-1 g kg-l

4 4.71
2 4.25 4.09 (
0 3.82 3.68 3.55
-2 3.43 3.30 3.18 3.07
-4 3.07 2.95 2.84 2.74 2.65
-6
-8
2.73
2.43
2.63
2.33
2.53
2.25
2.44
2.16
2.36
2.09
2.28
2.02 1.95 f
-10 2.15 2.07 1.99 1.92 1.85 1.79 1.73 1.67
-12 1.90 1.82 1.75 1.69 1.63 1.57 1.52 1.47 1.43
-14 1.67 1.60 1.54 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.21
-16 1.46 1.41 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.06 (
-18 1.28 1.23 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.02 0.989 0.957 0.927
-20 1.12 1.07 1.03 0.991 0.955 0.922 0.890 0.861 0.833 0.806
-22 0.968 0.929 0.893 0.860 0.829 0.799 0.772 0.746 0.722 0.699 (
-24 0.838 0.804 0.773 0.743 0.716 0.691 0.667 0.645 0.624 0.604
-26 0.723 0.693 0.666 0.641 0.617 0.596 0.575 0.556 0.538 0.520
-28 0.621 0.596 0.572 0.550 0.530 0.511 0.494 0.477 0.461 0.447
-30 0.532 0.510 0.490 0.471 0.454 0.438 0.423 0.408 0.395 0.382
-32
-34
0.454 0.435
0.370
0.418 0.402 0.387 0.373 0.360
0.306
0.348 0.337 0.326 (
0.386 0.355 0.341 0.329 0.317 0.296 0.286 0.277
-36 0.327 0.313 0.301 0.289 0.278 0.269 0.259 0.250 0.242 0.234
-38 0.275 0.264 0.254 0.244 0.235 0.226 0.219 0.211 0.204 0.197
-40 0.231 0.222 0.213 0.205 0.197 0.190 0.184 0.177 0.171 0.166 (
-42 0.194 0.186 0.178 0.172 0.165 0.159 0.154 0.148 0.143 0.139
-44 0.162 0.155 0.149 0.143 0.138 0.133 0.128 0.124 0.119 0.116
-46 0.134 0.128 0.123 0.119 0.114 0.110 0.106 0.103 0.0991 0.0959
-48 0.111 0.106 0.102 0.0980 0.0944 0.0910 0.0881 0.0847 0.0819 0.0792 (
-50 0.0912 0.0874 0.0839 0.0807 0.0777 0.0749 0.0722 0.0697 0.0674 0.0652

'.rempe- OWl i>C

ratu.re
°0 -20 -22 -24 -26 -28 -30 -32 -34 -36 -38 (
g kg-I g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-I g kg-l g kg-1 gkg-1 g kg-1

-16 1.03
-18 0.898 0.870 (
-20 0.781 0.757 0.734
-22 0.677 0.656 0.636 0.617
-24 0.585 0.567 0.550 0.533 0.517
-26 0.504 0.488 0.473 0.459 0.445 0.431 (
-28 0.432 0.419 0.406 0.394 0.382 0.370 0.359
-30 0.370 0.358 0.347 0.337 0.326 0.317 0.307 0.298
-32 0.315 0.305 0.296 0.287 0.278 0.270 0.262 0.254 0.246
-34 0.268 0.259 0:251 0.244 0.236 0.229 0.222 0.215 0.209 0.203 (
-36 0.227 0.220 0.213 0.206 0.200 0.194 0.188 0.182 0.177 0.171
-38 0.191 0.185 0.179 0.174 0.168 0.163 0.158 0.154 0.149 0.145
-40 0.160 0.155 0.151 0.146 0.141 0.137 0.133 0.129 0.125 0.121
-42 0.134 0.130 0.126 0.122 0.118 0.115 0.111 0.108 0.105 0.102 (
-44 0.112 0.108 0.105 0.102 0.0986 0.0956 0.0927 0.0899 0.0872 0.0846
-46 0.0928 0.0899 0.0871 0.0844 0.0818 0.0793 0.0769 0.0746 0.0723 0.0701
-48 0.0767 0.0742 0.0719 0.0697 0.0676 0.0655 0.0635 0.0616 0.0598 0.0579
-50 0.0631 0.0611 0.0592 . 0.0574 0.0556 0.0539 0.0523 0.0507 0.0492 0.0477
(
IV .1968
 TABLE 4.16 - 1

Table 4.16.1 Terminal velocity of fall of pure water droplets in still air
Vitesse limite de chute des gouttelettes d'eau pure en air
calme

A Small droplets - Petites gouttelettes

d v d d v
1-1 cms-l 1-1 cm 5-1 1-1 cms-1

2 0.01197 10 0.2993 40 4.788 d: diameter - diametre

4 0.04788 15 0.6734 50 7.482 v: terminal velocity of fall
6 0.1077 20 1.197 60 10.774 (computed)
8 0.1915 30 2.693 70 14.664 vitesse limite de chute (calcul€e)
80 19.154

B Medium and large droplets - Gouttelettes moyennes et grosses

d v m Re CD
cm cms-1 I-Ig

0.01 27 0.524 1.80 15.0 d: equivalent diameter

0.02 72 4.19 9.61 4.2 diametre equivalent
0.03 117 14.14 23.4 2.4
0.04 162 33.5 43.2 1.66 v: terminal velocity of fall (ob~
0.05 206 65.5 68.7 1.28 served)
1.07 vitesse limite de chute (obser-
0.06 247 113.1 98.9 vee)
0.07 287 179.6 134 0.926
0.08 327 268 175 .815 m: mass of droplet
0.09 367 382 220 .729 masse de la gouttelette
0.10 403 524 269 .671
Re: computed Reynolds numbers
0.12 464 905 372 0.607 nombre de Reynolds calcul€
0.14 517 1,437 483 .570
0.16 565 2,140 603 .545 CD: computed drag coefficient
0.18 609 3,050 731 .528 coefficient de tratnee calcul€
0.20 649 4,190 866 .517
022 690 5,580 1,013 0.504
0.24 727 7,240 1,164 .495
0.26 757 9,200 1,313 .494
0.28 782 11,490 1,461 .498
0.30 806 14,140 1,613 .503
0.32 826 17,160 1,764 0.511
0.34 844 20.600 1,915 .520
0.36 860 24,400 2,066 .529
0.38 872 28,700 2,211 .544
0.40 883 33,500 2,357 .559
0.42 892 38,800 2,500 0.575
0.44 898 44,600 2,636 .594
0.46 903 51,000 2,772 .615
0.48 907 57,900 2,905 .635
0.50 909 65,500 3,033 .660
0.52 912 73,600 3,164 0.681
0.54 914 82,400 3,293 .700
0.56 916 92,000 3,423 .727
0.58 917 102,200 3,549 .751

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.16 - 2
(

Table 4.16.2 Terminal velocity of fall of ice crystals and solid preci-
pitation in still air
Vitesse limite de chute des cristaux de glace et des preci-
pitations solides en air calme
(
Snow crystals
Cristaux de neige
Figure (u) - Terminal velocity V of snow crystals as a function of their linear dimen-
sions d (observed)
Vitesse limite V des eristuux de neige en fonetion de leur dimension lineuire d
(observlje)
(

(
V
cms-1
250
6 (
1. I needle - aigltille
2.• plane dendrite - delJdrite plan
0
3." spacial dendrite - dendrite spacial
(
4. x powder snow - poudre de neige
200 5.. crystal with droplet - crista/. avec gOllUelette
6. 0 gral1pel - gresil
(

(
150

100
/' (

50
~'I

• x
"x
x
4

k
" x
" "

• •
4
" 3
(
.: p-
•• • • 2

o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8mm
d (
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.16 ~ 3

Snowflakes
lflocons de neige

Figure (b.l) ~ Density of snowflakes as a function of their mean diameter

Masse volumique des flocons de neige en fonction de leur diametre moyen

WET SNOWFLAKES
0.5 flocons de neige mouillee
DRY 5 .• POWDER SNOW
neige seche, poudre de neige
0.2 DRY 5., DENDRITES
neige seche, dendrites

0.1
x
lC
0.05

00

0.02 o

0.0 I

0.005 (c. g. s.) 0

A
0.002
o 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Diameter ~ diametre cm

Figure (b.2) ~ Terminal velocity of fall of snowflakes as a function of their density·

Vitesse limite de chute des flocons de neige en fonction de leur masse volu-
mique

I
U=377 (d'-f>4 (cm/sec>
..
u

5
"E
'-
3
A
>-
I- ."l 2
0
::l
0 "5
..J
UJ ~
> Q)

..J
'"'"
« .~
..J
lL
" 0.5
0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5
DENSITY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SNOWFLAKES AND AIR
Difference entre la masse volumique des
flocons de neige et celle de l'air (a ~ p), g{cm3

IV.1968
 r
TABLE 4.16 - 4
(

Hailstones - Grelons
(
Figure (c. I & c. 2) - Terminal velocity of fall of smooth spheres as a function of their
diameter (computed)
Vitesse limite de chute de spheres lisses en fonction de leur diametre
(calcul€e) (
v: terminal velocity - vitesse limite S.G.: specific gravity "" density in g cm-3
d: diameter - diametre densite relative "" masse volumique en g cm-3
v
ill 8-1 ft ,,1
{
122 401Io----.---...----r---,--,...--,...---,

91
(

61 1OO1---1---J.--~-~_I__--+---+----I

Figure (c. I) -
(
Ground level - niveau
du sol
o I 2 .3 4 5 6 ill d
2.5 5.1 7.6 10.2 12.7 15.2 cm
v (
ill 8-1 ft 8-1
122 <400
~ ~ft. (

91 300
f- L.o-
GllilIJ IoUVll

61 200
I~~\ (

~
"\
Figure (c. 2)-

~
Ground level and ID 000 ft
(3 048 m) level - specific (
30 100 ~ gravity"" density =
p
~ 0.6 g cm-3
Niveau du sol et niveau
(
de ID 000 ft (3 048 m) -
densite relative "" masse
volumique = 0,6 g cm-3
I 2 3 4 5 6 ill d
2.5 5.1 7.6 10.2 12.7 15.2 cm (
IV.196B
 TABLE 4.16 - 5

Figure (d) - Terminal velocity of fall of hailstones derived from observation

Vitesse limite de chute des grelons deduite de l'observation
V: Terminal velocity - vitesse limite
r: Mean radius of the section facing the direction of flow - rayon moyen de la section
perpendiculaire au courant
(elevation - altitude: 2665 m)

20r~~~~~;~illlllll!~
m~
18

18

121-----;..~~..-T"""T..<~~<'Y'~~""""".....".......,:...---

10 1----f.?>(>.~¥>~~W~S,.......::F-----== ...:t==-----__1
8
5
1,5 2.0 cm r
Density Drag coefficient
Ourve Shape Forme ~fa3sevolumique Coefficient. de
Courbe gcm-3 trainee
1 sphere sphel'e 0.8 0.5
2 sphere sphel'e 0.8 0.7
3 sphere Sphel'e 0.8 1.0
4 sphere sphel'e 0.5 1.0
5 spherical sector secteul'sphel'ique 0.8 0.8
central angle 90° angle d'oul'el'tul'e 90°
6 ditto idem 0.5 0.8
7 spherical sector secteul' sphCl'ique 0.5 1.0
central angle 70° angle d'oul'el'tul'e 70°
8 three-axis ellipsoid ellipso~de d tl'ois axes 0.8 0.7
9 three-axis ellipsoid ellipso~de d tl'ois axes 0.8 1.4

ZONE I: probable values for hailstones -l'aleul's pl'obables pOUI' les gl'elons
ZONE II: probable values for snow pellets - l'aleul's probables paul' les grains de
neige I'oulee

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.17 - 1

Table 4.17 Viscosity and thermal conductivity of dry air. Diffusion of

water vapour in air
Viscosite et conductivite thermique de l'air. Diffusion de la
vapeur d'eau dans l'air

t: temperature - temperature
'I:(dynamic) viscosity (at 1013.25 mb pressure) - viscosite (dynamique) (a la pression
de 1013,25 mb)
A: thermal conductivity - conductivite thermique
D: coefficient of diffusion of water vapour in air at 1 013.25 mb pressure - coefficient de
diffusion de la vapeur d'eau dans l'air a la pression de 1 013,25 mb

'I A D
°C Nsm-2 J m-I s-1 °K-1 m 2 s-l

- 80 1.289 X 10-5 1.75 X 10-2 1.22 X 10-5

-70 1.347 1.82 1.34
- 60 1.403 1.90 1.45
- 50 1.458 1.99 1.57
-40 1.512 2.07 1.69
- 30 1.564 2.15 1.82
- 20 1.616 2.23 1.95
- 10 1.667 2.32 2.08
0 1.717 2.40 2.22
10 1.766 2.48 2.36
20 1.815 2.55 2.50
30 1.862 2.63 2.65
40 1.908 2.71 2.80
50 1.954 2.79 2.95
60 2.000 2.86 3.11

IV.1U6S
 TABLE 4.18 - 1

Table 4.18 Characteristics of natural atmospheric aerosols (excluding

cloud particles)
Caracteristiques des aerosols atmospheriques naturels (a
l'exception des particules nuageuses)

The first graph of part A and part B gives the quantity d d N as a func-
l og r
tion of the radius r, N being the number of particles per cm 3 of air, the radii of
which range between 0 and r.
The second graph gives the quantity d d V as a function of the radius r,
log r
V being the volume, in cm3 , occupied by the N particles, the radii of which range
between 0 and r.
Le premier graphique de la partie A et de la partie B donne la grandeur
dN
-Id en fonction du rayon r, N etant le nombre de particules par cm3 d'air
og r
dont le rayon est compris entre 0 et r.
dV
Le second graphique donne la grandeur d-l-- en fonction du rayon r, V
og r
etant le polume, en cm3 , occupe par les N particules dont le rayon estcompris entre 0
et r.

Table 4.18 was drawn up by E. C. Junge.

La table 4.18 a ete etablie par E. C. Junge.

IV.196B
 f

TABLE 4.18 - 2 (
A Over land
Au-dessus de la terre (

(
1
1
1&3
:..."....._ _
HI2 R Rq.yon io o
---;:>:10'r-----:o:::->r----:-f
....:c~m~:iot;rR~a~d~i~u:=S~:::.;=?...) 102 103
urn ad I us ----+
(
AiU<en Particles ~~~g~f
rtirlr...::. Giant Particles
10s

rmm:rr~
104
J1 Number Distribution (
103 ,
10 '~ ~~ ~
10
:r--:l1
..... 10
'"'~10 -~"
L.--~ J i'

"1'\
Condensation
Nuclei
(
E •1
"
'-Cil 'lol
Haze " -
, "
~ S':Jrface Air
g 1(i3 (
~
~ 104
\Parlicley
1ft'
~ Middle Troposphere
1<>
s
1()

10:K large
Ions
\.
/ '11! "
~
I (

~
11 (
JIUU'lrlllJul]LiU
!E
1

I~I ~ Middl1e Troposprere (

,1Y Volume Distribution

{
All
Particules d'Aitken Grosses particules Particules geantes
Noyaux de condensation actifs
Gros ions PaI'ticules de
brume seche
Air en surface
Troposphere moyenne I
i
I
I
IV.1968
 TABLE 4.18 - 3

Chemical Composition

Wat~r Unlooluble, Inorganic Matter.

The Larg~r Particles are Mineral
Particlu from the Soli

Composition chimique

SO~, NH1
et composes
organiques
Particules de sel marin
dans les regions ciitieres
Matieres inorganiques, insolubles dam l'eau.
Les plus grosses particules sont des particules
minerales propenant du sol
Produits de d6sinMgration
du radon et isotopes
formes par les rayons cosmiques

IV.1968
 TABLE 4.18 - 4 (
B Over sea
Au-dessusde la mer (

~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~
F----,.,.::;:...---..;;;.-...l1:":'a-y -o-n..:.::.----:.::...---...,1 (
1
16 3 101
~m
161 Rayon
Radius ~
10° ID'
10
2
)J. m Radiu5> ---+
10 4

103
,..-- " Aerosol
~ COntinental ?
102
I ~ged Aero5>ol ' continental
[ ancien P (

'"
0;;)' 1
'E 10
..3
'- 10
0

l11IJ'Ql....J, ~i9h Vitesse du

~1
I Wind vent elevee
Ul
.2 101 SeaSpeeds-
u _ ',Sail Particules de
2 sel marin
Z'10 v Par- I
Low Wind
U ~ ticlesl\ Faible vitesse (
4
Speeds
'{HI
du vent
~
(
~

11

./ nrf
1GlI Pd~~~~e
U1J
Sea

s
i\

\--
Particules de
sel marin (

/' -L.I.J. J
J.( / ,10 1\
-
-
(
1/
h' \
(
Composition
Chemical Composition chimique

I (
Sea Salt Particules de
Particles sel marin

(
~;N~
rga~iC Compound
Composes
organiques

IV,196B
 TABLE 4.20 - 1

Table 4.20 Relation between relative humidity and mixing ratio

Relation entre l'humidite relative et le rapport de melange

U w : relative humidity with respect to water - humidite relative par rapport a l'eau
r: mixing ratio - rapport de melange
rw: saturation mixing ratio - rapport de melange de saturation
Tabular values - valeurs tabulaires : I1U = U w - 100 ~ , %
rw

Tw
g 1Qr' r{rw : 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.• 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
uw ,%= 90 80 70 60 60 40 30 20 10

5 0.07 0.13 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.13 0.07

10 0.14 0.26 0.34 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.33 0.25 0.14
15 0.22 0.38 0.50 0.57 0.59 0.57 0.50 0.38 0.21
20 0.29 0.51 0.67 0.76 0.79 0.76 0.66 0.50 0.28
25 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3

30 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4

35 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.5
40 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.5
45 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.6
50 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.7

55 0.8 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.3 0.7

60 0.9 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.4 0.8
65 0.9 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.5 0.9
70 1.0 1.8 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.7 0.9
75 1.1 1.9 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.8 1.0

80 1.1 2.0 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.0

85 1.2 2.1 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.0 1.1
90 1.3 2.2 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.1 1.2
95 1.4 2.4 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.2
100 1.4 2.5 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.0 2.3 1.3

fj.U ~ 0 for - pour r{rw ~ 0, r{rw = 1 (Uw = 0, Uw = 100)

VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.21 - 1

Table 4.21.1 Relative humidity as a function of temperature and

thermodynamic dew-point temperature
Humidite relative en fonction de la temperature et de la
temperature thermodynamique du point de rosee
Dew-point depression - iMpress-ion du point de rosee
Tempe~
t-td, °0
rature
t,OC 0.5 1 1.5 4 8 10
% % % % % % % % % % % %
-48 94.5 89.3 84.4 79.7
-4& 94.& 89.5 84.7 80.1 71.5 &3.8
-44 94.7 89.7 85.0 80.4 72.0 &4.4 57.5 51.3
-42 94.8 89.9 85.2 80.8 72.5 64.9 58.1 52.0 4&.4 41.4

-40 94.9 90.1 85.5 81.1 72.9 &5.5 58.8 52.7 47.2 42.2" 37.7 33.&
-38 95.0 90.3 85.7 81.4 73.4 66,0 59.4 53.3 47.8 42.9 38.4 34.3
-3& 95.1 90.5 8&.0 81.7 73.8 &&.& bO.O 54.0 48.5 43.6 3901 35.1
-34 95.2 90.& 86.2 82.1 74.2 &7.1 &0.& 54.& 49.2 44.3 39.8 35.8
-32 95.3 90.8 86.5 82.4 74.& &7.& &1.1 55.2 49.9 45.0 40.5 3&.5

-30 95.4 91.0 8&.7 82.7 75.0 &8.1 &1.7 55.9 50.5 45.7 41.2 37.2
-28 95.5 91.1 86.9 82.9 75.4 &8.6 &2.2 56.5 51.2 4&.3 41.9 37.9
-2& 95.5 91.3 87.2 83.2 75.8 &9.0 &2.8 57.1 51.8 47.0 42.6 38.&
-24 95.& 91.4 87.4 83.5 7&.2 &9.5 &3.3 57.& 52.4 47.6 43.3 ;39.2
-22 95.7 91.6 87.6 83.8 7&.& &9.9 &3.8 58.2 53.0 48.3 43.9 39.9

-20 95.8 91.7 87.8 84.0 7&.9 70.4 64.4 58.8 53.& 48.9 44.1:1 40.&
-18 95.8 91.8 88.0 84.3 77.3 70.8 64.9 59.3 54.2 49.5 45.? 41.2
-1& 95.9 92.0 88.2 84.5 77.& 71.3 &5.4 59.9 54.8 50.2 45.9 41.9
-14 9&.0 92.1 88.4 84.8 78.0 71.7 &5.8 &0.4 55.4 50.8 46.5 42.5
-12 9&.1 92.2 88.& 85.0 78.3 72.1 &&.3 &1.0 5&.0 51.4 47.1 43.2

-10 9&.1 92.4 88.8 85.3 78.7 72.5 &6.8 &1.5 56.5 52.0 47,7 43.8
-8 96.2 92.5 88.9 85.5 79.0 72.9 &7.2 &2.0 57.1 52.& 48.3 44.4
-& 9&.2 92.& 89.1 85.7 79.3 73.3 &7.7 &2.5 57.6 53.1 48.9 45.1
-4 9&.3 92.7 89.3 85.9 79.& 73.7 &8.1 &3.0 58.2 53.7 49.5 45.7
-2 9&.4 92.9 89.4 86.2 79.9 74.0 &8.& &3.5 58.7 54.3 5001 4&.3

0 9&.4 93.0 89.6 8&.4 80.2 74.4 &9.0 &4.0 59.2 54.8 50.7 4&.9
2 96.5 93.1 89.8 8&.6 80.5 74.8 69.4 &4.4 59.7 55.4 51.3 47.5
4 96.5 93.2 89.9 8&.8 80.8 75.1 &9.8 &4.9 &0.3 55.9 51.8 48.1
& 9&.& 93.3 9001 87.0 81.1 75.5 70.3 &5.3 &0.8 5&.4 52.4 48.&
8 9&.& 93.4 90.2 87.2 81.3 75.8 70.7 65.8 &1.2 57.0 53.0 49.2

10 9&.7 93.5 90.4 87.4 81.& 7&.2 71.0 6&.2 &1.7 57.5 53.5 49.8
12 9&.8 93.& 90.5 87.& 81.9 7&.5 71.4 &&.7 &2.2 58.0 54.0 50.3
14 9&.8 93.7 90.7 87.7 82.1 7&.8 71.8 &7.1 &2.7 58.5 54.& 50.9
1& 9&.8 93.8 90.8 87.9 82.4 77.1 72.2 &7.5 &3.1 59~0 55.1 51.4
18 9&.9 93.9 90.9 88.1 82.6 77.4 72.6 &7.9 &3.& 59.5 55.& 52.0

20 96.9 94.0 91.1 88.3 82.9 77.8 72.9 &8.4 &4.0 &0.0 5&.1 52.5
22 97.0 94.1 91.2 88.4 83.1 78.1 73.3 &8.8 &4.5 &0.5 5&.& 53.0
24 97.0 94.1 91.3 88.& 83.3 78.4 73.& &9.2 &4.9 &0.9 57.1 53.&
2& 97.1 94.2 91.5 88.8 83.& 78.& 74.0 69.5 &5.4 &1.4 57.6 5401
28 97.1 94.3 91.6 88.9 83.8 78.9 74.3 &9.9 &5.8 &1.8 58.1 54.&

30 97.2 94.4 91.7 89.1 84.0 79.2 74.& 70.3 &&.2 &2.3 58.& 55.1
32 97.2 94.5 91.8 89.2 84.2 79.5 75.0 70.7 66.& &2.7 59.1 55.&
34 97.2 94.6 91.9 89.4 84.5 79.8 75.3 71.0 &7.0 &3.2 59.5 5&.1
3& 97.3 94.& 92.1 89.5 84.7 80.0 75.& 71.4 &7.4 63.6 60.0 -=;6.6
38 97.3 91.. 7 92.2 89.7 84.9 80.3 75.9 71.8 &7.8 &4.0 &0.4 57.0

40 97.4 94.8 92.3 89.8 85.1 80.5 76.2 72.1 &8.2 &4.5 60.9 57.5
42 97.4 94.9 92.4 90.0 85.3 80.8 7&.5 72.5 &8.& &4.9 61.3 58.0
44 97.4 94.9 92.5 90.1 85.5 81.0 7&.8 72.8 &8.9 &5.3 &1.8 58.4
4& 97.5 95.0 92.6 90.2 85.7 81.3 77.1 73.1 &9.3 &5.7 &2.2 58.9
48 97.5 95.1 92.7 90.4 85.8 81.5" 77.4 73.5 &9.7 &&.1 &2.& 59.3

50 97.5 95.1 92.8 90.5 8&.0 81.8 77.7 73.8 70.0 &&.5 &3.1 59.8
VII.1973
 TABLE 4.21 - 2
(

Tempe-
rature
Dew-point depression - depression du point de Tosee
t-td'OC
(
t, °0 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
-38
-36
30.7
31.4
27.4
28.1 25.1 22.4
(
-34 32.1 28.8 25.8 23.0 20.6 18.4
-32 32.8 29.• 5 26.4 23.7 21.2 19.0 15.1

-3D 33.5 30.1 27.1 24.3 21.8 19.6 15.7 12.5 (

-28 34.2 30.8 27.8 25.0 22.5 20.2 16.2 13.0 10.4
-26 34.9 31.5 28.5 25.7 23.1 20.8 16.8 13.5 10.8 8.6
-24 35.6 32.2 29.1 26.3 23.8 21.4 17.4 14.0 11.3 9.0 7.2
-22 36.2 32.9 29.8 27.0 24.4 22.0 18.0 14.6 11.8 9.5 7.6 6.0
(
-20 36.9 33.5 30.4 27.6 25.0 22.7 18.5 15.1 12.2 9.9 7.9 6.4 5.1
-18 37.6 34.2 31.1 28.3 25.7 23.3 19.1 15.6 12.7 10.3 8.3 6.7 5.4
-16 38.2 34.9 31.8 28.9 26.3 23.9 19.7 16.2 13.2 10.7 8.7 7.0 5.7
-14 38.9 35.5 32.4 29.6 26.9 24.5 20.3 16.7 13.7 11.2 9.1 7.4 6.0
-12 39.5 36.2 33.1 30.2 27.6 25.1 20.8 17.2 14.2 11.6 9.5 7.8 6.3 (
-10 40.2 36.8 33.7 30.8 28.2 25.7 21.4 17.8 14.7 12,1 9.9 8.1 6.6
-8 40.8 37.5 34.3 31.5 28.8 26.4 22.0 18.3 15.2 12.6 10.3 8.5 6.9
-6
-4
41.4
42.1
38.1
38.7
35.0
35.6
32.1
32.7
29.4
30.1
27.0
27.6
22.6
23.2
18.9
19.4
15.7
16.2
13.0
13.5
10.8
11.2
8.9
9.3
7.3
7.6
(
-2 42.7 39.3 36.2 33.4 30.7 28.2 23.8 20.0 16.7 14.0 11.6 9.6 8.0

43.3 36.9 34.0 31.3 28.8 24.4 20.5 17.3 14.5 12.1 10.0 8.3
0
2 43.9
40.0
40.6 37.5 34.6 31.9 29.4 24.9 21.1 17.8 14.9 12.5 10.4 8.7 (
4 44.5 41.2 38.1 35.2 32.5 30.0 25.5 21.6 18.3 15.4 13.0 10.9 9.1
6 45.1 41.8 38.7 35.8 33,1 30.6 26.1 22.2 18.8 15.9. 13.4 11.3 9.4
8 45.7 42.4 39.3 36.4 33.7 31.2 26.7 22.8 19.4 16.4 13.9 11.7 9.8

10 46.3 43.0 39.9 37.0 34.3 31.8 27.3 23.3 19.9 16.9 14.3 12.1 10.2
(
12 46.8 43.6 40.5 37.6 34.9 32.4 27.9 23.9 20.4 17.4 14.8 12.6 10.6
14 47.4 44.2 41.1 38.2 35.5 33.0 28.4 24.5 21.0 17.9 15.3 13.0 11.0
16 48.0 44.7 41.7 38.8 36.1 33.6 29.0 25.0 21.5 18.4 15.8 13.4 11.4
18 48.5 45.3 42.3 39.4 36.7 34.2 29.6 25.6 22.0 18.9 16.2 13.9 11.8
(
20 49,1 45.9 42.8 40.0 37.3 34.8 30.2 26.1 22·.6 19.4 16.7 14.3 12.2
22 49.6 46.4 43.4 40.6 37.9 35.4 30.8 26.7 23.1 20.0 17.2 14.8 12.7
24 50.2 47.0· 44.0 41,1 38.5 35.9 31.3 27~3 23.7 20.5 17.7 15.2 13.1
26
28
50.7
51.2
47.5
48.1
44.5
45.1
41.7
42.3
39.0
39.6
36.5
37.1
31.9
32.5
27.8
28.4
24.2
24.7
21.0
21.5
18.2
18.7
15.7
16.2
13.5
14.0
(
30 51.8 48.6 45.6 42.8 40.2 37.7 33.0 28.9 25.3 22.0 19.2 16.6 14.4
32 52;3 49.2 46.2 43.4 40.7 38.2 33.6 29,S 25.8 22.5 19.7 17.1 14.8
34
36
52.8
53.3
49.7
50.2
46.7
47.3
43.9
44.5
41.3
41.8
38.8
39.3
34.2
34.7
30.0
30.6
26.3
26.9
23.1
23.6
20.2
20.7
17.6
18.0
15.3
15.7
(
38 53.8 50.7 47.8 45.0 42.4 39.9 35.3 31.1 27.4 24.1 21.2 18.5 16.2

40
42
54.3
54.8
51.2
51.7
48.3
48.8
45.6
46,1
42.9
43.5
40.4
41.0
35.8
36.4
31.7
32.2
28.0
28.5
24.6
25.2
21.7
22.2
19.0
19.5
16.6
17.1 (
44 55,3 52.2 49.4 46.6 44.0 41.5 36.9 32.8 29.0 25.7 22.7 20.0 17.6
46 55.7 52.7 49.9 47.1 44.5 42.1 37.5 33.3 29.6 26.2 23.2 20.4 18.0
48 56.2 53.2 50.4 47.6 45.1 42.6 38.0 33.9 30.1 26.7 23.7 20.9 18.5

50 56.7 53.7 50.9 48.2 45.6 43.1 38.5 34.4 30.6 27.2 24.2 21.4 18.9
(

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.21 - 3

Table 4.21. 2 Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of

relative humidity and temperature
Temperatur.e thermodynamique du point de rosee en fone-
tion de l'humidite relative et de la temperature
Tempe-
rature Relative humidity - humidite relative, %
·0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55
·0 ·0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0
-48 -48.5 -48.9 -49.4- -50.0
-46 -46.5 -47.0 -47.5 -48.0 -48.6 -49.2 -49.8
-44 -44.5 -45.0 -45.5 -46.0 -46.6 -47.3 -47.9 -48.6 -49.4
-42 -42.5 -43.0 -43.5 -44.1 -44.7 -45.3 -46.0 -46.7 -47.5

-40 -40.5 -4Lo -41.6 -42.1 -42.7 -43.4 -44.1 -44.8 -45.6
-38 -38.5 -39.0 -39.6 -40.2 -40.8 -41.4 -42.1 -42.9 -43.7
-36 -36.5 -37.1 -37.6 -38.2 -38.8 -39.5 -40.2 -41.0 -41.8
-34 -34.5 -35.1 -35.6 -36.3 -36.9 -37.6 -38.3 -39.1 -39.9
-32 -32.5 -33.1 -33.7 -34.3 -35.0 -35.6 -36.4 -37.2 -38.0

-30 -30.5 -31.1 -31.7 -32.3 -33.0 -33.7 -34.5 -35.3 -36.2
-28 -28.6 -29.1 -29.7 -30.4 -31.1 -31.8 -32.6 -33.4 -34.3
-26 -26.6 -27.2 -27.8 -28.4 -29.1 -29.9 -30.6 -31.5 -32.4
-24 -24.6 -25.2 -25.8 -26.5 -27.2 -27.9 -28.7 -29.6 -30.5
-22 -22.6 -23.2 -23.8 -24.5 -25.2 -26.0 -U,,8 -27.7 -28.6

-20 -20.6 -21.2 -21.9 -22.6 -23.3 -24.1 -24.9 -25.8 -26.7
-18 -18.6 -19.2 -19.9 -20.6 -21.3 -22.1 -23.0 -23.9 -24.8
-16 -16.6 -17.3 -17.9 -18.7 -19.4 -20.2 -21.1 -22.0 -23.0
-14 -14.6 -15.3 -16.0 -16.7 -17.5 -18.3 -19. ) -20.1 -21.1
-12 -12.6 -13.3 -14.0 -14.7 -15.5 -16.4 -17.2 -18.2 -19.2

-10 -10.6 -11.3 -12.0 -12.8 -13.6 -14.4 -15.3 -16.3 -17.3
-8 -8.7 -9.3 -10.1 -10.8 -11.6 -12.5 -13.4 -14.4 -15.5
-6 -6.7 -7.4 -8.1 -8.9 -9.7 -10.6 -11.5 -12.5 -)3.6
-4 -4.7 .. 5.4 -6.1 -6.9 -7.8 -8.7 -9.6 -10.6 -11.7
-2 -2.7 -3.4 -4.2 -5.·0 -5.8 -6.7 -7.7 -8.7 -9.8"

0 -.7 -1.4 -2.2 -3.0 -3.9 -4.8 -S.8 -6.8 -8.0

2 1.3 .5 -.3 -1.1 -2.0 -2.9 -3.9 -4.9 -6.1
4 3.3 2.5 1.7 .9 -.0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.1 -4.2
6 5.3 4.5 3.7 2.8 1.9 .9 -.1 -1.2 -2.4
8 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.8 3.8 2.9 1.8 .7 -.5

10 9.2 8.4 7.6 6.7 5.8 4.8 3.7 2.6 1.4

12 11 .2 10.4 9.6 8.7 7.7 6.7 5.6 4.5 3.2
14 13.2 12.4 11.5 10.6 9.6 8.6 7.5 6.4 5.1
16 15.2 14.4 13.5 12.6 11 .6 10.5 9.4 8.2 7.0
18 17.2 16.3 15.4 14.5 13.5 12.5 11.3 10.1 8.8

20 19.2 18.3 17.4 16.4 15.4 14.4 13.2 12.0 10.7

22 21.2 20.3 19.4 18.4 17.4 16.3 15.1 13.9 12.6
24 23.1 22.3 21.3 20.3 19.3 18.2 17.0 15.8 14.4
26 25.1 24.2 23.3 22.3 21.2 20.1 18.9 17.6 16.3
28 27.1 26.2 25.2 24.2 23.2 22.0 20.8 19.5 18.1

30 29.1 28.2 27.2 26.2 25.1 23.9 22.7 21.4 20.0

32 31.1 30.1 29.2 28.1 27.0 25.8 24.6 23.3 21.8
34 33.1 3201 :! 1.1 30.1 28.9 27.7 26.5 25.1 23.7
36 35.1 34.1 33.1 32.0 30.9 29.7 28.4 27.0 25.5
38 37.1 36.1 35.0 33.9 32.8 31.6 30.3 28.9 27.4

40 39.0 38.0 37.0 35.9 34.7 33.5 32.1 30.7 29.2

42 41.0 40.0 38.9 37.8 36.6 35.4 34.0 32.6 31.1
44 43.0 42.0 40.9 39.8 38.6 37.3 35.9 34.5 32.9
46 45.0 44.0 42.9 41.7 40.5 39.2 37.8 36.3 34.8
48 47.0 45.9 44.8 43.6 42.4 41.1 39.7 38.2 36.6

50 49.0 47.9 46.8 45.6 44.3 43.0 41.6 40.1 38.4

VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.21 - 4 (
Tempe-
Relative humidity - humidite relative, %
rature
·0 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
(
'0 ·0 '0 '0 '0 'C ·C 'C 'C

-42 -48.3 -49.3 (

-40 -46.5 -47.4 -48.5 -49.6
-38 -44.6 -45.6 -46.6 -47.8 -49.2
-36
-34
-42.7
-40.8
-43.7
-41.8
-44.8
-43.0
-46.0
-44.2
-47.4
-45.6
-49.0
-47.3 -49.2
(
-32 -39.0 -40.0 -41.1 -42.4 -43.8 -45.5 -47.5

-30 -37.1 -38.1 -39.3 -40.6 -42.0 -43.8 -45.8 -48.4 -28.0
-35 -36.3 -37.5 -38.8 -40.3 -42.0 -44.1 -46.7 (
-26 -33.4 -34.4 -35.6 -37.0 -38.5 -40.3 -42.4 -45.0 -48.7
-24 -31.5 -32.6 -33.8 -35.2 -36.7 -38.5 -40.7 -43.4 -4701
-22 -29.6 -30.7 -32.0 -33.4 -34.9 -36.8 -39.0 -41.7 -45.5

-20 -27.8 -28.9 -30.2 -31.6 -33.2 -35.0 -37.2 -40.1 -43.9
(
-18 -25.9 -27.1 -28.3 -29.8 -31.4 -33.3 -35.5 -38.4 -42.3
-16 -24.0 -25.2 -26.5 -28.0 -29.6 -31.5 -33.8 -36.7 -40.7
-14 -22.2 -23.4 -24.7 -26.2 -27.8 -29.8 -32.1 -35.1 -39.1
-12 -20.3 -21.5 -22.9 -24.4 -26.1 -28.1 -30.4 -33.4 -37.5
(
-10 -18.5 -19.7 -21.0 -22.6 -24.3 -26.3 -28.7 -31.8 -35.9
-8 -16.6 " -17.9 -19.2 -20.8 -22.5 -24.6 -27.1 -30.1 -34.3
-6 -14.7 -16.0 -17.4 -19.0 -20.8 -22.9 -25.4 -28.5 -32.8
-4
-2
-12.9 -14.2
-11.0 -12.3
-15.6
"-13.8
-17.2
-15.4
-19.0
-17.3
-21.1
-19.4
-23.7
-22.0
-26.9
-25.2
-31.2
-29.6
(
0 -9.2 -10.5 -12.0 -13.6 -15.5 -17.7 -20.3 -23.6 -28.0
2 -7.3 -8.7 -10.2 -11.9 -13.8 -16.0 -18.6 -22.0 -26.5
4 -5.5
-3.6
c-6.9
-5.0
-8.4
-6.6
-10.1
-8.3
-12.0
-10.3
-14.3
-12.5
-16.9
-15.3
-20.3
-18.7
-24.9
-23.4
(
6
8 -1.8 -3.2 -4.8 -6.5 -8.5 -10.8 -13.6 -17.1 -21.8

10
12
.1
1.9
-1.4
.4
-3.0
-1.2
-4.8
-3.0
-6.8
-5.0
-9.1
-7.4
-11.9
-10.3
-15.5
-13.8
-20.3
-18.7 (
14 3.8 2.3 .6 -1.2 -3.3 -5.7 -8.6 -12.2 -17.2
16 5.6 4.1 2.4 .6 -1.6 -4.0 -6.9 -10.6 -15.6
18 7.4 5.9 4.2 2.3 .2 -2.3 -5.3 -9.0 -14.1

9.3 7.7 6.0 4.1 1.9 -.6 -3.6 -7.4 -12.5

(
20
22 11.1 9.5 7.8 5.9 3.6 1.1 -2.0 -5.8 -11.0
24 12.9 11.3 9.6 7.6 5.4 2.8 -.3 -4.2 -9.5
26 14.8 13.2 11.4 9.4 701 4.5 1.3 -2.6 -8.0
28 16.6 15.0 13.2 11.1 8.8 6.2 3.0 -1.0 -6.4
(
30 18.4 16.8 14.9 12.9 10.5 7.8 4.6 .6 -4.9
32 20.3 18.6 16.7 14.6 12.3 9.5 6.3 2.2 -3.4
34 22.1 20.4 18.5 16.4 14.0 11.2 7.9 3.7 -1.9
36
38
23.9
25.8
220'2
24.0
20.3
22.0
18.1
19.9
15.7
17.4
12.9
14.6
9.5
11.2
5.3
6.9
-.4
1.1
(
40 27.6 25.8 23.8 21.6 19.1 16.2 12.8 8.5 2.6
42
44
29".4
31.2
27.6
29.4
25.6
27.4
23.4
25.1
20.8
22.5
17.9
19.6
14.4
16.0
10.0
11.6
4.1
5.6 (
46 33.0 31.2 29.1 26.8 24.2 21.2 17.6 13.2 7.1
48 34.9 33.0 30.9 28.6 25.9 22.9 19.3 14.7 8.6

50 36.7 34.8 32.7 30.3 27.6 24.6 20.9 16.3 10.1 (

(
Vll.1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 1

Table 4.22.1.1 Factors for computing mixing ratio as a function of

thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature, temperature and
pressure
Facteurs pour le calcul du rapport de melange en fonction
de la temperature thermodynamique du thermometre
mouille, de la temperature et de la pression
tw thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre
:
mouille
t : temperature - temperature
Factor A - Jacteur A
tw t-tw, OO
·0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 7

-50 .00035 .00070 .00105 .00140 .00210 .00280 .00350 .00420 .00489 .00559
-45 .00035 .00071 .00106 .00141 .00212 .00282 .00352 .00422 .00492 .00562
-40 .00036 .00071 .00106 .00142 .00213 .00283 .00354 .00425 .00495 .00565
-35 .00036 .00071 .00107 .00143 .00214 .00285 .00356 .00427 .00498 .00568
-30 .00036 .00072 .00108 .00143 .00215 .00287 .00358 .00429 .00500 .00571

-25 .00036 .00072 .00108 .00144 .00216 .00288 .00360 .00431 .00503 .00574
-20 .00036 .00073 .00109 .00145 .00217 .00289 .00362 .00434 .00505 .00577
-15 .00036 .00073 .00109 .00146 .00218 .00291 .00363 .00436 .00508 .00580
-10 .00037 .00073 .00110 .00146 .00219 .00292 .00365 .00438 .00510 .00583
-5 .00037 .00074 .00110 .00147 .00220 .00294 .00367 .00440 .00513 .00586

0 .00037 .00074 .00111 .00148 .00221 .00295 .00369 .00442 .00515 .00538
5 .00037 .00074 .00111 .00148 .00222 .00296 .00370 .00444 .00518 .00591
10 .00037 .00075 .00112 .00149 .00224 .00298 .00372 .00446 .00520 .00594
15 .00036 .00075 .00112 .00150 .00225 .00299 .00374 .00448 .00523 .00597
20 . .00038 .00075 .00113 .00151 .00226 .00301 .00376 .00450 .00525 .00600

25 .00038 .00076 .00114 .00151 .00227 .00302 .00377 .00453 .00528 .00602
30 .00038 .00076 .00114 .00152 .00228 .00304 .00379 .00455 .00530 .00605
35 .00038 .00076 .00115 .00153 .00229 .00305 .00381 .00457 .00533 .00608
40 .00038 .00077 .00115 .00154 .00230 .00307 .60383 .00459 .00535 .00611
45 .00039 .00077 .00116 .00154 .00231 .00308 .00385 .00461 .00538 .00614
50 .00039 .00078 .00116 .00155 .00232 .00310 .00387 .00464 .00541 .00617

tw t - l w , °0
·0 10 1i 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-30 .00642 .00713 .00784 .00855 .00925 .0099& .010&& .0113b .01207 .01277
-25 .00&4& .00717 .00788 .00859 .00930 .01001 .01072 .01142 .01213 .01283
-20 .00&49 .00720 .00792 .008&3 .00935 .0100& .01077 .01148 .01219 .01289
-15 .00&52 .00724 .0079& .008&7 .00939 .01011 .01082 .01153 .01224 .0129&
-10 .00&55 .00727 .00800 .00872 .00944 .01015 .01087 .01159 .01230 .01302
-5 .00&58 .00731 .00803 .0087& .00948 .01020 .01092 .011&4 .0123& .01308

0 .00&&1 .00734 .00807 .00880 .00953 .01025 .01097 .01170 .01242 .01314
5 .00&&4 .00738 .00811 .00884 .00957 .01030 .01103 .01175 .01248 .01320
10 .00&&8 .00741 .00815 .00888 .009&1 .01035 .01108 .01181 .01254 .0132&
15 .00&71 .00745 .00819 .00892 .009&& .01040 .01113 .0118& .012&0 .01333
20 .00&74 .00748 .00823 .00897 .00971 .01045 .01118 .01192 .012&& .01339
25 .00&77 .00752 .00827 .00901 .00975 .01050 .01124 .01198 .01272 .01345
30 .00&81 .0075& .00830 .00905 .00980 .01055 .01129 .01203 .01278 .01352
35 .00&84 .00759 .00835 .00910 .00985 .010&0 .01135 .01209 .01284- .01358
40 .00&87 .007&3 .00839 .00914 .00990 .010&5 .01140 .01215 .01290 .013&5

tw t - tW } °0
·0 20 22 24 26 28 30

10 .01472 .01&1& .01761 .01905 .02048 .02191

15 .01479 .01&24 .01769 .01914 .02058 .02202
20 .0148& .01632 .01777 .01923 .02068 .02212
25 .01493 .01640 .0178& .01932 .02077 .02222
30 .01500 .01647 .01794 .01941 .02087 .02233

VII.1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 2
(
Factor B - facteur B
(
I., 1-1.,,00
00 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 7 8

-50
-45
.19065
.19184
.38117
.38355
.57155
.57512
.76180
.76655
1.1419
1.1490
1.5215
1.5309
1.9005
1.9123
2.2790
2.2932
2.6570
2.6735
3.0344
3.0533
(
-40 .19298 .38582 .57852 .77109 1.1558 1.5400 1.9236 2.3067 2.6893 3.0713
-35 .19405 .38797 .58175 .77539 101623 1.5486 1.9343 2.3195 2.7042 3.0883
-30 .19508 .39003 .58483 .77949 1.1684 1.5568 1.9445 2.3318 2.7185 3.1046
-25
-20
.19607
.19703
.39200
.39392
.58779
.59067
.78343
.78728
1.1743
101801
1.5646
1.5723
1.9543
1.9639
2.3435
2.3550
2.7322
2.7455
301202
3.1355 (
-15 .19800 .39586 .!>9357 .79114 1.1858 1.5800 1.'1735 2.3665 2.7589 3.1508
-10 .19896 .39778 .59645 .79497 1.1'116 1.5876 1.'1831 2.3779 2.7722 3.1660
-5 .19991 .39968 .59929 .79876 1.1973 1.5952 1.9925 2.3893 2.7854 3.1810

0 .20086 .40157 .60213 .80254 1.2029 1.6027 2.0019 2.4005 2.7986 301960
(
5 .20180 .40346 .60496 .80631 1.2086 1.6102 2.0113 2.4118 2.8117 3.2110
10 .20276 .40536 .60782 .81012 1.2143 1.6178 2.0208 2.4231 2.8249 3.2261
15 .20374 .40733 .61076 .81404 1.2~02 1.6257 2.0305 2.4348 2.8385 3.2416
20 .20473 .40931 .61373 .81800 1.2261 1.6335 2.0404 2.4466 2.8523 3.2573
25 .20572 .41128 .61669 .82194 1.2320 1.6414 2.0502 2.4584 2.8659 3.2729 (
30 .20671 .41327 .61966 .82590 1.2379 1.6493 2.0601 2.4702 2.8797 3.2886
35 .20773 .41529 .62270 .82995 1.2440 1.6574 2.0701 2.4823 2.8938 3.3047
40 .20876 .41735 .62578 .83406 1.2501 1.6656 2.0804 2.4945 2.9080 3.3209
45 .20980 .41943 .62890 .83821 1.2563 1.6738 2.0907 2.5069 2.9225 3.3374
50 .21085 .42153 .63206 .84241 1.2626 1.6822 2.1011 2.51'14 2.9371 3.3541 (

I., t-tw,OC
00 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 (
-30 3.4902 3.8752 4.2597 4.6436 5.0270 5.4099 5.7922 6.1739 6.5551 6.9358
-25 3.5077 3.8947 4.2811 4.6669 5.0522 5.4370 5.8212 6.2048 6.5879 6.9705
-20 3.5249 3.9137 4.3020 4.6897 5.0768 5.4634 5.8495 6.2350 6.6199 7.0043
-15
-10
3.5421
3.5591
3.9328
3.9517
4.3229 4.7125
4.3437 -4.7352
5.1015
5.1260
5.4900
5.5163
5.8779
5.9061
6.2652
6.2953
6.6520
6.6839
7.0382
7.0719
(
-5 3.5760 3.9705 4.3643 4.7576 5.1503 5.5424 5.9340 6.3250 6.7154 7.1053

0
5
3.5929
3.6097
3.9891
4.0078
4.3848
4.4053
4.7799
4.8023
5.1745
5.1'186
5.5684
5.5944
5.'1618
5.9896
6.3546
6.3842
6.7469
6.7782
7.1385
701717
(
10 3.6266 4.0266 4.4260 4.8248 5.2230 5.6206 6.0176 6.4140 6.8099 7.2052
15 3.6441 4.0460 4.4473 4.8479 5.2480 5.6475 6.0464 6.4448 6.8425 7.2396
20 3.6617 4.0655 4.4687 4.8713 5.2734 5.6748 6.0756 6.4758 6.8754 7.2744
25 3.6792 4.0850 4.4901 4.8946 5.2985 5.7018 6.1045 6.5066 6.9081 7.3090
30 3.6969 4.1046 4.5116 4.9180 5.3239 5.7291 6.1337 6.5376 6.9410 7.3438 (
35 3.7149 4.1246 4.5336 4.9420 5.3497 5.7569 6.1634 6.5694 6.9747 7.3794
40 3.7332 4.1448 4.5559 4.9662 5.3760 5.7851 6.1936 6.6015 7.0088 7.4155

I., 1-1.,,00
(
00 20 22 24 26 28 30

10
15
7.9940
8.0321
8.7804
8.8223
9.5646
9.6101
10.346
10.396
11.126
11.179
11.903
11.960
(
20 8.0707 8.8646 9.6561 10.445 11.232 12.017
25 8.1089 8.9065 9.7018 10.495 11.285 12.073
30 8.1475 8.9489 9.7478 10.544 11.339 12.130

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 3

Table 4.22.1.2 Mixing ratio as a fnnction of thermodynamic wet-bnlh

temperature and temperatnre for a pressure of 1 000 mb
Rapport de melange en fonction de la temperature thermo-
dynamique du thermometre mouille et de la temperature
pour la pression de 1000 mb
t w : thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre
mouille
t: temperature - temperature
t t-tw, OO
°C 0 1 4 7 9
g Jrg-l g Jrg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I
-10 1.793 i .257 .133 .21·9
-8 2.099 1.541 .995 .462
-6 2.450 1.861 1.299 .744 ,200
-4 2.852 2.242 1.648 1.068 .502
-2 3.312 2.671 2.048 1.441 .849 .271

0 3.838 3.163 2,506 1.868 1.247 .642 .052

2 4.438 3.723 3.030 2.357 1.703 1.066 .448
4 5,119 4,362 3.627 2.915 2.224 1.554 .901 .268
6 5.893 5.086 4.306 3.551 2.819 2,109 1.421 .753 .103
8 6.169 5.909 5.077 4,273 3,495 2.743 2.013 1.306 .619

I".
12
7.761
8.880
6,840
7.892
5.950
6,939
5.093
6,021
4.264
5.134
3.462
4,279
2,687
3.453
1.937
2.654
1.210
1.881·
.504
1.133
14 10.142 9.078 8.055 7.070 6.120 5,204 4,320 3,468 2.644 1.848
16 11.562 10.416 9.314 8.253 7.233 6,250 5.303 4,390 3.509 2.660
18 13.159 11.920 10.730 9,587 8,488 7,430 6.413 5.433 4,489 3.578

20 14.951 13.610 12.323 11.087 9,900 8.760 7.664 6,609 5.595 4.618
22 16.961 15.506 14.110 12.772 11.489 10.256 9.073 7,936 6.843 5.791
24 19.212 17.631 16.116 14.665 13.272 1l.938 10.658 9,428 8.248 7.114
26 21.732 20.010 18.362 16.785 15.273 13.826 12.437 11.1 06 9.829 8,603
28 24.548 22,670 20.876 19.159 17.514 15.941 14,433 12.989 11,604 10.276

30 27.693 25.644 23.686 21.813 2~.023 18.310 16.669 15.099 13.596 12.155
3.2 31.206 28.966 26,825 24.781 22.827 20.959 19.173 17,463 15.827 14,261
34 350126 32.672 30.331 28.096 25.960 23.970 21.971 20.106 18.325 16,619
36 39.498 36.808 34.24-3 31.795 29.459 27.228 25.097 23.062 21.117 19.257
38 44.375 41.422 38.607 35.923 33.363 30.920 28.589 26.363 24.237 22.206

40 49.813 46.561 43.415 40.528 31.718 35.040 32.486 30.048 27.722 25.501

t t-tw,OC
°c 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I g Jrg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-1 gkg-I gkg"1 gkg-I
12 .409
14 1.077 .332
16 1.838 1.044 .276
18 2.700 1.853 1.034 .243

20 3.677 2.769 1.893 1.049 .233

22 4.780 3.BO!: 2.867 1.962 1.089 .247
24 6.024 4.976 3.967 2.996 2.060 1.158 .281
26 1.426 6.295 5.208 4. i63 3.157 2.189 1.255 .356
28 9.003 7.780 6.606 5.478 4.395 3.352 2.349 1.383 .453

30 10.774 9.449 8.119 6.959 5.789 4.61)4 3.583 2.543 1.543 .581
32 12.761 11.324 9.946 8.625 7.358 6.141 4.974 3.852 2.774 1.737
34 14.987 13.425 11.928 10.495 9.120 7.803 6.539 5.326 4.161 3.043
36 17 .480 15.718 14.149 12.591 11.098 9.668 8.297 6.983 5.723 4.512
38 20.266 18.410 16.631 14.939 13.314 11.760 10.270 8.844 7.476 6.166

40 23.379 21.353 19.418 17.566 15.796 14.103 12.482 10.931 9.445 8.023

t t-tw,OC
°c 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
.g kg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I

32 .140
34 1.968 .934
") "l"!C
 (,
TABLE 4.22 - 4

Table 4.22.2.1 Factors for computing thermodynamic wet-bulb tem-

perature as a function of mixing ratio, temperature and (
pressure
Facteurs .pour le calcul de la temperature thermodyna-
mique du thermometre mouille' en fonction du rapport de (
melange, de la temperature et de la pression
I. Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature as a function of factor F and pressure - ~

Temperature thermodynamique du thermometre mouille en fonetion du faeteur F et de la

(
pression
Pressure - pression, rob
F 1050
°0
1000
°0
950
°0
900
°0
850
°0
800
°0
750
°0
700
°0
650
°0
600
°0
(
-19.0 -49.91 -49.91 -49.92 -49.92 -49.93 -49.94 -49.95 -49.96 -49.97 -49.98
-18.5 -48.53 -48.53 -48.54 -48.55 -48.56 -48.57 -413.58 ';'413.59 -48.60 -48.62 (
-18.0 -47.16 -47017 -47.17 -47.18 -47019 -47.20 -47.21 -47.23 -47.24 -47.26
-17.5 -45.80 -45.81 -45.81 -45.82 -45.84 -45.85 -45.86 -45.88 -45.90 -45.92
-17 .0 -44.45 -44.45 -44.47 -44.48 -44.49 -44.50 -44.52 -44.54 -44.56 -44.58
-16.5 -4301 0 -43.11 -43013 -43.14 -43015 -43017 -43019 -43.21 -43.23 -43.26
-16.0 -41.77 -41.78 -41.79 -41.81 -41.83 -41.85 -41.87 -41.89 -41.92 -41.95
-15.5 -40.45 -40.46 -40.47 -40.49 -40.51 -40.53 -40.56 -40.58 -40.62 -40.65 (
-15.0 -39.13 -39015 -39016 -39.18 -39.21 -39.23 -39.26 -39.29 -39.32 -39.37
-14.5 -37.83 -37.85 -37.87 -37.89 -37.91 -37.94 -37.97 -38.01 -38.05 -38.09
-14.0
-13.5
-36.53
-35.25
-36.55
-35.27
-36.58
-35.30
-36.60
-35.33
-36.63
-35.36
-36.66
-35.39
-36.70
-35.43
-36.74
-35.48
-36.78
-35.53
-36.83
-35.59 (
-13.0 -33.98 -34.00 -34.03 -34.06 -34.10 -34.14 -34.18 -34.23 -34.29 -34.36
-12.5 -32.72 -32.75 -32.78 -32.81 -32.85 -32.90 -32.95 -33.00 -33.07 -33.14
-12.0 -31.47 -31.50 -31.54 -31.58 -31.62 -31.67 -31.72 -31.79 -31.86 -31.94
-11.5
-ll.O
-30.23
-29.01
-30.27
-29.05
-30.31
-29.09
-30.35
-29.14
-30.40
-29.19
-30.45
-29.25
-30.51
-29.32
-30.58
-29.40
-30.66
-28.00
-30.75
-28.34
(
-10.5 -27.79 -27.84 -27.89 -27.94 -28.00 -28.07 -213.14 -28.22 -29.90 -29.51

-10.0 -26.59 -26.64 -26.70 -26.76 -26.82 -26.90 -26.98 -27.07 -27.46 -27.65
-9.5 -25.41 -25.46 -25.52 -25.59 -25.66 -25.74 -25.83 -25.93 -26.04 -26.18 (
-9.0 -24.24 -24.30 -24.36 -24.43 -24.51 -24.60 -24.70 -24.131 -24.93 -25.07
-8.5 -23.08 -23.14 -23.22 -23.29 -23.38 -23.47 -23.58 -23.70 -23.84 -23.99
-8.0 -21.94 -22.01 -22.09 -22.17 -22.26 -22.37 -22.48 -22.61 -22.76 -22.92
-7.5 -20.81 -20.89 -20.97 -21.06 -21.16 -21.28 -21.40 -21.54 -21.70 -21.88
-7.0 -19.70 -19.78 -19.87 -19.97 -20.08 -20.20 -20.34 -20.49 -20.66 -20.85 (
-6.5 -18.60 -18.69 -18.79 -18.90 -19.02 -19015 -19.29 -19.46 -19.64 -19.84
-6.0 -17.52 -17.62 -17.72 -17.84 -17.97 -18011 -113.27 -18.44 -113.63 -18.86
-5.5 -16.46 -16.56 -16.68 -16.80 -16.94 -17.09 -17 .26 -17 .44 -17.65 -17.89

-5.0 -15.41 -15.52 -15.64 -15.78 -15.93 -16.09 -16.27 -16.46 -16.69 -16.94
(
-4.5 -14.38 -14.50 -14.63 -14.77 -14.93 -15.10 -15.29 -15.50 -15.74 -16.00
-4.0 -13.37 -13.50 -13.64 -13.79 -13.95 -14.14 -14.34 -14 .56 -14.81 -15.09
-3.5 -12.37 -12.51 -12.66 -12.82 -13.00 -13.19 -13.40 -13.64 -13.90 -14.20
-3.0
-2.5
-11.39
-10.43
-11.54
-10.59
-11.70
-10.75
-11.87
-10.94
-12.06
-11.13
-12.26
-1l.35
-12.49
-11.59
-12.74
-11.85
-13.01
-12.14
-13.33
-12.47 (
-2.0 -9.49 -9.65 -9.83 -10.02 -10.23 -10 .46 -10.71 -10.99 -11.29 -11.63
-1.5 -8.56 -8.74 -8.92 -9.12 -9.34 -9.58 -9.85 -10.14 -10.46 -10.82
-1.0 -7.65 -7.84 -8.03 -8.25 -8.48 -8.73 -9.00 -9.31 -9.64 -10.01
-.5 -6 .• 76 -6.95 -7.16 -7.38 -7.62 -7.89 -8.18 -8.49 -13.84 -9.23
(
0.0 -5.89 -6.09 -6.31 -6.54 -6.79 -7.07 -7.37 -7.70 -8.06 -8.47
1.0 -4.19 -4.41 -4.65 -4.90 -5.18 -5.47 -5.80 -6.16 -6.55 -6.98
2.0 -2.56 -2.80 -3.05 -3.33 -3.63 -3.95 -4.30 -4.68 -5.10 -5.57
3.0 -.99 -1.25 -1.53 -1.82 -2.14 -2.48 -2.86 -3.27 -3.71 -4.21 (
4.0 .51 .24 -.06 -.37 -.71 -1.08 -J .48 -1.91 -2.39 -2.91
5.0 1.96 1.66 1.35 1.01 .65 • 26 -.16. -.62 -1012 -1.67
6.0 3.34 3.03 2.70 2.34 1.96 1.55 1 .11 .62 .10 -.48
7.0 4.68 4.35 4.00 3.62 3.22 2.79 2.32 1.82 1.27 .66 (
8.0 5.96 5.61 5.24 4.85 4.43 3.97 3.49 2.96 2.39 1.76
9.0 7.19 6.82 6.44 6.03 5.59 5.12 4.61 4.06 3.46 2.81
VIL1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 5

Pressure - pression, mb
F 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 150 100 650 600
'0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0

10.0 8.37 7.99 7.59 7016 6.70 6.21 5.69 5.12 4.50 3.82
11.0 9.51 9.11 8.69 8.25 7.78 7.27 6.72 6.13 5.49 4.80
12.0 10.60 10.19 9.76 9.30 8.81 8.28 7.72 7.11 6.45 5.73
13.0 11.66 11.24 10.79 10.31 9.80 9.26 8.68 8.05 7.37 6.63
14.0 12.68 12.24 11.78 11.29 10.76 10.20 9.61 8.96 8.26 7.50
15.0 13.66 13.21 12.73 12.23 11.69 11.11 10.50 9.84 9.12 8.34
16.0 14.61 14.14 13.65 13.13 12.58 11.99 11.36 10.68 9.95 9015
17 .0 15.52 15.05 14.54 14 .01 13.44 12.84 12.19 11.50 10.75 9.94
18.0 16.41 15.92 15.41 14.86 14.28 13.66 13.00 12.29 11.53 10.70
19.0 17.27 16.77 16.24 15.68 15.09 14.46 13.78 13.06 12.28 11.43

20.0 18.10 17.59 17.05 16.48 15.87 15.23 14.54 13.BO 13.00 12.14
21.0 18.90 18.38 17.83 17.25 16.63 15.97 15.27 14.52 13.71 12.83
22.0 19.68 19.15 18.59 17.99 17.36 16.70 15.98 15.22 14.39 13.50
23.0 20.4·4 19.89 19.32 18.72 18.08 17.40 16.67 15.89 15.06 14.15
24.0 21.17 20.62 20.04 19.42 18.77 18.08 17.34 16.55 15.70 14.78
25.0 21.88 21.32 20.73 20.11 19.44 18.74 17.99 17019 16.33 15.40

26.0 22.58 22.01 21.40 20.77 20.10 19.39 18.62 17.81 16.94 15.99
28.0 23.91 23.32 22.70 22.05 21.35 20.62 19.84 19.01 18.11 17.14

30.0 25.17 24.56 23.93 23.26 22.55 21.79 20.99 20.14 19.22 18.23
32.0 26.37 25.75 25.09 24.41 23.68 22.91 22.09 21.22 20.28 19.26
34.• 0 27.51 26.87 26.20 25.50 24.76 23.97 23.13 22.24 21.28 20.25
36.0 28.59 27.94 27.26 26.55 2,5.79 24.99 24.13 23.96 22.25 21.20
38.0 29.63 28.97 28.28 27.54 26.77 25.95 25.09 23.75 23.17 22.10
40.0 30.63 29.95 29.24 28.50 27.71 26.88 26.00 24.05 24.05 22.96
42.0 31.58 30.89 30.17 29.42 28.62 27.77 26.87 25.82 24.89 23.79
44.0 32.49 31.79 31.06 30.29 29.48 28.63 27.71 26.73 25.71 24.59
46.0 33.37 32.66 31.92 31.14 30.32 29.45 28.52 27.54 26.49 25.36
48.0 34.22 33.50 32.74 31.95 31.12 30.24 29.30 28.31 27.24 26.09

50.0 35.03 34.30 33.54 32.74 31.89 31.00 30.05 29.04 27.97 26.81
52.0 35.81 35.08 34.31 33.49 32.64 31.74 30.78 29.76 28.67 27.49
54.0 36.57 35.83 35.05 34.22 33.36 32.45 31.48 30.45 29.34 28.16
56.0 37.30 36.55 35.76 34.93 34.06 33.13 32.15 31.11 30.00 28.80
58.0 38.01 37.25 36.45 35.61 34.73 33.80 32.81 31.76 30.63 29.42
60.0 38.70 37.93 37.12 36.28 35.38 34.44 33.44 32.38 31.25 30.03
62.0 39.36 38.59 37.77 36.92 36.02 35.07 34.06 32.99 31.84 30.61
64.0 40.01 39.22 38.40 37.54 36.63 35.67 34.66 33.57 32.42 31.18
66.0 40.63 39.84 39.01 38.14 37.23 36.26 35.23 34.15 32.98 31.73
68.0 41.24 40.44 39.61 38.73 37.81 36.83 35.80 34.70 33.53 32.27

VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 6 (
Pressure - pression, mb
F 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 (
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0
-19.0 I
-18.5 -48.64 -48.66 -48.69 -48.72 -48.71 -48.A2 -4A.90 -49.02 -49.21 -49.56
-47.34
-18.0
-17.5
-47.29
-45.94
-47.31
-45.97 -46.01
-47.38
-46.06
-47.43
-46.11
-47.50
-46.19
-47.59
-46.29
-47.72
-46.45
-47.94
-46.69
-48.34
-47.14 (
-17.0 -44.61 -44.65 -44.69 -44.74 -44.81 -44.89 -45.01 -45.19 -45.46 -45.97
-16.5 -43.30 -43.33 -43.38 -43.44 -43.52 -43.62 -43.75 -43.94 -44.25 -44.82
-16.0 -41.99 -42.03 -42.09 -42.16 -42.24 -42.35 -42.50 -42.72 -43.07 -43.70
'-15.5 -40.70 -40.75 -40.81 -40.88 -40.98 -41.11 -4].28 -41.52 -41.90 -42.60
(
-15.0 -39.41 -39.47 -39.54 -39.63 -39.74 -39.88 -40.07 -40.34 .40.77 -41.53
-14.5 -38.15 -38.21 -38.29 -38.39 -38.51 -38.67 -3A.88 -39.18 -39.65 -40.48
-14.0 -36.89 -36.97 -37.06 -37.16 -37.30 -37.47 -37.71 -3A.04 -3A.56 -39.46
-13.5 -35.66 -35.74 -35.84 -35.96 -36011 -36.30 -36.56 -36.93. -37.49 -38.47 (
-13.0 -34.43 -34.52 -34.63 -34.71 -34.93 -35.15 -35.43 -35.84 -36.45 -37 .51
-12.5 -33.22 -33.33 -33.45 -33.59 -33.78 -34.01 -34.33 -34.77 -35.43 -36.57
-.12.0 -32.03 -32.14 -32.28 -32.44 -32.64 -32.90 -33.24 -33.72 -34.44 -35.66
-11.5 -30.86 -30.98 -31.12 -31.30 -31.52 -31.81 -32.18 -32.70 -33.47 -34.77
-11.0 -28.68 -29.13 -29.94 -30.19 -30.43 -30.73 -31.14 -31.70 -32.53 -33.91 (
-10.5 -29.28 -29.14 -29.04 -26.81 -29.35 -29.69 -30.12 -30.72 -31.61 -33.07

-10.0 -27.84 -28.03 -28.22 -28.42 -28.30 -28.66 -29.13 -29.77 -30.71 -32.26
-9.5
-9.0
-26.34
-25.24
-26.51 -26.72
-25.65
-26,96
-25.92
-27.26 -27.65 -28.15 -2A.84 -29.84 -31.47 (
-25.43 -26.25 -26.67 -27.21 -27.94 -29.00 -30.70
-8.5 -24.17 -24.37 -2".61 -24.90 -25.26 -25.70 -26.28 -27.05 -28.17 -29.96
-8.0 -23.12 -23.34 -23.60 -23.91 -24.29 -24.76 -25.37 -26.19 -27.37 -29.24
-7.5 -22.08 -22.32 -22.60 -22.94 -23.34 -23.84 -24.49 -25.35 -26.59 -28 •.53
-7.0
-6.5
-21.07
-20.08
-21.33
-20.35
-21.)"3
-20.67
-21.98
-21,05
-22.41
-21.50
-22.95
-22.07
-23.63
-2;'>.79
-24.54
-23.74
-25.83
-25.09
-27.85
-27.19
(
-6.0 -19.11 -19.40 -19.74 -20.13 -20.62 -21.21 -21.97 -22.97 -24.37 -26.54
..5.5 -18.15 -18.46 -18.82 -19.24 -19.75 -20.38 -21.17 -22 .• 21 -23.67 -25.91

-5.0 -17.22 -17.55 -17.92 -18.37 -18.91 -19.56 ~20.39 -21.47 -22.98 -25.30
(
-4.5 -16.30 -16.65 -17.05 -17.52 -18.08 -18.71 -19.63 -20.76 -22.32 -24.71
-4.0 -15.41 -15.71 -16.19 -16.69 -17.27 -17.99 -18.89 -20.06 -21.68 -24.13
-3.5 -14.53 -14.92 -15.36 -15.87 -16.49 -17.23 -18.17 -19.38 -21.05 -23.57 (
-3.0 -13.68 -14.08 -14.54 -15.08 -15.12 ';16.50 -17.46 -18.72 -20.43 -23.02
-2.5 -12.84 -13.26 -13.74 -14.30 -14.97 -15.78 -1".78 -18.07 -19.A4 -22.49
-2.0 -12.02 -12.46 -12.96 -13.55 -14.24 -15.07 -16.11 -17 .44 ,.19.26 -21.97
-1.5 -11.22 -11.67 -12.20 -12.80 -13.52 -14.39 -15·.45 -16.A3 -18.69 ..-21.46
-1.0 -10.43 -10.91 -11 .45 -12.08 -12.82 -13.72 -14.82 -16.23 -IA.14 ;'20.97 (
-.5 -9.67 -10.16 -10.72 -11.38 -12014 -13 .06 -14.20 -15.64 -17.60 -20.49

0.0 -8.92 -9.43 -10.01 -10.69 -11.48 -12.43 -13.59 -15.07 -17.07 -20.02
1.0 -7.47 -8.02 -8.64 -9.36 -10.20 -11.20 -17.42 -13.97 -16.06 -19.11 (
2.0 -6.08 -6.67 -7.33 -8.09 -8.97 -10.02 -11.31 -12.93 -15.09 -IA.24
3.0 -4.76 -5.38 -6.07 -6.87 -7.80 -8.90 -10.24 -11.93 -14.16 -17.41 .
4.0 -3.49 -4.14 -4.87 -5.71 -6.68 -7.83 -9.22 -10.97 -13.28 -16.62
5.0 -2.28 -2.96 -3.73 -4.60 -5.61 -6.81 -8.25 -10.05 -12.43 -15.86
6.0 -1.12 -1.83 -2.63 -3.54 -4.59 -5.83 -7.32 -9.18 -11.62 -15.13
7.0 -.00 -.74 -1.57 -2.52 -3.61 -4.89 -6.42 -8.34 -10.84 -14.43 (
8.0 1.07 .30 -.56 -1.54 -2.67 -3.98 -5.56 -7.53 -10.09 -13.76
9.0 2.09 1.30 .41 -.60 -1.76 -3.12 -4.74 -6.75 -9.38 -13.11

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 7

Pressure - pression, mb
F 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0

10.0 3.08 2.26 1.34 .30 -.89 -2.28 -3.95 -6.00 -8.68 -12.49
11.0 4.03 3018 2.24 1.17 -.05 -1.48 -3.18 -5.28 -8.01 -11.88
12.0 4.94 4.07 3.10 2.01 .75 -.71 -;:>.44 -4.59 -7.37 -11.30
13.0 5.82 4.93 3.93 2.81 1.53 .04 -1.73 -::l.'l2 -6.75 -10.74
14.0 6.67 5.76 4.74 3.59 2.28 .76 -1.05 -3.27 -6014 -10019
15.0 7.49 6.56 5.51 4.34 3.00 1.46 -.38 -2.64 -5.56 -9.66
16.0 8.28 7.33 6.26 5.07 3.71 2013 .26 -2.04 -5.00 -9.15
17.0 9.05 8.07 6.99 5.77 4.38 2.78 .88 -1.45 -4.45 -8.66
18.0 9.79 8.79 7.69 6.45 5.04 3.41 1.48 -.88 -3.92 -8.17
19.0 10.51 9.49 8.37 7.11 5.68 4.02 ;>.06 -.33 -3.41 -7.71

20.0 11.20 10.17 9.03 7.75 6.29 4.61 ?63 .20 -;>.91 -7.25
21.0 11.88 10.83 9.67 8.37 6.89 5019 3.18 .73 -;>.42 -6.81
22.0 12.53 11.47 10.29 8.97 7.47 5.75 3.71 1.23 -1.95 -&.38
23.0 13.16 12.08 10.89 9.55 8.04 6.29 4.23 1.72 -1.49 -5.96
24.0 13.78 12.69 11.48 10.12 8.59 6.82 4.74 2.20 -1.04 -5.55
25.0 14.38 13.27 12.04 10.67 9.12 7.34 5.23 2.67 -.60 -5.15

26.0 14.97 13.84 12.60 11.21 9.64 7.84 5.71 3.12 -.18 -4.76
28.0 16.09 14,94 13.66 12.25 10.64 8.RO n.63 4.00 .64 -4.01

30.0 17015 15.98 14.68 13.23 11.60 9.72 7.51 4.B4 1.42 -3.30
32.0 18.17 16.97 15.64 14017 12.50 10.59 8.35 5:63 ;>.17 -2.61
34.0 19.13 17.91 16.56 15.06 13.37 11.43 9015 6.39 ;>.8'l -1.95
36.0 20.05 18.81 17.44 1'5.92 14.20 12. ?3 9.92 7.12 3.57 -1.33
38.0 20.94 19.67 18.28 16.74 14.99 13.00 10.65 7.82 4.23 -.72
40.0 21.78 20.50 19.09 17.52 15.75 13.73 11.36 R.50 4.86 - .14
42.0 22.60 21.30 19.87 18.27 16.49 14.44 12.04 'l.14 5.47 .42
44.0 23.38 22.06 20.61 19.00 17.19 15.12 12.69 'l.77 n.06 .'l6
46.0 24.1'3 22.80 21.33 19.70 17.87 15.77 13.32 10.37 6.62 1.48
48.0 ;>4.85 23.50 22.02 20.37 11'\.52 16.40 13.93 10.'l5 7.17 I.'l'l

50.0 25.55 24019 22.69 21.02 l'lol5 17 .01 14.52 11.51 7.70 ?47
52.0 26.23 24.85 23.33 21.65 19.76 17.60 15.08 1;>.05 1'.21 ;>.95
54.0 26.88 25.48 23.95 2;>.26 20.35 18.18 1<;.63 1;>.57 1'\.70 3.40
56.0 ;>7.51 26.10 24.56 22.84 20.92 18.73 In.17 13.08 'l.18 1.85
58.0 ;>8012 26.70 25014 23.41 21.48 1'l.26 16.68 11.57 9.65 4.28
60.0 28.71 27.28 25.71 23.97 22.01 1'l.78 17.18 14.05 10.10 4.70
62.0 29.28 27.84 26.26 24.50 22.53 20.29 17 .67 14.52 10.54 5010
64.0 2'l.84 28.39 26.7'l 25.02 23.04 20.78 11>.14 14.'l7 H.'l7 5.50
66.0 30.38 28.92 27.31 25.53 23.53 21.25 1'1.60 15.41 11.38 5.8'l
68.0 30.91 29.43 27.81 26.02 24.01 21.72 1'l.05 15.83 11.79 6.26

VII. 1973
 (
TABLE 4.22 - 8

Factors 10 3 cp . and cpv

II.
Facteurs Lv (tw ) et Lv (tw ) (
tw 10· cp Iw 10· cp ~
~
°0 Lv(Iw) Lv(lw) °0 Lv (t w ) Lv (tw )
(
-50 .38143 .000702 0 .40186 .000740
-49 .38192 .000703 1 .40224 .000740
-48 .38240 .000704 2 .40262 .000741
-47
-46
.38288
.38335
.000705
.000706
3
4
.40300
.40338
.000742
.000743 (
-45 .38382 .000707 5 .40376 .000743
-44 .38428 .000707 6 .40414 .000744
-43 .38474 .000708 7 .40452 .000745
-42 .38520 .000109 8 .40490 .000745 (
-41 .38565 .000710 9 .40528 .000746

10 .40567 .000747
-40
-39
.38609
~38653
.000711
.000712 11 .40605 .000747 (
-38 .38697 .000712 12 .40644 .000148
-31 .38740 .000713 13 .40683 .000749
-36 .38782 .000714 14 .40122 .000150
-35 .38825 .0.00715 15 .40161
.40801
.000150
.000751
(
-34 .38861 .000715 16
-33 .38908 .000716 17 .40841 .000152
-32 .38949 .000717 18 .40881 .000753
-31 .38990 .000718 19 .40922 .000153
(
-30 .39031 .000718 20 .40962 .000154
-29 .39071 .000719 21 .41001 .000155
-28
-21
.3911 0
.39150
.000120
.000721
22
23
.41041
.41080
.000155
.000756
(
-26 .39189 .000721 24 .41119 .000157
-25 .39228 .000722 25 .41158 .000758
-24 .39261 .000123 26 .41198 .000158
-23 .39306 .000124 21 .41238 .000759 (
-22 .39344 .000124 28 .41218 .000760
-21 .39383 .000725 29 .41318 .000161

-20 .39421 .000726 30 .41358 .000761 (

-19 .39460 .000726 31 .41398 .000762
-18 .39498 .000727 32 .41438 .000763
-11 .39531 .000128 33 .41478 .000164
-16 .39576 .000129 34 .41518 .000764 (
-15 .39615 .000729 35 .41558 .000765
-11+ .39653 .000730 36 .41600 .000766'
-13 .39692 .000731 31 .41641 .000761
-12 .39130 .000131 38 .41683 .000767
-11 .39768 .000132 39 .41725 .000168 (
-10 .39807 .000733 40 .41761 .000769
-9
-8
.39845
.39883
.000733
.000734
41
42
.41808
.41848
.000770
.000710
(
-1 .39921 .000735 43 .41889 .000171
-6 .39959 .000736 44 .41930 .000772
-5 .39991 .000136 45 .41971 .000773
-4 .40035 .000737 46 .42013 .000773 (
-3 .40013 .000738 47 .42056 .000714
-2 .40111 .000738 48 .42099 .000775
-1 .40149 .000739 49 .42142 .000776
(
·50 .42186 .000777
VII.1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 9

Table 4.22.2.2 Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature asa function of

mixing ratio and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
Temperature thermodynamique du thermometre mouille
en fonction du rapport de melange et de la temperature
pour la pression de 1 000 mb

t w : thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre

mouille
t : temperature - temperature
Table gives values of t - tw - la table donne les valeurs de t - t w

Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg- 1

0 2 3 4 5 6 8
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0

-10 3.4 1.5

-8 3.9 2.0 .2
-6 4.4 2.5 .8
-4 4.9 301 1.4
-2 5.5 3.7 2.1 .5

0 6.1 10.4 2.8 1.2

2 6.7 5.1 3.5 2.0 .6
4 7.4 5.8 4.3 2.9 1.5 .2
6 8.2 6.6 5.2 3.8 2.4 1.1
8 8.9 7.4 6.0 4.7 3.3 201 .9

10 9.7 8.3 6.9 5.6 4.3 3.1 1.9 .8

12 10.6 902 7.8 6.6 5.3 4.2 3.0 1.9 .9
14 11.5 1001 8.8 7.6 6.4 5.2 4.1 3.1 2.1 101
16 12.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 6.:3 5.3 4.2 3.2 2.3
If! 13.3 12.0 10.8 9.7 8.5 7.5 6.4 5.4 4.5 3.5

20 14.3 13.1 11.9 10.7 9.7 8.6 7.6 6.6 5.7 4.8
22 15.3 14.1 13.0- 11.9 10.8 9.8 B.B 7.9 6.9 6.1
24 16.3 15.2 14.1 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.1 8.2 7.4
26 17.10 16.3 15.2 14.2 13.2 12.2 11.3 10.4 9.5 8.7
2B 18.5 17.4 16.10 15.3 14.4 13.4 12.5 11.7 10.B 10.0

30 19.6 18.6 17.5 16.6 15.6 14.7 13.8 13.0 12.1 11.3
32 20.8 19.7 18.7 17.8 16.9 16.0 15.1 14.3 13.5 12.7
34 21.9 20.9 20.0 19.0 18.1 17.3 16.4 15.6 14.8 14.1
36 2301 22.2 21.2 20.3 19.4 18.6 17.8 17.0 16.2 15.5
38 24.3 23.4 22.5 21.6 20.7 19.9 1901 IB.4 17.6 16.9

40 25.6 24.7 23.8 22.9 2201 21.3 20.5 19.7 19.0 18.3

VIL1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 10
(

Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg-1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 (
°C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C

16 1.4 .5
18 2.6 1.8 .9 .1 (
20 3.9 3.1 2.3 1.5 .7
22 5.2 4.4 3.6 2.8 2.1 1.4 .7
24 6.5 5.7 5.0 4.2 3.5 2.8 e.I 1.4 .A .1 {
26 7.9 7.1 6.3 5.6 4.9 4.2 3.5 2.9 e.2 1.6
28 9.2 8.4 7.7 7.0 6.3 5.6 5.0 4.3 3.·7 3.1

30 10.6 9.8 9.1 8.4 7.7 7.1 6.4 5.8 5.2 4.6 (
32 12.0 11.2 10.5 9.8 9.2 8.5 7.9 7.3 6.7 6.1
34 13.4 12.6 12.0 11.3 10.6 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.2 7.6
36 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.9 10.3 9.7 9.1
38 16.2 15.5 14.8 14.2 13.6 13.0 12.4 11.8 11.2 10.7 (
40 17.6 17.0 16.3 15.7 15.1 14.5 13.9 13.3 12.R 12.2

(
Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg-1
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
°C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C °0
(
26 1.0 .4
28 2.5 1.9 1.4 .8 .3
(
30 4.0 3.4 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.3 .8 .3
32 5.5 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.0
34 7.1 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.6
36
38
8.6
10.1
8.1
9.6
7.5
9.1
7.0
8.6
6.5
8.1
6.0
7.6
5.6
7.2
5.1
6.7
4.6
6.3
4.2
5.8
(

loO 11.7 11.2 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.2 8.8 8.3 7.9 7.4
(

Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg-1

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 (
°C °0 °C °C °0 °C °C °C °C °C °0

32 0.0 0.0
34 .5 .1 (
36 2.1 1.7 1.3 .9 .5 .1
38 3.8 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.3 .9 .6 .2

loO 7.0 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.5 (

(
VIL1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 11

Table 4.22.3- Thermodynamic dew-point temperature as a function of

thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature and temperature for
a pressure of 1 000 mb
Temperature thermodynamique du point de rosee en fonction
de la temperature thermodynamique du thermometre mouille
et de la temperature pour la pression de 1 000 mb

tw : thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre

mouille
t : temperature - temperature

t-tw,OC
t 1 2 3 4 5 7 10
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0

-25 -45.1
-24 -40.5
-23 -37.1
-Z2 -34.3
-21 -31.9

-20 -29.8
-19 -27.8
-18 -26.0
-17 -24.3 -45.5
-16 -22.7 -38.3
-15 -21.2 -33.8
-14 -19.8 -30.3
-13 -18.4 -27.4
-12 -17 .0 -25.0
,.11 -15.7 -22.8 -40.8

-10 -14.4 -20.8 -33.9

-9 -13.1 -18.9 -29.4
-8 -11.9 -17 .2 -26.0
;"7 -10.7 -15.6 -23.1 -45.6
-6 -9.5 -14.0 -20.6 -34.8
-5 -8.3 -12.5 -18.4 -29.1
-4 -7.1 -11.1 -16.4 -25.1
-3 -6.0 -9.7 -14.5 -21.8 -41.2
-2 -4.9 -8.3 -12.7 -19.1 -31.7
-1 -3.7 -7.0 -1l.1 -16.7 -26.3

0 -2.6 -5.7 -9.5 -14.5 -22.3 -47.6

1 -1.5 -4.4 -8.0 -12.5 -19.1 -32.8
2 -.4 -3.2 -6.5 -10.7 -16.4 -26.3
3 .7 -2.0 -5.1 -8.9 -14.0 -21.9 -48.1
4 1.8 -.8 -3.7 -7.3 -1l.8 -18.4 -31.8
5 2.8 .4 -2.4 -5.7 -9.8 -15.4 -25.1
6 3.9 1.6 -1.1 -4.2 -7.9 -12.9 -20.5 -41.4
7 5.0 2.7 .2 -2.7 -6.2 -10.6 -16.9 -28.9
8 6.0 3.9 1.5 -1.3 -4.5 -8.5 -13.9 -22.7
9 7.1 5.0 2.7 .1 -2.9 -6.6 -11.3 -18.3 -33.9

VII.1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 12 (
t - t Wl °0
2 4 5 7 10 (
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

10 8.2 601 3.9 1.4 -1.4 -4.8 -9-.0 -14.9 -25.0

11 9.2 7.3 5.1 2.8 .1 -3.1 -6.9 -12.0 -19.6 -41.2
12 10.2 8.4 6.3 4.0 1.5 -1.4 -5.0 -9.4 -15.7 -27.3
13 11.3 9.5 7.5 5.3 2.9 .1 -3.1 -7.1 -12.4 -20.B
14 12.3 10.5 8.6 6.5 4.2 1.6 -1.4 -5.0 -9.6 -16.3
1.5 13.4 11.6 9.8 7.8 5.6 3.1 .3 -3.0 -7.2 -12.7
16
17
14.4
15.4
12.7
13.8
10.9
12.0
9.0
10.2
6.8
8.1
4.5
5.9
1.8
3.4
-1.2
.5
-4.9
-2.9
-9.7
-7.1
(
18 16.5 14.9 13.1 11.3 9.4 7.2 4.8 2.2 -1.0 -4.7
19 17 .5 15.9 14.3 12.5 10.6 8.5 6.3 3.7' .8 -2.6

20 18.5 17.0 15.4

(
13.6 11.8 9.B 7.7 5.3 2.b -.6
21 19.6 18.0 16.5 1".8 13.0 11.1 9.0 6.7 4.2 1.3
22 20.6 19.1 17.5 15.9 14.2 12.3 10.3 8.2 'i.A 3.0
23 21.6 20.1 18.6 17 .0 15.3 13.5 11.6 9.5 7.3 4.7
24 22.6 21.2 19.7 18.1 16.5 14.8 12.9 10.9 8.7 6.3 (
25 23.6 22.2 20.8 19.2 11.6 15.9 14.2 12.2 10.1 7.9
26 24.7 23.3 21.8 20.3 18.8 17.1 15.4 13.5 11.5 9.4
27 25.7 24.3 22.9 21.4 19.9 18.3 16.6 14.S 12.9 10.8
28 26.7 25.3 24.0 22.5 21.0 19.4 17.8 16.1 14.2 12.2
29 27.7 26.4 25.0 23.6 2201 20.6 19.0 17.3 15.5 13.6 (
30 2S.7 27.4 2601 24.7 23.2 21.7 20.2 IS.5 16.8 14.9
29.7
31
32 30.S
2S.4
29.5
2701
2S.2
25.7
26.S
24.3
25.4
22.S
24.0
21.3
22.5
19.7
20.9
18.,0
19.3
16.2
17 .5
(
33 3I.S 30.5 29.2 27.9 26.5 2501 23." 22.1 20.5 IS.S
34 32.8 31.5 30.2 28.9 27.6 26.2 24.7 23.2 21.7 20.0
35 33.8 32.5 31.3 30.0 2S.6 27.3 25.9 24.4 22.9 21.3
36
37
34.S
35.S
33.6
34.6
32.3
33.3
31.0
3201
29.7
30.8
2S.4
29.5
27.0
2S.1
25.5
26.7
24.0
25.2
22.5
23.7
(
3S 36.S 35.6 34.4 33.1 31.8 30.5 29.2 27.S 26.4 24.9
39 37.S 36.6 35.4 34.2 32.9 31.6 30.3 2S.9 27.5 26.0

40 38.8 37.6 36.4 35.2 34.0 32.7 31.4 30.0 28.6 27.2
(
41 39.S 3S.7 37.5 36.3 35.0 33.7 32.4 .3101 29.8 2S.3
42 40.S 39.7 3S.5 37.3 3601 34.S 33.5 32.2 30.9 29.5
43 41.9 40.7 39.5 38.3 37.1 35.9 34.6 33.3 32.0 30.6
,44 42.9 41.7 40.5 39.4 38.1 36.9 35.7 34.4 33.1 31.7 (
45 43.9 42.7 41.6 40.4 39.2 3S.0 36.7 35.5 34.2 32.9
46 44.9 43.7 42.6 41.4 40.2 39.0 37.8 36.6 35.3 34.0
47 45.9 44.7 43.6 42.4 41.3 40.1 38.9 37.6 36.4 35.1
48 46.9 45.S 44.6 43.5 42.3 41.1 39.9 38.7 37.4 36.2
49 47.9 46.S 45.6 44.5 43.3 42.2 41.0 39.8 38.5 37.3 (

50 48.9 47.S 46.7 45.5 44.4 43.2 42.0 40.8 39.6 38.4
(

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.22 - 13

t - l w ) °C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0
14 -29.5
15 -21.7
16 -16.6 -31.5
17 -12.8 -22.3
18 -9.6 -16.8 -32.8
19 -6.8 -12.6 -22.5

20 -4.4 -9.3 -16.6 -33.3

21 -2.2 -6.5 -12.3 -22.2
22 -.1 -3.9 -8.9 -16.1 -32.6
23 1.8 -1.6 -5.9 -11.8 -21.5
24 3.6 .5 -3.3 -8.2 -15.4 -31.1
25 5.3 2.4 -1.0 -5.3 -11.0 -20.4
26 6.9 4.2 Id -2.6 -7.5 -14.4 -28.8
27 8.5 6.0 3.1 -.3 -4.5 -10.1 -19.0
28 10.0 7.6 5.0 1.9 -1.8 -6.5 -13.2 -26.2
29 11.5 9.2 6.7 3.9 .5 -3.6 -9.0 -17.4 -47.5

30 12.9 10.8 8.4 5.7 2.7 -.9 -5.5 -ll.9 -23.4

31 14.3 12.3 10.0 7.5 4.7 1.4 -2.6 -7.8 -15.6 -35.9
32 15.7 13.7 !l.6 9.2 6.6 3.6 .1 -4.4 -10.4 -20.7
33 17.0 15.1 13.1 10.8 8.4 5.6 2.4 -1.5 -6.4 -13.7
34 18.3 16.5 14.5 12.4 10.1 7.5 4.6 1.1 -3.1 -8.8
35 1'l.6 17.8 15.'l 13.9 11.7 9.3 6.6 3.4 -.3 -5.0
36 20.9 19.1 17.3 15.4 13.3 !l.0 8.5 5.6 2.2 -1.8
37 22.1 20.4 18.7 16.8 14.8 12.6 10.2 7.6 4.5 .9
38 23.3 21.7 20.0 18.2 16.3 14.2 11.9 9.5 1'>.6 3.4
39 24.5 22.9 21.3 19.5 17.7 15.7 13.6 11.2 8.6 5.7

40 25.7 24.2 22.6 20.9 19.1 17.2 15. I 12.9 10.5 7.8
41 26.9 25.4 23.8 22.2 20.4 18.6 16.7 14.6 12.3 9.7
42 28.1 26.6 2501 23.5 21.8 20.0 18.1 16.1 13.9 11.6
43 29.2 27.8 26.3 24.7 23.1 21.4 19.6 17.6 15.6 13.3
44 30.4 28.9 27.5 26.0 24.4 22.7 21.0 19.1 17. I 15.0
45 31.5 30,J 28.7 27.2 25.6 24.0 22.3 20.5 18.6 16.6
46 32.6 31.3 29.9 28.4 26.9 25.3 23.7 21.9 20.1 18.2
47 33.8 32.4 31.0 29.6 28 d 26.6 25.0 23.3 21.5 19.7
48 34.9 33.5 32.2 30.8 29.3 27.8 26.3 24.6 22.9 21.1
49 36.0 34.7 33.3 31.9 30.5 29.1 27.5 25.9 24.3 22.5

50 37.1 35.8 34.5 33.1 31.7 30.3 28.8 27.2 25.6 23.'l

t-lw,OC
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0
33 -29.3
34 -18.0
35 -11.7 -24.4
36 -7.2 -15.3 -38.9
37 -3.6 -9.7 -20.3
38 -.5 -5.5 -12.8 -28.6
39 2.2 -2.1 -7.7 -16.8

40 4.6 .9 -3.8 -10.4 -22.5

41 6.8 3.5 -.5 -5.8 -13.7 -33.5
42 tl.9 5.9 2.3 -2.1 -8.1 -17.9
43 10.8 8.1 4.8 1.0 -3.9 -10.8 -24.4
44 12.7 1001 7.2 3.8 -.4 -5.8 -14.1 -38.8
45 14.4 12.0 9.3 6.2 2.6 -2.0 -8.1 -18.6
46 16.1 13.8 11.3 8.5 5.2 1.3 -1.7 -10.8 -25.5
Ii7 17.7 15.5 13.2 10.5 7.6 4.1 -.1 -5.6 -14.2 -43.4
48 19.2 17.2 14.9 12.5 9.8 6.7 3.11 -1.6 -7.9 -18.7
49 20.7 18.7 16.6 14.3 11.8 9.0 5.7 1.7 -3.3 -10.6

50 22.2 20.3 18.3 16.1 13.7 11. I 8.1 4.6 .4 -5.2

 - ---- -----------------------------------

TABLE 4.23 1

Table 4.23.1.1 Factors for computing nuxmg ratio as a function of

thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature, temperature and
pressure
Facteurs pour le calcul du rapport de melange en fonction
de la temperature thermodynamique du thermometre
rec(Juvert de glace, de la temperature et de la pression

t1 : thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre

recouvert de glace
t : temperature - temperature

Factor A' - facteur A'

t, t-t"OO
°0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

·100 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-95 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-90 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-85 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-80 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-75 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-70 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-65 .00007 .00013 .00020 .000'26 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-60 .00001 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-55 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 _.00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065

-50 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-45 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-40 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-35 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-30 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00019 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-25 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .000:39 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-20 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-15 .00007 .0.0013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-10 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065
-5 .00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065

.00007 .00013 .00020 .00026 .00033 .00039 .00046 .00052 .00059 .00065

t, t-th °0
°0 2 4 6 7 10 11

-60 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00584 .00648 .00712
-55 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00648 .00712

-50 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00648 .00712
-45 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00647 .00712
-40 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00647 .00712
-35 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .0051Q .00583 .00647 .00712
-30 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00647 .00712
-25 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .0051Q .00583 .00647 .00712
-20 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00648 .00712
-15 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00583 .00648 .00712
-10 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .004'14 .0051Q .00584 .00648 .00712
-5 .00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .00454 .00519 .00584 .00648 .00712

.00130 .00195 .00260 .00325 .00390 .004~5 .00519 .00584 .00648 .00713
 (
TABLE 4.23 - 2

Factor B' - facteuT B'

11
°0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
1-1.. °0
0.• 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
f
-100 .03559 .07118 .10676 014233 .17791 .21347 .24904 .28459 .32015 .35570
-95
-90
.03555
.03554
.07109
.071 07
.10663
.10660
.14216
.14212
.17769
.17764
.213;;>2
.21316
.24874
.24867
.28425
.28417
.31976
.31967
.35527
.35517
(
-85 .03552 .071 03 .10653 .14204 .17753 .21303 .24851 .28400 .31948 .35495
-80 .03549 .07098 .10646 .14193 .17740 .21287 .24833 .28379 .31924 .35469
-75 .03547 .07093 .10639 .14185 .17730 .21274 .24819 .28362 .31905 .35448
.17722 .21265 .24808 .28350 .31892 .35433
-70
-65
-60
.03545
.03544
.03543
.07090
.07088
.07085
.10635
.10631
.10627
.14179
.14173
.14168
.17716
.17709
.21257
.21250
.24799
.24790
.28339
.28329
.31880
.31868
.35420
.35407
f
-55 .03542 .07083 .10623 .14163 .17703 .21242 .24781 .28319 .31857 .35394

-50
-45
.03541
.03540
.07081
.07080
.10620
.10619
.14160
.14158
.17698
.17696
.21237
.21234
.24775
.24772
.28312
.28309
.31849
.31845
.35385
.35381
(
-40 .03540 .07080 .10619 .14158 .17696 .21234 .24771 .28308 .31844 .35380
-35 .03540 .07080 .10619 .14158 .17696 .21234 .24771 .28308 .31845 .35381
-30 .03540 .07080 .10619 014158 .17696 .21234 .24771 .28308 .31844 .35380
-25 .03540 .07080 .10619 .14158 .17696 .21234 .24771 .28308 .31845 .35381
-20 .03541 .07081 .10620 .14160 .17698 .21237 .24775 .28312 .31849 .35385 {
-15 .03542 .07083 .10624 .14164 017704 .21243 .24782 .28320 .31858 .35396
-10 .03543 .07085 .10627 .14168 .17709 .21250 .24790 .28329 .31868 .35407
-.5 .03543 .0708~ .10628 .14169 ;17711 .21251 .24792 .28332 .31871 .35410

.03545 .07090 .10635 .14179 .17722 .21265 ,24808 .28350 .31892 .35433 (

(
11 t-ti,OC
°0 4 8 10 11

-60
-55
.70767
.70743
1.06082
1.06045
1.41350
1.41301
1.76573
1.76512
2011750
2011677
2.46881
2.46796
2.81967
2.81870
3.17007
3.16898
3.52002
1.51881
3.86951
3.86818
(
-50 .70725 1.06018 1.41266 1.76467 2011623 2.46734 2.81799 3.16818 3.51792 3.86721
-45 .70716 1.06005 1.41249 1.76446 2.11598 2.46704 2.81765 3.16780 3.51750 3.86674
-40 .70715 1.06003 1.41246 1.76443 2.11594 2.46699 2.81759 3.16774 1.51743 3.86667 {
-35 .70116 1.06004 1.41247 1.76444 2011596 2.46702 2.81762 3.16777 3.51746 3.86670
-30 .70115 1.06003 1.41246 1.76443 2.11594 2.46699 2.81759 3.16774 3.51743 3.86667
-25 .70116 1.06004 1.41247 1.76444 2011596 2.46702 2.81762 3.16777 3.51746 3.86671
-20 .70725 1.0601e 1.41266 1.76467 2011623 2.46734 2.81799 3.16818 3.5179;> 3.86721
-15
-10
.70746
.70767
1.06050
1.06082
1.41307
1.41350
1.76520
1.76573
2.11686
2.11750
2.46807
2.46881
2.81882
2.81967
3.16911
3.17007
3.51896
3.52002
3.86835
3.86951
(
-5 .70774 1.06091 1.41363 1.76589 2.11769 2.46904 2.81992 1.17036 3.52034 3.86986

.70820 1.06160 1.41455 1.76703 2011906 2.47063 2.8217'> 3.17240 3.52261 3.87236
(

(
VII. 1973
 TABLE 4.23 - 3

Table 4.23.1.2 Mixing ratio as a function of thermodynamic ice-bulb

temperature and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
Rapport de melange en fonction de la temperature ther-
modynamique du thermometre recouvert de glace et de la
temperature pour la pression de 1 000 mb

t) : thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature - temperatuTe theTmodynamique du theTmometTe

TecouveTt de glace
t: temperature - tempeTatuTe

t-tt, °0
'0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg- 1 gkg-l g kg-I g kg-1 g kg- I g kg- I g kg-I gkg-I g kg-I

-40 .08024 .04394 .00764

-38 .10043 .06391 .02740
-36 .12521 .OB844 .05169 .01495
-34 .15554 .11846 .08141 ,04438 .00136
-32 .19252 .1550e .11767 .08028 .04291 .00551

-30 .2374 7 .19959 .16175 .12393 .08614 .04837 .01064

-28 .29191 .25352 .21516 .11683 .13853 .10027 .06204 .02384
-26 .35765 .31864 .27967 .24073 .20183 .16298 .12415 .08537 .04662 .00191
-24 .43677 .39703 .35733 .31768 .27807 .23851 .19A99 .15951 012001 .08068 .04133
-22 .53171 .49111 .45056 .41006 .36961 .32921 .28886 .24857 .20832 .16812 .12196

-20 .64531 .60369 .56213 .52063 ,47919 .437Al .39649 .35522 .31401 .27286 .23176
-18 .78083 .73801 .69527 .65260 .60999 .56745 .52498 .48258 .44024 .39797 .35577
-16 ,94204 .89783 .85370 .80965 .76568 .72119 .67791 .63424 .59058 .54700 .50349
-14 1.13329 1.08745 1.04170 .99605 .95048 .90501 .85962 .81433 .76913 .72401 .67898
-12 1.35959 1.31184 1.26421 1.21668 1.16926 1.12194 1,07473 1.02762 .98061 .93371 ,88690

-10 1.62664 1.57669 1.52686 1.41116 1.42757 1.37811 1.32818 1.27956 1.23046 1.1814.1 1.13-261
-8 1.94099 1.88849 1.83612 1.78390 1.73181 1.67987 1.62801 1.57640 1.52487 1.47348 1.42222
-6 2.31015 2.25468 2.19938 2.14424 2.08927 2.03445 1.97979 1.92529 1.87095 1.81677 1.76274
-4 2.74266 2.68378 2.62508 2.56657 2.50825 2.45012 2.39216 2.33439 2.21680 2.21940 2,16211
-2 3.24830 3018547 3.12286 3.06046 2.99828 2.93631 2.87455 2.81300 2.15167 2.69053 ?62961

3.83829 3.77089 3.70375 3.63686 3.57022 3.50382 3.43167 3.37176 3.30609 3.24066 3.17541

t t - t l l QC
'0 4 8 10 11
gkg-I gkg-I g kg-1 gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I gkg-I

-16 .07249
-14 .23340
-12 .42431

-10 .65022 .17866

-8 .'H684 .42396
-6 1.23075 .71313 .20890
-4 1.59941 1.05318 .52235 .00589
-2 2.03134 1.45207 .89052 .34547

0 2.53622 1.91886 1.32186 .74383 .18341

2 3.12509 2.46382 1.82599 1.20997 .61424 .03742
4 2.41374 1.75401 1.11761 .50291
6 1.70425 1.04606 .41106
8 .99660 .33993

10 .29079

VIL1973
 TABLE 4.23 - 4

Table 4.23.2.1 Factors for computing thermodynamic ice-bulb tem-

perature as a function of mixing ratio, temperature and
pressure
Facteurs pour le calcul de la temperature thermodyna-
mique du thermometre recouvert de glace en fonction du
rapport de melange, de la temperature et de la pression

I. Thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature as a function of factor F i and pressure -

temperature thermodynamique du thermometre recouvert de glace en fonction dufacteuT F i
et de la pres.sion
Pressure - pression, mb
Fi 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

-25.0 -70.51 -70.51 -70.51 -70.51 -70.51 -70.'51 -70.51 -70.51 -70.51 -10.51
-24.5 -69.11 -69011 -69.11 -69.11 -69011 -69011 -69.11 -69011 -6q .11 -69.11
-24.0 -67.71 -67.71 -67.71 -67.71 -67.71 -67.71 -61.71 -67.71 -67.72 -61.72
-23.5 -66.31 -66.31 -66.31 -66.31 -66.31 -66.31 -66.31 -66.32 -66.32 -66.32
-23.0 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.91 -64.92 -64.92
-22.5 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.51 -63.52
-22.0 -62.10 -62.10 -62011 -62.11 -62011 -62.11 -6;>.11 -62;11 -62.11 -62.11
-21.5 -60.70 -60.70 -60.70 -60.70 -60.70 -60.70 -60.71 -60.71 -60.71 -60.71
-21.0 -59.29 -59.30 -59.30 -59.30 -59.30 -59.30 -59.30 -59.30 -59.31 -59.31
-20.5 -57.89 -57.89 -57.90 -57.90 -57.90 -57.90 -57.90 -57.90 -51.91 -57.91

-20.0 -56.49 -56.49 -56.49 -56.50 -56.50 -56.50 -56.50 -56.51 -56.51 -56.51
-19.5 -55.09 -55.09 -55.09 -55.10 -55.10 -55.10 -5'\.10 -55.11 -55011 -55012
-19.0 -53.69 -53.69 -53.69 -53.70 -53.70 -53.70 -53.71 -53.71 -53.11 -53.72
-18.5 -52.29 -52.29 -52.30 -52.30 -52.30 -52.31 -52.31 -5?31 -5?32 -52.33
-18.0 -50.89 -50.89 -50.90 -50.90 -50.91 -50.91 -50.92 -50.92 -50.93 -50.94
-17.5 -49.49 -49.50 -49.50 -49.51 -49.51 -49,52 -49.52 -49.53 -4Q.54 -49.55
-17.0 -48.10 -48.10 -48.11 -48.11 -48012 -48.12 -48013 -48.14 -48.15 -48.16
-16.5 -46.70 -46.71 -46.71 -46.72 -46.73 -46.73 -46.74 -46.75 -46.16 -46.78
-16.0 -45.31 -45.32 -45.32 -45.33 -45.34 -45.35 -4'5.36 -45.37 -45.38 -45.40
-15.5 -43.92 -43.93 -43.93 -43.94 -43.95 -43.96 -43.97 -43.99 -44.00 -44.02

-15.0 -42.53 -42.54 -42.55 -42.56 -42.57 -42.58 -42.59 -42.61 -42.63 -42.65
-14.5 -410 15 -41016 -41.17 -41018 -41.19 -41.20 -41.22 -41.24 -41.26 -41.28
-14.0 -39.77 -39.78 -39.79 -39.80 -39.82 -39.83 -39.85 -39.87 -39.90 -39.92
-13.5 -38.39 -38.40 -38.42 -38.43 -38.45 -38.47 -3R.49 -38.51 -38.54 -38.57
-13.0 -37.02 -37.04 -37.05 -37.07 -37.09 -37.11 -31014 -37.16 -31.20 -37.23
-12.5 -35.66 -35.67 -35.69 -35.71 -35.74 -35.76 -35.79 -35.R2 -35.86 -35.90
-12.0 -34.30 -34.32 -34.34 -34.36 -34.39 -34.42 -34.45 -34.49 -34.53 -34.58
-11.5 -32.95 -32.97 -33.00 -33.02 -33.05 -33.09 -33.13 -33017 -33.22 -33.27
-11.0 -31.61 -31.64 -31.66 -31.69 -31.73 -31.77 -31.81 -31.86 -31.91 -31.98
-10.5 -30.28 -30.31 -30.34 -30.37 -30.41 -30.46 -30.51 -30.56 -30.62 -30.70

-10.0 -28.96 -28.99 -29.03 -29.07 -29011 -29.16 -29.21 -29.28 -29.35 -29.43
-9.5 -27.65 -27.68 -27.73 -27.77 -27.82 -27.88 -27.94 -28.01 -28.09 -28018
-9.0' -26.35 -26.39 -26.44 -26.49 -26.54 -26.61 -26.68 -26.76 -26.85 -26.95
-8.5 -25.06 -25.11 -25.16 -25.22 -25.28 -25.35 -25.43 -25.52 -25.62 -25.73
-8.0 -23~79 -23.85 -23.91 -23.97 -24.04 -24.12 -24.21 -24.30 -24.41 -24.54
-7.5 -22.54 -22.60 -22.66 -22.73 -22.81 -22.90 -23.00 -23.11 -23.23 -23.37
-7.0 -21.30 -21.37 -21.44 -21.52 -21.60 -2.1.70 -21.81 -21.93 -2?06 -22.22
-6.'5 -20.08 -20.15 -20.23 -20.32 -20.42 -20.52 -20.64 -20.77 -20.92 -21.09
-6.0 -18.88 -18.96 -19.05 -19014 -19.25 -19.36 -19.49 -19.64 -IQ.80 -IQ.98
-5.5 -17.69 -17.78 -17.88 -17.98 -18010 -18.23 -111.37 -18.53 -IA.10 -18.90
 TABLE 4.23 - 5

Pressure - pression, rob

Fi 1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

-5.0 -16.53 -16.63 -16.73 -16.85 -16.98 -17 .11 -17.27 -17.44 -17 .63 -17.85
-4.5 -15.39 -15.49 -15.61 -15.73 -15.87 -16.02 -1".19 -11>.37 -16.58 -16.81
-4.0 -14.27 -14.38 -14.51 -14.64 -14.79 -14.96 -1'''.14 -15.33 -15.56 -15.81
-3.5 -13.17 -13.29 -13.43 -13.58 -13.74 -13.91 -14.11 -14.32 -14.56 -14.82
-3.0 -12.09 -12.23 -12.37 -12.53 -12.70 -12.89 -11.10 -13.33 -13.58 -13.67
-2.5 -11.04 -11.19 -11.34 -11.51 -11.70 -11.90 -12.12 -12.36 -12.63 -12.93
-2.0 -10.01 -10.17 -10.34 -10.52 -10.71 -10.93 -11.16 -11.42 -11.71 -12.03
-1.5 -9.01 -9.17 -9.35 -9.54 -9.75 -9.96 -10.23 -10.<;0 -10.61 -11.14
-1.0 -6 •. 03 -6.20 -8.39 -6.60 -8.82 -9.06 -Q.32 -9.61 -9.93 -10.2fl
-.5 -7.07 -7.26 -7.46 -7.67 -7.91 -8.16 -R.44 -fl.74 -9.08 -9.45

0.0 -6.14 -6.33 -6.54 -6.77 -7.02 -7.29 -7.58 -7.90 -8.25 -8.64
.5 -5.22 -5.43 -5.66 -5.90 -6.16 -6.44 -6.74 -7.07 -7.44 -7.85
1.0 -4.34 -4.56 -4.79 -5.04 -5.31 -5.61 -<;.93 -6.27 -6.66 -7.08
1.5 -3.47 -3.70 -3.95 -4.21 -4.50 -4.flO -<;.13 -5.<;0 -5.89 -6.33
2.0 -2.63 -2.87 -3.13 -3.40 -3.70 -4.02 -4.36 -4.74 -5.15 -5.61
2.5 -1.81 -2.06 -2.33 -2.62 -2.92 -3.25 -1.61 -4.00 -4.43 -4.90
3.0 -1.01 -1.27 -1.55 -1.85 -2.17 -2.51 -?88 -3.29 -3.73 -4.22
3.5 -.24 -.51 -.80 -1.10 -1.43 -1.79 -2.18 -2.59 -3.05 -::l.55
4.0 -.06 -.38 -.72 -1.09 -1.48 -1.92 -2.38 -2.90
4.5 -.03 -.40 -.81 -1.26 -1.74 -2.27

5.0 -.16 -.61 -1.11 -1.65

5.5 -.50 -1.05
6.0 -.47
-----------------------------------------------------j

TABLE 4.23 - 6

Pressure - pression, mb
Fi 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0

-25.0 -70.51 -70.52 -70.52 -70.52 -70.52 -70.<;2 -70.52 -70.53 -70.53 -70.55
-24.5 -69.12 -69012 -69012 -69.12 -69012 -69.12 -69013 -69.13 -69014 -69.16
-24.0 -67.72 -67.72 -67.72 -67.72 -67.72 -67.73 -67.73 -67.74 -67.75 -67.77
-23.5 -66.32 -66.32 -66.32 -66.32 -66.33 -66.33 -66.34 -66.34 -66.36 -66.38
-23.0 -64.92 -64.92 -64.92 -64.92 -64.93 -64.93 -64.94 -64.95 -64.96 -65.00
-22.5 -b3.52 -63.52 -63.52 -63.53 -63.53 -63.54 -63.54 -63.55 -61.57 -63.61
-22.0 -62012 -62.12 -62012 -62.13 -62013 -62.14 -6;>.15 -6;>.16 -62.18 -62.23
-21.5 -60.71 -60.72 -60.72 -60.73 -60.73 -60.74 -60.75 -60.77 -60.80 -60.85
-21.0 -59.31 -59.32 -59.32 -59.33 -59.33 -59.34 -59.36 -59.38 -59.41 -59.48
-20.5 -57.91 -57.92 -57.92 -57.93 -57.94 -57.95 -57.97 -57.99 -58.03 -58.11

-20.0 -56.52 -56.52 -56.53 -56.54 -56.55 -56.56 -5".58 -56.61 -56.66 -56.75
-19.5 -55012 -55.13 -55014 -55.15 -55.16 -55.17 -55.20 -55.23 -55.29 -5<;.40
-19.0 -53.73 -53.73 -53.74 -53.76 -53.77 -53.79 -5,.82 -53.86 -53.93 -54.06
-18.5 -52.33 -52.34 -52.35 -52.37 -52.39 .,.52.41 -5;>.44 -52.49 -5;>.57 -52.73
-18.0 -50.94 -50.96 -50.97 -50.99 -51.01 -51.04 -51.07 -51.13 -51.23 -51.41
-17.5 -49.56 -49.57 -49.59 -49.61 -49.63 -49.66 -49.71 -49.78 -49.89 -50011
-17 .0 -48017 -48019 -48.21 -48.23 -48.26 -48.30 -41'.35 -48.43 -48;56 -48.• 81
-16.5 -46.79 -46.81 -46.83 -46.86 -46.89 -46.94 -47.00 -47.10 -47.25 -47.54
-16.0 -45.41 -45.43 -45.46 -45.49 -45.53 -45.59 -45.66 -45.77 -45.95 -46.28
-15.5 -44.04 -44.06 -44010 -44.13 -44.18 -44.24 -44.33 -44.46 -44.66 -45.04

-15.0 -42.67 -42.70 -42.74 -42.78 -42.84 -42.91 -43.01 -43 db -43.39 -43.82
-14.5 -41.31 -41.35 -41.39 -41.44 -41.50 "41.59 -41.70 -41.87 -42.14 -42.63
-14.0 -39.96 -40.00 -40.04 -40.10 -40.18 -40.27 -40.41 '-40.60 -40.90 -41.46
-13.5 -38.61 -38.66 -38.71 -38.78 -38.87 -38.98 -39.13 -39.35 -39.69 -40.31
-13.0 -37.28 -37.33 -37.39 -37.47 -37.57 -37.69 -37.87 -3R.ll -38.50 -39019
-12.5 -35.95 -36.01 -36.08 -36017 -36.28 -36.43 -36.62 -3".90 -37.34 -38.10
-12.0 -34.64 -34.71 -34.79 -34.89 -35.02 -35.18 -35.40 -35.71 -36.20 -37.04
-11.5 -33.34 -33.42 -33.51 -33.62 -33.77 -33.95 -34.20 -34.55 -35.08 -36.01
-1l.0 -32.05 -32 .14 -32.24 -32.37 -32.53 -32.74 -33.02 -33.40 -33.99 -35.00
-10.5 -30.78 -30.88 -31.00 -31.14 -31.32 -31.55 -31.86 -32.29 -32.93 -34.03

-10.0 -29.52 -29.64 -29.77 -29.93 -30013 -30.39 -30.73 -31.20 -31.90 -33.08
-9.5 -28.29 -28.41 -28.56 -28.74 -28.96 -29.25 -29.62 -30.13 -30.90 -32017
-9.0 -27.07 -27.21 -27.37 -27.57 -27 .82 -28013 -2R.54 -29.10 -29.92 -31.28
-8.5 -25.87 -26.02 -26.20 -26.42 -26.69 -27.03 -27.48 -2/!.09 -28.97 -30.42
-8.0 -24.69 -24.86 -25.06 -25.30 -25.60 -25.97 -26.45 -27.10 -28.05 -29.59
-7.5 -23.53 -23.72 -23.94 -24.20 -24.52 -24.93 -25.45 -26.15 -27016 -28.79
-7.0 -22.39 -22.60 -22.84 -23013 -23.48 -23.91 -24.47 -25.22 -26.30 -28.01
-6.5 -21.28 -21.50 -21.77 -22.08 -22.46 -22.92 -23.52 -24.32 -25.46 -27.2b
-6.0 -20019 -20.44 -20.72 -21.05 -21.46 -21.96 -22.60 -23.45 -24.65 -26.53
-5.5 -19.13 -19.39 -19.70 -20.06 -20.49 -21.03 -21.71 -22.61 -23.87 -25.83
 TABLE 4.23 - 7

Pressure - pression, mb
Fi 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
°0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0

-5.0 -18.09 -18.37 -18.70 -19.09 -19.55 -20.12- -20.84 -21.79 -23.11 -25.14
-4.5 -17.08 -17.38 -17.73 -18.14 -18.64 -19.24 -20.00 -20.99 -22037 -24.49
-4.0 -16.09 -16.41 -16.78 -17 .22 -17.75 -18.38 -19.18 -20.22 -21.66 -23.85
-3.5 -15.12 -15.47 -15.86 -16.33 -16.88 -17 .55 -18.39 -19.47 -20.97 -23.23
-3.0 -14.19 -14.55 -14.97 -15.46 -16.04 -16.74 -17.62 -lB.75 -20.30 -22.63
-2.5 -13.27 -13.66 -14.10 -14.62 -15.23 -15.96 -1".88 -18.05 -19.65 -22.05
-2.0 -12.38 -12.79 -13.26 -13.80 -14.43 -15.20 -16.15 -17.37 -19.02 -21.49
-1.5 -11.52 -11.95 -12.44 -13.00 -13.67 -14.46 -1'>.45 -16.71 -111.41 -20.95
-1.0 -10.68 -11.13 -11.64 -12.23 -12.92 -13.75 -14.77 -1".07 -17 .82 -20.42
-.5 -9.86 -10.33 -10.86 -11.48 -12.20 -13.06 -14.11 -15.45 -17.25 -19.90

0.0 -9.07 -9.56 -10.11 -10.75 -11.49 -12.38 -11.47 -14.B5 -11,.69 -19.41
.5' -8.30 -8.80 -9.38 -10.04 -10.81 -11.73 -12.85 -14.26 -16015 -18.92
1.0 -7.55 -8.07 -8.67 -9.35 -10015 -11.09 -12.24 -13.69 -15.63 -18.45
1.5 -6.82 -7.36 -7.98 -8.68 -9.50 -10.48 -11.66 -13.14 -15.12 -17 .99
2.0 -6.11 -6.67 -7.31 -8.04 -8.88 -9.88 -11 .09 -1;>.61 -14.62 -17 .55
2.5 -5.42 -6.00 -6.66 -7.40 -B.27 -9.29 -10.53 -1;>.09 -14014 -17.11
3.0 -4.75 -5.35 -6.02 -6.79 -7.68 -8.73 -10.00 -11.58 -13.67 -16.69
3.5 -4.10 -4.72 -5.41 -6.20 -7011 -8.18 -9.47 -11.08 -13.21 -16.28
4.0 -3.47 -4.10 -4.81 -5.62 -6.55 -7.64 -R.96 -10."0 -12.77 -15.88
4.5 -2.85 -3.50 -4.23 -5.05 -6.00 -7.12 -8.46 -10.14 -12.33 -15.49

5.0 -2.25 -2.91 -3.66 -4.50 -5.47 -6.61 -7.98 -9.68 -11.91 -15.10
5.5 -1.67 -2.34 -3010 -3.97 -4.96 -6.12 -7.51 -9.24 -11.50 -14.73
6.0 -1.1 0 -1.79 -2.57 -3.44 -4.45 -5.63 -7.05 -8.80 -11.09 -14.37
6.5 -.54 -1.25 -2.04 -2.94 -3.96 -5.16 -6.60 -8.38 -10.70 -14.01
7.0 -.01 -.73 -1.53 -2.44 -3.49 -4.70 -h.16 -7.97 -10.32 -13.66
7.5 -.21 -1.03 -1.96 -3.02 -4.26 -5.74 -7.56 -9.94 -13.32
8.0 -.55 -1.49 -2.56 -3.82 -'>.32 -7.17 -9.58 -12.99
8.5 -.08 -1.03 -2012 -3.39 -4.91 -".79 -9.22 -12.67
9.0 -.58 -1.69 -2.98 -4.52 -6.41 -B.87 -12.35
9.5 -.14 -1.26 -2.57 -4.13 -6.04 -B.53 -12.04

10.0 -.85 -2.17 -1.75 -5.68 -8.19 -11.73

 TABLE 4.23 - 8

Factors 10 3 Cp and Cpv

n. FacteuTS L s (ti) et L s (ti)
tl 10' cp c po t, 10 3 cp c po
·0 L.(tl) L.(tl) ·0 L.(tl) L.(tl)

-80 .35492 .000653 -40 .35404 .000652

-79 .35488 .000653 -39 .35403 .000652
-78 .35484 .000653 -38 .35403 .000652
-77 .35480 .000653 -37 .35404 .000652
-76 .35477 .000653 -36 .35404 .000652
-75 .35473 .000653 -35 .35404 .000652
-74 .35469 .000653 -34 .35404 .000652
-73 .35466 .000653 -33 .35404 .000652
-72 .35462 .000653 -32 .35404 .000652
-71 .35459 .000653 -31 .35404 .000652

-70 .35456 .000653 -30 .35404 .000652

-69 .354,52 .000653 -29 .35404 .000652
-·68 .35449 .000653 -28 .35404 .000652
-67 .35445 .000652 -27 .35405 .000652
-66 .35442 .000652 -26 .35405 .000652
-65 .35439 .000652 -25 .35405 .000652
-64 .35436 .000652 -24 .35406 .000652
-63 .35434 .000652 -23 .35406 .000652
-62 .• 35432 .000652 -22 .35407 .000652
-61 .35431 .000652 -21 .35408 .000652

-60 .35430 .000652 -20 .35409 .000652

-59 .35427 .600652 -19 .35"'10 .000652
-58 .35425 .000652 -18 .35411 .000652
-57 .35423 .000652 -17 .35413 .000652
-56 .35421 .000652 -16 .35414 .000652
-55 .35419 .000652 -15 .35416 .000652
-54 .351+17 .000652 -14 .35419 .000652
-53 .35415 .000652 -13 .35421 .000652
-52 .35413 .000652 -12 .35424 .000652
-51 .35411 .000652 -11 .35427 .000652

-50 .35409 .000652 -10 .35430 .000652

-49 .35"'07 .000652 -9 .35433 .000652
-48 .35406 .000652 -8 .35436 .000652
-47 .35405 .000652 -7 .35439 .000652
-46 .35404 .000652 -6 .35443 .000652
-45 .35403 .000652 -5 .35446 .000652
-44 .35403 .000652 -4 .35450 .000653
-"'3 .35403 .000652 -3 .35454 .000653
-42 .35403 .000652 -2 .35458 .000653
-41 .35403 .000652 -1 .35463 .000653

0 .35456 .000653
 TABLE 4.23 - 9

Table 4.23.2.2 Thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature as a function of

mixing ratio and temperature for a pressure of 1 000 mb
Temperature thermodynamique du thermometre recouvert
de glace en fonction du rapport de melange et de la tem-
perature pour la pression de 1 000 mb
t1: thermodynamic ice-bulb temperature - temperature thermodynamique du thermometre
recouvert de glace
t: temperature - temperature
Table gives values of t - t1 - la table donne les valeurs de t - t1

Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg- 1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·C ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

-40 .22
-38 .28 .00
-36 .34 .07
-34 .42 .15
-32 .51 .25

-3.0 .63 .36 .10

-28 .76 .50 .24
-26 .92 .66 .40 .15
-24 1.11 .85 .60 .34 .09
-22 1.32 1.07 .82 .57 .32 .0R

-20 1.57 1.32 1.08 .83 .59 .3'> .11

-18 1.85 1.61 1.37 1.13 .90 .66 .42 .19
-16 2.17 1.94 1.70 1.47 1.24 1.01 .7R .55 .32 .10
-14 2.53 2.30 2.08 1.85 1.62 1.40 lolR .95 .73 .51
-12 2.94 2.71 2.49 2.27 2.05 1.83 1.62 1.40 1.19 .97

-10 3.38 3.17 2.95 2.74 2.53 2.32 2011 1.90 1.69 1.48
-8 3.88 3.67 3.46 3.26 3.05 2.84 2.64 2.44 2.23 2.03
-6 4.42 4.22 4.02 3.82 3.62 3.42 3.22 3.03 2.83 2.64
-4 5.01 4.82 4.62 4.43 4.23 4.04 3.AS 3.66 3.47 3.29
-2 5.63 5.44 5.26 5.08 4.90 4.72 4.53 4.35 4.17 3.98

0 6.53 6.23 5.96 5.72 5.53 5.3n 5.22 5.07 4.91 4.75
2 7.07 6.89 6.71 6.54 6.37 6.20 6.02 5.85 5.68 5.52
4 7.84 7.67 7.51 7.34 7.17 7.00 6.84 6.68 6.51 6.35
6 8.67 8.50 8.34 8018 8.02 7.86 7.70 7.54 7.38 7.23
8 9.53 9.37 9.22 9.06 8.91 8.75 8.60 8.45 8.30 8.14

10 10.44 10.29 10.14

Mixing ratio - rapport de melange, g kg-1

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0 ·0

-14 .3
-12 .8

-10 1.3 .3
-8 1.8 .8
-6 2.4 1.5 .6
-4 3.1 2.2 1.3 .4
-2 3.8 2.9 2.1 1.2 .4

0 4.6 3.7 2.9 2.1 1.3 .5

2 5.3 4.5 3,7 2.9 2.2
& n.? 5.4 4.6
 TABLE 4.24 - 1

Table 4.24".1 Heat capacity at constant pressure residual of (1 r) kg +

of moist air
Capacite thermique a pression constante residuelle de
(1 + r) kg d'air humide
p: pressure - pression; t: temperature; r: mixing ratio - rapport de melange
Tw : saturation mixing ratio - rapport de melange de saturation

rlrw

p t
p t 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1
mb ·0 JK-l mb ·0 JK' JK' JK-l JK-l JK-l
0 -2.5 0 -0.8
300 0 300 0 -0.4 -0.4 0 0 0
-100
700 3.8 700 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
1 100 7.1 1100 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

0 -2.5 0 -0.4
300 -0.4 300 10 0 0 9.4 0.4 0.8
-90
700 2.5 700 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3
1100 5.4 1 100 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

0 -2.5 0 0
300 -80 -0.4 300 20 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.5
700 1.7 700 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.1
1100 4.2 1 100 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.5

0 -2.1 0 0.4
300 -0.8 300 30 0.8 1.7 2.5 4.2 5.9
-70
700 1.3 700 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.3
1100 3.3 1100 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.3

0 -2.1 0 0.8
300 -0.8 300 1.3 2.9 5.9 9.6 14.7
-60 40
700 0.8 700 1.7 2.5 3.3 5.0 6.7
1100 2.9 1100 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.2 5.4

0 -2.1 0 1.7
300 -0.8 300 1.7
-50 50
700 0.8 700 2.5 3.8 6.3 9.6 13.4
1100 2.1 1100 2.9 3.8 5.0 7.1 9.6

0 -2.1 0 2.1
300 -0.8 300 2.5
-40 60
700 0.4 700 2.9 6.3 11.7 19.3 28.5
1100 1.7 1100 3.3 5.4 8.4 12.6 18.0

0 -1.7
300 -0.8
-30
700 0.4
1100 1.7

0 -1.7
300 -0.8
-20
700 0.4
1100 1.3

0 -1.3
300 -0.4
-10
700 0.4
111111 11
 TABLE 4.24 - 2

Table 4.24.2 Enthalpy residnal of (1 + r) kg of moist air

Enthalpie residuelle de (1 + r) kg d'air humide
p: pressure - pression ; t : temperature ; r : mixing ratio - rapport de melange
rw: saturation mixing ratio - rapport de melange de saturation

rjrw

p t P t 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

mb °0 10' J mb °0 10 3 J 103 J
103 J lO'J 10' J
0 0.21 0 0.00
300 0.00 300 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08
700 -100 -0.29 700 0 -0.21 -0.21 -0.21 -0.21 -0.21
1 100 -0.59 1100 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29

0 0.17 0 0.00
300 0 300 -0.08 -0.08 ~0.08 -0.08 ---<0.08
~90 10
700 -0.25 700 -0.17 -0.17 -0.21 -0.21 -0.21
1100 -0.50 1100 -0.29 ~0:29 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29

O. 0.13 0 0.00
300' -0.04 300 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -.0.13
700 -80 -0.25 700 20 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.21
1100 -0.46 1100 -0.25 -0.25 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29

0 0.13 0 0.00
300 -0.04 300 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.13 -0.17
700 -70 -0.21 700 30 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.17 -0.21
1 100 -0.42 1100 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.29

0 0.08 0 0.00
300 -0.04 300 -0.08 -0.04 -0.08 -0.17 -0.29
700 -60 -0.21 700 40 -0.13 -0.13 -0.17 -0.21 -0.25
1 100 -0.42 1100 -0.21 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.29

0 0.08 0 0.00
300 -0.04 300 -0.04
700 -50 -0.21 700 50 -0.13 -0.13 -0.17 -0.29 -0.42
1100 -0.38 1 100 -0.21 -0.21 -0.25 -0.29 -0.38

0 0.04 0 0.04
300 -0.04 300 -0.04
~40 60 -0.84
700 -0.21 700 -0.08 -0.13 --0.25 -0.50
1 100 -0.38 1 100 -0.17 -0.-17 -0.25 -0.42 -0.63

0 0.04
300 -0.04
700 -30 -0.21
1 100 -0.33

0 0.04
300 -0.08
700 -20 -0.21
1 too -0.33

0 0.00
300 -0.08
700 -10 -0.21
1100 -0.33
 TABLE 4.24 - 3

Table 4.24.3 Entropy residual of (1 + r) kg of moist air

Entropie residuelle de (1 + r) kg d'air humide
p: pressure - pression ; t : temperature; r : mixing ratio - rapport de melange
rw: saturation mixing ratio - rapport de melange de saturation

r/rw

p t p t 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

rob °0 JK-l rob °0 JK-l JK-l JK-l JK-l JK-l

0 0.92 0 0.00
300 -100 0.04 300 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
-1.13 0 -0.59 -0.59 -0.59 -0.59 -0.59
700 700
1100 -2.26 1100 -0.92 -0.92 -0.92 ~0.92 -0.92

0 0.75 0 -0.04
300 0.04 300 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
.-90 10
700 -0.96 700 -0.54 -0.54 -0.54 -0.59 -0.59
1100 -1.93 1100 -0.88 -0.88 -0.88 -0.88 -0.88

0 0.63 0 -0.04
300 0.00 300 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.29
-80 20
700 -0.84 700 -0.54 -0.50 -0.54 -0.54 -0.54
1100 -1.67 1100 -0.80 -0.80 -0.80 -0.84 -0.84

0 0.50 0 -0.04
300 -0.04 300 -0.25 -0.21 -0.21 -0.29 -0.38
-70 30
700 -0.75 700 -0.50 -0.50 -0.50 -0.50 -0.59
1100 -1.51 1 100 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.80 -0.80

0 0.42 0 -0.04
300 -60 -0.04 300 -0.21 -0.13 -0.17 -0.38 -0.67
-0.71 700 40 -0.42 -0.42 -0.46 -0.50 -0.67
700
1100 -1.34 1 100 -0.67 -0.67 -0.67 -0.75 -0.84

0 0.33 0 0.00
300 -50 -0.08 300 -0.17
-0.67 700 50 -0.38 -0.33 -0.42 -0.63 -0.92
700
1 100 -1.21 1 100 -0.59 -0.59 -0.63 -0.75 -0.96

0 0.25 0 0.08
300 -40 -0.13 300 -0.08
700 -0.63 700 60 ~0.29 -0.21 -0.46 -0.96 -1.72
1 100 -1.13 1100 -0.50 -0.46 -0.59 -0.92 -1.34

0 0.17
300 -30 -0.17
700 -0.63
1 100 -1.09

0 0.08
300 -0.21
-20
700 -0.63
1 100 -1.00

0 0.04
300 -0.25
-10
700 -0.59
1 100 -0.96
Table 4.24.4
TABLE 4.24 -

Mixing entropy of (1 +
4

r) kg of moist air
+
0
() ~
I
Entropie de melange de (1
Srn: mixing entropy of (1
humide
+
r) kg d'air humide
r) kg of moist air - entropie de melange de (1 + r) kg d'air , ~
r: mixing ratio - rapport de melange (kg kg-I) 0'
srn srn srn srn
JK-l JK-l JK-l J K-l
48.86 0.115 147.29 0.20 210.5
0
O.BOO 5
0.0010
0
1.88
3.43
0.025
0.026
0.027
50.33
51.83
0.120
0.125
151.52
155.71
0.22
0.24
223.2
235.3
0
0.001 5 4.86 0.028 53.26 0.130 159.77 0.26 247.0
54.72 0.135 163.79 0.28 257.9
0.0020 6.24

7.54
0.029

0.030 56.14 0.140 167.72 0.30 268.4

()
0.0025
0.0030 8.79 0.031 57.57 0.145 171.62 0.32 278.4
0.0035 9.96 0.032 58.95 0.150 175.43 0.34 288.5
0.0040
0.0045
11.18
12.31
0.033
0.034
60.33
61.71
0.155
0.160
179.20
182.88
0.36
0.38
297.7
306.9
()
0.005 13.44 0.035 63.10 0.165 186.48 0.40 315.7
0.006
0.007
15.62
17.75
0.036
0.037
64.44
65.78
0.170
0.175
190.08
193.60
0.42
0.44
324.1
332.4
()
0.008 19.80 0.038 67.07 0.180 197.07 0.46 340.4
0.009 21.77 0.039 68.41 0.185 200.51 0.48 348.3

0.010 23.70 0.040 69.71 0.190 203.86 0.50 355.9 ()

0.011 25.62 0.045 76.03 0.195 207.21 0.52 363.0
0.012 27.47 0.050 82.15 0.200 210.47 0.54 370.5
0.013
0.014
29.27
31.02
0.055
0.060
88.05
93.74
0.56
0.58
377.2
384.3 ()
0.015 32.78 0.065 99.27 0.60 390.6
0.62 397.3
0.016
0.017
0.018
34.50
36.17
37.85
0.070
0.075
0.080
104.63
109.82
114.93
0.64
0.66
403.6
409.9
C)
0.019 39.48 0.085 119.87 0.68 415.8

0.020
0.021
41.11
42.71
0.090
0.095
124.68
129.42
0.70
0.72
421.6
427.5
(J
0.022 44.25 0.100 134.02 0.74 433.3
0.023 45.80 0.105 138.54 0.76 438.8
0.024 47.35 0.110 142.94 0.78 444.2
(J
0.80 449.7

()
()
1'11.1973 (J

()
 TABLE 6.1-1

Table 6.1 Scale variation of recommended map projections

Variation d'ichelle pour les proj,ections cartographiques
recommandies
(The Earth is assumed to be spherical- La Terre est supposee spherique)

Scale factor - E'acteur d'echelle k

Polar
Mercator stereographic Lambert's conformal conic
Latitude
degrees Standard parallel: Stereographique Conique conforme de Lambert
degr~s ParalWe standard: polaire
22° %
Standard parallel: Standard parallels :
ParalWe standard : Paralleles standard:
60° BO° - 60° 10° - 40°

0 0.924 1.866 1.283 1.062

5 0.927 1. 716 1.210 1.027
10 0.938 1.590 1.149 1.000
15 0.956 1.482 1.099 0.981
20 0.983 1.390 1.058 0.970

25 1.019 1.312 1.025 0.966

30 1.067 1.244 1.000 0.969
35 1.128 1.186 0.982 0.980
40 1.206 1.136 0.970 1.000
45 1.307 1.093 0.966 1.030

50 1.437 1.057 0.968 1.072

55 1.611 1.026 0.979 1.130
60 1.848 1.000 1.000 1.209
65 2.186 0.979 1.033 1.319
70 2.701 0.962 1.084 1.478

75 3.570 0.949 1.162 1.723

80 5.320 0.940 1.293 2.157
85 10.600 0.935 1.566 3.193

V. 1966
 TABLE 6.2 - 1

Table 6.2 Length of one degree on a parallel and on a meridian

Longueur d'un degre sur un parallele et sur un meridien

On a parallel On a meridian
Sur un parallele Sur un meridien

Latitude 111 Latitude 111 Latitude It1 Latitude It1

O· ll1324 45 78850 0-1· 110575.6 45-46 111145.2

1 111307 46 77467 1-2 110576.3 46-47 111164.8
2 111257 47 76060 2-3 110577.6 47-48 111184.4
3 111172 48 74629 3-4 110579.7 48-49 111203.9
4 111055 49 73175 4-5 110582.4 49-50 111223.4
5 110903 50 71699 5-6 110585.8 50-51 111242.7
6 110718 51 70201 6-7 110589.8 51-52 111261.9
7 110500 52 68681 7-8 110594.5 52-53 111281.0
8 110248 53 67140 8-9 110599.9 53-54 111299.9
9 109962 54 65579 9-10 110605.9 54-55 111318.6
10 109644 55 63997 10-11 110612.5 55-56 111337.1
11 109292 56 62396 11-12 110619.8 56-57 111355.4
12 108907 57 60775 12-,.13 110627.8 57-58 111373.4
13 108489 58 59136 13-14 110636.3 58-59 111391.1
14 108038 59 57478 14-15 110645.4 59-60 111408.5
15 107555 60 55803 15-16 110655.2 60-61 111425.5
16 107039 61 54110 16-17 110665.5 61-62 111442.3
17 106490 62 52401 17-10 110676.4 62-63 111458.6
18 105909 63 50675 18-19 110687.9 63-64 111474.6
19 105296 64 48934 19-20 110699.9 64-65 111490.1
20 104651 65 47178 20-21 110712.4 65-66 111505.2
21 103975 66 45407 21-22 110725.4 66-67 111519.9
22 103266 67 43622 22-23 110739.0 67-68 111534.1
23 102527 68 41824 23-24 n0753.0 68-69 111547.8
24 101756 69 40012 24-25 110767.5 69-70 111561.0
25 100954 70 38189 25-26 110782.5 70-71 111573.7
26 100122 71 36353 26-27 110797.9 71-72 111585.9
27 99259 72 34506 27-28 110813.7 72-73 111597.5
28 98366 73 32648 28-29 110829.9 73-74 111608.5
29 97443 74 30781 29-30 110846.4 74-75 111619.0
30 96490 75 28904 30-31 110863.3 75-76 111628.9
31 95508 76 27017 31-32 110880.6 76-77 111638.2
32 94497 77 25123 32-33 110898.2 77-78 111646.8
33 93457 78 23220 33-34 110916.0 78-79 111654.9
34 92389 79 21311 34-35 110934.2 79-80 111662.3
35 91292 80 19395 35-36 110952.6 80-81 111669.1
36 90168 81 17472 36-37 110971.2 81-82 111675.2
37 89016 82 15545 37-38 110990.0 82-83 111680.6
38 87836 83 13612 38-39 111009.0 83-84 111685.4
39 86630 84 11675 39-40 111028.2 84-85 111689.5
40 85398 85 9735 40-41 111047.5 85-86 111693.0
41 84139 86 7792 41-42 111066.9 86-87 111695.7
42 82855 87 5846 42-43 111086.4 87-88 111697.8
43 81545 88 3898 43-44 111105.9 88-89 111699.2
44 80210 89 1949 44-45 111125.5 89-90 111699.9

IV.I968
 TABLE 6.3 - 1

Table 6.3.1 Acceleration of gravity at mean sea-level as a function of

latitude *
Acceleration de la pesanteur au niveau moyen de la mer en
fonction de la latitude *
Latl·
tude 0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50'
cm sec-I cm sec'" cm sec'" cm sec-l cm sec'" cm sec-I
O· 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.037
1 978.037 978.038 978.038 978.039 978.040 978.041
2 978.042 978.043 978.044 978.045 978.047 078.048
3 978.050 978.051 978.053 978.055 978.057 978.059
4 978.061 978.063 978.065 978.067 978.070 978.072
5 978.075 978.077 978.080 978.083 978.086 978.089
6 978.092 978.095 978.098 978.102 978.105 978.109
7 978.112 978.116 978.120 978.123 978.127 978.131
8 978.135 978.140 978.144 978.148 978.153 978.157
9 978.162 978.166 978.171 978.176 978.181 978.186
10 978.191 978.196 978.201 978.207 978.212 978.218
11 978.223 978.229 978.234 978.240 978.246 978.252
12 978.258 978.264 978.271 978.277 978.283 978.290
13 978.296 978.303 978.310 978.316 978.323 978.330
14 978.337 978.344 978.351 978.358 978.366 978.373
15 978.381 978.388 978.396 978.403 978.411 978.419
16 978.427 978.435 978.443 978.451 978.459 978.468
17 978.476 978.484 978.493 978.501 578.510 578.519
18 978.528 978.536 978.545 978.554 978.563 978.572
19 978.582 978.591 578.600 978.610 978.619 978.629
20 978.638 978.648 978.658 978.667 978.677 978.687
21 978.697 978.707 978.717 978.728 978.738 978.748
22 978.759 978.769 978.780 978.790 978.801 978.812
23 978.822 978.833 978.844 978.855 978.866 978.877
24 978.888 978.899 978.911 978.922 978.933 978.945
25 978.956 978.968 978.979 978.991 979.002 979.014
26 979.026 979.038 979.050 979.062 979.074 979.086
27 979.098 979.110 979.122 979.135 979.147 979.159
28 979.172 979.184 979.197 979.209 979.222 979.234
29 979.247 979.260 979.273 979.286 979.298 979.311
30 979.324 979.337 979.350 979.364 979.377 979.390
31 979.403 979.416 979.430 979.443 979.456 979.470
32 979.483 979.497 979.510 979.524 979.538 979.551
33 979.565 979.579 979.593 979.606 979.620 979.634
34 979.648 979.662 979.676 979.690 979.704 979.718
35 979.732 979.746 979.760 979.775 979.789 979.803
36 979.817 979.832 979.846 979.860 979.875 979.889
37 979.904 979.918 979.933 979.947 979.962 979.976
38 979.991 980.005 980.020 980.035 980.049 980.064
39 980.079 980.093 980.108 980.123 980.138 980.152
40 980.167 980.182 980.197 980.212 980.226 980.241
41 980.256 980.271 980.286 980.301 980.316 980.331
42 980.346 980.361 980.376 980.391 980.406 980.421
43 980.436 980.451 980.466 980.481 980.496 980.511
44 980.526 980.541 980.556 980.571 980.586 980.601
45 980.616 980.631 980.646 980.661 980.676 98M91
46 980.706 980.721 980.736 980.751 980.766 980.781
47 980.796 980.811 980.826 980.841 980.856 980.871
48 980.886 980.901 980.916 980.931 980.946 980.961
49 980.976 980.991 981.006 981.021 981.036 981.050
SO 981.065 981.080 981.095 981.110 981.124 981.139
* See note page 4 - voir note page 4.
IV.1968
 TABLE 6.3 - 2
(

0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50'

Lati·
tude cm sec-J cm sec-J cm sec-2 cm sec-2 cm sec-t cm sec-l l
50° 981.065 981.080 981.095 981.110 981.124 981.139
51 981.154 981.169 981.183 981.198 981.213 981.227
52 981.242 981.257 981.271 981.286 981.300 981.315
53 981.329 981.344 981.358 981.373 981.387 981.401 {
54 981.416 9810430 981.444 981.459 981.473 981.487
55 981.501 981.515 981.529 981.544 981.558 981.572
56 981.586 981.600 981.613 981.627 981.641 981.655
57
58
981.669
981.751
981.683
981.764
981.696
981.778
981.710
981.791
981.724
981.805
981.737
981.818
\
59 981.831 981.845 981.858 981.871 981.884 981.897
60 981.911 981.924 981.937 981.950 981.962 981.975
61 981.988 982.001 982.014 982.026 982.039 982.051
62 982.064 982.076 982.089 982.101 982.114 982.126
63 982.138 982.150 982.162 982.175 982.187 982.198
64 982.210 982.222 982.234 982.246 982.258 982.269
65 982.281 982.292 982.304 982.315 982.327 982.338 (
66 982.349 982.360 982.371 982.382 982.393 982.404
67 982.415 982.426 982.437 982.448 982.458 982.469
68 982.479 982.490 982.500 982.511 982.521 982.531
69 982.541 982.551 982.561 982.571 982.581 982.591
70 982.601 982.610 982.620 982.629 982.639 982.648
71 982.658 982.667 982.676 982.685 982.694 982.703
72 982.712 982.721 982.730 982.738 9.82.747 982.756
73 982.764 982.772 982.781 982.789 982.797 982.805
74 982.813 982.821 982.829 982.837 982.845 982.852 (
75 982.860 982.868 982.875 982.882 982.890 982.897
76 982.904 982.911 982.918 982.925 982.932 982.938
77 982.945 982.952 982.958 982.965 982.971 982.977 (
78 982.983 982.990 982.996 983.001 983.007 983.013
79 983.019 983.024 983.030 983.035 983.041 983.046
80 983.051 983.056 983.061 983.066 983.071 983.076
81 983.081 983.085 983.090 983.094 983.099 983.103
82 983.107 983.111 983.116 983.119 983.123 983.127 {
83 983.131 983.134 983.138 983.141 983.145 983.148
84 983.151 983.154 983.157 983.160 983.163 983.166
85 983.168 983.171 983.174 983.176 983.178 983.181 (
86 983.183 983.185 983.187 983.189 983.190 983.192
87 983.194 983.195 983.197 983.198 983.199 983.201
88 983.202 983.203 983.204 983.204 983.205 983.206
89 983.206 983.207 983.207 983.208 983.208 983.208
(
90 983.208

1
"

(
IV.1968
 TABLE 6.3 - 3

Table 6.3.2 Decrease of the acceleration of gravity in the free air as

a function of altitude and latitude '"
Diminution de l'acceleration de la pesanteur en atmosphere
libre en fonction de l'altitude et de la latitude *

Altitude Latitude
m D· ID· 20· 3D· 40· 50· 60· 10· 80· 90·
cms-2 cffia- 2 cm B-2 cms-2 cms-2 ems 2 cm s 2" ems 2 ems 2 cm s 2

100 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031
200 0.062 0.062 0.062 0.Oh2 0.062 0.062 0.062 0.Oh2 0.062 0.062
300 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.092 0.092
400 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123
500 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154 0.154
600 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.1115 0.185 0.1115
700 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216
800 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247 0.247
900 0.278 0.278 0.278 0.278 0.278 0.278 0.278 0.277 0.277 0.277

1000 0.309 0.309 0.309 0.309 0.309 0.308 0.308 0.308 0.308 0.308
1100 0.340 0.340 0.3210 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339
1200 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370
1300 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401
1400 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.432
1500 0.463 0.463 0.463 0.463 0.463 0.463 0.462 0.462 0.462 0.462
1600 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.493 0.493 0.493 0.493 0.493
1700 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.524
1800 0.556 0.556 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555
1900 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586

2000 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.616 0.616 0.616
3000 0.926 0.926 0.926 0.925 0.925 0.925 0.925 0.924 0.924 0.924
4000 1.234 1.234 1.234 1.233 1.233 1.233 1.233 1.232 1.232 1.232
5000 1.542 1.542 1.542 1.541 1.5 4 1 1.541 1.540 1.540 1.540 1.540
6000 1.850 1.850 1.850 1.849 1.849 1.848 1.848 1.848 1.847 1.fl l ,7
7000 2.158 2.158 2.157 2.157 2.157 2.156 2.155 2.155 2.155 2.155
8000 2.466 2.465 2.465 2.465 2.464 2.463 2.463 2 ...62 2.462 2.462
9000 2.773 2.773 2.773 2.772 2.771 2.771 2.770 2.769 2.769 2.769

10000 3.080 3.080 3.080 3.079 3.079 3.078 3.077 3.076 3.076 3.076
15000 4.615 4.615 4.615 4.614 4.613 4.611 4.610 4.609 4.609 4.609
20000 6.147 6.146 6.145 6.144 6.143 6.141 6.140 6.139 6.138 6.138
25000 7.674 7.674 7.673 7.671 7.670 7.668 7.666 7.664 7.663 7.663
30000 9.198 9.198 9.197 9.195 9.193 9.190 9.188 9.186 9.185 9.185
35000 10.719 .10.718 10.717 10.715 10.712 10.710 10.707 10.705 10.704 10.703
40000 12.236 12.235 12.234 12.231 12.228 12.225 12.222 12.220 12.218 12.218
45000 13.749 13.748 13.747 13.744 13.741 13.737 13.734 13.731 13.730 13.729

50000 15.259 15.258 15.256 15.253 15.250 15.246 15.242 15.239 15.237 15.237
55000 16.765 16.765 16.762 16.759 16.755 16.751 16.747 16.744 16.742 16.741
60000 18.268 18.267 18.265 18.262 18.257 18.253 18.248 18.245 18.242 18.242
65000 19.768 19.767 19.764 19.760 19.756 19.751 19.746 19.742 19.740 19.739
70000 21.263 21.262 21.260 21.256 21.251 21.245 21.240 21.236 21.234 21.233
75000 22.756 22.755 22.752 22.748 22.742 22.736 22.731 22.77.7 22.724 22.723
80000 24.245 24.244 24.241 24.236 24.230 24.224 24.218 24.214 24.211 24.210
85000 25.730 25.729 25.726 25.721 25.715 25.708 25.702 25.697 25.694 25.693
90000 27.212 27.211 27.208 27.202 27.196 27.189 27.183 27.178 27.174 27.173
95000 28.691 28.690 28.686 28.681 28.674 28.667 28.660 28.654 28.651 28.650
100000 30.166 30.165 30.161 30.155 30.148 30.141 30.134 30.128 30.124 30.123

* See note page" - voir note page 4.

IV.1968
 TABLE 6.3 - 4 (
NOTE: Tables 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 show theoretical values of the gravity accelera-
tion established on the meteorological gravity system; formula (1), Table 3.8.2, (
and formula (i 3), Introduction 3.8, have been used respectively.
Linear interpolation is practicable throughout both tables.
Values read in Table 6.3.2 are to be subtracted from values of Table 6.3.1 (
to obtain the theoretical values of the acceleration of gravity in free air at
various altitudes for a given latitude.
Table 6.3.1 is reproduced from SMT 167. Table 6.3.2 has been computed
by the Environmental Science Services Administration (U.S. Department of Com-
merce) on a CDC 6600 computer; the programme, established in Fortran
language, is kept at the WMO Secretariat.
NOTE: Les tables 6.3.1 et 6.3.2 indiquent les paleurs tluloriques de l' acceleration l
de la pesanteur etablies dans le systeme nulteorologique d' acceleration de la pesan-
teur; les formules (1), table 3. 8.2, et (i 3), introduction 3.8, ont ete respectipement
utilisees. (
L'interpolation lineaire est applicable dans les deux tables.
Les paleurs figurant dans la table 6.3.2 doipent etre soustraites des paleurs de
la table 6.3.1 pour obtenir les mleurs theoriques de l' acceleration de la pesanteur (
en atmosphere libre a diflirentes altitudes pour une latitude donnee.
La table 6.3.1 est une reproduction de la SMT 167. La table 6.3.2 a ete cal-
culee par l'Erwironmental Science Serpices Administration (V.S. Department of (
Commerce) sur un ordinateur ClJC 6600; le programme, etabli en langage For-
tran, est depose au Secretariat de l'OMAf.

(
IV.1968